Distributed OnDemand Air Distributed On-Demand Air Transportation Using Small Airplanes and Small and Underutilized Community and Small and Underutilized Community Airports

8/12/2019 Distributed OnDemand Air Distributed On-Demand Air Transportation Using Small Airplanes and Small and Underutilized Community and Small and Underutilized Community Airports

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-Transportation Using Small Airplanes

Airports

Jerry N. HefnerNational Institute of Aerospace

Hampton, VAUSA

Hamburg, GermanySeptember 7, 2006


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Outline

Vision

Project

Status

Next Steps

Conclusions


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Current System Cannot Meet Future Needs

Hub Airports Are Approaching Gridlock During

Primary Operating Hours Demand at Hub Airports Will Grow by 200M

Passengers Over the Next Decade

NAS Gridlock Projections


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Air Travel is Becoming Increasingly Inefficient

Travel time by Car is Essentially the Same for Travel

Distances of 500 Miles or Less

After September 11, Hub Delays Have CausedBusiness Travelers to Seek Alternative Means of

Conducting Business, Especially for Short Trips Increased Business & Corporate Jet Travel

e econ erenc ng

Automobile


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Small Aircraft Transportation

To Bring Attractive, Affordable Air Transportation

Service to Every Community in America.


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ECONOMIC IMPACT OF SATS

Attractive Alternative for Transportation of People and Cargo for

Distances Between 200 and 800 Miles

Viable Transportation System for Citizens Living in Rural Areas NotServed b Commercial Air Service

Essential Transportation for Disaster Relief Efforts

New Service and Manufacturing Opportunities in a Community

New Jobs in Markets Such as Car Rental Hotels Restaurants etc.


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SATS Project:Develop/Demonstrate Feasibility of Four

mpor an pera ng apa es

ower an ng n mums atMinimally Equipped Landing Facil ities

Higher Volume Operations (HVO)in Non-Radar Airs ace and at Non-

Towered Airports

Increase Single-Pilot Performance

(SPP) Crew Safety & Mission Reliability

En Route Procedures & Systems for

Integrated (ERI) Fleet Operations


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Government/Industr Partnershi

National Consortium for Aviation

Mobilit (NCAM)


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Developed computer software to blend imagery on PFD

en an mages us ng a ap ve we g e average

Proportion of FLIR imagery increases as aircraft approaches

runway uccess u operat on emonstrate on recor e v eo

70% SV and 30% IR 20% SV and 80% IR


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LLM Flight Experiment

Demonstrated

-

accuracy and

situation

awareness

approach

operations to 200-

foot ceiling and1/2-

mile visibility


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Higher Volume Operations

Increase rate of operations at non-radar, non-towered airports by

Enabling Technologies:

.

Self Controlled Area (SCA)

40004000Ground-based AMM assigns sequence toarriving aircraft; seamlessly supportstraffic flow enerated b ATC controller.

Ai rport Management Module (AMM)

3000

2000

3000

IF

IAF

IAF

Pilots maintain separation

between themselves and otheraircraft using procedures and

Pilots operating in the SCA use: Multi-Function Display, Automat ic Dependent

Surveillance-Broadcast, two-way data link,

on-board automation. HVOconcept works for manydifferent approach geometries.

on board software, and sequence information from

ground automation (AMM)


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Higher Volume Operations

NASA Langley Flight Experiment

Showed pilots can fly these procedures safely,proficiently and with acceptable levels of

workload and situation awareness9

3

Baseline

3

4

5

6

7

8

1

1.5

2

2.5 SATS

0

1

2

Sc enar io 3 v s. 4 Sc enar io 5 v s. 6 Sc ena rio 7 v s. 8

0

0.5

Sc en ar io 3 v s. 4 Sc en ar io 5 vs . 6 Sc en ar io 7 v s. 8WORKLOAD SITUATION AWARENESS

Results Simulation and Flight Experiments of pi lots and controllers show a four-fold increase in

number of operations without an increase in workload or complexity. Flights into non-radar, non-towered airports predictable and efficient; air taxi and

charter operations become economical.


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in le-Pilot Performance

Pilot Cockpit AssociateLow-cost Electronic Flight Instrument System forgeneral aviation; Electronic Flight Bag

HVO Confl ict Alerting

Weather monitoring

Approach procedures

Navigation, performance, and safety information

Flight planning capabili ties

Aircraft health through audiosystem and MFD

Weather monitoring HVO funct ionality to the pilot


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En Route Integration

En Route Procedures & Systems for Integrated Fleet Operations

Focused on two areas:

Develop technologies/procedures to facilitate

NAS implementation and interaction

aircraft once inside the SCAWork with FAA to assess operational effectiveness of SATS concepts,

technolo ies and re uired airs ace/ rocedures

Traffic Modeling:

Modeling to assess the impact on NAS traffic density and flow

Project future point-to-point traffic demand triggered by SATS

Model impact of increased point-to-point traffic on NAS traffic density and

flow

Assess ability of NAS infrastructure to absorb increased traffic


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En Route Procedures & Systems for Integrated Fleet Operations

Proof of Concept simulation experiments:

Danville Regional Airport Philadelphia TRACON Joint FAATC/LaRC Simulation

Simulation Results:

aircraft into and out of SCA.

Potential to ease future airport congestion and delays. Procedures viable for non-towered air orts. Tailor size of SCA to specific airport sites. Refine clearance procedures and phraseology. Further research with mixed equipage.


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Transportation Systems

ssessmen s

Developed new and/or upgraded existingtransportation systems analytical modelsand simulation tools

to address key transportation modelvariables (being used by JPDO)

For case studies and simulations for:

North Carolina

Ohio Upper Great Plains Virginia c gan Northeast Corridor & the Southeast

Results (validated by providers) If operators could charge

$1.50 - $2.00/seat-mile they canmake a 20% profit

rate

2025 Demand Growth


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2025 Demand Growthrelative to 2005 level

OneOne--Way SATS trips in 2025:Way SATS trips in 2025:58,400 passengers/day58,400 passengers/day

Trips greater than 100 milesTrips greater than 100 miles

25,800 fl ights/day25,800 fl ights/day

1001006,0006,000 -- 7,000 VLJs7,000 VLJs 9090

808071d

(%)

d(%)

Personal

Business7070

606048D

ema

n

Dema

n

4040

3030 29reased

reased

2020

1010IncInc


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SATS Project Accomplishments

Demonstrated feasibili ty of enhanced operating capabilitiesto perm t more re a e access to commun ty a rportsincluding:

need for expensive radar, control towers, or groundnavigation systems

Guidance system for safe, reliable aircraft operationto/from small airports in low visibility conditions

g con ro an gu ance sp ays or sa e, easy- o- y,single pilot aircraft operation with enhanced situationawareness

Acknowledged as the first step toward the Next GenerationAir Transportation System - Capabilities directly contribute to


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What is Status of SATS Toda ?

Small airplanes are util izing small Cessna MustangCessna Mustang EmbraerEmbraerairports Fractional ownership Air charters

Air taxis

The number of small advancedpiston and VLJ aircraft

EclipseEclipse DiamondDiamond

manufacturers is growing.

FAA is now embracing ideas for Adam AircraftAdam AircraftAdam AircraftAdam Aircraft HondaHondasmall aircraft using small airports.

SATS Project did not completeneeded research.

Both im lementation and

ToyotaToyotaAvocetAvocetAvocetAvocet

additional R&D is required


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Next Steps

er ca on o eve opeSystems

HUD

EFB/CA Low-Cost Wx/Lighting

Evaluation Trial

Operations


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Independent Assessment andGuidance for Federal R&D

Investments in Aeronautics Report published in Apri l

2005, but did not includeSATS vision

NIA conducted a supplementalassessment in Fall of 2005 ofnext ste s for SATS

The Supplemental NIA report

Provided a National Directiveto Implement SATS

Identi fied Required R&D

Published January 2006

http://www.nianet.org/nianews/community_air_transport.php


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Service Reliabilit

Integration into the Airspace

Self-control led airspace

Performance Based Operational Capability

Combined Vision


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ervice Reliabilit

Integration Into NAS

Evaluate ADS-B/Radarsurveillance at non-towered

airports

Define network centricoperation & data link

Evaluate operationalefficiencies obtained with

Assess technology to alleviatecapacity constraints andcontro er wor oa


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Service Reliability (Cont.)

Self Controlled Airspace

Modeling of Alternative SCA Concepts

SCA Automation System Development

SCA S stem Validation


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Service Reliabilit Cont.

Real-Time ANP and RNP

Determine Recommended Credits


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Service Reliabilit Cont.

Simulation and Flight Test Evaluation

S nthet ic Vision +=


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Weather afet

Real time cockpit intelligence

Enhanced weather forecasting

Airport weather sensors

Enhanced icing safety


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ea - me oc p ea er n e gence

Intuitive Weather Data Interpretation


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Weather Safet Cont.

Airport Weather Sensors

Microelectronic Sensor R&D

Airport Weather Dissemination

Slant Range Visibil ity Sensor R&D


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Weather Safet Cont.

Icing Forecasting and Avoidance

Icing Detection, Prevention, and Removal


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en ance s ng e p operformance

single pilot operation aircraft automation

open architecture

- ,

auto-flight systems envelop protection and

automation

autopilot with auto-throttle

-

real time WAAS non-precisionapproach procedure design


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ommunit om atibilit

Small aircraft safety improvement

Small aircraft and airport security

Communit noise reduction

Small aircraft emissions

Real time health safety monitoring

Small aircraft ride quality improvement

C it C tibilit


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Communit Com atibilit

Small Aircraft Safety Improvement

a e y n ancemen s rom eaMonitoring Systems

Safety Enhancements from Pilot

Training

Total System Safety Assessment


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Small Aircraft and Airportecur y

Evaluate Small Aircraftand Small AirportSecurity InfrastructureRequirements

Developed EncryptedADS-B Based Security

en ca on ys em orSmall Aircraft

on uc es ng anDevelop Standards forAirborne Small Aircraft

Community Compatibility (Cont )


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Community Compatibility (Cont.)

ommun y o se e uc on

Flight Trajectory & Aircraft SystemsNoise Reduction

Communit Com atibilit Cont


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Communit Com atibilit Cont.

Small Aircraft Emissions

New Small Aircraft EmissionModeling

-

Trajectories to MinimizeEmission Impacts to theCommunity

Reduction of Airport Emission

Impacts and CommunityFeedback

Communit Com atibilit Cont


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Communit Com atibilit Cont.

Real-Time Safety HealthMonitoring

Piezoelectric Sensor Example

Develop Structural StressSensors

Aviation Industry Collaboration

Develop Integrated HealthMonitoring Systems

Community Compatibility (Cont )


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Community Compatibility (Cont.)

Small Aircraft Ride QualityImprovement

Dynamic Modeling

RCS Algori thms & Flight Validation

Conclusions


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Conclusions

Development and Implementation of the SATS Visionprovides an important step toward the Next Generation

Trans ortation S stem

Operating Capabilit ies have been demonstrated thatenhance the accessibili t and ca acit of small andunderutilized community airports in low visibil ityconditions; single pilot performance has been enhanced

General aviation is being transformed to a transportationsystem

Additional work (implementation and R&D) required tocontinue pursuit of the SATS vision has been identified

Documents

Distributed OnDemand Air Distributed On-Demand Air Transportation Using Small Airplanes and Small and Underutilized Community and Small and Underutilized Community Airports