DNA Structure and Function FA

Learning Goal:

Every nucleotide is made up of…

1. Sugar2. Phosphate3. Nitrogen base4. All of the above

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NUCLEOTIDE

Regarding the nitrogen bases, Adenine always bonds with which one?

1. Cytosine2. Thymine3. Guanine4. Uracil

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Rules of pairingnucleotide adenine pairs with nucleotide Thymine via 2 hydrogen bonds. A=T nucleotide cytosine pairs with guanine via 3 hydrogen bonds G ≡ C 1 A =T & G ≡C pairs are called

complementary base pairs2 Each single DNA strand is a polymer made

of deoxynucleotide monomers3 Deoxyribonucleotide monomers are

linked from phosphate to deoxyribose sugar in the DNA backbone

4 Weak Hydrogen bonds join complementary base pairs of the 2 strands of the double helix to form the rungs of the DNA ladder

5 The strands are anti-parallel so that one strand has its phosphate group at the top & hydroxyl on the bottom of the strand, while the other is oriented oppositely.

DNA is the directions to make what macromolecule?

1. Glucose2. Protein3. Carbohydrates4. Lipids

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Cells have 4 types of macromolecules (also known as polymers)Polymer monomer main funcitonsCarbohydrates monosaccharides or sugars store energy

form structuresLipids like fats fatty acids store energy or phospholipids build cell membranes or steroids hormones, communication

Nucleic acids DNA deoxyribonucleotides store genetic information RNA ribonucleotide allow protein synthesis

Proteins amino acids workers (tools) of the cellenzymes, regulators, structural components

The two strands of DNA are bonded together in the middle by their…

1. Sugars2. Phosphates 3. Nitrogen bases

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If one strand of DNA had a sequence of nitrogen bases that read A C C T G A , than the complementary strand would have what sequence?

1. A C C T G A2. C T T G A T3. T G G A C T4. T A A C C C

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Nitrogen Base Pairinga. Adenine and Thymine

must form two hydrogen bonds to be stable while Guanine and Cytosine must form three1. Makes the base pairing

system extremely simple2. A-T and C-G pairs are the

only ones physically possible

In the following DNA molecule which is the Deoxyribose Sugar

1. 12. 23. 34. 4

1

2

3

4

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The letter A at the bottom of the picture represents this monomer unit?

1. Amino acid2. Nucleotide 3. DNA4. mRNA

A1 2 3 4

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If your DNA ladder contains 28 sugars, how many nucleotides would your DNA ladder contain?

1. 12. 143. 284. 425. 56

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Nitrogen Base Pairinga. Adenine and Thymine

must form two hydrogen bonds to be stable while Guanine and Cytosine must form three1. Makes the base pairing

system extremely simple2. A-T and C-G pairs are the

only ones physically possible

Where does DNA replication take place in a cell?

1. Cytoplasm2. Endoplasmic

Reticulum3. Golgi Body4. Nucleus5. Vacuole

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learn.genetics.utah.edu tour of the basics

1 What is DNA?

Molecule with 2 matching(complementary) sidesthat wrap in a double helix. One long double helix coilsInto one chromosome. DNA stores hereditary Information that controlsTraits.

If a particular strand of DNA contains 20% Adenine, what percentage of Thymine can be expected in the complementary

strand of DNA?

1. 1%2. 10%3. 20%4. 40%5. 80%

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Nitrogen Base Pairinga. Adenine and Thymine

must form two hydrogen bonds to be stable while Guanine and Cytosine must form three1. Makes the base pairing

system extremely simple2. A-T and C-G pairs are the

only ones physically possible

Which one of the following nucleotide pair bonds would be found in a DNA molecule?

1. adenine-guanine2. guanine-cytosine3. adenine-cytosine4. cytosine-uracil

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Nitrogen Base Pairinga. Adenine and Thymine

must form two hydrogen bonds to be stable while Guanine and Cytosine must form three1. Makes the base pairing

system extremely simple2. A-T and C-G pairs are the

only ones physically possible

The backbone of a DNA molecule is made of which two components?

1. phosphate molecules and ribose sugars

2. deoxyphosphate molecules and ribose sugars

3. phosphate molecules and deoxyribose sugars

4. deoxyphosphate molecules and deoxyribose sugars

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Rules of pairingnucleotide adenine pairs with nucleotide Thymine via 2 hydrogen bonds. A=T nucleotide cytosine pairs with guanine via 3 hydrogen bonds G ≡ C 1 A =T & G ≡C pairs are called

complementary base pairs2 Each single DNA strand is a polymer made

of deoxynucleotide monomers3 Deoxyribonucleotide monomers are

linked from phosphate to deoxyribose sugar in the DNA backbone

4 Weak Hydrogen bonds join complementary base pairs of the 2 strands of the double helix to form the rungs of the DNA ladder

5 The strands are anti-parallel so that one strand has its phosphate group at the top & hydroxyl on the bottom of the strand, while the other is oriented oppositely.

Watson and Crick were the first to suggest that DNA is _____.

1. a short molecule2. the shape of a

double helix3. a protein molecule4. the genetic material

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