Diversity and Culturally Responsive Practices In Physical Education Darlene Sampson, Ph.D., Director...
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Diversity and Culturally Responsive Practices In Physical Education Darlene Sampson, Ph.D., Director of Culturally Responsive Education/Office of Post-Secondary Readiness
Diversity and Culturally Responsive Practices In Physical Education Darlene Sampson, Ph.D., Director of Culturally Responsive Education/Office of Post-Secondary
Diversity and Culturally Responsive Practices In Physical
Education Darlene Sampson, Ph.D., Director of Culturally Responsive
Education/Office of Post-Secondary Readiness
Slide 2
Todays Goals Goals To open the equity and culturally responsive
lens specifically relating to physical education To look at how
difference, bias, and perceptions impact physical education
programming To practice ways in which to maintain our equity lens
To push up, out and through our zones of discomfort
Slide 3
Our Agreements This work is hard and intrusive Give yourself
permission not to know.we are all emerging Work on barriers that
may prevent you from experiencing, feeling, and incorporating
Consciously utilize self Monitor hegemony Watch power, privilege,
and entitlement inhibitors Push back when you feel resistance
Assume positive intent Stay present and engaged Remember: We all
have thoughts that we are uncomfortable with-the key is to
challenge them! Any Other Agreements?
Slide 4
Sliding Our Way Out of Our Comfort Zone The Cha Cha Slide
Slide 5
Debriefing Our Teamwork How did working together feel? What
does it feel like to be out of your comfort zone? How does it feel
to teach others something you do or dont know? What teamwork did
you observe? What challenges did you observe? How does all of this
relate to your work with ALL of our Students?
Slide 6
How Do You Begin The Process Of Becoming Culturally Responsive
Physical Education Teachers?
Slide 7
It Begins With An Inside Out Process ASSESSING OURSELVES
Slide 8
Cultural Destructiveness Cultural Incapacity Cultural Blindness
Cultural Precompetence Cultural Competence Cultural
Proficiency
Slide 9
Cultural Destructiveness Leading in a manner that you seek to
eliminate the cultures of others in all aspects of the school and
in relationship with the community served. Cultural Incapacity
Leading in a way that you trivialize other cultures and seek to
make the culture of others appear wrong. Cultural Blindness Leading
where you dont see or acknowledge the culture of others and you
choose to ignore the discrepant experiences of cultures within the
school. Cultural Precompetence Leading with an increasing awareness
of what you and the school dont know about working in diverse
settings. At this level of development you and the school can move
in a positive, constructive direction or you can falter, stop, and
possibly regress. Cultural Competence Leading with your personal
values and behaviors and the schools policies and practices being
aligned in a manner that is inclusive with cultures that are new or
different from you and the school. Cultural Proficiency Leading as
an advocate for life-long learning with the purpose of being
increasingly effective in serving the educational needs of cultural
groups. Holding the vision that you and the school are instruments
for creating a socially just democracy.
Slide 10
Assessing Our Culture 1-------- We have a great deal of work to
do 2.. We have thought about the process, but havent
operationalized it yet 3. We are emerging in this area 4. We are
making some movement consistently 5. We are consistently leading,
acting, and thinking in an equitably and culturally responsive
manner
Slide 11
Reflection Question #1 How can physical education teachers
maintain or decrease stagnant gender-related roles and
racially-based perceptions?
Slide 12
SOME IMPORTANT ANCHORS/CONCEPTS Equity Equality Bias Culture
Culturally Responsive Teaching Culturally Responsive Curriculum
Guardians of Equity/Climate Watcher
Slide 13
How Does Bias Impact Perceptions? Did You Know We Are Wired For
Bias? How Is Bias Demonstrated In Physical Education? What is your
perception of this young lady?
Slide 14
What is Culture? What is Your Culture? Culture: Implicit and
explicit characteristics of a person that are developed through
background and current experiences, knowledge disposition, skills,
and ways of understanding that are informed by race (the social
construction of ones skin), ethnicity (history, heritage, customs,
rituals, values, symbols), identity (how one perceives and
represents himself or herself), class (economic/resource
situation), and gender (Milner, 2006).
Slide 15
CULTURALLY RESPONSIVE MYTHS Big Myth #1: Culturally Responsive
Teaching requires that teachers know all of the cultural aspects
about every student in their classroom. Big Myth #2: Culturally
Responsive Teaching is a new teaching technique relevant only to
urban Students of Color. Big Myth #3: Only same-race teachers can
connect and educate same-race students.
Slide 16
WHAT IS CULTURALLY RESPONSIVE TEACHING? Culturally Responsive :
Recognition of the diverse backgrounds, knowledge, perspectives,
experiences, and abilities that students, educators, and families
bring to the culture of a school that result in the use of
relevant, research-based instructional and behavioral support
practices, which are implemented with intentionality, measured with
fidelity, responsive to the needs of each learner, and systemically
valued as a means of promoting equity and achievement for all
students. DePry, & Cheesman (2010) How does this apply to
Physical Education?
Slide 17
In a Culturally Responsive Classroom, effective teaching and
learning occur in a culturally supported, learner-centered context,
whereby the strengths students bring to school are identified,
nurtured, and utilized to promote student achievement. Richards,
Brown, Forde (2007) Culturally responsive pedagogy has three
dimensions: (1) Institutional; (2) Personal and (3) Instructional
Institutional refers to administration policies and the values and
climate of the school Personal refers to cognitive and emotional
processes teachers must thoughtfully engage in to become culturally
responsive Instructional refers to the teachers pedagogical toolbox
of skills, materials, activities, and instructional abilities
Slide 18
Culturally Responsive Curriculum Curriculum that is augmented
to include the experiences/perspectives of children of
difference/color Uses cultural characteristics, experiences, and
perspectives of ethnically/linguistically diverse students as
conduits for teaching more effectively Takes the lived experiences
and frames of reference of students to provide personal and
meaningful curricular stimulation REMEMBER THE FOUR Rs of
CULTURALLY RESPONSIVE TEACHING:
(RigorRelevanceRelationshipsResilience)!
Slide 19
Climate Watchers Guardians of Equity Climate Watcher: A Climate
Watcher is responsible for monitoring the school climate for
equitable and culturally responsible practices GUARDIANS OF EQUITY:
Guardians of Equity practice infusing equitable practices and
consciousness in their daily lives Are the concepts the same? (Both
behaviors are not based in privilege)
Slide 20
Other Important Culturally Responsive Concepts Other
Mothering/Fathering Warm Demanders
Slide 21
Other Mothering/Fathering (Collins, 2002) The concept of Other
Mothering/Fathering is present within urban elementary schools when
teachers play an integral role in fulfilling the psychological and
educational needs of the urban child What evidence do you have that
this concept is being demonstrated? How do you document this? How
have you made this a priority? Is this concept only applicable to
the urban child?
Slide 22
A Warm Demander Approach (Ware, 2006) This educator
simultaneously utilizes warmth and high expectationsthey dont take
any______but also demonstrate great love and respect for Children
of Color/Difference Have you witnessed Warm Demanding in a Physical
Education Classroom? Have you acted as a Warm Demander in your
current role? If so, what did you do?
Slide 23
Behaviors of Warm Demanders (Ware, F. 2007) They have highly
effective relationships with students and instill a classroom of
caring They have no or low behavior problems and utilize low level
interventions This teacher helps students develop self discipline
(This is no-nonsense but not mean spirited) They demand exceptional
growth, and reject the deficit model. These students cant..or wont
is not a part of this educators vocabulary A warm demander educator
practices culturally responsive teaching that encapsulates
relationships, rigor, relevance and resilience
Slide 24
Warm Demander Behavior Cont They speak greatness into their
students They know their content and how to make connections to the
knowledge and learning styles of their students They are nurturing
Im going to give you grace, because everyone deserve grace (i.e.,
allows students to save face) They employ an Ethic of Caring They
provide multi-levels of caring. This is authentic- not aesthetic
care (Valenzuela, 1999). You care about kids right where they are
at this moment in time Care is expressed as an action (Grant &
Sleeter, 2007) Care is expressed as academically focusednot
management focused (Townsend, 2000)
Slide 25
Who Benefits From Culturally Responsive Teaching? EVERYONEBUT
PARTICULARLY CHILDREN OF COLOR/DIFFERENCE- AS IT IS ALIGNED WITH
CULTURAL COMPONENTS SPECIFIC TO THE LIVES, RACIAL, CULTURAL, AND
LINGUISTIC IDENTITIES OF CHILDREN OF COLOR/DIFFERENCE MANY STUDIES
HAVE SHOWN THAT CULTURALLY RESPONSIVE TEACHING HAS MANY BENEFITS
(Au, 1980, Banks, 2000; Gay, 2000; Ladson-Billings, 2001; Murrell,
2001; Ogbu, 2003, Brown, 2011) Most importantly, student engagement
and academics rise as teachers provide the
Slide 26
CULTURALLY RESPONSIVE EDUCATORS EDUCATORS WHO DEMONSTRATE A
HIGH REGARD FOR CHILDREN OF COLOR AND DIFFERENCE EMPLOY THE
FOLLOWING CULTURALLY RESPONSIVE BEHAVIORS AND SKILLS IN THEIR
TEACHING: 7 PRINCIPLES (Brown University/ Education Alliance,
2010)
Slide 27
EDUCATORS WHO. Have positive perspectives about
parents/families Communicate high expectations Impart instruction
within the context of culture Utilize student-centered instruction
Culturally mediate instruction Reshape the curriculum Teach as
facilitators..Dig outnot fill up (with your knowledge)
Slide 28
How Do These Concepts Apply To Physical Education? Journal
Article: Young & Sternod (2011) Practicing Culturally
Responsive Pedagogy in Physical Education Within your groups,
please read the abstract on the first page. Now read the area
assigned. Pay particular attention to how each culturally
responsive technique applies to physical education. Your Group
Activity: Jot down on your large sticky paper: (1) An abbreviated
definition of your area; (2) Indicate two ways in which the article
connects the culturally responsive teaching concept to physical
education and; (3) Indicate 1-2 ways in which this concept is
currently being demonstrated in your schools; (4) Assign a
colleague to report out for your group
Slide 29
Lets Practice Scenario #1 School Demographics: 40% African
American, 32% Latino & 20% White The Physical Education
Department at Arthur Ashe IB Academy is struggling with African
American Students who are only interested in football, basketball,
and track. How can we increase student participation in organized
sports and in a variety of diverse classes?
Slide 30
Scenario #2 In many physical education classes, the 7 th grade
teacher, Mr. Chase, witnesses the young ladies in the class failing
to dress out, wearing earrings during class, and telling him they
dont feel well to avoid involvement. How can Mr. Chase address this
issue with his female students?
Slide 31
How Can Culturally Responsive Teaching Assist Our Students? It
increases self-esteem and student engagement It reduces
peer-related disrespect by teaching respect for all cultures It is
situated within the learning styles and culture of students It
provides the empathic lens and worldview that is imperative to
students who are struggling with various challenges It provides a
safe place where students feel validated regardless of their
challenges It is developmental How does CRT assist you?
Slide 32
Ways To Infuse Culturally Responsive Teaching (CRT) Into
Physical Education In ActivitiesIn Consciousness Survey your
students. Do they want activities that connect to their
ethnic/cultural/racial lives (i.e., dance, community speakers who
look like them, etc)? Insert real-life examples from various
cultures within the existing curriculum Watch for activities that
you are comfortable with, but dont necessarily reflect the
diversity of your student population Develop authentic
relationships with students that go beyond your teaching role-
physical education is an idea place to get to know your students
Watch for activities in which only a few students can excel Monitor
your biases for racial, gender, linguistic & cultural
differences that impact how you view certain students Pay attention
to students with physical disabilities and up their programming to
the highest level Make sure that children have access to equitable
programming, activities, equipment, etc. (despite their zip code)
Teach that skill level is based in practice and instruction
Slide 33
Ways To Infuse CRT Into Physical Education Cont.. In
ActivitiesIn Consciousness Connect with community groups to come to
your class to discuss health, nutrition, diverse cultures, etc.
Make sure that some of the individuals look like your students and
can frankly discusses myths, culture differences, etc. Make sure
your visuals are reflective of both male and female activities, and
people of different sizes-including diverse cultural groups
involved in all types of activities Watch out for terms like You
guys denoting only one gender Avoid stereotypical phrases such as
(1) Lets sit Indian Style, lets sit criss-cross applesaucesimply
say, sit with your legs crossed Avoid gender bias, you throw like a
girl, man to man (person-to- person..or defense-to-defense instead)
Refrain from using words such as you are a wuss or any names that
denote sexuality Make sure one group doesnt dominate the other in
terms of space
Slide 34
THANKS FOR COMING This Work Is A Journey! Lets Maintain Our
Cultural Eye!