Distribution of methamphetamine and amphetamine in drug

abusers’ head hair

Sooyeun Lee , Eunyoung Han, Yonghoon Park, Hwakyung Choi, Heesun Chung Forensic Science International 2 0 0 9

NH

NH

NH

NH

NHพ.ต.ต. ธนบู�รณ์ ธชศฤงคารสกุ�ล รหัส 51312341

ดร.ศ�ร�รตน ช�สกุ�ลเกุร�ยง อ.ที่��ปร กุษา

The target

In the current study hair re sults collected for last thre

e years were evaluated usi ng the same statistical man

ner. The MA and AP concent rations in hair were put into

three groups and the meta-bolite to- parent drug ratios

of each group were examin ed. Furthermore, the conce

ntration ranges proposed h ere were applied to the inte

rpretation of five actual cases.

Comparisons of pubic, axillary, and head hair b y APand MAconcentrations and the ratios of A

P/MAPubic hair (n = 4 1 ) Axillary hair

- - The study of metabolite to parent drug ratios of metham- phetamine and methylenedioxymethamphet

amine in hair *Eunyoung Han , Yonghoon Park, Wonkyung Yang, Jaesin L

KKKK KKKK KKKK KKKKKK KKKKK, ,, ,

Pubic hair Axillary hair Head hair(n = 41) (n = 14) n = 2389

AP concentration (ng/mg) 0.14–8.35 (1.02) 0.22–6.58 (1.57) 0.13–13.39 (0.87) 09164781554 17655501782 051193751180MA concentration (ng/mg) . – . ( . ) . – . ( . ) . – . ( . )

/ 0 . 0 2 –0 .2 9 (0 .0 8 ) 0 .0 6 –0 .1 6 (0 .1 1 ) 0 .0 0 4 –1 .1 6 (0 .0 9 )

( ) 2 9 –5 1 (3 9 ) 2 9 –4 9 (3 9 ) 1 7 –6 9 (3 7 )

KKKKKKK KK KKKKKKKKKKK KKKKKK KKK K KKK KKKKKKK.

Overview

- Introduction - D rug abuse

- H ead hair structure

- Method

- Experiment

- Sample preparation

- GC/MS analysis

- Results and discussion

- Conclusion

Drug abuse

- M ethamphetamine (MA)

-Molecular weight :149.23 g/mol

-Melting point : 170-175 °C

- A mphetamine (AP)

-Molecular weight : 135.21 g/mol

-Melting point : 281-285 °C

Head hair structure

-Hair is constituted by fibrous proteins

- α-keratin (85-93%)

- melanins

- water (3-5%)

- lipid (1-9%)

- mineral compound (0.25-0.95%)

The duration of stages growth may influence length of hair and

density of a scalp. Hair growth varies between 0.7 and 3.6 cm/month,

a mean of 1 cm/month is generally accepted.

Method Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS)

Sample preparation

washed hair samples

cut and weighe d accurately

add in 1% HCl in methano l for 20 h at 38 ˚C

add -MA d5

andAPd

5

evaporated at4 5 C̊under N

2 gas

derivatized with 1 0 0 ml of trifluoroacetic

anhydride (TFAA)/ethyl a cetate(1:1) incubated at6 5 ˚C for 1 5 min

evaporated at4 5 C̊under N

2 gas

reconstituted i n ethanol

gas chromatography–mass spe ctrometry (GC–MS)

GC/MS analysis

GC condition

- col umn: - HP 5 MS capillary column

- injector temperature: 2 6 0 ◦C

- col umntemperature: initial temperature 100◦C( 1min) increase to 2 7 0 ◦C

ata rate of 2 0 ◦C/min to 2 7 0 ◦C( 10min)

- detector: MS analyzer (SIM mode) ; MA, m/z 154, 118, 110,91

; AP, m/z 140, 118, 91

; MA-d5, 158, 122 ; AP-d5, 144, 122

MA and AP concentrations (ng/mg) in drug ab users’ head hair (no. of cases = 2 0 7 0 ,

no. of segments 2355= )K K AP Interpretation

K KK-KKK 0 .5 0.1

KKKKKKKK KKKKK 0 .7 0.1K KKK 2 1 .0 15

K KKKK KK 0 .5 0.1

Percentile 25 42 04. .

K KKKKK 101. 0 .8

Percentile 75 2 4 .5 17.K KKKK KK 6 0 8 .9 414.

CKKKKKKKKKKKKK of K K , K K and the ratios of AP/MA of h ead hair

A. Miki [9]

MA user

E. Han [5]

MA user

No. of case 15 2389

MA concentration (ng/mg)

0.9 - 56.4 0.51 - 193.75

0.87

17.8

- Mean (ng/mg)

- Median (ng/mg)

AP concentration (ng/mg)

- Median (ng/mg)

- Mean (ng/mg)

7.2

0.1 – 3.5

0.9

11.80

0.13 – 13.39

-

0.5 -

T. Cairns [10] volunteer subjects from

drug rehabilitation programs

40

0.2 - 34.4

10.2

6.2

0.0 - 4.5

1.0

0.7

MA and AP concentrations (ng/mg) in drug ab users’ head hair (no. of cases = 2 0 7 0 ,

no. of segments 2355= )K K K K

-Cut off 0 .5 0.1

Standard error

0 .7 0.1

Mean 2 1 .015.

Minimum 0 .5 0.1Percentile25 4.2 0.4Median 101.

0.8Percentile75 24.5

1.7 Maximum 6089.414.

Low range

Medium range

High range

Distribution of AP/MA ratios.

mean

median

Interpretation of MA and AP concentrations in drug abusers’ he ad hair.

Subject Segmentno.

Hair length (cm)

Concentrations(ng/mg)

Interpretation

MA AP

A 1

1

1

1

2

1

4

3

B

C

D

E

3

3

3

3

2-9

6-12

12

3-4

1.0

5.9

2.4

1.4

124.5

6.9

3.2

12.0

0.1

0.6

0.1

0.3

5.6

1.3

0.3

0.2

medium

high

low to medium

low

low

low

low

medium

Conclusion

This evaluation was useful to provide the police with more understandable information on the presumed severity of drug use

than quantitative values only.

It could also facilitate the court’s decision regarding specific circumstances surroundi

ng the drug-related crimes.

TFA derivatives of methamphetamine,amphetamine

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