DIT - Soil Conservation

8/10/2019 DIT - Soil Conservation

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Soil Conservation:towards sustainable agriculture


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Introduction

Soil conservationis a combinationof all methods of managementandland usethat safeguard the soil

against depletion by natural or man-induced factors


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Soil Perform Several Vital Functions

Sustaining plant and

animal life below and

above the surface

Regulating and

partitioning water and

solute flow

Filtering, buffering,

degrading, immobilizing,

and detoxifying

Storing and cycling

nutrients

Providing support to

structures


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Why should we care about soil ?

Why we must conserve it and

use in sustainable manner ?


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Definitions

of Soil Erosion


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What is Soil Erosion?

Soil Erosion is the process of moving soil (bywind or water) from place of origin to another

location.


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Three step process of soil erosion


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Types of soil erosion

Soil Erosion

1. Raindrop erosion

2. Sheet erosion3. Rill and gully

erosion

4. Streambank and bed

erosion


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Erosi Lembar

Foto: Kurniatun Hairiah, 2002


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Erosi Alur


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Erosi Selokan


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Erosi Tebing Canal (sungai)


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Erosi Tunel


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Impacts of Soil Erosion


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Erosion Impacts


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Sedimentation in DAM


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Methods

of Soil Conservation


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Soil Conservation Methods Reduce rain drop impact.

Reducing/slowing water movement across

the land.

Securing soil with plant roots.

Increasing absorption of water. Carrying run-off water safely away.


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What soil conservation techniques

are common practice?Cultivated land

Agronomic measures Soil management Mechanical methods

Mulching Crop management Conservation tillage

Natural Synthetic

High densityplanting

Multiplecropping

Cover cropping(Fallow system)

Crop

rotations

Strip

cropping

Contourtillage

Ridging Minimumtillage

Terracing Water ways Structures


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Mengatur air limpasan permukaan agar tidak

merusak atau daya rusaknya berkurang

Prinsip Metode Teknik Sipil


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Prinsip Pengaturan limpasan permukaan :

1. Memperkecil volume dan/atau laju airlimpasan permukaan

2. Mengarahkan aliran air limpasan permukaanpada tempat/bangunan yang telahdipersiapkan

3. Menampung air limpasan permukaan, dan

kemudian jika diperlukan mengalirkannyapada tempat/bangunan yang telah disiapkan


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Recommended Practices Cover crops

Mulching

Terracing

Contour practices

Strip cropping

Add organic matter

Conservation tillage

Grass waterways

Crop rotation

Avoid overgrazing

Conservation tillage

Hedgerow , Agro-forestry


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Mulching


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Prediction Models

of Soil Erosion


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How do we estimate how much soil

was eroded?

Estimate sheet and rill soil erosion from water

with the Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE)

RUSLE to estimate soil erosion. This is a

computer generated estimator which is more

specific in predicting soil loss.


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USLE/RUSLE

A = R x K x (LS) x C x PA = Predicted average annual soil loss

(tons/ha/yr)

R = Rainfall factor

K = Soil erodibility factor

LS = Slope length and Steepness factor

C = Cover and management factor P = Support practice factor


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PURPOSE OF EROSION AN

PREDICTION MODEL

DEVELOP REASONABLE PLAN BASED ON

SCIENTIFIC INFORMATION

GUIDE MANAGEMENT DECISIONS EVALUATE MANAGEMENT IMPACTS

DETERMINE PRACTICE COST : BENEFIT

ASSESS RESOURCE INVENTORY


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Summary

Soil perform several vital functionsand

Misuse of soil that affect soil erosion

Impacts of soil erosion are pollutionof environmental

Methods of soil conservations arecontrols water runoff and soil erosion


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Conservation of Soils

The Science of Soils

Foto: Kurniatun Hairiah, 2002

Reading Materials:

Brady NC, 1990. The Nature and Properties of Soils

Utomo W.H., 1990. Konservasi Tanah

Cited from Internet


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Misuse of Soil


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Vegetative and Physics

Documents

DIT - Soil Conservation