DO NOW: 11/26/12

In your notes, list the PROS and CONS of an absolute monarch such as Louis XIV of France.

Think about the problems that might arise under an Absolute Monarch – List some.

English Bill of Rights

Absolute Monarch

Absolute Monarch = EXECUTED by

Cromwell

Popular Ruler dies 1685

Abdicates in 1688

Constitutional Government!

JAMES I – devoted to theory “Divine Right of Kings” – Absolutism

Went against Parliament – which controlled the $$

HOUSE OF COMMONS – wanted more say in the government

CHARLES I – (James I’s son) – attempted to rule without Parliament (1629-1640)

1640 – 1660- THE LONG PARLIAMENT -limited the power of the King Parliament cannot be disolved

PURITANS – increased dissatisfaction with the Church of England

Wanted to purify the Anglican Church of all Roman Catholic elements (pageantry)

James I and Charles I – showed they were highly sympathetic to Roman Catholicism

Tried to impose new religious elements in Scotland

“Book of Common Prayer”

Upset the Scots Rebelled

Charles I was forced to Summon Parliament

Petition of Right – king cannot raise taxes, jail without legal justification. (IGNORED)

CAVALIERS

(CHARLES I)VS

ROUNDHEADS

(OLIVER CROMWELL)

CIVIL WAR

Execution of Charles I – Charged with Treason

COMMONWEALTH (republican form of Government

Theoretically: legislative power was in Parliament and executive power in a council of state

Reality: Oliver Cromwell and the military controlled the government – “Protectorate” – Military Dictatorship

Oliver Cromwell

Navigation Act: English Goods must be transported on English Ship

Cromwell died – 1658 – and his system of Governmnet died out

CROMWELL

Restricted the freedom of Anglicans and Catholics

Enforced public Morality

Closing the theaters

Prohibited dancing

Required strict observance of the Sabbath

Welcomed Jews

THE RESTORATION: 1660

Restored the Monarchy with Charles II, eldest son of Charles I

Restored the Anglican Church

Harmony between Crown and Parliament

Exit Ticket

In your opinion, was Oliver Cromwell a villain or a hero?

Pick a side and explain with at least THREE reasons.

Do Now: Wednesday 11/28/12

“Why Did Parliament Win the Civil War?”

Read the background information and answer corresponding questions

The English Commonwealth

Parliament abolishes the monarchy and House of Lords

Parliament rules as a commonwealth

Problems plague the nation – Cromwell is a military leader

Commonwealth falls apart upon Cromwell’s death in 1658

Groups who favor a monarchy gain power

The Monarchy is Restored 1660-1685

Charles II works with Parliament to repair the shattered nation

Eventually clashes with Parliament when he works to restore Catholicism

1678: Charles dissolves Parliament and builds the monarchy’s power

His successor, James II, continues to push for Catholic power and incites a backlash PRODUCES MALE HEIR **CATHOLIC**

The Glorious Revolution

William and Mary (James II’s Protestant daughter) are asked to become England’s monarchs

1688 King James II, wife & child flee to France

Assures Parliament’s power

William & Mary had to agree to very limited powers under Parliament’s domination

1689: Signed the English Bill of Rights

The English Bill of Rights

Ensured the superiority of Parliament over the monarchy

Required the monarch to summon Parliament regularly and gave the House of Commons the “power of the purse” – control over spending

King or Queen could no longer interfere with parliamentary debates or suspend laws

Barred any Roman Catholic from sitting on the throne

The English Bill of Rights

Also restated the traditional rights of English citizens

Trial by jury

Abolished excessive fines

Cruel and unjust punishment

Affirmed the principle of habeas corpus No person could be held in prison

without first being charged with a specific crime

Toleration Act 1689

Granted limited religious freedom to Puritans, Quakers, and other dissenters

BUT only members of the Church of England could hold public office

Catholics were not allowed any religious freedoms

timeline

English Bill of Rights

Absolute Monarch

Absolute Monarch = EXECUTED

by Cromwell

Popular Ruler dies 1685

Abdicates in 1688

Wrap Up

Why was the “Age of Absolutism” 1550-1800 such a chaotic time in European history?

Consider: Elizabeth, Philip II, Louis XIV, English Civil War, Glorious Revolution, and Constitutional Government

Exit Ticket 11/28/12

What was the Petition of Right?

What was the result of the English Civil War?

What was the Commonwealth? Who led the Commonwealth?

English Bill of Rights