DNA TechnologyDNA Technology

There are currently There are currently many types of many types of Biotechnology that Biotechnology that are being used are being used across the worldacross the world

What does What does Biotechnology Biotechnology mean???mean???

We will analyze 5 types:We will analyze 5 types:

CloningCloning Recombinant DNARecombinant DNA Gel ElectrophoresisGel Electrophoresis Genetic EngineeringGenetic Engineering Human Genome ProjectHuman Genome Project

CloningCloning

Cloning- is the process of using Cloning- is the process of using specialized DNA technology to produce specialized DNA technology to produce multiple, exact copies of a single gene or multiple, exact copies of a single gene or other segment of DNA to obtain enough other segment of DNA to obtain enough material for further study material for further study

In 1997, Dolly was clonedIn 1997, Dolly was cloned

Recombinant DNARecombinant DNA

Recombinant DNA is DNA that has been Recombinant DNA is DNA that has been created artificially.created artificially.

DNA from two or more sources is DNA from two or more sources is incorporated into a single recombinant incorporated into a single recombinant molecule.molecule.

http://www.dnalc.org/resources/3d/20-http://www.dnalc.org/resources/3d/20-mechanism-of-recombination.htmlmechanism-of-recombination.html

Recombinant DNA is the general name for taking a Recombinant DNA is the general name for taking a piece of one DNA, and combining it with another strand piece of one DNA, and combining it with another strand of DNA. Thus, the name recombinant! of DNA. Thus, the name recombinant!

Recombinant DNA is also sometimes referred to as Recombinant DNA is also sometimes referred to as "chimera.“"chimera.“

By combining two or more different strands of DNA, By combining two or more different strands of DNA, scientists are able to create a new strand of DNA. scientists are able to create a new strand of DNA.

The most common recombinant process involves The most common recombinant process involves combining the DNA of two combining the DNA of two different organisms. different organisms.

Below are some of the areas where Below are some of the areas where Recombinant DNA will have an impact:Recombinant DNA will have an impact:

Better Crops (drought & heat resistance) Better Crops (drought & heat resistance) Recombinant Vaccines (ie. Hepatitis B) Recombinant Vaccines (ie. Hepatitis B) Prevention and cure of sickle cell anemia Prevention and cure of sickle cell anemia Prevention and cure of cystic fibrosis Prevention and cure of cystic fibrosis Production of clotting factors Production of clotting factors Production of insulin Production of insulin Production of recombinant pharmaceuticals Production of recombinant pharmaceuticals Plants that produce their own insecticides Plants that produce their own insecticides Germ line and somatic gene therapy Germ line and somatic gene therapy

Gel ElectrophoresisGel Electrophoresis

Gel electrophoresis is a procedure for Gel electrophoresis is a procedure for separating a mixture of molecules separating a mixture of molecules (DNA) through a stationary material (DNA) through a stationary material (gel) in an electrical field.(gel) in an electrical field.

http://http://learn.genetics.utah.elearn.genetics.utah.edu/units/biotech/gel/du/units/biotech/gel/

Genetic EngineeringGenetic Engineering

Genetic engineering is Genetic engineering is a laboratory technique a laboratory technique used by scientists to used by scientists to change the DNA of change the DNA of living organisms. living organisms.

GE uses GE uses Recombinant DNA Recombinant DNA technology to get a technology to get a desired productdesired product

Ex: golden riceEx: golden rice

Human Genome ProjectHuman Genome Project

Completed in 2003Completed in 2003 identifiedidentified all the approximately 20,000- all the approximately 20,000-

25,000 genes in human DNA 25,000 genes in human DNA