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Texas-Germany Bilateral Dialogue on Challenges an Opportunitiers in the Electricity Market
Distribution systems in Germany – smart investments, digital
operation and an evolving role in the energy system
Austin, Texas, 27.02.2018
Distribution systems in Germany…
888 DSOs in Germany operate more than 1.150.000 km on low voltage level
(0,4 kV) and 510.000 km on medium voltage level (10-20 kV).
Networks on high voltage level (110 kV) with an overall length of 95.000 km
are also counted as distribution systems in Germany.
More than 49 Mio. customers (46 Mio. residential customers and 3 Mio.
industry and commerce) are connected to these distribution systems.
The sum of network tariffs in distribution networks is more than 25 bn. EUR
per year and is very unequally distributed among the DSOs in Germany.
Distribution systems in Germany – smart investments, digital operation and an evolving role in the energy system 2
netw
ork
tari
ffs
(ho
use
ho
ld)
in G
erm
an
y 2
016
178
586
106
18
< 100 km 100 km - 1.000 km 1.000 km - 10.000 km > 10.000 km
Nu
mb
er
of
DSO
s in
Germ
an
y
Lenght of power lines per DSO
A share of 96 % of RE systems in Germany (∑ 100 GW) are connected
in distribution systems - 42 % on medium voltage level (42 GW).
RE systems are unequally distributed in Germany and among the
DSOs: only for 5 % of all DSOs, the installed generation capacity
exceeds the peak load – a large share of DSOs has no RE systems
connected to their network.
Due to congestion on TSO and DSO level, more than 3,7 TWh of RES
infeed was curtailed in 2016.
… were successful in integrating more than 100 GW of RE systems until 2017.
Distribution systems in Germany – smart investments, digital operation and an evolving role in the energy system 3
45 41 8 ∑ 104 GW
4%
1%
20%
7%
42%
1%
25%
LV
MV
HV
MV/LV
HV/MV
EHV/HV EHV
Vo
ltag
e level o
f R
ES c
on
nect
ion
Ao
llo
cati
on
of
sola
r p
ow
er
in G
erm
an
y
Ao
llo
cati
on
of
win
d p
ow
er
in G
erm
an
y
366
54
312
172
140
104
36
458
183
275
92
183 138
45
162
164 66
98 66
32
1990 2015 2030 2050
power
heat
mobility
CO
2-E
mis
sio
ns
in p
ow
er,
heat,
mo
bilit
y s
ect
or
in G
erm
an
y*
[Mio
. t]
-15 %
-40 %
-60 %
-40 %
-62 %
-90 %
-80 %
-90 %
∑ 986
∑ 751
∑ 421
∑ 113
Ambitious political targets concerning decarbonization in combination with
major social and technological trends will further change the energy landscape.
4
Digitalization
Demographic
change
Individualization
New pattern
of mobility
Changes in working
environment
Decarbonization
Urbanization
Electrification
Battery Systems
Local generation
(esp. Solar)
Communalization
and autarky
Distribution systems in Germany – smart investments, digital operation and an evolving role in the energy system
+ +
tech
nolo
gic
al
tren
ds
soci
al tr
en
ds
Scenario 2050 for Germany
• 320 GW RES capacity
• 100 % E-Mobility (40 Mio.)
• 8 Mio. electric heat pumps
• Load: 750 TWh / 150 GW
The further development of the energy landscape will lead to high investment
needs in distribution systems in Germany.
Distribution systems in Germany – smart investments, digital operation and an evolving role in the energy system 5
-
10
20
30
40
50
60
128 GW RES 139 GW RES 209 GW RES
LV MV HV HV (additional costs for cable)
E-Bridge simulated the investment needs caused by
RES integration on behalf of the Federal Ministry
for Economic Affairs and Energy (BMWi) in 2014.
Depending on the scenario, investments up to 50
bn. EUR until 2032 are necessary in German
distribution systems („business as usual“).
Another result of the study was the adaption of the
legal framework by allowing an innovative network
planning procedure for DSOs.
To avoid investments for RES peaks which occur
only a few times a years, DSOs are allowed to take
into account a curtailment of 3 % of the infeed of
RES (energy) which equals up to 40 % of peak load.
(“Spitzenkappung”).
Hurdle: The regulatory framework does not reward
the overall cost reduction but gives an incentive for
investments, so that this innovative planning
procedure is used “hesitantly”.
Invest
men
ts in
Dis
trib
uti
on
Netw
ork
s in
Germ
an
y
du
e t
o R
ES in
teg
rati
on
[b
n.]*
*results of study „Moderne Verteilnetze für Deutschland“ in behalf of BMWi, 2014
The Role of a DSO and the corresponding tasks will change significantly.
Distribution systems in Germany – smart investments, digital operation and an evolving role in the energy system 6
For a long time, the electrical energy supply system was characterized by power generation in central power plants
connected to the transmission grid.
The described developments fundamentally change this structure, because all essential transformation processes take place
in the distribution network.
By 2050, more than 60 million new, actively controllable and largely intelligent systems will be connected to the distribution
network and shape a the new energy landscape.
Thus the complexity of current tasks of DSOs will increase and new tasks will be part the new role „DSO 2.0“:
Congestion management with decentralized flexibility of solar power, batteries, electric heat
pumps, E-mobility etc.
Black-start and island operation of distribution systems
Coordination of alternative flexibility use cases (e.g. TSO)
(„flexibility market“)
Business models at the interface between market and network
Pre-condition for a successful energy transition is a high degree of digitalization
and automatization in distribution networks – but this is not the case today.
The new role “DSO 2.0” can only be successfully fulfilled with high degree of automatization and digitalization, e.g. a wide-
ranging state estimation of the network, especially on low voltage level - this is far away from todays reality.
The smart rollout in Germany, the desired digital platform, is planned to be finished in 2032 and has not yet begun.
Another major effect of digitalization: The business (revenue) of network operation will decrease since only a share of todays
staff is required and investments will be obsolete by actively control generation, demand and thus load flow.
The regulatory framework in Germany does not reward efficiency and digitalization. If no other drivers push digitalization,
the speed of increase of efficiency is not and will not be „breathtaking“ in the near future.
7
Network Operation today Network Operation 4.0
Automatization of processes and
interfaces with third parties
State Estimation of networks
Consistent network data set
and system integration
…
Distribution systems in Germany – smart investments, digital operation and an evolving role in the energy system
Current situation of distribution systems in Germany in a nutshell.
8
The DSOs in Germany, which show a great variety in size, network tariffs, know how and area of supply, did a fantastic job in
last years by successfully connecting more than 100 GW RES (peak load in Germany: 80 GW).
The „second wave“ of energy transition in Germany with further RES expansion, an electrification of heating and mobility and
new ways of producing, storing and consuming energy will lead to further investments in distribution systems.
We see a bright future for DSOs by increasing quality and cutting costs at the same time making use of automatization and
digitalization. A “DSO 2.0” can fulfill a more complex, active and responsible role in the energy system.
The transformation in a digital „network operation 4.0“ is a long way to go – perhaps Germany can learn from digital
experience in network operation in Texas?
Distribution systems in Germany – smart investments, digital operation and an evolving role in the energy system
9
Dr. Henning Schuster
E-Bridge Consulting GmbH
Baumschulallee 15
53115 Bonn
tel: +49 228 90 90 65 16
mob: +49 172 271 10 02
email: [email protected]
www.e-bridge.com
Distribution systems in Germany – smart investments, digital operation and an evolving role in the energy system
Disclaimer 10
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Version die Inhalte des original ausgedruckten Foliensatzes der
E-Bridge Consulting GmbH.
E-Bridge Consulting GmbH lehnt jede Verantwortung für jeden direkten, indirekten, konsequenten bzw. zufälligen
Schaden, der durch die nicht autorisierte Nutzung der Inhalte und Daten bzw. dem Unvermögen in der Nutzung
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Die Inhalte dieses Foliensatzes dürfen nur an Dritte in der vollständigen Form, mit dem Copyright versehen, der
Untersagung von Änderungen sowie dem Disclaimer der E-Bridge Consulting weitergegeben werden.
E-Bridge Consulting, Bonn, Germany. Alle Rechte vorbehalten.
