Diversion Detection – A smart gridapplication• Capgemini and Itron recently proposed a Diversion Detection

solution to a large Utility that incorporates meters, sensors andsoftware to indentify potential diversion sites

• This Utility is considering a AMI\Smart Grid deployment and wantedto leverage this deployment to identify energy diversion

• Since working with Capgemini, Itron has made the determination toincorporate a diversion detection capability into it’s Smart Gridsolution

• Itron is in the initial stages of commercializing this solution andmarket requirements will drive eventual product availability

• The following presentation provides an overview of the solution as itis envisioned today, further validation and development willundertaken with the help of our Utility customers

Diversion Detection – Solution Overview• Use the AMI system to collect energy use at each level in the distribution

system– Service point (meter)– Transformer– Feeder

• Perform an energy\current balance to identify potential diversion at thetransformer\feeder level– Service point vs Transformer– Transformer vs Feeder– Service point vs Feeder (rural)

• Use voltage measurement at the service point to indentify suspectedservice points once a suspected transformer\feeder has been identified

Diversion Detection – SolutionChallenges• A unique tool set is required:

– in addition to service point meters the solution requires theacquisition of data from feeders and transformers

– Once the data is collected a system to aggregate and analyzedata to create a suspect list for field investigation is needed

– The final element is a workbench to allow for the efficientprocessing of field work once potential diversion sites areidentified (diversion investigation)

• Without management of the utility’s distribution systemconnected model data aggregations cannot be trusted

• Technical energy losses need to be accounted for withinthe solution

Solution Elements – Kinects FeederCurrent Meter (FCM)

• Placed on the distribution line close to the feeder• Collects Accumulated in Phase Current (AIPCh) and

transmits the information along the OpenWay Network

Solution Elements – Kinects DistributionTransformer Meter (DTM)

• Mounted on transformers, overhead and underground• Collects Accumulated in Phase Current (AIPCh), energy

(kwh) and transmits the information along the OpenWayNetwork

Solution Elements – OW Meter• Collect energy (kwh) and Accumul

ated in Phase Current (AIPCh) dataand communicate the data along theOpenWay Network

• Measure and record voltage at theservice point and communicate thedata along the OpenWay Network

• Analytics application that helps utility Revenue Assurance teamsidentify tamper and theft

> Correlates tamperevents, field work orders,weather data, andcustomer usage toidentify suspects

> Includes workflow totrigger field work andtrack investigation status

> Includes robust statisticalmodel to computecustomer baseline usagelevels

Solution Elements – IEE RevenueProtection Suite

• Active – near-real time loading, analysis and action of data• Smart Grid – data from all functions and aspects of the utility’s

infrastructure• Analytics – reporting, analysis and application of results for

accurate decision-making

Active Smart Grid Analytics will be used to identify a suspect list ofpotential diversion sites

Active Smart Grid Analytics (ASA) is the confluence of businessneeds and business improvement opportunities in one platform for the

Smart Grid worldASA is a high scale/high performance Data Warehouse, Itron is

partnering with Teradata to deliver this solution

Solution Elements – Active Smart GridAnalytics

• The connectivity information (parentage) is passed to theConnectivity Manager where it is updated as needed toreflect the current (or desired) state of the network (i.e,good vs. bad switching days).

• This application will be used to gather connectivityinformation from automated equipment, existing clientsystems (GIS, OMS, CIS, etc) and Client users.

• Allow for the creation and maintenance of the distributionconnectivity model for each service point

– Flexible in the number of layers (i.e., it is not locked into Substation ->Bank -> Feeder –> Xfrmr -> Meter Hierarchy)

• The client specific connected model is populated in theData Warehouse for each client

Solution Elements – ConnectivityManager

• Final design will be developed based onfurther work with our customer

A custom application designed to take the suspect lists generated byRevenue Protection suite, field data and Smart Grid Analytics and

provide an efficient process to manage field investigations

Solution Elements – DiversionWorkbench

• Case 1 – diversion observed during installation of themeters

• Case 2 – tamper detected at meter• Case 3 – urban low side: diversion between service point

and metered transformer• Case 4 – rural low side: diversion between service point

and feeder meter• Case 5 – urban high side: diversion between metered

transformer and feeder meter

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Diversion Detection – cases

Diversion Detection – envisioned tool set

• Meter installer identifies tampering or theft at the meter• Meter installer stops work and enters work order in hand-

held device which notifies revenue assurance unit forinvestigation

• AMI meter installation completed once bypass/tamperissue is resolved

• Solution Elements– Visual inspection, field reports– Diversion Workbench– Optionally: Record in IEE RPS the fact that theft has historically

occurred at selected account/premise

Case 1 – Bypass During AMI Meter Install

• Identified using existing IEE Revenue Protection solutionand usage and tamper data delivered by OpenWay AMIsolution

• Using IEE RPS tamper data is combined with historicalusage and weather data plus other flags (i.e. field workorders, account status, meter change-out, user-definablefields) to produce suspect list for investigation

• Solution Elements– Itron OpenWay AMI customer meters– IEE Revenue Protection Suite– Diversion Workbench

Case 2 – Tampering at Customer Meter

• Diversion is detected by doing an energy (kWh) balancebetween customer meters and transformer meter

• Target at urban customers that all have transformermetering in place

• Solution Elements– OpenWay AMI and Distribution Transformer Meters– Itron Connectivity Manager– Active Smart Grid Analytics– Diversion Workbench

Case 3 – Urban Bypass

Case 4 – Rural Low Side Diversion• Diversion is detected by current imbalance (AIPCh)

between customer and transformer meters and feedermeters

• Target at rural customer that only have feeder metering inplace

• Solution Elements– OpenWay AMI and Feeder Current Meters– Itron Connectivity Manager– Active Smart Grid Analytics– Diversion Workbench

Case 5 – Urban High Side Diversion• Diversion is detected by current imbalance (AIPCh)

between transformer meters and feeder meters• Target at Urban customer that have feeder and

transformer metering in place• Solution Elements

– OpenWay AMI and Feeder Current Meters– Itron Connectivity Manager– Active Smart Grid Analytics– Diversion Workbench

• When diversion takes place along long lengths ofdistribution line as in a rural application it is difficult toidentify as diversion is typically smaller than the technicalloses

• To solve this problem the Feeder Current Meters and OWmeters measure Accumulated In Phase Current (AIPC)

• AIPC is then used to perform an current balance betweenthe feeder current meters and the downstream OW meter

• Loses are not captured as the calculation is notdependant on voltage

Challenge – Energy Loss

• AIPC (Ah) is non-voltage component of energy– Energy = ∫ Pdt = ∫ V*I dt = Accumulation of voltage times

active (non-reactive) current– AIPC = ∫ Idt {where I = active current} = Accumulation of non-

reactive current– Energy is measured in kWh while AIPC is measured in Ah

• Benefits of AIPC –– Remove the line losses component (characterized by voltage

drop/losses) in the energy calculation– Improve the accuracy and detection resolution– Does not need direct voltage measurement – cost & safety

impac

Challenge – Energy Loss AIPC