10/5/2016

1

Diversity of Life:

Animal Kingdom

Lessons 4 & 5

Vertebrates

7th Grade Science Class Notes & Activities

Lesson 4: Vertebrates - Read pages 155-157 to complete this section.

(A) What phylum includes vertebrates, or animals with a backbone?

(B) At some point in their lives, all of these have:

1 - A ________________, which is a flexible rod that supports its back.

2 - A nerve cord, such as our __________ cord, to connect the

brain to nerves in the rest of the body

3 - Have _________ pouches, which become gills in some

animals or disappear before birth

(C) Most chordates have a backbone, or ________, and is made up of

many small bones called _________________.

(D) An ______________'s body temperature changes with temperature

changes in its environment, while an ______________ is able to produce

and regulate its own temperature.

NOTOCHORD

SPINAL

THROAT

SPINE

VERTEBRAE

ECOTHERM

ENDOTHERM

CHORDATES

COLD-BLOODED (ADD TO NOTES)

WARM-BLOODED (ADD TO NOTES)

The Shape of Life: Chordates

Glue the worksheet on page 14 FAF Left.

Complete the worksheet as you watch the video during class.

Your Turn - Which words will best fill in the

blanks?

Backbone Backwards Chimpanzees Dinosaurs Egg Fish Gill slits Humans

King Cobra Mammals Metabolism Monitor Lizard Muscles Nerve Notochord Salp

Skulls Speak Tunicates Venom Vertebrate Write

#5 – Do on your own as its not in the list!

ANSWER KEY – CORRECT ANY THAT YOU MISSED!

1. Describe each part of the Amphioxus.

a) The NERVE cord moves the nerve messages through the body

b) It has GILL SLITS to help it obtain oxygen under water.

c) It uses its segmented MUSCLES to move.

d) It has a NOTOCHORD that gives it shape and is the

precursor to the backbone in humans.

2. What is another term for a Chordate, or an animal with a

backbone? VERTEBRATE

3. What do we humans have in our skeleton that is similar to a

notochord? BACKBONE

4. Which has more genes: Amphioxus or humans? HUMANS

5. Why was the addition of more genes so important to the evolution

of Chordates? IT ALLOWED VERTEBRATES TO DEVELOP

SPECIALIZED STRUCTURES.

6. FISH were the first animals with bony and flexible jaws. They

also had SKULLS to protect the soft brain.

7. Chordates that filter (or siphon) water for food are called

TUNICATES, while the SALP strings together a long chain of

pearl-like strands.

8. The MONITOR LIZARD is one of the first Chordates that

flourished on land with their strong limbs and laid EGGS for

reproduction.

10/5/2016

2

9. The KING COBRA does not have limbs or legs but does have a

tongue and can slither over land. It injects VENOM into other

snakes and is able to "eat" it using its teeth that face BACKWARDS.

10. What vertebrates were the largest on land? DINOSAURS

11. What small furry creatures came after dinosaurs? MAMMALS

12. Warm-blooded animals have a higher METABOLISM, which

results in a higher need for food.

13. What specific group of primates acts and looks most like us?

CHIMPANZEES

14. Our large brains allow us to SPEAK and WRITE to pass down

knowledge from generation to generation.

Look on the back of the video

worksheet from yesterday …

As we watch the videos for this

unit, fill in the middle column

with examples for each and

then add information to the last

column that you think is

interesting or important.

Things to do …

1) Finish the rest of the note worksheet for tomorrow using

your textbook on Pearson Easy Bridge.

2) Check out the animal cams available on the Science Spot Kid

Zone.

Go to mrstomm.com 7th Science and scroll down for the link.

Lesson 5: Vertebrate Diversity - Read pages 158-163 to complete this

section.

(A) Fish are vertebrates that live in ___________ and use _______ to

move with most being cold-blooded (or ________________). Most of

them have_______________ and obtain ____________ through gills.

They have a ____-chambered heart.

(B) Fish are classified into three groups: _______________ fishes,

_____________________ fishes, and ____________ fishes. CARTILAGINOUS

JAWLESS

BONY

WATER

SCALES OXYGEN

ECOTHERM

FINS

3

Do you know …

What is our state fish?

Blue Gill

Examples of Fishes

Bony Fish

Bass

Trout

Hagfish

Jawless Fish

Lamprey Hagfish

Fish that have no jaws and no scales are

called JAWLESS fish. Their skeletons

are made of CARTILAGE, which is a

tissue that is more flexible than bone.

Cartilaginous Fish

Shark Sting Ray

Fish with jaws, scales, and skeletons made

of cartilage are called CARTILAGINOUS

fish. They are usually carnivores that eat

other animals for food.

A BONY fish has jaws, scales, a pocket that

holds the gills, and a skeleton made of hard

bone. They also have a SWIM BLADDER,

which is an internal gas-filled sac that helps

them stabilize at different depths in the water.

Eyewitness Fish

What did you add to your chart?

What questions do you have about fish? Let’s find some answers!

10/5/2016

3

(C) An _______________ is an ecothermic vertebrate that spends its

early life in water and adult life on land. They lay eggs in _________ and

have hearts with ___ chambers. While __________________ have

tails, most adult _________ and __________ do not.

WATER

FROGS

AMPHIBIAN

SALAMANDERS

TOADS

3

Eyewitness

Amphibians

Do you know … What is our state amphibian?

Eastern Tiger Salamander

What did you add to your chart?

What questions do you have about amphibians?

Let’s find some answers!

(D) A ______________ is an ecothermic vertebrate that has _________

skin, ___________ to breathe, and lays _______ on land. They usually

have a ____-chambered heart, but crocs have ____.

(E) How do reptiles keep water inside their bodies?

REPTILE

EGGS

SCALY

LUNGS 3 4

Thick skin to keep water inside their bodies

Kidneys to help them conserve water

Tough-shelled eggs to help keep water inside the egg for the

young

Do you know …

What is our state

reptile?

Painted Turtle

Add interesting info to your chart as you watch the video.

What questions do you have about reptiles? Let’s find some answers!

Reptiles

What questions do you have about reptiles? Let’s find some answers! F) A ___________ is an endothermic vertebrate that lays ______, has

____________ and a ____-chambered heart. They have wings with

_____________ and nearly ___________ bones to help them fly.

(G) Give an example of an adaptation that helps a bird survive in its

habitat.

Do you know … What is our state bird? Cardinal

BIRD EGGS

LUNGS 4

FEATHERS HOLLOW

Owls – Sharp vision and hearing helps them hunt at

night

Wild Turkeys – Use their “gobble”, tail feathers, and

head movement to attract females

Ostriches – Able to run at fast speeds to escape

from predators

Buntings – Uses its bill to eat seeds it finds

Bug Eaters (Swallows) – Able to catch insects while

it flies

10/5/2016

4

HOW DO BIRDS FLY?

Moving air exerts pressure and the

faster the air moves, the more pressure

it exerts. The difference in pressure

above and below the wings as a birds

moves through the air produces an

upwards force called lift. Birds also

have large muscles in their chest to

help with flight.

BERNOULLI EFFECT A famous investigator named Daniel Bernoulli

discovered that air flows faster over the top of

a curved wing than below the wing.

WHAT ARE THE THREE TYPES OF BIRD FLIGHT?

WHICH TYPE OF BIRD FLIGHT IS THE FASTEST?

FLAPPING, SOARING/GLIDING, and DIVING

DIVING Watch Eyewitness: Birds

& add information to your chart!

Add notes to your chart as you watch the video.

What questions do you have about birds? Let’s find some answers!

Birds

What questions do you have about birds? Let’s find some answers!