1

District Survey Report of Minor Minerals, Arwal. Prepared in accordance with Para 7 (iii)(a) of S.O.141 (E)

Dated 15th January 2016, As Amended on S.O. 3611 (E), dated

25th July 2018 of

Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change

Notification.

GOVERNMENT OF BIHAR DISTRICT ARWAL

PREPARED BY

sathi planners pvt. Ltd.

Under the guidance of deiaa, arwal

2

CONTENT

Ch.No. Description Page No

Preamble 3-4

1 Introduction 5

1.1 Location and Geographical Area 5-7

1.2 Administrative Units 5-6

1.3 Connectivity 6

2 Overview of mining activity in the district 8

3 List of Mining lease in the district 9-35

3.1 List of Kiln/Bhatta in the district as per department record 9-17

3.2 List of Kiln/Bhatta in the district as per field survey report 18-25

3.3 List of Sand ghat as per department list 26

3.4 List of Proposed sand ghat(Potential Area) 27-35

4 Detail of Royalty or Revenue received in last 3 years 37

5 Detail of Production of Sand or Bajri or minor mineral in last three

years

37

6 Process of Deposition of Sediments in the rivers of the District 38-43

7 General Profile of the District 44-50

8 Land Utilization Pattern in the district 51-52

9 Physiography of the District 53

10 Rainfall: Month Wise 54

11 Geology & Mineral wealth of the area 55-58

12 Additional Information 59-60

13 Disaster & Risk Management 60-63

14 Conclusion & Reference 64

3

PREAMBLE

Keeping in view of experience gained in period of one decade, the MOEF&CC came out

with Environmental Impact Assessment Notification S.O.-1533(E) dated 14th Sept.2006. It

has been made mandatory to obtain environmental clearance for different kinds of

development projects as listed in Scheduled -1 of notification.

Further, pursuance of the order of Hon’ble Supreme Court Petition (C) No. 19628-19629 of

2009, dated 27th Feb.2012 In the matter of Deepak Kumar etc., Vs State of Haryana and

others etc., prior environmental clearance has now become mandatory for Mining of

Minor Minerals irrespective of the area of Mining Lease.

And also in view of the Hon’ble National Green Tribunal, order dated the 13th Jan.2015 the

matter regarding Sand, Brick earth, & borrowed earth cutting for Road Construction has to

take prior E.C. For Mining Lease irrespective of the fact that whether the area involved is

more or less than 5 hectares. They also suggested to make a policy on E.C for sand

including other minor minerals mining lease in cluster.

In pursuance MOEF&CC Notification S.O. 141(E) dated 15th Jan.2016,District Environment

Impact Assessment Authority (DEIAA) & District level Expert Appraisal Committee (DEAC)

has been formed for Category –B2 Minor Minerals having area less than or equal to 5 ha.

Under 7(iii)(a) it was also suggested to prepare the district survey report for sand mining or

river bed mining and mining of other mineral as prescribed in appendix X. This has been

modified vide S.O. No.- 3611(E) dated 25th July 2018.

MOEF&CC in consultation with State Government has prepared Guidelines on Sustainable

Sand & other Minor minerals mining detailing the provisions on Environmental Clearance

for cluster. Creation of District Environmental Impact Assessment Authority (DEIAA) &

proper monitoring of Minor Minerals Mining using Information Technology to track the

mineral out material from source to destination.

DEAC will scrutinize and recommend the prior environmental clearance of Mining of Minor

Mineral to DEIAA on basis of District Survey report. This will model and guiding document

which is a compendium of available mineral resources, geographical setup, environmental

and ecological set up of the district and replenishment of minerals and is based on data of

various departments, published reports, Journal and websites. The District Survey report

will form the basis for application for environmental clearance, preparation of reports and

appraisal of projects. District Survey Reports are to be reviewed once in every five years as

per statue, however the data bank of DSR can be updated, if required.

In line with above guideline Chief Secretary of Government of Bihar issued Sand Policy vide

M/M/(Ba)04/13 – 2214 dated 27 -08-2013 subsequently Bihar Minor Mineral Rule 2017

was come into force from 10-10-2017 but Hon’ble High Court has stayed the operation of

4

Bihar Minor Mineral Rules 2017. The Hon’ble Court has further indicated that till such

time, the earlier rules shall remain operational.

In view of the situation arising out of the said order and in terms of the provisions under

Rule 21(b) and clause 17(c) of Form –D of Bihar Minor Mineral Concessions Role 1972 read

with para 14 (ii) of the Sand Policy -2013 the state Govt orders the following vide Principal

Secretary order no -7297/M 28/29-11-2017:-

State Govt. authorizes the Bihar State Mining Corporation, (came for existence from 22-09-

2017) to commence the business of trading in Minor Minerals in terms of the proposal

submitted to the State Govt. and duly approved by it on 1-10-2013 and the District Survey

report will form the basis for application for environmental clearance.

This order took effect from 01-12-2017.

The Main objective of the preparation of District Survey Report is to ensure the following:-

1. Identification of Sand Ghats with geo references.

2. Identification of river silt with geo reference, which is being used for filling purposes.

3. Identification of brick kilns and bangla bhatthas with geo reference.

4. Identification of other mineral resources if available.

5

1. INTRODUCTION

ARWAL AT A GLANCE:-

1.1 Location and Geographical Area Arwal town is the administrative headquarters of Arwal district in Bihar state of India. It was earlier part of Jehanabad district. This district was formed from the area of two adjacent districts i.e. Jehanabad and Aurangabad. Arwal has a population of 700,843 according to 2011 census. Arwal town is situated on the right side bank of the river Son, which is a tributary to the River Ganges. Arwal is located at 84°26'49"E To 84°52'10"E and 25° 2' 52"N To 25°19'00"N. It has an average elevation of 67 metres (220 ft). The district headquarter is in Arwal near river (Sone). The state capital, Patna is 65 km to the north. The district occupies an area of 638 square kilometres (246 sq mi). Industries: No Large-scale industry is situated at Arwal District. However, a public sector undertaking “Bihar State Hydro Electric Power Corporation” is set up for power generation, which is not functional till date.

1.2 Administrative Units:- The district of Arwal came into existence in the year 2001, carved out of the erstwhile Jehanabad district. The present district of Arwal consists of 1 subdivision. The district has 5 blocks, namely Arwal, Kaler, Karpi, Kurtha and Sonbhadra Banshi Suryapur.

Subdivision 1 (Arwal)

Police Station 8 (Arwal, Rampur, Chowram, Prasi, Mahendia,

Kaler, Karpi, Kinjer & Kurtha)

Police Outpost 3

Panchayat Samiti NA

Gram Panchayat 65

Nagar Parisad 1

MLA Constituency 2

No. of Division 1

No. of Blocks 5 (Arwal,Kaler,Karpi,Kurtha

and Sonbhadra Banshi Suryapur)

No. of Panchayat 65

No of Villages 335

6

1.3 Connectivity facilities in Arwal District:-

Nearest Airport is at Patna and Railway Station is Jehanabad (JHD) and Anugarh Narayan Road (AUBR). By Road, Arwal is linked with Jehanabad, Patna and Aurangabad.

Veer Kunwar Singh Bridge connects to Arwal with Sahar (Bhojpur) on River Son. It is having excellent communication facility with other cities of India. NH- 139 (Old NH- 98) which passes through Arwal connects NH- 19 (Old NH- 02).

7

Map showing location of Arwal district in Jharkhand

(Source: Geological Survey of India)

8

2. Overview of Mining Activity in the District

Minerals such as sand, stone are available almost through out the entire Arwal district. Apart from this, Dolerite is also found in some of the parts of Kaler block. As per the departmental list, there are 61 chimni bhatthas in the district.

(Source: Geological Survey of India)

9

3. List of Mining Lease in the district

3.1 List of Brick Kiln/Bhatta in the district as per departmental record:-

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

3.2 BRICK KILN/ BHATTHA AS PER FIELD SURVEY (TOTAL-68 Nos.) S.L NO DISTRICT BLOCK MOUZA BRICK FIELD SL.NO LATIDUDE LONGITUDE

1 ARWAL ARWAL UMARAIBAD MAKAN BRICKS

A 25°14'3.76"N 84°38'55.41"E

B 25°14'3.04"N 84°38'56.00"E

C 25°14'1.52"N 84°38'54.66"E

D 25°14'2.07"N 84°38'54.10"E

2 ARWAL ARWAL UMARAIBAD BIHAR BRICKS

A 25°13'58.41"N 84°38'49.95"E

B 25°13'58.81"N 84°38'49.11"E

C 25°13'57.01"N 84°38'47.87"E

D 25°13'56.65"N 84°38'48.57"E

3 ARWAL ARWAL HASANPUR

PIPRA LAXMI BRICKS

A 25°12'58.03"N 84°37'39.54"E

B 25°12'56.12"N 84°37'38.55"E

C 25°12'56.39"N 84°37'37.82"E

D 25°12'58.22"N 84°37'38.72"E

4 ARWAL ARWAL AMRA SIVAM BRCIKS

A 25°12'39.20"N 84°36'41.24"E

B 25°12'38.73"N 84°36'41.81"E

C 25°12'37.22"N 84°36'40.00"E

D 25°12'37.87"N 84°36'39.36"E

5 ARWAL ARWAL BAHADURPUR R.L BRICKS

A 25°12'1.33"N 84°35'25.17"E

B 25°12'1.07"N 84°35'25.95"E

C 25°11'59.17"N 84°35'25.01"E

D 25°11'59.52"N 84°35'24.10"E

6 ARWAL ARWAL SAIDPUR D.K BRICKS

A 25°11'45.32"N 84°35'22.87"E

B 25°11'45.89"N 84°35'22.32"E

C 25°11'47.79"N 84°35'23.99"E

D 25°11'47.18"N 84°35'24.47"E

7 ARWAL ARWAL SAIDPUR GANESH BRICKS

A 25°11'40.66"N 84°35'18.06"E

B 25°11'41.11"N 84°35'17.11"E

C 25°11'43.30"N 84°35'18.50"E

D 25°11'42.57"N 84°35'19.19"E

8 ARWAL ARWAL SUMERA BRICK FIELD

1

A 25°11'38.84"N 84°34'56.90"E

B 25°11'38.78"N 84°34'57.61"E

C 25°11'36.57"N 84°34'56.89"E

D 25°11'36.75"N 84°34'56.16"E

19

9 ARWAL ARWAL CHAKIA R.K BRICKS

A 25°11'48.51"N 84°34'40.26"E

B 25°11'48.19"N 84°34'41.11"E

C 25°11'46.22"N 84°34'40.46"E

D 25°11'46.32"N 84°34'39.76"E

10 ARWAL ARWAL PARASI PUJA BRICKS

A 25°11'58.06"N 84°34'22.70"E

B 25°11'58.08"N 84°34'21.97"E

C 25°12'0.38"N 84°34'22.49"E

D 25°12'0.31"N 84°34'23.14"E

11 ARWAL ARWAL PARASI RAMPUR BRICKS

A 25°12'1.80"N 84°33'42.10"E

B 25°12'1.54"N 84°33'42.92"E

C 25°11'59.29"N 84°33'42.13"E

D 25°11'59.59"N 84°33'41.39"E

12 ARWAL ARWAL BATH BIHAR BRICKS

A 25°12'3.88"N 84°33'19.22"E

B 25°12'3.90"N 84°33'20.11"E

C 25°12'1.64"N 84°33'19.69"E

D 25°12'1.68"N 84°33'18.99"E

13 ARWAL ARWAL BATH RAJ BRICKS

A 25°11'58.56"N 84°33'14.75"E

B 25°11'58.64"N 84°33'13.79"E

C 25°12'0.82"N 84°33'14.25"E

D 25°12'0.78"N 84°33'15.20"E

14 ARWAL ARWAL BATH PRAKASH

BRICKS

A 25°12'3.85"N 84°33'7.68"E

B 25°12'3.65"N 84°33'8.53"E

C 25°12'1.65"N 84°33'7.96"E

D 25°12'1.85"N 84°33'7.30"E

15 ARWAL ARWAL TAWAKALA BHARAT BRICKS

A 25°11'8.84"N 84°33'32.72"E

B 25°11'8.05"N 84°33'32.69"E

C 25°11'7.60"N 84°33'31.01"E

D 25°11'8.34"N 84°33'30.67"E

16 ARWAL ARWAL MASUDA SUN BRICKS

A 25° 9'59.33"N 84°33'42.19"E

B 25° 9'59.22"N 84°33'43.20"E

C 25° 9'56.76"N 84°33'42.75"E

D 25° 9'56.91"N 84°33'41.85"E

17 ARWAL ARWAL SAKRI SACHIN BRICKS

A 25°10'37.70"N 84°34'34.43"E

B 25°10'36.91"N 84°34'34.32"E

20

C 25°10'37.86"N 84°34'31.56"E

D 25°10'38.53"N 84°34'31.97"E

18 ARWAL ARWAL MAHENDIA MAA BRICKS

A 25° 9'23.79"N 84°34'7.36"E

B 25° 9'23.50"N 84°34'7.96"E

C 25° 9'21.77"N 84°34'6.58"E

D 25° 9'22.21"N 84°34'6.00"E

19 ARWAL ARWAL MAHENDIA M.B.C BRICKS

A 25° 9'33.34"N 84°34'12.22"E

B 25° 9'33.01"N 84°34'13.04"E

C 25° 9'31.14"N 84°34'12.22"E

D 25° 9'31.33"N 84°34'11.26"E

20 ARWAL ARWAL MARAILA PAPU BRICKS

A 25° 9'49.84"N 84°34'31.46"E

B 25° 9'50.33"N 84°34'32.42"E

C 25° 9'48.96"N 84°34'33.94"E

D 25° 9'48.23"N 84°34'33.20"E

21 ARWAL KARPI BELKHARI

CHAK A.S.B.I. BRICK

A 25°10'24.26"N 84°45'39.17"E

B 25°10'23.97"N 84°45'39.71"E

C 25°10'22.00"N 84°45'38.50"E

D 25°10'22.31"N 84°45'37.90"E

22 ARWAL KARPI NARGA R.D.D. BRICK

A 25°10'14.21"N 84°45'46.45"E

B 25°10'13.86"N 84°45'47.16"E

C 25°10'11.83"N 84°45'46.21"E

D 25°10'12.09"N 84°45'45.31"E

23 ARWAL KARPI BELKHARI

CHAK RANJAN

BRICK

A 25°10'11.31"N 84°45'31.75"E

B 25°10'10.97"N 84°45'32.63"E

C 25°10'8.88"N 84°45'31.75"E

D 25°10'9.12"N 84°45'30.93"E

24 ARWAL KARPI MAKHLIMPUR S.M.S BRICK

A 25° 9'50.20"N 84°45'7.13"E

B 25° 9'49.90"N 84°45'6.18"E

C 25° 9'47.88"N 84°45'7.30"E

D 25° 9'48.23"N 84°45'7.95"E

25 ARWAL KARPI MAKHLIMPUR KRANTI BRICK

A 25° 9'46.73"N 84°45'11.29"E

B 25° 9'46.62"N 84°45'12.35"E

C 25° 9'44.39"N 84°45'11.79"E

D 25° 9'44.64"N 84°45'10.82"E

21

26 ARWAL KARPI MAKHLIMPUR C.M.D. BRICK

A 25° 9'23.87"N 84°45'7.93"E

B 25° 9'23.54"N 84°45'8.94"E

C 25° 9'21.34"N 84°45'8.14"E

D 25° 9'21.66"N 84°45'7.07"E

27 ARWAL KARPI MAKHLIMPUR RAJ BRICK

A 25° 9'18.87"N 84°45'3.03"E

B 25° 9'18.56"N 84°45'3.93"E

C 25° 9'16.42"N 84°45'3.16"E

D 25° 9'16.83"N 84°45'2.50"E

28 ARWAL KARPI HAJIPUR POOJA BRICK

A 25° 9'2.38"N 84°45'20.78"E

B 25° 9'2.17"N 84°45'21.61"E

C 25° 8'59.72"N 84°45'20.86"E

D 25° 9'0.03"N 84°45'20.13"E

29 ARWAL KARPI HAJIPUR S.N.T BRICK

A 25° 8'41.95"N 84°45'39.39"E

B 25° 8'41.61"N 84°45'40.16"E

C 25° 8'39.57"N 84°45'39.36"E

D 25° 8'39.75"N 84°45'38.72"E

30 ARWAL KURTHA DHARNAI OM BRICK

A 25° 8'33.83"N 84°47'10.71"E

B 25° 8'33.61"N 84°47'11.68"E

C 25° 8'31.33"N 84°47'11.10"E

D 25° 8'31.59"N 84°47'10.17"E

31 ARWAL KURTHA DHARNAI M.K.S BRICK

A 25° 8'34.45"N 84°47'14.67"E

B 25° 8'34.73"N 84°47'14.02"E

C 25° 8'36.96"N 84°47'14.87"E

D 25° 8'36.72"N 84°47'15.56"E

32 ARWAL KURTHA GOUHARA M.H.L BRICK

A 25° 8'55.28"N 84°47'24.07"E

B 25° 8'55.07"N 84°47'25.02"E

C 25° 8'57.14"N 84°47'25.66"E

D 25° 8'57.56"N 84°47'24.92"E

33 ARWAL KURTHA DHAMAUL B.R.M BRICK

A 25°10'47.38"N 84°47'36.82"E

B 25°10'47.11"N 84°47'37.67"E

C 25°10'45.02"N 84°47'37.01"E

D 25°10'45.11"N 84°47'36.02"E

34 ARWAL KURTHA DHAMAUL R.D.D BRICK A 25°10'14.02"N 84°48'4.17"E

22

B 25°10'13.92"N 84°48'3.97"E

C 25°10'13.42"N 84°48'4.27"E

D 25°10'13.42"N 84°48'4.42"E

35 ARWAL KURTHA DHONDAR J.B.C BRICK

A 25° 9'17.31"N 84°48'24.88"E

B 25° 9'17.02"N 84°48'25.62"E

C 25° 9'14.95"N 84°48'24.71"E

D 25° 9'15.18"N 84°48'23.94"E

36 ARWAL KURTHA KOD MARAI M.K.C BRICK

A 25° 8'51.36"N 84°47'45.57"E

B 25° 8'51.44"N 84°47'46.37"E

C 25° 8'49.21"N 84°47'46.00"E

D 25° 8'49.24"N 84°47'45.27"E

37 ARWAL KURTHA JOGIYANALA M.P.S BRICK

A 25° 8'42.04"N 84°47'53.21"E

B 25° 8'41.79"N 84°47'54.12"E

C 25° 8'39.52"N 84°47'53.49"E

D 25° 8'39.56"N 84°47'52.54"E

38 ARWAL KURTHA SAREA S.D.M BRICK

A 25° 8'25.84"N 84°48'2.13"E

B 25° 8'25.68"N 84°48'2.77"E

C 25° 8'23.99"N 84°48'2.09"E

D 25° 8'24.15"N 84°48'1.48"E

39 ARWAL KARPI BELKARI B.B.C BRICK

A 25° 9'56.40"N 84°44'30.85"E

B 25° 9'55.49"N 84°44'33.15"E

C 25° 9'54.72"N 84°44'32.72"E

D 25° 9'55.72"N 84°44'30.56"E

40 ARWAL KARPI BELKHARI

CHAK D.P.S BRICK

A 25° 9'44.86"N 84°44'26.98"E

B 25° 9'44.68"N 84°44'27.84"E

C 25° 9'42.19"N 84°44'26.95"E

D 25° 9'42.49"N 84°44'26.25"E

41 ARWAL KARPI SARBALI STOP BRICK

A 25° 9'15.58"N 84°42'56.55"E

B 25° 9'15.59"N 84°42'57.57"E

C 25° 9'13.36"N 84°42'57.44"E

D 25° 9'13.41"N 84°42'56.45"E

42 ARWAL KALER ITAWA PABAN BRICK

A 25°11'49.54"N 84°38'48.72"E

B 25°11'48.96"N 84°38'48.15"E

C 25°11'47.41"N 84°38'50.21"E

23

D 25°11'47.95"N 84°38'50.63"E

43 ARWAL KALER ITAWA S.K BRICK

A 25°11'33.57"N 84°38'17.21"E

B 25°11'34.16"N 84°38'17.23"E

C 25°11'34.09"N 84°38'19.48"E

D 25°11'33.48"N 84°38'19.42"E

44 ARWAL KALER ITAWA BRICK FIELD 2

A 25°11'37.45"N 84°38'17.75"E

B 25°11'37.59"N 84°38'18.62"E

C 25°11'36.90"N 84°38'18.84"E

D 25°11'36.83"N 84°38'17.77"E

45 ARWAL ARWAL SIPAH VIKAS BRICK

A 25°14'44.64"N 84°39'33.85"E

B 25°14'44.30"N 84°39'34.84"E

C 25°14'42.14"N 84°39'33.72"E

D 25°14'42.40"N 84°39'32.79"E

46 ARWAL ARWAL SBAHJANBAD SBAHJANBAD

BRICK

A 25°15'19.05"N 84°39'53.83"E

B 25°15'18.94"N 84°39'54.98"E

C 25°15'16.49"N 84°39'54.66"E

D 25°15'16.47"N 84°39'53.70"E

47 ARWAL ARWAL SBAHJANBAD LAXMI BRICK

A 25°18'21.47"N 84°42'51.01"E

B 25°18'21.02"N 84°42'51.64"E

C 25°18'19.26"N 84°42'49.97"E

D 25°18'19.67"N 84°42'49.40"E

48 ARWAL ARWAL SAKRI BALAJI BRICK

A 25°17'55.37"N 84°42'2.45"E

B 25°17'54.90"N 84°42'2.87"E

C 25°17'53.44"N 84°42'0.96"E

D 25°17'53.89"N 84°42'0.51"E

49 ARWAL ARWAL SAKRI AKESH BRICK

A 25°17'50.18"N 84°41'49.09"E

B 25°17'49.83"N 84°41'49.26"E

C 25°17'48.64"N 84°41'46.81"E

D 25°17'49.06"N 84°41'46.51"E

50 ARWAL ARWAL SAKRI C.M.D BRICK

A 25°17'39.41"N 84°41'7.33"E

B 25°17'39.14"N 84°41'8.05"E

C 25°17'41.05"N 84°41'9.28"E

D 25°17'41.31"N 84°41'8.61"E

24

51 ARWAL ARWAL SAKRI BRICK FIELD

3

A 25°17'37.48"N 84°41'20.21"E

B 25°17'37.71"N 84°41'19.67"E

C 25°17'36.28"N 84°41'18.54"E

D 25°17'35.93"N 84°41'19.02"E

52 ARWAL ARWAL SAKRI BRICK FIELD

4

A 25°17'51.61"N 84°41'52.50"E

B 25°17'52.89"N 84°41'54.76"E

C 25°17'52.09"N 84°41'55.04"E

D 25°17'51.03"N 84°41'52.88"E

53 ARWAL SUNBHADRA

BANSI SURYAPUR

RAMPUR RANI BRICK

A 25° 6'36.34"N 84°44'45.11"E

B 25° 6'36.59"N 84°44'44.57"E

C 25° 6'38.91"N 84°44'45.70"E

D 25° 6'38.51"N 84°44'46.48"E

54 ARWAL SUNBHADRA

BANSI SURYAPUR

RAMPUR VIVEK BRICK

A 25° 6'30.11"N 84°44'41.78"E

B 25° 6'29.45"N 84°44'44.15"E

C 25° 6'28.80"N 84°44'43.83"E

D 25° 6'29.47"N 84°44'41.66"E

55 ARWAL SUNBHADRA

BANSI SURYAPUR

SUNBHADRA BRICK FIELD

5

A 25° 6'59.24"N 84°43'33.17"E

B 25° 6'59.38"N 84°43'32.63"E

C 25° 6'57.71"N 84°43'32.26"E

D 25° 6'57.46"N 84°43'32.80"E

56 ARWAL KALER RAJPURA STAR BRICK

A 25° 6'35.27"N 84°31'0.68"E

B 25° 6'33.01"N 84°31'0.18"E

C 25° 6'33.06"N 84°30'59.48"E

D 25° 6'35.50"N 84°30'59.87"E

57 ARWAL KALER RAJPURA SONA BRICK

A 25° 6'32.85"N 84°30'48.72"E

B 25° 6'32.72"N 84°30'49.76"E

C 25° 6'30.43"N 84°30'49.23"E

D 25° 6'30.59"N 84°30'48.51"E

58 ARWAL KALER KALER SATISH BRICK

A 25° 6'51.86"N 84°29'24.11"E

B 25° 6'51.40"N 84°29'24.56"E

C 25° 6'50.05"N 84°29'23.00"E

D 25° 6'50.53"N 84°29'22.58"E

59 ARWAL KALER KALER B.R.T BRICK

A 25° 7'38.80"N 84°29'15.10"E

B 25° 7'40.53"N 84°29'16.44"E

C 25° 7'41.12"N 84°29'15.85"E

D 25° 7'39.27"N 84°29'14.37"E

60 ARWAL KALER KALER BRICK FIELD

6 A 25° 7'26.11"N 84°29'13.87"E

B 25° 7'25.56"N 84°29'14.38"E

25

C 25° 7'25.00"N 84°29'13.61"E

D 25° 7'25.73"N 84°29'13.15"E

61 ARWAL KALER BELWAN BRICK FIELD

7

A 25° 8'26.01"N 84°27'59.67"E

B 25° 8'25.69"N 84°28'0.73"E

C 25° 8'24.83"N 84°28'0.65"E

D 25° 8'25.18"N 84°27'59.63"E

62 ARWAL ARWAL ARWAL BRICK FIELD

8

A 25°15'28.08"N 84°40'17.21"E

B 25°15'26.74"N 84°40'16.48"E

C 25°15'26.40"N 84°40'17.18"E

D 25°15'27.73"N 84°40'17.73"E

63 ARWAL KARPI HASPURA BRICK FIELD

9

A 25° 4'26.04"N 84°35'6.50"E

B 25° 4'27.02"N 84°35'4.42"E

C 25° 4'27.46"N 84°35'4.79"E

D 25° 4'26.57"N 84°35'7.06"E

64 ARWAL KARPI DEWAKUND

ARAZI BRICK FIELD

10

A 25° 4'59.34"N 84°37'35.29"E

B 25° 4'58.06"N 84°37'37.18"E

C 25° 4'57.52"N 84°37'36.46"E

D 25° 4'58.79"N 84°37'34.77"E

65 ARWAL KURTHA ALAWALPUR BRICK FIELD

11

A 25° 4'12.19"N 84°48'45.54"E

B 25° 4'11.62"N 84°48'45.94"E

C 25° 4'12.62"N 84°48'47.98"E

D 25° 4'13.08"N 84°48'47.62"E

66 ARWAL KURTHA ALAWALPUR BRICK FIELD

12

A 25° 4'9.60"N 84°49'4.70"E

B 25° 4'8.85"N 84°49'4.51"E

C 25° 4'8.38"N 84°49'6.84"E

D 25° 4'9.07"N 84°49'7.18"E

67 ARWAL KURTHA DHAMAUL BRICK FIELD

13

A 25°10'6.90"N 84°47'57.68"E

B 25°10'4.88"N 84°47'56.73"E

C 25°10'5.07"N 84°47'55.96"E

D 25°10'7.25"N 84°47'56.79"E

68 ARWAL KURTHA DHAMAUL BRICK FIELD

14

A 25°10'8.37"N 84°47'54.06"E

B 25°10'6.48"N 84°47'53.47"E

C 25°10'6.27"N 84°47'54.22"E

D 25°10'8.15"N 84°47'54.79"E

26

3.3 LIST OF EC CLEARED SAND GHATS AS PER DEPARTMENTAL RECORD:-

27

3.4 LIST OF PROPOSED SAND GHATS (POTENTIAL AREA) IN SON RIVER:- SL NO

DISTRICT BLOCK

OFFICE(BDO) MOUZA BLOCK

AREA IN HECT

NAME OF RIVER

SL.NO LATITUDE LONGITUDE

1 ARWAL ARWAL SAKRI BLOCK - A 24.9 SON RIVER

A

25°18'14.76"N

84°41'18.02"E

B 25°18'2.44"N

84°41'26.52"E

C

25°17'53.05"N

84°41'10.37"E

D 25°18'5.68"N 84°41'1.15"E

2 ARWAL ARWAL SAHJAHANBAD BLOCK - B 24.9 SON RIVER

A

25°15'19.16"N

84°39'46.41"E

B

25°15'16.46"N

84°39'51.46"E

C

25°14'45.60"N

84°39'26.87"E

D

25°14'51.00"N

84°39'21.25"E

3 ARWAL ARWAL MURADPUR

HUJRA BLOCK - C 24.9 SON RIVER

A

25°14'31.93"N

84°37'42.26"E

B

25°14'21.49"N

84°37'52.36"E

C

25°14'11.04"N

84°37'34.57"E

D

25°14'21.40"N

84°37'24.64"E

4 ARWAL ARWAL AHIYAPUR BLOCK - D 24.9 SON RIVER

A 25°16'9.21"N 84°40'2.42"E

B 25°16'6.57"N

84°40'10.12"E

C

25°15'35.91"N

84°39'54.58"E

D

25°15'39.90"N

84°39'46.66"E

5 ARWAL ARWAL ASLAMPUR

DULLAH BLOCK - E 24.8 SON RIVER

A

25°16'54.19"N

84°40'25.63"E

B

25°16'50.99"N

84°40'33.21"E

C

25°16'23.00"N

84°40'17.64"E

D

25°16'26.63"N 84°40'8.59"E

6 ARWAL ARWAL SAKRI BLOCK - F 24.9 SON RIVER

A

25°17'43.66"N

84°40'48.07"E

B

25°17'41.62"N

84°40'54.83"E

C 25°17'8.19"N

84°40'39.77"E

D

25°17'10.17"N

84°40'32.14"E

7 ARWAL KALER BELWAN BLOCK - G 24.8 SON RIVER

A 25° 8'31.94"N

84°27'50.65"E

B 25° 8'29.44"N

84°27'57.10"E

C 25° 7'50.99"N

84°27'41.46"E

D 25° 7'52.82"N

84°27'34.81"E

8 ARWAL ARWAL PARASRAMPUR BLOCK - H 24.9 SON RIVER

A

25°12'49.71"N

84°33'59.31"E

B 25°13'0.21"N

84°33'56.06"E

C

25°12'53.79"N

84°33'31.52"E

D

25°12'42.56"N

84°33'35.27"E

9 ARWAL ARWAL PARASRAMPUR BLOCK - I 24.9 SON RIVER A 25°13'1.32"N

84°34'18.10"E

28

B

25°12'52.35"N

84°34'21.18"E

C 25°13'3.35"N

84°34'55.56"E

D 25°13'9.36"N

84°34'52.31"E

10 ARWAL KALER SOHSA BLOCK - J 24.9 SON RIVER

A 25°11'3.25"N 84°29'7.77"E

B 25°11'8.29"N

84°29'16.88"E

C

25°10'46.99"N

84°29'35.00"E

D

25°10'41.03"N

84°29'27.02"E

11 ARWAL KALER SOHSA BLOCK - K 24.9 SON RIVER

A

25°11'24.94"N

84°29'49.15"E

B 25°11'5.96"N 84°30'4.28"E

C

25°10'59.43"N

84°29'54.78"E

D

25°11'18.63"N

84°29'38.83"E

12 ARWAL ARWAL MURADPUR BLOCK - L 24.9 SON RIVER

A

25°14'48.66"N

84°38'35.34"E

B

25°14'51.47"N

84°38'40.03"E

C

25°14'51.75"N

84°38'50.21"E

D

25°14'40.08"N 84°39'5.15"E

E

25°14'32.33"N

84°38'54.12"E

13 ARWAL KALER Bath BLOCK -

M 24.9 SON RIVER

A

25°12'37.84"N

84°32'52.73"E

B

25°12'46.98"N

84°33'11.80"E

C

25°12'34.77"N

84°33'18.47"E

D

25°12'26.48"N

84°32'57.34"E

14 ARWAL KALER Bath BLOCK - N 24.9 SON RIVER

A

25°12'19.73"N

84°32'10.24"E

B

25°12'31.15"N

84°32'34.27"E

C

25°12'20.22"N

84°32'39.48"E

D

25°12'11.20"N 84°32'9.24"E

15 ARWAL KALER Masadpur BLOCK - O 24.9 SON RIVER

A 25°11'39.95"N

84°30'35.46"E

B 25°11'42.40"N

84°30'54.29"E

C 25°11'47.70"N

84°31'8.32"E

D 25°11'45.34"N

84°31'12.22"E

E 25°11'27.30"N

84°30'46.89"E

16 ARWAL KALER SOHSA BLOCK - P 24.9 SON RIVER

A

25°10'30.56"N

84°28'51.57"E

B

25°10'37.94"N 84°29'0.09"E

C

25°10'20.35"N

84°29'14.60"E

D

25°10'11.53"N 84°29'4.11"E

29

Few more potential areas awaiting statutory clearances:

SL. No. Name of Ghat River Area (Ha.) Co-ordinates 1 Baidrabad Ghat Son 24.8 25°14'18.10"N

84°37'23.95"E

25°14'8.47"N 84°37'29.54"E

25°13'59.40"N 84°37'3.49"E

25°14'9.72"N 84°37'0.02"E

2 Shahjahanbad Ghat Son 24.0 25°15'42.66"N 84°39'22.14"E

25°15'44.68"N 84°39'34.08"E

25°15'25.91"N 84°39'36.61"E

25°15'21.51"N 84°39'20.84"E

3 Aslampur Dullah Ghat Son 15.0 25°16'21.57"N 84°39'56.54"E

25°16'17.26"N 84°40'14.30"E

25°16'7.99"N 84°40'10.78"E

25°16'12.63"N 84°39'53.58"E

4 Madan Singhka Bigha Ghat Son 5.0 25°16'45.05"N 84°40'30.62"E

25°16'47.72"N 84°40'35.18"E

25°16'46.65"N 84°40'36.06"E

25°16'38.96"N 84°40'33.85"E

25°16'31.90"N 84°40'30.06"E

25°16'32.02"N 84°40'28.22"E

19.0 25°16'52.59"N 84°40'12.44"E

25°16'53.93"N 84°40'24.53"E

25°16'33.35"N 84°40'21.55"E

25°16'36.32"N 84°40'10.07"E

5 Chhapra 4 Ghat Son 7.0 25°18'18.97"N 84°41'41.15"E

25°18'17.00"N 84°41'42.64"E

25°18'1.32"N 84°41'27.37"E

25°18'4.79"N 84°41'23.86"E

30

Note: (i) These sand blocks were identified on the basis of geological studies carried out through

field observation, and also includes sand ghats already auctioned by department. Thus, it is

recommended to get those blocks verified with concerned authorities before opting for any

statutory clearances.

(ii) Availability of sand in the aforementioned sand blocks may vary based on the

replenishment.

GOOGLE MAP FOR PROPOSED SAND GHATS:

31

32

33

34

Legend: Indicates that the block overlaps with exisiting sand ghats as per current departmental

list.

35

SITE PHOTOGRAPHS FOR PROPOSED SAND GHATS:

36

37

4. Detail of Royalty or Revenue Received in last three

years

Year wise Total Revenew Collection (in Rupees Lakhs)

2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 (Till Dec 17)

1151.05 1404.76 657.71

5. Details of Production of Sand Or Bajri or Minor Mineral In Last

Three Years

Sl. No. Year Production

1 2015-16 NA

2 2016-17 NA

3 2017-18 NA

38

6. Process of Deposition of Sediments In The Rivers of The District

Replenishment of Sand :-

The deposition in a river bed is more pronounced during rainy season although the quantum of deposition varies from stream to stream depending upon numbers of factors such as catchment, lithology, discharge, river profile and geomorphology of the river course where annual deposition is one meters, but it is noticed that during flood season whole of the pit so excavated is completely filled up and as such the excavated area is replenished with new harvest of minerals.

In order to calculate the mineral deposits in the stream beds, the mineral constituents have been categorized as clay, silt, sand, bajri and boulder. However, during present calculation, the waste material i.e silt which vary from 10 to 20% in different streams has also been included in the total production. Further the Survey of India Topo-Sheets are used as base map to know the extent of river course. The mineral reserves have been calculated only upto 1.00 meter depth although there are some portions in the river beds such as channel bars, point bars and central islands where the annual deposition is raising the level of river bed thus causing shifting of the rivers towards banks resulting in to cutting of banks and at such locations, removal of this material upto the bed level is essential to control the river flow in its central part to check the bank cutting. While calculating the mineral potentials, the mineral deposits lying in the sub- tributaries of that particular stream/river has not been taken into consideration. Since these mineral deposits are adding annually.

Surface runoff

Also known as overland flow is the flow of water that occurs when excess storm water, melt water, or other sources flows over the Earth's surface. This might occur because soil is saturated to full capacity, because rain arrives more quickly than soil can absorb it, or because impervious areas (roofs and pavement) send their runoff to surrounding soil that cannot absorb all of it. Surface runoff is a major component of the water cycle. It is the primary agent in soil erosion by water.

Runoff that occurs on the ground surface before reaching a channel is also called a nonpoint source. If a nonpoint source contains man-made contaminants, or natural forms of pollution (such as rotting leaves) the runoff is called nonpoint source pollution. A land area which produces runoff that drains to a common point is called a drainage basin. When runoff flows along the ground, it can pick up soil contaminants including petroleum, pesticides, or fertilizers that become discharge or nonpoint source pollution.

In addition to causing water erosion and pollution, surface runoff in urban areas is a primary cause of urban flooding which can result in property damage, damp and mold in basements, and street flooding.

39

Effects of surface runoff

Erosion and deposition

Surface runoff can cause erosion of the Earth's surface; eroded material may be deposited a considerable distance away.

There are four main types of soil erosion by water:

• splash erosion,

• sheet erosion,

• rill erosion,

• gully erosion.

Splash erosion is the result of mechanical collision of raindrops with the soil surface: soil particles which are dislodged by the impact then move with the surface runoff.

Sheet erosion is the overland transport of sediment by runoff without a well-defined channel.

Soil surface roughness causes may cause runoff to become concentrated into narrower flow paths: as these incise, the small but well-defined channels which are formed are known as rills. These channels can be as small as one centimeter wide or as large as several meters.

If runoff continue to incise and enlarge rills, they may eventually grow to become gullies.

Gully erosion can transport large amounts of eroded material in a small time period.

40

Reduced crop productivity usually results from erosion, and these effects are studied in the field of soil conservation. The soil particles carried in runoff vary in size from about .001 millimeter to 1.0 millimeter in diameter. Larger particles settle over short transport distances, whereas small particles can be carried over long distances suspended in the water column.

There are many sediment transport equations which are suitable for use in the prediction of the replenishment rate of rivers/ watershed. Some of the Famous sediment transport equations are: ‐

1. Dandy – Bolton Equation 2. Yang Equations 3. Engelund‐Hansen Equation

4.Modified Universal Soil Loss Equation (MUSLE)

DANDY ‐ BOLTON EQUATION Dandy Bolton formula is often used to calculate the sedimentation yield. But use of these equations to predict sediment yield for a specific location would be unwise because of the wide variability caused by local factors not considered in the equations development. However, they may provide a quick, rough approximation of mean sediment yields on a regional basis for preliminary watershed planning. Computed sediment yields normally would be low for highly erosive areas and high for well stabilized drainage basins with high plant density because the equations

Soil erosion by water on intensively-tilled farmland.

.

41

are derived from average values. The equations express the general relationships between sediment yield, runoff, and drainage area. Many variables influence sediment yield from a drainage basin. They include climate, drainage area, soils, geology, topography, vegetation and land use. The effect of any of these variables may vary greatly from one geographic location to another, and the relative importance of controlling factors often varies within a given land resource area. Studies revealed that sediment yield per unit area generally decreases as drainage area increases. As drainage area increases, average land slopes usually decrease; and there is less probability of an intense rainstorm over the entire basin. Both phenomena tend to decrease sediment yield per unit area. In arid regions, sparse precipitation and low run‐off are the limiting factors. As precipitation increases, density of vegetation also increases, resulting in less erosion. In areas with adequate and evenly distributed precipitation, vegetation thus becomes the limiting factor. The accuracy of the sedimentation surveys varied, ranging from reconnaissance type measurements of sediment deposits to detailed surveys consisting of closely spaced cross‐sections or contours. Runoff data are translated to inches per year per unit area and sediment deposition data to tons per year per square mile of net drainage area. Net drainage area is defined as the sediment‐contributing area and normally excluded areas above upstream reservoirs or other structures that were effective sediment traps. Actual sediment yields undoubtedly were slightly higher because most reservoirs do not trap inflowing sediment. Sediment Yield vs. Drainage Area: ‐ On the average, sediment yield is inversely proportional to the 0.16 power of drainage area between 1 and 30,000 square miles. Sediment Yield vs. Runoff: ‐ Sediment yield increased sharply to about 1,860 tons per square mile per year as run‐off increased from 0 to about 2 inches. As runoff increased from 2 to about 50 inches, sediment yield decreased exponentially. Because sediment yield must approach zero as runoff approaches zero, a curve through the plotted points must begin at the origin. The abrupt change in slope of a curve through the data points at Q equals 2 inches

Precluded the development of a continuous function that would adequately define this relationship. Thus, there are two equations derived for when Q was less than 2 inches and when Q was greater than 2 inches.

Combined Effect of Drainage area and Surface Run off on Sediment Yield

Dandy‐ Bolton determined the combined influence of runoff and drainage area on sediment yield to compute the sediment yield. They developed two equations i.e. for run off less than 2 inch and for run off more than 2 inch, which are given below:‐ Where: S = Sediment yield (tons/sq miles/yr) Q = Mean Annual runoff (inch) A = Net drainage are in sq mile

For run off less than 2 inch. (Q<2in) S=1289*(Q) 0.46*[1.43-0.26 Log (A)] F

42

For run off more than 2 inches. (Q > 2 in): S= 1958*(e ‐0.055*Q)*[1.43‐0.26 Log (A)]

s.NO Factors Probable Replenishment

1 River Parwati

2 Catchment Area 5001 km2

3 Average Annual Runoff 800 mm

4 *sediment yield formula

For Q < 2 in: S=1280*(Q) 0.46 *[1.43‐0.26 Log(A)] For Q > 2 in:

here: Q = Mean Annual runoff (inch)= 800 mm A = Catchment Area= 2892 km2

Sediment yield S= (tonnes/yr)

S= 1958*(e ‐0.055*Q )*[1.43‐0.26 Log (A)] *Source:‐ Calculation of sediment yield by the

Dandy‐ Bolton formula.

70.11 M. tons/km2 /yr Or 350631.57 M. tons/year

The area 5001 Km2 is representing the catchment area of the Parwati,. Thus, about

350631.57 M tons/year sediment will be regenerated every year in the catchment

area as replenishment against the mined out quantities. The maximum annual

production is 1.656120 million TPA. The amount of sediment regenerated every

year derived hypothetically by Dandy‐Bolton’s equation will be around

350631.57 M. tons/year for the proposed lease area. Therefore, the percentage of

replenishment is around 21 % every year .The hypothetical derivation of

replenishment data is not supported by any ground evidence as the same can be

derived only after annual study due to inconsistent rains in Rajasthan. The derived

replenishment data is based on macro‐watershed data taken from satellite

imagery with sample ground truth and annual average rainfall. The data derived is

based on SRTM 30m resolution processed using ARCGIS software with linear and

resolution factors affecting the derivation.

43

p

UNIVERSAL SOIL LOSS EQUATION

Sediment loss from water erosion Modeling sediment loss

MUSLE is a modification of the Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE). USLE is an estimate of sheet and rill soil movement down a uniform slope using rain- fall energy as the erosive force acting on the soil (Wischmeier and Smith 1978). Depending on soil characteristics (texture, structure, organic matter, and permeability), some soils erode easily while others are inherently more resistant to the erosive action of rain- fall. MUSLE is similar to USLE except for the energy component. USLE depends strictly upon rainfall as the source of erosive energy. MUSLE uses storm-based runoff volumes and runoff peak flows to simulate erosion and sediment yield (Williams 1995). The use of runoff variables rather than rainfall erosivity as the driving force enables MUSLE to estimate sediment yields for individual storm events. The water erosion model uses an equation of the form:

Y = X EK CVF PE SL ROKF

where: Y = sediment yield in tons per hectare EK = soil erodibility factor CVF = crop management factor that captures the relative effectiveness of soil and

crop management systems in preventing soil loss PE = erosion control practice factor (including management practices such as

terraces, contour farming, and strip cropping) SL = slope length and steepness factor ROKF = coarse fragment factor For estimating MUSLE, the energy factor, X, is represented by

X = 1.586 (Q q )0.56

WSA0.12

where: Q = runoff volume in millimeters qp = peak runoff rate in millimeters per hour WSA = watershed area in hectares

Runoff volume is estimated using the SCS curve number method. Peak flow was estimated using a modification of the rational method which relates rainfall to peak flow on a proportional basis. The rational equation is:

q = C i A

where: q = peak flow rate C = runoff coefficient representing watershed characteristics i = rainfall intensity for the watershed’s time of concentration A = watershed area

44

7. GENERAL PROFILE OF THE DISTRICT

7.1 River System Arwal town is situated on the right-side bank of the river Son, which is atributary to the River Ganges.River Son flows from SW to NE direction. Other river in the district is Punpun.

(Source: Geological Survey of India)

45

7.2 Climate The area experiences a continental monsoon type of climate owing to its great distance

from the sea. The climate is extreme and comprises three broad seasons-the summer,

the monsoon and the winter. The summer months from the middle of March to May are

characterized by hot blasts of westerly winds commonly known as ‘loo’. The cold spell

starts from December and continues till end of February.

The monsoon sets in the end of June. The actual average rainfall of July is 147.6 mm and

of August is 168.2 mm respectively. The months of July and August receive the maximum

rainfall when average monthly normal rainfall of 293.1 mm and 310.2mm is recorded.

The annual normal rainfall of the district (1901-1970) is 1027.3 mm.

7.3 Geomorphology Arwal district is characterized by flat quaternary alluvial plain. With average surface

elevation of 100 meter about mean sea level.

(Source: Geological Survey of India)

46

7.4 Soil The soils of the district belong to two classes- Entisols (Younger alluvial soils) and Inseptisols

(Calcareous alluvial soils). The soils of the district is rich in nitrogen and calcium and thus are

fertile.

(Source: Geological Survey of India)

47

7.5 Irrigation IRRIGATION BY DIFFERENT SOURCES

(Area in hectares)

Dugwells -

Tubewells/Borewells (STW) 22000

Tanks/ponds Nil

Canals 18000

Other Sources 6000

Net Irrigated Area 35000

Gross Irrigated Area 46000

The principal crops of the districts include paddy, wheat and maize. As per available statistic out of the gross crop area of 53999 hectares, the net area irrigated by different sources like tubewells, canals etc are 35000 hectares.

7.6 Demography According to the 2011 census Arwal district has a population of 700,843 (3,63,497 males

and 3,37,346 females). The district has a population density of 1,099 inhabitants per square

kilometre (2,850/sq mi).

As per the Census India 2011, Arwal district has 1,18,222 households. The population of

children between age 0-6 is 1,27,841, which is 18.24% of total population.

The sex-ratio of Arwal district is around 927 compared to 918 which is average of Bihar

state. The literacy rate of Arwal district is 69.54%.

7.7 Forest The total land available in the district is 195966.08 acres. Forest coverage is very small.

Presence of Tiger, Leopard, Hyena, Sloth bear, Wolf, Wild dog, Wild boar, Sambar, Spotted

deer, Nilgai, Hare, etc. have been reported from the forests of the area. Pea fowl, Jungle

fowl, Partridge, Black & Gray quail, Hornbill, Parrot, Dove, etc. in addition to above, a lot of

reptiles- snakes as python and small creatures are also found in the area.

Flora of the area:-

The important Tree species of Bihar are Sal (Shorea robusta), Shisham, Teak, Gamhar, Kadamb, Semal, Neem Peepal Bargad, Arjun, Asan, Haldu, Mahua and Kend etc.

The State of Bihar is rich in wild animals. The important Terrestrial species are Tiger, Leopard, Bear, Hyena, Bison, Chital, Barking Deer etc.

48

7.8 Hydrogeology

(Source: Geological Survey of India)

49

The district is underline by vast tract of flat Indo Gangetic Alluvium of quaternary edge. The alluvial sediments are made up of gavel sands, Silk and clay. The gravels and the sand layers are good ground water repositories.

Thickness of the alluvial deposit is not precisely known due to lac of exploratory drilling. However, the thickness of the alluvium more than 140 m as per as exploratory drilling in adjacent Jehanabad district is concerned. The potential of tubewells within 50 m bgl is expected to be 15-20 m3/hr. The yields potential of tubewells deeper aquifer in 140mbgl is expected to be around 80m3/hr. The drilling information from the surrounding areas and the skate agencies reveal that shallow thin aquifers exist within 50m depth which may yield around 20 m3/hr.

50

Fig.- Pre- monsoon depth to water level map of Arwal district

Fig.- Post- monsoon depth to water level map of Arwal district, Bihar.

51

8. Land Utilization Pattern of the District

AGRICULTURE DISTRIBUTION

(A) Land Distribution

Total Geographic Area 195966.08 Acer

Net Area Under Cultivation 129166.39

Current Follow Land 44684.63

Area Under Non-Agriculture Use 22115.06

(B) Cropping Pattern

Wheat , Maze , Sugarcane

Cultivated Block Area( in Acre) Area (in Hecter) Area( In Kilometer)

(a) Kaler 35724.35 14646.98 146.47

(b) Arwal 29870.16 12246.77 122.47

Uncultivated Area

(A) Kurtha 21098.62 8650.43 86.50

(B) Karpi 45714.87 18743.10 187.43

(C) Sonbhadra- Banshi - SuryaPur 24293.26 9960.24 99.60

Total 156701.26 64247.52 642.47

Total Area of The District 156701 Acre

Total Area of Waste Land 31 Acre

Urban and rural areas mainly depend on Socio-economic and Socio-cultural factors.

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The salient features of land use pattern in the district (2009-10) are given below:-

Area Under Cultivation: 129166 hectares

Barren & unculturable land: 2180 hectares

Culturable waste land: 2180 hectares

Permanent pastures: 151hectares

Other fallow land: 1632 hectares

Current fallow: 5804 hectares

Net area sown:- 41732

Gross cropped area; 53999 hectares

Cropping Intensity- 129.4

Net area irrigated by different sources: 35000 hectares

Source: Directorate of Economics & Statistics, Govt. of Bihar

The principal crops of the districts include paddy, wheat and maize. As per available statistic out of the gross crop area of 53999 hectares, the net area irrigated by different sources like tubewells, canals etc are 35000 hectares.

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9. Physiography of The District

The Bihar state can be broadly subdivided into three major units i.e main physical subdivisions are the Northern Mountains, the Gangetic Plains and the Central Highlands. Northern Mountains comprises the Himalayan ranges including their foot hills. The Gangetic Plains, situated between the Himalayas and the Deccan plateau, constitute the most fertile plains of the sub-basin ideally suited for intensive cultivation. The Central highlands lying to the south of the Great plains consists of mountains, hills and plateaus intersected by valleys and river plains. They are largely covered by forests. Aravali uplands, Bundelkhand upland, Malwa plateau, Vindhyan ranges and Narmada valley lie in this region. Predominant soil types found in the sub-basin are sandy, loamy, clay and their combinations such as sandy loam, loam, silty clay loam and loamy sand soils. Arwal district is characterized by flat quaternary alluvial plain. With average surface elevation of 100 meter about mean sea level.

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10. Rainfall: Month wise

The area receives rainfall by South-West monsoon. Rainy season sets in the middle of June and lasts till September. The normal average rainfall in the district is 1130 mm.

1) The District Rainfall in millimetres shown below are the arithmetic averages of Rainfall of stations under the district.

YEAR 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 5 Years’

Average Sl.No Month Avg Avg Avg Avg Avg

1 Jan 15.3 0.0 5.8 28.4 33.6 16.62

2 Feb 0.0 13.5 37.1 3.7 0.9 11.04

3 March 1.5 0.0 3.8 31.9 1.6 7.76

4 April 4.7 58.7 0.0 71.4 7.2 28.4

5 May 18.5 153.3 196.6 53.7 92.0 102.82

6 June 77.4 186.1 85.3 210.2 104.9 132.78

7 July 301.6 143.8 366.3 350.1 315.3 295.42

8 August 142.7 256.8 203.3 310.7 117.1 206.12

s9 Sep 124.0 160.4 149.6 188.0 330.1 190.42

10 Oct 54.0 319.3 9.0 11.4 37.1 86.16

11 Nov 17.7 6.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.9

12 Dec 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.04

The Indian Meteorological Department, Nagpur, vide letter No. NAGPUR RMC/CS-312, dated 18th January, 2016 has provided the period of Rainy Season viz. Normal dates of Onset and Withdrawal of South West Monsoon over India as state-wise. The duration for the period is 10th June to 15th October.

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11. GEOLOGY AND THE MINERAL WEALTH OF THE AREA

The area comprises of a domain of depositional activity of the Quartenary Sediments. This domain of depositional activity can be further sub-divided on the basis of topography, soil, morphological and geological characters into three units namely:

I. The present day flood plain – Diara formation / Surface

II. Older flood plain -- Fatwa formation / Surface

III. Alluvial Upland -- Nawada formation / Surface

Alluvial upland is the oldest, highest and most extensively developed alluvial terrace of the area ranging in elevation from 68 m to 54 m above M.S.L. It is monotonously flat country with gentle north-easterly slope. Locally there is slight variation in general slope direction and smoothness of the surface due to subsequent surficial erosion / deposition activities. Subsequent surficial erosion / deposition activities. In this depositional surface, the top soil and sub soil are highly oxidized highly oxidized, impregnated with calcareous concretions. It is represented by dark-grey, silty clay to clay. This surface is mostly concealed under the present day flood plain surface, which occurs as narrows elongated and discontinuous patches along present – stream courses and comprises the natural levee of the present stream and also as the point bar, lateral bars and channel- bar deposits of these rivers. Sand and brick clay pockets are formed along the bank of the rivers are good raw materials for making bricks and in building construction.

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(Source: Geological Survey of India)

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(Source: Geological Survey of India)

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Rocks and Minerals found in Arwal District:-

➢ DOLERITE :-

Dolerite is a dark igneous rock intermediate in grain size between basalt and gabbro. Consisting of plagioclase feldspar and pyroxene, it is a widespread intrusive rock, quarried for crushed and monumental stone (known as “black granite”). Formation of Dolerite:- Dolerite cools under basaltic volcanoes, like those at mid-ocean ridges. It cools moderately quickly when magma moves up into fractures and weak zones below a volcano. There, it forms dikes (tabular igneous rock bodies that cut across pre-existing rock layers or bodies) or sills (tabular igneous rock bodies that form parallel to pre-existing rock layers). The moderate cooling rate allows small visible crystals to form in the rock.

Crystal sizes in Dolerite:- Dolerite has some large crystals, making it a kind of rock known

as porphyry. The different crystal sizes are the result of different rates of coolong as the

magma cooled slowly deep in a magma chamber. Later the magma with the large

phenocrysts, in dolerite are feldspar crystals that grew as the magma cooled slowly deep in

magma chamber. Later the magma with the large phenocrysts moved upward quickly,

causing more rapid cooling of the rest of the magma and the formation of the small crystals

that make up the rest of the rock.

Geographical Location of Dolerite in District- In Arwal district Dolerite are found in Kaler

block.

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12. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

12.1 Drainage system with description of main rivers

Drainage system with description of main river

Sl.no Name of the River

Cross Section area of catchment (square

km) (Cosidering 500 m Both Side from bank of the river)

District of Arwal area in (square km)

% Area Drained in the District

1 Son 99 638 15.52

12.2 Salient features of Important Rivers and Streams

Salient Features of Important River and Streams

S.no Name of the River

Stream Total Length in the

District (in km) place of Origin Altitude at Origin

1 Son 33 Pokhara 1557

12.3 Mineral Potential and Annual Deposition

Name of the River

Portion of the River

Strem Recommended for Mineral

Concession ( in km )

Length of are

recommended for mineral

concession (in km)

Length of are

recommended for mineral

concession (in

meter)

Average width of

are recommended for mineral

concesion (in

meters)

Depth in

meter (as per

statue)

Volume recommended for mineral

concesion (in

square meters)

Area recommended for mineral

concesion (in cum)

Mineable

Mineral

Potential (in

metric tonne)60% of tatal

mineral

potential

Son 33 12.05 12050 419 0.5 2465000 4930000 279531

0

Note- Density of sand= 1.89 ton/m3

Current Mineral Potential (2018 pre monsoon period)

Name of the River Boulder (MT) Bajari (MT) Total resuorcess in

mt recommended for mineral consesion

total Mineable Mineral Potential

at 60% (MT)

Son Nil Nil 4658850 2795310

Average annual depotion observed (2018 post monsoon period)

Son Nil Nil 4658850 2795310

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13. DISASTER RISK MANAGEMENT

The Basis The fundamentals of existence lie in the struggle one has fought, the instruments one has used and the lessons one has learnt to survive. In this respect, Bihar‘s struggle for existence is far more grim than most of the states. It has undergone mitosis for as many as four times and has suffered through disasters of the worst kind many a time.

The Vision :

Right from the days following the battle of Buxar in 1764 after which Bihar was passed

on to East India Company as a part of the Bengal Presidency, to 1912 when Bihar and

Orissa were separated as one State, to 1936 when both Bihar and Orissa were made

independent States, to 1956 when some key areas of Bihar was included in West

Bengal, to 2000 when Bihar was divided to form the state of Jharkhand, the State has

went on losing its natural resource base and got pushed to confine within an area

prone to all sort of hazard: earthquake, flood, cyclonic storm/Gale /Hail Storm,

drought, fire, extreme cold and heat waves etc.

For such a state of hazards which Bihar is, the VISION of Disaster Management is :

“To attain a position where people are ready to help themselves, local

bodies to extend mutual help, the administration to organize public help and

the government to facilitate the helping of helpers.”

The Objectives:

In order to achieve the Mission, the objectives of the plan have been set as :

i. Treating community as the primary stakeholder and first respondent in the Disaster Management Plan, focusing on disaster risk reduction, prevention, mitigation and preparedness measures.

ii. Emphasizing preparedness at the community level and readiness at the local bodies level.

iii. Facilitating the role play by the administration and government departments and other stakeholders through institutional mechanism.

iv. Creation of specialized institutions to make disaster management an inclusive exercise and to wed it to development initiatives.

v. To create a dependable early warning system to warn the people and activate other stakeholders.

vi. Ensuring quick response and providing relief with care and attention to those belonging to the marginalized section.

vii. To undertake rehabilitation with "Build Back Better" motif.

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The Approach :

The process adopted for the formulation of the Plan has been

i. Holistic: Covering all the hazards the state is vulnerable to.

ii. Integrative: Covering prevention, mitigation, preparedness & response measures.

iii. Participative: Including the affected people, the Panchayati Raj Institutions, the district administration, the government departments & expert institutions.

iv. Associative: Creating space for the support and help from the corporate bodies, civil societies, NGOs, CBOs and others and solicit their participation in disaster management.

EQ Zone V- 10.9%

Wind Velocity m/s 55 & 50 - 5%

Flood Prone Area in % - 7.9%

IV- 17.3% 47- 40.2%

III- 30.4% 44&39- 48%

II- 41.4% 33- 6.7%

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FLOOD PRONE AREA IN BIHAR:

Source: Developed on Inputs from DMD, GoB

2. Flood— Most Vulnerable : East Champaran, Sheohar, Sitamarhi, Katihar,

Madhubani, Vaishali, Muzaffarpur, Darbhanga,

Samastipur, Madhepra, Supaul, Saharsa,

Khagaria, Begusarai, Bhagalpur.

Vulnerable : West Champaran, Gopalganj, Siwan, Saran,

Buxar, Bhojpur, Patna, Nalanda, Lakhisarai,

Sheikhpura, Purnia, Araria, Kishanganj

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DROUGHT PRONE AREAS

Source: Developed on Inputs from DMD, GoB

3. Drought — Vulnerable District : Gaya, Nawada Jamui, Nalanda, Lakhisarai

Prone District : Jehanabad, Arwal, Aurangabad

Likely District : Kaimur, Bhojpur, Buxar, Rohtas, Banka

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Conclusion 16 (sixteen) nos of sand blocks of approx. area around 24 Ha each with mineable mineral potential of 2795310 MT has been identified in Son river where sand mining can be done with consultation of government authorities before opting for E.C. or any other statutory clearences.

References

• District Mining Office – ARWAL

• Geology of Bihar and Jharkhand by T. M. Mahadevan

• National Institute of Disaster Management Report

• Report of Central Ground Water Board, Ministry of Water Resources- State Unit

Office, Ranchi, September 2013

• http://arwal.bih.nic.in/

• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arwal district

• http://mines.bih.nic.in/

• Geology & Mineral Resources Of The States Of India – Geological Survey Of India,

Part V – Bihar And Jharkhand