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Non Vascular Plants
• Lack vascular tissue (tubelike structures that carry food,
water and nutrients) for transporting materials.• Characteristics:– Low-growing- b/c not tissue to support or
transport materials– Thin cell wall- so can’t grow more than a few cm
tall– No root- has rhizoids- anchors plant & absorbs
water & nutrients
Non Vascular Plants: Examples• Mosses
– More than 10,000 species– Rhizoids anchor the moss and absorb water & nutrients– Grows a long, slender stalk with a capsule at the end – Capsule (cell capable of surviving unfavorable conditions & then
growing into a new organism) contains spores for reproduction
Non Vascular Plants: ExamplesLiverworts
• Human liver shape• More than 8,000 species• Found growing as thick
crust on moist rocks or soil along sides of stream
Hornworts• Horn-like, curved structures• Fewer than 100 species• Usually live in moist soil or
mixed in with grass plants
Seedless Vascular Plants• Have Vascular Tissue (Tall)–Can grow tall b/c they can effectively
transport materials throughout the plant– Strengthens the plants’ body and gives
stability/ also has strong cell walls
• Reproduce by releasing spores
Seedless Vascular Plants• Two types of vascular tissue–Phloem: vascular tissue through which
food moves within some plants–Xylem: vascular tissue though which
water and minerals move within some plants
Examples of Seedless Vascular Plants• Ferns- more than 12, 000 species alive today– Range in size – tiny up to 5 meters tall– Thrives in shaded areas & moist soil– Some green all year round & some turn brown in fall
then regrow in spring• Structure- stems, roots, leaves– Stems- most grow underground– leaves- upward from top of stem– Roots- downward from bottom of stem– Frond- ferns’ leaves- coated with a cuticle (waxy
coating) that helps plant retain moisture
Examples of Seedless Vascular Plants• Club Mosses & Horsetails– Have true stems, roots, leaves– Few species alive today
• Club Mosses– Not true moss b/c have vascular tissue– Found in moist woodlands & near streams
• Horsetails– Only 30 species alive today– In Colonial times Americans used to scrub pots & pans
Seed Plants• Seed plants
– Outnumber seedless plants 10 to 1– We eat them, wear clothes made from them, homes built
out of them, they produce oxygen
• 2 Important characteristics– Have vascular tissue– Have pollen & seeds to reproduce
• Other characteristics– Roots, stems, leaves– Most live on land: challenges- standing upright & supplying all
cells with food & water (job of vascular tissue)
Giant Sequoia
Seed Plants: Pollen & Seeds• Can live in a variety of environments (unlike
seedless plants)• Need water for fertilization to occur• Produce pollen- tiny structures that contain
the cells that will later become sperm cells• Pollen- delivers sperm cells to egg cells • Sperm cell Fertilizes egg cell SEED develops• Seed- structure that contains a young plant
inside a protective covering
Seed Plants: Gymnosperms
• Gymnosperm- a seed plant that produces “naked” seeds (not enclosed by a protective fruit)
• Many have needlelike or scale like leaves• Deep growing root systems• Oldest type of seed plant
Seed Plants: Gymnosperms• 4 Types
– Cyads: in tropical/subtropical
ex-palm trees
– Conifers: “cone bearing” ex- evergreens
– Ginkgoes: Ginkgo biloba (last species alive, Chinese & Japanese cared for it in gardens)
– Gnetophytes: hot desert/tropical regions, some trees, shrubs and vines
Seed Plants: Angiosperms
• Flowering Plants– Produce flowers– Produce seeds enclosed in fruits– Live almost everywhere on Earth (jungles, arctic,
deserts, ocean’s edge, ect…)– 2 types: monocotyledon and dicotyledon
Seed Plants: AngiospermsMONOCOT DICOT
SEED 1 seed leaf 2 seed leaves
LEAF Parallel veins Branched veins
FLOWER Floral parts in multiples of 3
Floral parts in 4 or 5
STEM Vascular tissue scattered in stems
Vascular tissue patterned in a ring around center
ROOT Many roots spread out 1 main root- tap root