DIVERSITY OF MEDICINAL PLANT

IN SAVANNA BEKOL

AT BALURAN NATIONAL PARK

TO SUPPORT HUMAN WELFARE

Dona Octavia1 dan Susi Andriani2

1Centre for Forests Conservation and Rehabilitation R&D-Bogor

2Forestry Research Institute-Banjarbaru

Back Ground Grazing area serves as:

food supplier for animal (especially large ruminantia)

center of animal activity (mating, parenting, raising children and other social interaction).

habitat of various plant species (including medicinal plant species)

The use of natural medicine derived from nature is considered

be a more prudent alternative considering the greater the side

effects caused by the consumption of modern medicine today

Inventory of medicinal plants will help to determine the

potency of its biological and economical value besides

improving the function of the national parks as a source of

germ plasm.

By knowing medicinal plants species and their benefits, it

will facilitate choice in the cultivation of medicinal plants in

providing medicinal supplies to support human welfare.

In Savanna Bekol, many species of medicinal plants was

found, but its potency is not known yet.

Objective

to determine the diversity and potency of

medicinal plants quantitatively in Savanna

Bekol at Baluran National Park.

METHODS

1. Determination of Size and Number of Sample Plots

2. Data Analysis: Density (D), Relative Density (RD),

Frequency (F), Relative Frequency (RF), and

Important Value Index (IVI), to describe domination

of one species in forest stand or certain area

3. Determination of Medicinal Plant Species,

after doing inventory to all existing plant

species in research area by literature study.

Location

Savanna Bekol, Baluran National Park

which is administratively located in

Banyuputih District,

Situbondo Sub Province, East Java

Medicinal Plant Diversity at Bekol Savannah Area

RESULTS

No. Species Part of the plant

used Function

1. Jarong (Achyranthes

aspera Linn.)

Family :

Amaranthaceae

root, all part of the

plant

Treating fever, malaria, tonsils inflamation (tonsillitis),

pneumonia, mumps, rheumatism, renal infections,

menstrual pain, vomiting blood, urinary blood,

facilitate childbirth and urinary stones

(Sudono, 2006).

2. Pegagan (Centella

asiatica Urban.)

Family: Apiaceae

All part of the

plant

Treating hepatitis, measles, fever, tonsillitis,

sore throat; bronchitis, ureter stones and

infection, red eyes, hemorrhoids; poisoning,

vomiting blood, coughing blood, nosebleeds,

wormy, leprosy (Dalimartha, 1999).

3. Kakacangan (Cajanus cajan)* /pigeon pea Family: Fabaceae

Fruit Contains alkaloids, can be pounded and

made as salad

4. Pilang (Acacia leucophloea) Family: Fabaceae

contains diterpenoids,

as an analgesic and antipyretic

5. Sawi Langit (Vernonia cinerea (L.) Less.) Family: Asteraceae

All part of the

plant, fresh or

dried

Treating fever, cough, dysentery, hepatitis,

tired; insomnia, abdominal pain, cancer

(Cholies, 1982)

6. Salimbagat/jerukan (Capparis micracantha DC) Family: Caparidaceae

Root, bark Abdominal pain, cleansing the uterus after

childbirth, asthma, bronchitis, ulcer,

laxative

(Anonymous, 2005)

7. Pedang-pedangan (Cleome rutidosperma) Family: Caparidaceae

as analgesics (Bose et al., 2004)

8. Kangkung darat (Ipomoea triloba) Family: Convulvulaceae

Seed

Containing ergolin alkaloids (Anonymous,

2006)

9. Meniran hijau (Phylanthus debilis) Family: Euphorbiaceae

Treat hepatitis B (Anonymous, 1990)

10. Meniran merah

(Phylanthus urinaria)

Family: Euphorbiacea

Treat urinary stones, gonorrhea, renal pain, fever,

diarrhea and as urine laxative (Anonymous, 1990)

11. Patikan Kebo

(Euphorbia hirta)

Family: Euphorbiaceae

Leaf Treat pharyngitis, bronchitis, asthma, dysentery,

gastritis; diarrhea, urinary blood, inflammation of the

mammary glands, breast swelling, and eczema

(Johnson et al., 1999)

12. Jarak pagar (Jatropha

curcas)*/ physic nut

Family:Euphorbiaceae

Leaf and stem anthelmintic drugs, abdominal bloating and wound

remedy (Heyne, 1987; Wahyudi, 2004)

13. Akasia berduri (Acacia

nilotica)* / black thorn Family: Fabaceae

Treat pharyngitis, pneumonia, influenza, abdominal

pains, toothache, gonorrhea, diarrhea and dysentery

(Forestry department, 1993).

14. Kekosongan (Moghania macrophylla)

Family: Fabaceae

Flower and fruit as an anti-fertility medicine and antimicrobials against

fungi and bacteria (Anonymous, 2006)

15. Tarum (Indigofera

sumatrana) Family: Fabaceae

Leaf and root As ulcer medicine (Depkes, 2001 )

17. Kedelaian (Clidemia hirta) Family: Fabaceae

To treat dermatitis (Leishmania braziliensis)

(Franca and others,1996)

18. Putri malu (Mimosa pudica L.)* Family: Mimosaceae

as a sedative, sputum laxative (ekspektorant),

urine laxative (diuretic), cough medicines

(antitussives), to treat bronchitis, fever and

anti-inflammatory (Anonymous, 2005)

19. Rumput Mutiara (Hedyotis corymbosa (L.] Lamk.) Family: Rubiaceae

All part of the

plant, either fresh

or dried

To treat tonsillitis, bronchitis, mumps,

pneumonia, appendicitis; hepatitis, pelvic

inflammation, urinary infections, abscess,

ulcers, breast cancer, hot relievers, anti-

inflammatory, diuretic, activate blood

circulation (Dalimartha, 1999).

20. Egg plant (Solanum melongena) Family : Solanaceae

Fruit As a salad or cooked and contain lots of

vitamins

1. Ambrette/Kapasan (Thespesia lampas)

Leaf, flower and seed as insecticides.

Essential oil ingredients in root as an

insecticide and larvacide

antipyretic, diuretic, anti-inflammatory, and expedite suppuration

expenditure. Roots: to treat high fever, cough, constipation, and

urinary stones. Seeds: to overcome headache (Dalimartha, 1999).

Root has potency as the free radical scavenging. Its root juice has

been used in various ailments and as health tonic. Roots and fruit are

used to treat gonorrhea and syphilis in India. Flowers are marketed in

India as a remedy for skin diseases (Sangameswaran et al., 2009.).

It can reduce lipid levels as anti-hyperlipidaemic

Root,seed, leaf and flower

2. Sweet Basil/Selasih (Ocimum basilicum Linn.),

Essential oils content in its leaf as larvacide and

juvenile hormon inhibit mosquito (Anopheles

aconitus) larvae growth, to eradicate the fruit flies,

aphids, red spider and mite.

Its ash can be used to repel mosquito attack.

Bronchitis, cough, sore throat, headache, abdominal

cramps, nausea, wound and as an antiseptic

All part of the plant

3. Neem/Mimba (Azadirachta indica A. Juss)

Effective againts insect and has a potential for pest

control including as:

mosquito repellent,

helminthic for cattle,

prevent pests in foods during storage,

an insecticide to eradicate grasshopper pests in rice

antifeedant and anti-microorganism

bactericide and fungicide

To treat diarrhea, respiratory disease, skin disease,

burns, infection, white spots, tooth ache and malaria

4. Milkweed/Widuri (Calotropis gigantea R.Br.)

its leaf and root functioned as insecticide.

its leaf extract can be used to eradicate mosquitoes

(Aedes aegypti).

its stem sap can be used to kill flies (Musca domestica).

Leaf and root

Treating scabies and cough

5. Tropical White Weed/Babadotan (Ageratum conyzoides)

Its leaf extract is functioned as larvasida which

can eradicate mosquito (Aedes aegypti) larvae.

Eradicating the mahogany shoot borer

(Lepidoptera)

Treating abdominal pain, influenza and fever,

diarrhea, rheumatism, convulsions/cramp, wounds

and burns, hemorrhoids, arthrosis, antibacterial and

as a tonic

6. Pig Grass/Nodeweed/Legetan (Synedrella nodiflora) Functions as an insecticide

to eradicate the pest of Spodoptera litura, which

is a kind of moth, which has been resistant to some

synthetic pesticides.

Treating colic, rheumatism and liniment Leaf

Leaf, all part of the plant

7. Lantana Weed/Wild Sage/Tembelekan

(Lantana camara Linn.)

as insecticide

to eradicate the mahogany shoot borer (Lepidoptera)

treating skin diseases and as an

antiseptic for wound

Leaf

Management of Medicinal Plants

to Support Human Welfare

Many kinds of medicinal plant species in Savana Bekol

area provide opportunities for a more optimal

utilization.

In starting the cultivation of medicinal plants, in

addition to the need for clear information regarding to

the part of the plant used and its dosage, characteristics

of medicinal plant species itself needs attention.

Medicinal plants benefit for human welfare

improved access to primary healthcare

enhanced livelihood security

potentially sustainable use of the biodiversity

improved benefit sharing with local communities

Be careful to Invasive species:

Acacia nilotica, Thespesia lampas, Jatropha curcas, Cajanus cajan,

Sida rhombifolia, Mimosa pudica and Lantana camara is not

recommended to be cultivated because based on the results of Weed

Risk Assessment (WRA), they are considered in category 'rejected' with

the WRA score > 5.

the promotion of sustainable management of medicinal

plants can help the biodiversity rich countries to meet the

international obligations such as the Convention on

Biological Diversity (CBD)

Conclusion

There were 27 species out of 38 species (71% of total existing

species) had been identified at Savanna Bekol in Baluran National

Park that serve as medicinal plants.

Characteristics of medicinal plants, especially invasive species

categories have to be known before doing the cultivation activities in

providing medicine supplies.

The existence of Savanna Bekol will give a beneficial impact in

supplying ingredients of medicine if managed properly in order to

support human welfare.

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