Diversity In The Fossil Diversity In The Fossil RecordRecord

By: Ashley Moore-RiveraBy: Ashley Moore-Rivera

How are fossils formed??How are fossils formed??

AmberAmber PermineralizationPermineralization FreezingFreezing DryingDrying AsphaltAsphalt CarbonizationCarbonization

Examples of fossils!Examples of fossils! AsphaltAsphalt AmberAmber

CarbonizationCarbonization PermineralizationPermineralization

Many people think of fossils as only dinosaur bones but there are many Many people think of fossils as only dinosaur bones but there are many more!!!more!!!

BonesBones TeethTeeth Hard shellsHard shells Impressions of plants or animals Impressions of plants or animals FootprintsFootprints HairHair

Can you think of any other types of fossils?Can you think of any other types of fossils?

Variety of fossils!Variety of fossils! Tyrannasaurus teethTyrannasaurus teeth BurrowBurrow

Alethopteris fern impressionAlethopteris fern impression Human footprint from 20,000 years Human footprint from 20,000 years agoago

Coprolite is a poop fossil!Coprolite is a poop fossil! Check out the size of that coprolite…WOW!!Check out the size of that coprolite…WOW!!

Evidence in the fossil recordEvidence in the fossil record

Transitional fossilsTransitional fossils– A transitional fossil is any fossil which A transitional fossil is any fossil which

gives us information about a transition gives us information about a transition from one species to another from one species to another

Vestigial structuresVestigial structures– A structure that is no longer used or A structure that is no longer used or

have greatly decreased in importance. have greatly decreased in importance.

Transitional fossil in the fossil Transitional fossil in the fossil recordrecord

snake (snake (HaasiophisHaasiophis

terrasanctusterrasanctus) -- a) -- a

snake with legs.snake with legs.

Snakes with Legs…Why??Snakes with Legs…Why??

VestigialVestigial legs are a legs are a clue that snakes clue that snakes descended from descended from lizards. Over 100 lizards. Over 100 million years ago, million years ago, some lizards some lizards happened to be born happened to be born with smaller legs, with smaller legs, which, in certain which, in certain environments, helped environments, helped them move about them move about unencumbered. unencumbered.

Transitional fossil in the fossil Transitional fossil in the fossil recordrecord

Whale: Ambulocetus natans means Whale: Ambulocetus natans means swimming whale who walks.swimming whale who walks.

Whales don’t walk they swim?Whales don’t walk they swim?

The The vestigialvestigial pelvis pelvis and femur bone found and femur bone found in modern day whales in modern day whales is evidence that the is evidence that the whale’s ancestors whale’s ancestors were land mammals.were land mammals.

How does the diversity in How does the diversity in the fossil record help the fossil record help

scientist?scientist?

The geological time scaleThe geological time scale

Geological Time ScaleGeological Time Scale To tell the age of most layered rocks, To tell the age of most layered rocks,

scientists study the fossils the rocks scientists study the fossils the rocks were found in. Fossils give evidence were found in. Fossils give evidence that helps determine what happened that helps determine what happened in history and when it happened.in history and when it happened.

Evidence from the fossil record:Evidence from the fossil record:Extinct OrganismsExtinct Organisms

Giant SlothsGiant Sloths Extinct ~1550 ADExtinct ~1550 AD

TrilobitesTrilobites Extinct ~250 million years agoExtinct ~250 million years ago

Oldest microfossil foundOldest microfossil found~3.6 billion years old~3.6 billion years old

William Schopf (UCLA)William Schopf (UCLA)

Microfossil of cyanobacteria-Microfossil of cyanobacteria-like organismlike organism

Found from the Apex Chert in Found from the Apex Chert in the Warrwoona group which the Warrwoona group which are mountains in western are mountains in western AustraliaAustralia

First Mulitcellular Fossil: First Mulitcellular Fossil: EukaryotesEukaryotes

First known fossils First known fossils ~1.5 Bya~1.5 Bya

Diversified rapidlyDiversified rapidly First multicellularFirst multicellular

fossils ~ 640 Myafossils ~ 640 Mya Most of these were Most of these were

soft-bodiedsoft-bodied

Ediacaran fossilsEdiacaran fossils610-542 million years ago610-542 million years ago

First First morphologically morphologically complex (shape, complex (shape, structure, color, structure, color, pattern ect…) pattern ect…) multicellular multicellular organismsorganisms

Life during the Cambrian epochLife during the Cambrian epoch(from the Burgess Shale ~540 mya)(from the Burgess Shale ~540 mya)

Anomalocaris Anomalocaris sketch & sketch & Anomalocaris Anomalocaris fossilfossil

Wiwaxia Wiwaxia sketch & sketch & Wiwaxia Wiwaxia fossilfossil

Hallucigenia Hallucigenia sketch & sketch & Hallucigenia Hallucigenia fossilfossil

Any Questions?Any Questions?

Work/Picture Cited PageWork/Picture Cited Page T-rex teeth:T-rex teeth: http://dsc.discovery.com/dinosaurs/dinosaur-pictures/t-rex-pictures/images/tyrannasaurus-teeth-fossil.jpghttp://dsc.discovery.com/dinosaurs/dinosaur-pictures/t-rex-pictures/images/tyrannasaurus-teeth-fossil.jpg Fern impression:Fern impression: http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.adonline.id.au/plantevol/images/http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.adonline.id.au/plantevol/images/

neuropteris.gif&imgrefurl=http://www.adonline.id.au/plantevol/tour/seed-ferns-neuropteris.gif&imgrefurl=http://www.adonline.id.au/plantevol/tour/seed-ferns-cordaites.php&usg=__vTAjwY6ykshkLZ9XsGc0I2sPidU=&h=109&w=147&sz=7&hl=en&start=2&tbnid=vBewXkFzORB1cordaites.php&usg=__vTAjwY6ykshkLZ9XsGc0I2sPidU=&h=109&w=147&sz=7&hl=en&start=2&tbnid=vBewXkFzORB1KM:&tbnh=70&tbnw=95&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dplant%2Bimpression%2Bfossil%26gbv%3D2%26hl%3DenKM:&tbnh=70&tbnw=95&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dplant%2Bimpression%2Bfossil%26gbv%3D2%26hl%3Den

Human footprint:Human footprint: http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://zinken.typepad.com/palaeo/weblog%2520zinken%2520australiahttp://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://zinken.typepad.com/palaeo/weblog%2520zinken%2520australia

%2520footprint.jpg&imgrefurl=http://zinken.typepad.com/palaeo/2005/12/%2520footprint.jpg&imgrefurl=http://zinken.typepad.com/palaeo/2005/12/human_ice_age_p.html&usg=__rjQoPpr2tqWkibcWeTbHwI4ohjs=&h=300&w=450&sz=39&hl=en&start=6&tbnid=5SGhhuman_ice_age_p.html&usg=__rjQoPpr2tqWkibcWeTbHwI4ohjs=&h=300&w=450&sz=39&hl=en&start=6&tbnid=5SGh9lJt7Vn64M:&tbnh=85&tbnw=127&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dfootprint%2Bfossil%26gbv%3D2%26ndsp%3D21%26hl9lJt7Vn64M:&tbnh=85&tbnw=127&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dfootprint%2Bfossil%26gbv%3D2%26ndsp%3D21%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DN%3Den%26sa%3DN

Coprolite fossil:Coprolite fossil: http://paleo.cc/fossils/coprolites/coprolite-med1.jpghttp://paleo.cc/fossils/coprolites/coprolite-med1.jpg Info for how fossils are formed:Info for how fossils are formed: http://www.fossils-facts-and-finds.com/how_are_fossils_formed.htmlhttp://www.fossils-facts-and-finds.com/how_are_fossils_formed.html Picture for how fossils are formed slide:Picture for how fossils are formed slide: http://www.dkimages.com/discover/previews/847/20120207.JPG http://www.dkimages.com/discover/previews/847/20120207.JPG Picture for burrow and examples of fossils slide:Picture for burrow and examples of fossils slide: http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.t-rat.com/images/Fossils%2520Preservation/http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.t-rat.com/images/Fossils%2520Preservation/

burrow.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.t-rat.com/Pages/burrow.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.t-rat.com/Pages/FossilPreservation.html&usg=__I0UVb5oDMvpTOlrEXoVql0QOsBs=&h=274&w=236&sz=16&hl=en&start=44&tbnid=FJFossilPreservation.html&usg=__I0UVb5oDMvpTOlrEXoVql0QOsBs=&h=274&w=236&sz=16&hl=en&start=44&tbnid=FJwH2cnOOhrhkM:&tbnh=113&tbnw=97&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dburrow%2Bfossils%26start%3D42%26gbvwH2cnOOhrhkM:&tbnh=113&tbnw=97&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dburrow%2Bfossils%26start%3D42%26gbv%3D2%26ndsp%3D21%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DN%3D2%26ndsp%3D21%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DN

Picture for petrified wood:Picture for petrified wood: http://petrifiedwoodmuseum.org/Images/Permineralization560.jpeghttp://petrifiedwoodmuseum.org/Images/Permineralization560.jpeg Picture for asphalt:Picture for asphalt: http://skywalker.cochise.edu/wellerr/fossil/mammal/6mammoth-tar-pits1957.jpghttp://skywalker.cochise.edu/wellerr/fossil/mammal/6mammoth-tar-pits1957.jpg Picture of snake with legs:Picture of snake with legs: http://www.amnh.org/exhibitions/darwin/images/exhibit/gallery/md/snake-limb-bud.jpghttp://www.amnh.org/exhibitions/darwin/images/exhibit/gallery/md/snake-limb-bud.jpg Picture of Whale fossilPicture of Whale fossil http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_vdMpbAB0DRI/SCrKcjgBX_I/AAAAAAAAE7E/6sUX73LodiU/s400/IMG_0714.jpghttp://4.bp.blogspot.com/_vdMpbAB0DRI/SCrKcjgBX_I/AAAAAAAAE7E/6sUX73LodiU/s400/IMG_0714.jpg

http://templeton-cambridge.org/fellows/vedantam/publications/2006.02.05/eden_and_evolution/img/6.jpghttp://templeton-cambridge.org/fellows/vedantam/publications/2006.02.05/eden_and_evolution/img/6.jpg Picture for last slide:Picture for last slide: http://mil.ccc.cccd.edu/classes/geology141lab/title/fossils.jpg http://mil.ccc.cccd.edu/classes/geology141lab/title/fossils.jpg

T-rex teeth:T-rex teeth: http://dsc.discovery.com/dinosaurs/dinosaur-pictures/t-rex-pictures/images/tyrannasaurus-teeth-fossil.jpghttp://dsc.discovery.com/dinosaurs/dinosaur-pictures/t-rex-pictures/images/tyrannasaurus-teeth-fossil.jpg Fern impression:Fern impression: http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.adonline.id.au/plantevol/images/http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.adonline.id.au/plantevol/images/

neuropteris.gif&imgrefurl=http://www.adonline.id.au/plantevol/tour/seed-ferns-neuropteris.gif&imgrefurl=http://www.adonline.id.au/plantevol/tour/seed-ferns-cordaites.php&usg=__vTAjwY6ykshkLZ9XsGc0I2sPidU=&h=109&w=147&sz=7&hl=en&start=2&tbnid=vBewXkFzORB1cordaites.php&usg=__vTAjwY6ykshkLZ9XsGc0I2sPidU=&h=109&w=147&sz=7&hl=en&start=2&tbnid=vBewXkFzORB1KM:&tbnh=70&tbnw=95&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dplant%2Bimpression%2Bfossil%26gbv%3D2%26hl%3DenKM:&tbnh=70&tbnw=95&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dplant%2Bimpression%2Bfossil%26gbv%3D2%26hl%3Den

Human footprint:Human footprint: http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://zinken.typepad.com/palaeo/weblog%2520zinken%2520australiahttp://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://zinken.typepad.com/palaeo/weblog%2520zinken%2520australia

%2520footprint.jpg&imgrefurl=http://zinken.typepad.com/palaeo/2005/12/%2520footprint.jpg&imgrefurl=http://zinken.typepad.com/palaeo/2005/12/human_ice_age_p.html&usg=__rjQoPpr2tqWkibcWeTbHwI4ohjs=&h=300&w=450&sz=39&hl=en&start=6&tbnid=5SGhhuman_ice_age_p.html&usg=__rjQoPpr2tqWkibcWeTbHwI4ohjs=&h=300&w=450&sz=39&hl=en&start=6&tbnid=5SGh9lJt7Vn64M:&tbnh=85&tbnw=127&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dfootprint%2Bfossil%26gbv%3D2%26ndsp%3D21%26hl9lJt7Vn64M:&tbnh=85&tbnw=127&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dfootprint%2Bfossil%26gbv%3D2%26ndsp%3D21%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DN%3Den%26sa%3DN

Coprolite fossil:Coprolite fossil: http://paleo.cc/fossils/coprolites/coprolite-med1.jpghttp://paleo.cc/fossils/coprolites/coprolite-med1.jpg Info for how fossils are formed:Info for how fossils are formed: http://www.fossils-facts-and-finds.com/how_are_fossils_formed.htmlhttp://www.fossils-facts-and-finds.com/how_are_fossils_formed.html Picture for how fossils are formed slide:Picture for how fossils are formed slide: http://www.dkimages.com/discover/previews/847/20120207.JPG http://www.dkimages.com/discover/previews/847/20120207.JPG Picture for burrow and examples of fossils slide:Picture for burrow and examples of fossils slide: http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.t-rat.com/images/Fossils%2520Preservation/http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.t-rat.com/images/Fossils%2520Preservation/

burrow.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.t-rat.com/Pages/burrow.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.t-rat.com/Pages/FossilPreservation.html&usg=__I0UVb5oDMvpTOlrEXoVql0QOsBs=&h=274&w=236&sz=16&hl=en&start=44&tbnid=FJFossilPreservation.html&usg=__I0UVb5oDMvpTOlrEXoVql0QOsBs=&h=274&w=236&sz=16&hl=en&start=44&tbnid=FJwH2cnOOhrhkM:&tbnh=113&tbnw=97&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dburrow%2Bfossils%26start%3D42%26gbvwH2cnOOhrhkM:&tbnh=113&tbnw=97&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dburrow%2Bfossils%26start%3D42%26gbv%3D2%26ndsp%3D21%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DN%3D2%26ndsp%3D21%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DN

Picture for petrified wood:Picture for petrified wood: http://petrifiedwoodmuseum.org/Images/Permineralization560.jpeghttp://petrifiedwoodmuseum.org/Images/Permineralization560.jpeg Picture for asphalt:Picture for asphalt: http://skywalker.cochise.edu/wellerr/fossil/mammal/6mammoth-tar-pits1957.jpghttp://skywalker.cochise.edu/wellerr/fossil/mammal/6mammoth-tar-pits1957.jpg Picture of snake with legs:Picture of snake with legs: http://www.amnh.org/exhibitions/darwin/images/exhibit/gallery/md/snake-limb-bud.jpghttp://www.amnh.org/exhibitions/darwin/images/exhibit/gallery/md/snake-limb-bud.jpg Picture of Whale fossilPicture of Whale fossil http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_vdMpbAB0DRI/SCrKcjgBX_I/AAAAAAAAE7E/6sUX73LodiU/s400/IMG_0714.jpghttp://templeton-http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_vdMpbAB0DRI/SCrKcjgBX_I/AAAAAAAAE7E/6sUX73LodiU/s400/IMG_0714.jpghttp://templeton-

cambridge.org/fellows/vedantam/publications/2006.02.05/eden_and_evolution/img/6.jpgcambridge.org/fellows/vedantam/publications/2006.02.05/eden_and_evolution/img/6.jpg Picture for last slide:Picture for last slide: http://mil.ccc.cccd.edu/classes/geology141lab/title/fossils.jpg http://mil.ccc.cccd.edu/classes/geology141lab/title/fossils.jpg