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Development of Distributed
Generation and Microgrids in China
Prof. Chengshan Wang
School of Electrical Engineering and Automation
Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
Workshop on Smart Grid
May 30-31, 2013
China is still in the stage of
Industrialization
Urbanization
Increasing Energy Demand:
Workshop on Smart Grid 2013
Environmental Problems:
Chinese Government:
40%~45% of GHG Emission for unit GDP
will be reduced by 2020 compared to 2005.
Abundant Renewable
Energy Resources
Demand & Pressures & Resources
0500
10001500200025003000
Pri
mary
En
erg
y
Co
nsu
mp
tio
n (
MT
OE
)
Years
Primary Energy Consumption of China
Solar Energy Resources
The 12th
Five-Year Plan
of the Development of Renewable Energy
Motivated by:
Increasing energy demand
Depleting fossil fuels
Environmental problems
Abundant renewable energy
To further:
Adjust energy structure
Transform economic development
pattern
Achieve sustainable development
Workshop on Smart Grid 2013
Goal: The percentage of non-fossil energy (to energy consumption) will
increase to: 11.4% by 2015 and 15% by 2020.
The 12th Five-Year Plan of the Development of Renewable Energy
requires to promote the development of Distributed Renewable
Energy.
County:
200 Green Energy Demonstration Counties
1000 Solar Energy Demonstration Villages
By the year of 2015:
City:
100 New Energy Demonstration Cities
1000 New Energy Demonstration Parks
Workshop on Smart Grid 2013
Microgrids: 30 New Energy Microgrids
Total investment is as much as 1800 billion Yuan (293 billion Dollars)
Distributed energy is a vital part.
Workshop on Smart Grid 2013
Incentives for DGs and Microgrids
Subsidies:
Investment
Electricity Price
Access Charge
Development Fund:
National Finance
Other Incomes according to law
Tax Preferences:
Levy-Refund Policy
Discount taxable income
Status:
Workshop on Smart Grid 2013
Distributed Generations in China
0
5,000
10,000
15,000
20,000
25,000
30,000
35,000
China USA Japan German UK Denmark
Insta
lled
Cap
acit
y (
MW
)
Installed Capacity of DGs of Major Countries in 2010
CCHP Small Hydro Solar, Wind, etc
3% 1%
2% 3%
5%
19%
67%
Composition of DGs in China
Status:
Workshop on Smart Grid 2013
Microgrids in China
Tens of Demonstration
Microgrid Constructed
Voltage Levels
380V; 10kV
Installed Capacity
1 MW; 1MW - 5 MW
5MW - 50 MW
Challenges & Solutions
Workshop on Smart Grid 2013
Theories & Technologies
Stability & Reliability
Protection & Control
Plan & Design
Energy Management
Cooperative Operation
Policies & Standards:
Blank in many key links
Non-unified
The Integration of DGs and MGs into Smart Distribution
Network:
Solutions: Challenges:
Fund research programs on key
theories and technologies
Form a complete and unified policy
& standard system
Build new adapted management
system & market mechanism
6%
K 1K
2
K
3
K4
K5
B2
B1
B3
B 4
4
Projects
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oect
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Projects supported by the Ministry of S&T
H2
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ars hR
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(36)
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High -Tech
Research
Rese
ars hR
&D
h
Key-
TecBas i c
Key-Tech R&D supported by the Ministry of S&T
K1-K3:
Comprehensive Demonstration of
Smart Distribution and Power
Utilization
(1) Tianjin Eco-city
(2) Jiangxi Gongqing City
(3) Chongming Island (SH)
K4-K5:
Comprehensive Demonstration of Smart
Grid
(1) Hainan Province
(2) Ningxia Province
Key-Tech R&D supported by the Ministry of S&T
Tianjin Eco-City:
ADA, EV, ICT, AMI, DG, MG,
ES,DSM
… …
Hainan Island:
ADA, EV, ICT,AMI,DG,MG,ES
Smart Dispatching
Large-Scale Renewables
Blackouts Prevention
… …
Chongming Island:
ADA, EV, ICT, AMI,
DG,MG,ES,DSM
WF Integration
Large-Scale ES
DC-Microgrid
Smart Dispatching
… …
Gongqing City:
ADA, EV, ICT, AMI,
DG,MG,ES
Smart Community
Digital City
… …
Ningxia Province: Large-Scale Renewables
Smart TS
Smart DS and MG
Smart Dispatching
… …
Dongfushan Island Microgrid
Wind: 210kW （7X30kW） PV : 100kW
Lead-acid batteries : 2V/1200Ah（No.480） Diesel G: 200kW
Seawater Desalination: 24kW
Inverter integrated PV & storage: 300kW MG with clean energy power sources and seawater desalination system, to
supply local electricity & water.
Past：Residential electricity shortages , and electricity supplied by diesel generation is expensive. Drinking water is produced from rain purification & shipped from Zhoushan Islands.
Workshop on Smart Grid 2013
Sino-Singapore Tianjin Eco-city:
Energy Station Microgrid
Components:
Gas Turbines (1489 kW)
PV Arrays (470 kW)
Battery Storage
Thermal Storage
Ground Source Heat Pump
Workshop on Smart Grid 2013
Sytem Structure of Energy Station Microgrid
G K4
PCC2
PCC1 k1 k2
Storage
batteries
Bidirectional
Meters
201
211
T2
10 kV Bus
GSHP 2 Electric
Cooling 4
Energy Building
2AA4-3 QF3
Load
0.4kV Bus QF5
1AA4-8
202
221
T1
GP8 Cabinet
T2
QF3
T1Microgrid
System
Parking
Lots 2
GP5 Cabinet
8P Cabinet
8P Cabinet
II Bus
I Bus
6P Cabinet
GP4 Cabinet
GP1 Cabinet
k5
Service Center
10 kV Bus
0.4kV Bus
II Bus I Bus
GSHP 1 Electric
Cooling 3
Spare
IntervalsPV Spare
IntervalsLoad Spare
IntervalsSpare
Intervals
Load Load
Parking
Lots 1
Key
Load
Operational Modes:
Switch Heating & Cooling Seasons Other Seasons Fault Situations
K4 On Off On
PCC1 On On On
PCC2 Off On On
Workshop on Smart Grid 2013
Microgrid Laboratory of Tianjin University
Distributed Generation Units:
PV: single-Si, poly-Si, thin film
Wind Turbines: PMSG, DFIG
CCHP System with Micro Turbine
Fuel Cell: PEM Fuel Cell System
Energy Storage Systems:
Static ESS: Lead-Acid, Li-Ion,
Redox Flow, Super
Capacitors
Rotating ESS: Flywheel, Com-
pressed Air
Workshop on Smart Grid 2013
Microgrid Testbed in Tianjin University
50 Operation Modes:
Single DG Unit
Multi-DG Units in
Single Bus
Multi-DG Units in
Multi-Buses
Equipped With:
Protection System
Monitor & Control
System
Microgrid Energy
Management System
10KV 10KV
380V 380V
110KV110KV
Gas
turbine
PV
Wind
power
Load
Bus
Flywhe
el
Data storage monitor protetor Auto control
EMS
SSDG
PFDGPDDG
DG dynamic data
Network data
Load data
Climate data
Hybrid
simulator
Ia
Ib
Ic
Gauss
algorithm
YU=I
Output
data
DG dynamic data
Network data
Load data
Climate data
Control
strategy
Stability
analysis
Voltage
stability
Gridconnec
ted control
Frequenc
y stability
TSDG
6 6.5 7 7.5 8 8.5 9 9.5 100.6
0.8
1
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
2x 10
4
t / s
PP
V /
W
MATLAB
TSDG
7.99 7.995 8 8.005 8.01-3000
-2000
-1000
0
1000
2000
Islanded
control
coordinated
control
Realtime
simulation
Power
quality
Harmonics
Voltage
sag
Realtime
Monitor
data for
protection
Unbanlance
powerflow
Shortcircuit
calculation
reconfigura
tion
Optimal
powerflow
M
0 10 20 30 40 50 600
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
mP
es(k
W)—
异步风机10
time(sec)
m_Pes---SSDG_显示积分
m_Pes---SSDG_隐式积分
m_Pes---SSDG_混合积分
m_Pes---DIgSILENT
Wind speed Wind speed
stepstep
Active powerActive power
of ASMof ASM
0 10 20 30 40 50 600
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
mP
es(k
W)—
异步风机10
time(sec)
m_Pes---SSDG_显示积分
m_Pes---SSDG_隐式积分
m_Pes---SSDG_混合积分
m_Pes---DIgSILENT
Wind speed
step
Active powerActive power
of ASMof ASM
Initial value
for SSDG Realtime
simulation
Long term
planning
substation
planning
Energy
optimization
Power
flow
(Stability Simulator
for DG)(Transient Simulator
for DG)
(Power Flow for DG)
(Planning Design
for DG)
(Energy Manager System for DG)
GIS Model
Algorithm
G/E
Double Charts
CIM
Planning
Decision system
Relative Softwares Developed in TJU SG Lab.
