Upload
q4413
View
222
Download
0
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
8/3/2019 DMS Lecture 1
1/21
Dimensions of Modern Strategy
IR-505
Syed Muhammad Ali
Department of International RelationsNDU
2011
8/3/2019 DMS Lecture 1
2/21
Objectives
This is a Core IR Course which is aimed at
introducing the students of International Relations
to the basic conceptual framework of strategy and
its relationship and significance for statecraft.
This will be followed by a brief exposure to selected
Classical works on strategic thought, its theoreticaland practical aspects and finally understanding its
various modern and evolving dimensions.
8/3/2019 DMS Lecture 1
3/21
Requirement
The Students are expected to not only develop
an understanding of the relationship between
statecraft, national interests, policy and the
diverse range of available and possible
strategic means to pursue them but also to
critically appreciate the relationship between
politics and the use of both soft and hardpower.
8/3/2019 DMS Lecture 1
4/21
Teaching Methodology
The students are encouraged to consult a variety of
contemporary and classical texts and develop an
understanding of the modern strategic issues by actively
engaging in academic debates in the form of Classparticipation, presentations, group Discussions and by
also writing book reviews of relevant and credible
literary works on strategic affairs and issues.
8/3/2019 DMS Lecture 1
5/21
Course Structure
The Course is structured into the following six thematic
sections (2-3 weeks each):
1.Strategy: Theoretical & Conceptual Framework 2.Introduction & Interpretation of Classics
3.Conventional Strategy and Evolution of Joint-Warfare
4.Contemporary Approaches to Strategic Affairs
5.Issues affecting Grand Strategy
6.Future of Strategy & Warfare
8/3/2019 DMS Lecture 1
6/21
Assessment Criteria
Surprise test/Quiz: 10 Marks
Book Review + Presentation: 20 Marks
Mid-Term Written Exam: 20 Marks Class Participation + Group Discussion:
10 Marks
Final Written Exam: 90 Marks
Total marks: 150 Marks
8/3/2019 DMS Lecture 1
7/21
Man, State and War
by
Kenneth N. Waltz
8/3/2019 DMS Lecture 1
8/21
Concept of Victory
8/3/2019 DMS Lecture 1
9/21
War: Relationship between Means & Ends?
Are victory and defeat mutually exclusive
Concepts?
Is total victory possible in 20th century
warfare?
Is war more avoidable today than before?
Is the relationship between means and endsmore proportionate today than before?
8/3/2019 DMS Lecture 1
10/21
Relationship between Past & Present
Frequency of wars
Are wars increasing or decreasing?
Destructiveness of wars
Are Wars becoming more destructive than
before?
Justness of Wars
Are Wars more just today than before?
8/3/2019 DMS Lecture 1
11/21
Top Ten Most Destructive Wars
60,000,00072,000,000 - World War II (19391945)
36,000,000 - An Shi Rebellion (China, 755763)
30,000,00060,000,000 - Mongol Conquests (13th century)
25,000,000 - Qing dynasty conquest of Ming dynasty
(16161662) 20,000,000 - World War I (19141918)
20,000,000 - Taiping Rebellion (China, 18501864)
20,000,000 - Second Sino-Japanese War (19371945)
10,000,000 - Warring States Era (China, 475 BC221 BC) 8,000,00012,000,000 - Dungan revolt (China, 18621877)
7,000,000 - 20,000,000 - Conquests of Tamerlane (13701405)
8/3/2019 DMS Lecture 1
12/21
Is Peace less desired today than before?
Are there ways not yet tried to achieve peace
today?
What is the relationship between leadership
and peace?
Is it an issue of will or capability?
8/3/2019 DMS Lecture 1
13/21
What are the causes of War?
Are they different today than before?
How & Why?
8/3/2019 DMS Lecture 1
14/21
If we are all equally good or bad then why
the Holier than thou attitude towards
others? Why disease, exploitation, injustice, hatred, theft,
murder are constants in human history in allreligions, races, nations and parts of the world?
Is war simply mass male violence?
Means and ends: What is their relationship?
Nature or nurture?
8/3/2019 DMS Lecture 1
15/21
Economic & Political dimensions of
Warfare
Clausewitz: Is war a means for the political elite to pursue theirends?
What is peace? Is it the acceptance of exploitation of the poor andpowerless by the elite both at inter-state and intra state levels?
Is peace the acceptance of defeat by the weak at the hands of themighty?
Is war a violent pursuit of justice by the weak to change the statusquo?
What is Human nature? Rousseaus argument
8/3/2019 DMS Lecture 1
16/21
Significance of Fear & authority in War and
Peace
Relationship between fear and peace
Relationship between authority and peace
Relationship between actors (individuals) andstructures (institutions) and consequences for
War and peace
Relationship between State and theinternational system
8/3/2019 DMS Lecture 1
17/21
International conflicts
Revisit Nature or Nurture debate
States and Bad States model (Plato & Kant and
Liberal School of thought)
Systemic Characteristics (Marxism, Rousseau)
A Behaviour designed more to stay out of
harms way itself rather than to harm others(e.g; doctrine of prevention)
A question of Trust/Faith: A natural trait?
8/3/2019 DMS Lecture 1
18/21
What is better for World peace : one
power or many?
What is the Relationship between internal and
international peace?
Is the balance or power a necessary lesser evil
as compared to a centralist authoritarian world
international government
(e.g; rule of a single super power or a single
world organization like UN etc?
Negotiation or Compromise?
8/3/2019 DMS Lecture 1
19/21
Approaches towards World Peace
Internal: Improving State systems &
Structures (Liberal approach)
External: Improving its relations with other
states by resolving conflicts. (Realist
Approach: Machiavelli, Hobbes and Rousseau
etc)
8/3/2019 DMS Lecture 1
20/21
Wilsonian approach: Does War depend
upon the type of government?
Good states (democratic)
Bad States (Authoritarian) Neutral States (Interest based uncertainty.)
(E.g; Napoleonic wars and World Wars
experience)
8/3/2019 DMS Lecture 1
21/21
Democracies dont go to wars: Liberal
School of Thought?
Can a government controlled by its people be preventedfrom taking the state to war?
Is it true that some states go to wars and others dont?
Can a peaceful form of state be created? Will globalization promote peace or conflict? (e.g;
Eisenhowers argument)
Significance of perception, hatred, knowledge about
others for peace and conflict (e.g; class ridden society,education system etc.)
What is better for peace: Uniformity or diversity?