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AN ENCRYPTION SCHEME USING DNA TECHNOLOGY
ByDept. of Control of Science & Engineering, Houzang Uni. China
Delivered By
BILAL TANOLI
SCHEME OF PRESENTATION
Introduction to DNAStructure of DNAWhy DNA Computing …?Polymerase Chain Reaction(PCR)DNA Digital CodingEncryption SchemeConclusion
INTRODUCTION TO DNA
DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid)
DNA represents the genetic blueprint of living creatures
DNA is organized into chromosomes , which are present within the nuclei of the cells.
A gene is a segment of DNA on a chromosome that codes for a specific protein and thus determines a trait.
STRUCTURE OF THE DNA
DNA is made of 2 long strands of nucleotides arranged in a specific way called the "Complementry Rule”
Sides”Sugar-phosphate backbones
“ladders”complementary base pairsAdenine & ThymineGuanine & Cytosine
STRUCTURE OF DNA
Two strands are held together by weak hydrogen bonds between the complementary base pairs
GENETIC DIVERSITY
Different arrangements of NUCLEOTIDES in a nucleic acid (DNA) provides the key to DIVERSITY among living organisms.
WHY DNA COMPUTING…?
Limitations of Moor’s law
Life cycle of silicon chip will come to an end.
Intel scientists say it will happen in about the year 2018
Require a successor to silicon.
WHY DNA COMPUTING…?
It provides massive parallel processing.
Huge storage capability.
A super computer can achieve 10^12 ops /sec. In sharp contrast the DNA computers can achieve speeds up to 10^17 ops/ sec.
POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION (PCR)
The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is scientific technique in molecular biology to amplify a single or a few copies of a piece of DNA across several orders of magnitude, generating thousands to millions of copies a particular DNA sequence.
DNA DIGITAL CODING binary digital coding has a base of 2, and
anything can be encoded by two state 0 or 1 DNA Digital Coding has four kinds of bases,
which are adenine (A) and thymine (T) or cytosine (C) and guanine (G) in DNA sequence.
The simplest coding patterns to encode the 4nucleotide bases (A, T, C, G) is by means of 4digits: 0(00),1(01), 2(10), 3(11).
DNA DIGITAL CODING
DNA digital coding follows a Watson-Crick complementary rule i.e. (~0)=1, and (~1=0) .
According to this complementary rule, DNA digital code 0(00) complements to 3(11) and 1(01) complements to 2(10).
ENCRYPTION SCHEME
Key Generation
The message-sender Alice designs a forward primer for PCR amplification & sends it to bob
Bob also designs a reverse primer for PCR amplification and transmits it to Alice over a secure channel.
ENCRYPTION SCHEME
The exchange of pair of PCR primers gives:
Encryption key KA that is a pair of PCR primers
Bob’s public key e, decryption key KB that is a pair of PCR
primers Bob’s secret key d.
ENCRYPTION
PRETREATMENT DATA PROCESS Convert plain text to hexadecimal Convert hexadecimal into binary plain text M’. M’ is converted into the binary cipher text C’ by
using Bob’s public key e. Binary cipher text C’ is converted into DNA
sequence according to the DNA digital coding technology.
secrete-message DNA sequence is placed among dummies.
DECRYPTION
Bob picks up the secret-message DNA sequence by using the correct primer pairs.
Bob translates the secret-message DNA sequence into the binary ciphertext C ‘.
C’ is decrypted into M ‘by using secret key e.
Applying data post treatment on M’ gives M.
CONCLUSION
Technologies used in this scheme: DNA synthesis. PCR amplification DNA digital coding . Traditional cryptography.Security ConcernsPCR two primer pairs used as keyComplex biological operationsCryptographic algorithms