Dna flipbook

TRANSCRIPTION AND TRANSLATION.

BY: KARA KUNSELMAN

STEPS OF TRANSCRIPTION: (OCCURS IN THE

NUCLEUS.)

• 1. RNA polymerase causes the DNA to unwind and unzip.

• 2. RNA polymerase goes to the promoter region.

• 3. RNA Polymerase reads the DNA and creates mRNA.

• 4. RNA Polymerase hits the stop codon and lets the mRNA go.

• 5. The mRNA leaves the nucleus and enters into the cytoplasm.

Nucleus of the

cell

DNA is in a double helix

shape

RNA polymerase getting

ready to separate the DNA

A T

C G

A T

A

A

A

A

A

A

c

c

c

c

c

cT

T

T

T

T

T

G

G

G

G

G

G

Hydrogen Bonds

Sugar Phosphate Backbone

The promoter regionRNA Polymerase will bind tightly to this region.

A

T

C

G A

T G

C

A

T

C

G

T

A

G

C

A

T

C

G

RNA Polymerase getting ready to bond.

Coding Region :RNA Polymerase will read the DNA and create

mRNA.

A

T

C

G A

T G

C

A

T

C

G

T

A

G

C

A

T

C

G

RNA POLYMERASE

Coding Region Continued:

A

U

C T G A C T G A C

RNA POLYMERASE


A

U

C T G A C T G A C

RNA POLYMERASE

G


A

U

C T G A C T G A

RNA POLYMERASE

G A


A

U

C T G A C T G A

RNA POLYMERASE

G A C


A

U

C T G A C T G A

RNA POLYMERASE

G A C U


A

U

C T G A C T G A

RNA POLYMERASE

G A C U G


A

U

C T G A C T G A

RNA POLYMERASE

G A C U G A


A

U

C T G A C T G A

RNA POLYMERASE

G A C U G A C


A

U

C T G A C T G A

RNA POLYMERASE

G A C U G A C U

The mRNA Strand is created:

AUG GUC AGU CCA UUA GCA AAC CAG UCU UAA

Starting CodonTermination sequence

The mRNA strand will move through the Nuclear Pore:

A T

C G

A T

A

A

A

A

A

A

c

c

c

c

c

cT

T

T

T

T

T

G

G

G

G

G

G

The mRNA strand.

The Nuclear Pore

STEPS OF TRANSLATION: (OCCURS IN THE

CYTOPLASM.)

• 1. The rRNA will form ribosomes.

• 2. The mRNA will bind to a ribosome, and it will be read.

• 3. The tRNA will check the mRNA for any mistakes, and then it

will transfer the amino acids.

• 4. The amino acids that are attached to the tRNA will bind with

peptide bonds.

• 5. The ribosome will hit the stop codon and finish the protein.

Inside of the cytoplasm:

RNARibosomes


mRNA binding to a ribosome:Ribosome

tRNA anti-codon

U A C

Met

mRNA strand bases

Amino Acid

Start Codon


tRNA checking for mistakes and transferring the

amino acids:

Ribosome

tRNA anti-codon

U A C

Met

mRNA strand bases

Amino acids

C A G

Val


tRNA checking for mistakes and transferring the amino

acids continued:Ribosome

tRNA anti-codon

U A C

mRNA strand bases

Amino acids

C A G

Val

U C A

Met Ser

Peptide bonds

(The amino acids also start binding with the peptide bonds.)


The amino acids binding with the peptide bonds:

Ribosome

tRNA anti-codon

U A C

mRNA strand bases

Amino acids

C A G

Val

U C A

Met Ser

Peptide bonds

G G U

Pro


The amino acids binding with the peptide bonds continued:

Ribosome

tRNA anti-codon

U A C

mRNA strand bases

Amino acids

C A G

Val

U C A

Met Ser

Peptide bonds

G G U

Pro

A A U

Leu



Ribosome

tRNA anti-codon

U A C

mRNA strand bases

Amino acids

C A G

Val

U C A

Met Ser

Peptide bonds

G G U

Pro

A A U

Leu

C G U

Ala



Ribosome

tRNA anti-codon

U A C

mRNA strand bases

Amino acids

C A G

Val

U C A

Met Ser

Peptide bonds

G G U

Pro

A A U

Leu

C G U

Ala

U U G

Asn


The amino acids binding with the peptide bonds continued:Ribosome

tRNA anti-codon

U A C

mRNA strand bases

Amino acids

C A G

Val

U C A

Met Ser

Peptide bonds

G G U

Pro

A A U

Leu

C G U

Ala

U U G

Asn

G U C

Gi

n



Ribosome

tRNA anti-codon

U A C

mRNA strand bases

Amino acids

C A G

Val

U C A

Met Ser

Peptide bonds

G G U

Pro

A A U

Leu

C G U

Ala

U U G

Asn

G U C

Gi

nA G A

Ser


The ribosome will hit the stop codon and finish the protein:

Ribosome

tRNA anti-codon

U A C

mRNA strand bases

Amino acids

C A G

Val

U C A

Met Ser

Peptide bonds

G G U

Pro

A A U

Leu

C G U

Ala

U U G

Asn

G U C

Gi

nA G A

Ser

A U U

Stop

Stop Codon

ValMet Ser Pro Leu Ala Asn Gi

n

Ser Stop

The ten amino acids:

The completed protein:

Val

Met

Ser ProLeu

Ala

Asn

Gi

n

Ser

Stop

Peptide Bonds

Amino Acids

Steps of Translation and Transcription Summarized:

1. RNA polymerase causes the DNA to unwind and unzip.

2. RNA polymerase goes to the promoter region.

3. RNA Polymerase reads the DNA and creates mRNA.

4. RNA Polymerase hits the stop codon and lets the mRNA go.

5. The mRNA leaves the nucleus and enters into the

cytoplasm.

6. The rRNA will form ribosomes.

7. The mRNA will bind to a ribosome, and it will be read.

8. The tRNA will check the mRNA for any mistakes, and then it

will transfer the amino acids.

9. The amino acids that are attached to the tRNA will bind with

peptide bonds.

10. The ribosome will hit the stop codon and finish the protein.

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Dna flipbook