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DNA & CRIME. ARRESTEE DNA DATABASES. National Conference of State Legislatures Annual Meeting. Presented by Lisa Hurst Gordon Thomas Honeywell Governmental Affairs. Atlanta, Georgia August 14, 2013. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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DNA & CRIMEARRESTEE DNA DATABASES
Presented by Lisa HurstGordon Thomas Honeywell Governmental Affairs
Atlanta, GeorgiaAugust 14, 2013
National Conference of State LegislaturesAnnual Meeting
I am not an advocate for frequent changes in laws or constitutions, but laws and institutions must go hand in hand with the progress of the human mind. As that becomes more developed, more enlightened, as new discoveries are made, new truths discovered, and manners and opinions change, with the change of circumstances, institutions must advance also to keep pace with the times.
Maryland v. King• 2009 Arrest for 1st degree felony
assault. Pleads down to 2nd degree assault (misdemeanor.)
• 2009 CODIS match to 2003 rape.
2003 rapeBroke down the door of at a 52 year old woman’s homeWore hat and scarf on faceRaped victim, holding a gun to her head
Prior Record1996 (13) – assault, battery and child abuse2001 (18) – 2nd degree assault (convicted)2002 (19) – possession w/intent to distribute (convicted on possession)2003 (20) - 2nd degree assault (convicted)2007 (24) – 1st degree burglary
Held: When officers make an arrest supported by probable cause to hold for a serious offense and bring the suspect to the station to be detained in custody, taking and analyzing a cheek swab of the arrestee’s DNA is, like fingerprinting and photographing, a legitimate police booking procedure that is reasonable under the Fourth Amendment.
KING V. MARYLANDUS SUPREME COURT: FINAL RULING
UNITED STATESLEGISLATIVE HISTORY
ALL CONVICTED FELONS LEGISLATION
1999 – 5 states2003 – 27 states2008 – 42 states2011 – 50 states
ARRESTEE LEGISLATION
1999 – 1 state2006 – 7 states
2012 – 25 states
STRUCTURE OF CODIS
SDISSTATE DNA
INDEX SYSTEMGeorgia
Bureau of Investigation
Oklahoma State Bureau of Investigation
Tulsa
LDISLOCAL DNA
INDEX SYSTEM
Oklahoma City
NDISNATIONAL DNA INDEX SYSTEM
HOW IT WORKS
CODIS DNA ProfileThis is the only information in CODIS
1) LabXYZ = Originating Laboratory IdentifierLaboratory XYZ
2) 0012152 = Specimen ID # Sequential number automatically generated upon entry into CODIS
3) 06,09,11,12,10,10,22,24,9.3,10,08,09,14,14,15,17,17,22,25,12,12,9,10,09,13
4) DHL = Analyst Identifier
LabXYZ001215206,09,11,12,10,10,22,24,9.3,10,08,09,14,14,15,17,17,22,25,12,12,9,10,09,13DHL
= STR Type
Missing Persons
Convicted & Arrested
Offenders
UnidentifiedHuman Remains
Relatives of Missing Persons
Forensic / Crime Scene
STRUCTURE OF CODISAVAILABLE INDEXES
STRUCTURE OF CODISWHO HAS ACCESS?
DNA CRIME LABSAccreditedNDIS ApprovedNo Private LabsOnly personnel meeting specified clearance
LAW ENFORCEMENTState, Local, Federal
HOMELAND SECURITY OTHERHealthEmployerPublic
Expungement Process
• Federal law mandates expungement provision as condition of participating in CODIS.
• State Lab deletes profile from SDIS and from offline database, and destroys sample.
• NDIS will automatically delete corresponding profile at next update.
• EVEN IF NDIS DOES NOT UPDATE, state’s removal of profile from offline database will leave no way to identify profile.
• Regular audits by the Office of the Inspector General ensure compliance.
STRUCTURE OF CODISGET ME OUT OF HERE!
ARRESTEE DNA LAWSWho is Included:
Sex, Violent, Burglary felonies (9)All felony arrests (15)Sex & Violent felonies (3)
Collection after charges / indictment (2)
Collection at Booking / probable cause (21)
Collection at Booking, Analysis/Upload later (5)
ARRESTEE DNA LAWS The Where and When
Where are samples collectedAutomatic Expungement (7)
Expungement on request (20)
When is expungement
OSBI Matches 2010 – 2011: Qualifying Offense
FI$CAL NOTE$Recurring Costs:
PersonnelKits and Analysis
Non-Recurring CostsAnalysis MachinesRoboticsSpace
Sample Management SystemsDuplicate CollectionLaboratory trackingExpungement
MISSOURI INDIANA(in-house/outsource) COLORADO NORTH CAROLINA
COLLECTION KIT $5 / $18.25* $5.15 $6.00
ANALYSIS $31.20 $19.00 / $29.00 $26.00 (outsource)
MAINTENANCE $2.00 / $0
TOTAL $31.20 $26 / $47.25 unclear $30.00
FEDERAL FUNDINGTHE “OTHER” DEBBIE SMITH
THE DEBBIE SMITH DNA BACKLOG ELIMINATION ACT (2004)
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013$0
$10
$20
$30
$40
$50
$60
$70
$80
$90
Backlog Grant
For Casework AND Offender Samples AND Capacity Enhancement
Allowable uses include: analysis, equipment, personnel (overtime and new hires), maintenance, validation, training
Formula grant for all accredited state and state local DNA labs
FEDERAL FUNDINGTHE “OTHER” DEBBIE SMITH
THE KATIE SEPICH ENHANCED DNA COLLECTION ACT (2012)
Encourages state arrestee DNA laws by providing grants to cover first-year costs
Up to $10 million per year will be available
ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA• Arrestee law must apply to most violent crimes AND burglary• Arrestees must be notified in writing of expungement rights• Expungement process must be posted on a public website• Make expungement decisions within 90 days of request, and
provide written response
ONLY for grant years 2014 and 2015
OSBI Matches 2010 – 2011: Crime “Solved”California Department of Justice: Survey of 100 matches to Murder Rape and Robbery
OSBI Matches 2010 – 2011: Crime “Solved”California Department of Justice: Survey of 100 matches to Murder Rape and Robbery
OSBI Matches 2010 – 2011: Crime “Solved”California Department of Justice: Survey of 100 matches to Murder Rape and Robbery