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DISTRACTED DRIVINGBy: Joe MacGregor, Jeff Goldkamp, Doug Prikockis
Distracted Driving
Virtually everyone owns a cell phone
Some studies indicate that drivers using their cell phones are 4 times more likely to be involved in an accident
The Federal Government warns motorists about using their cell phones while driving, but no state legislation has made it illegal
According to a Harvard study, 2,600 traffic deaths are caused by driving on their cell phone
570,000 accidents leading to minor or serious injuries are a result of a driver(s) using their cell phones while driving
Collecting Data
We wanted to research how many people were on their phones while driving
1412 total vehicles 252 drivers on their cell
phones Observed type of car Three Locations
Bristol Road & 611 3-4 pm
611 & Valley Square 4:05-5:05 pm
County Line & 152 5:20-6:20 pm
We observed the most amount of cell phone users at County Line & 152
We expected to see more people using their cell phones
Proportion of females was greater than the proportion of females using their cell phones
1 PROP Z-TEST
1 Prop Z-Test Cont.
Assumptions 1. SRS 1.assumed 2.np>10 2.
1412(.17847)>10 n(1-p)>10
1412(.82153)>103. pop>10*n 3.
pop>10(1412)
1 Prop Z-Test
Yes No0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
18%
82%
On Phone
yes no
Exploratory Data Analysis
From our observations, we found that 18% of drivers were on their cell phones, while 82% were not
252 drivers were on their cell phones
1160 were not on their cell phones
We believe that the majority of people don’t use their cell phones while driving
1 Prop Z-Test Cont.
Ho: p=.2 Ha: p>.2
P(z>0.0462)=0.4816 We fail to reject Ho because p-value is >α=0.05 We have sufficient evidence that the observed
number of drivers using their cell phones is close if not equal to the national average of .2
Z p p
p(1 p)n
0.0462
2 PROP Z-TEST
2 prop Z-test Assumptions
State
2 Independent SRS
mm
ff
mm
mm
ff
ff
npop
npop
pn
pn
pn
pn
10
10
)1(
)1(
10
10
CheckAssumed
.2118 x 656 = 138.94
.7882 x 656 = 524.28
.1495 x 756= 113.02
.8505 x 756 = 642.98Pop > 6560Pop > 7560
2 Prop Z-Test
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
Male
no yes
count
Collection 6 Bar Chart
100
200
300
400
500
600
Female
no yes
count
Collection 6 Bar Chart
2 Prop Z-Test
53%
29%
10%
7%
On Phone
Car Suv Truck Van
Exploratory Data Analysis
Overall females were on their phone more than males
We observed more males then females 21% female, 15% male
We believe that females drive and use their cell phones more than males
Of the people driving on using their cell phones 53%-car 30%-SUV 10%-truck 7%-van
2 Prop Z-Test
0011.)7162.1(
06.311
)ˆ1(ˆ
ˆˆ
:
:
zP
nnpp
ppz
ppHa
ppHo
mf
mf
mf
mf
2 Prop Z-test cont.
We reject Ho because p-value<α=0.05
We have sufficient evidence that the proportion of women driving while using their cell phones is greater than the proportion of men who drive and use their cell phones
CHI SQUARED TEST
Chi Squared Assumptions
2 independent SRS
All expected counts are > 5
2 independent SRS Assumed
Assumed
Chi Squared Test
Ho: there is no association between type of car and using a cell phone
Ha: there is an association between type of car and using a cell phone
76.8...214.4
)214.48(
189.16
)189.1616()( 2222
Exp
ExpObs
P(χ2>8.76/df=6)= .1873104
Chi Squared Test
We fail to reject Ho because p-value>α=0.05
We have sufficient evidence that there is no association between type of car and using a cell phone
We believe that the type of car does not effect whether the driver uses their cell phone
Observed/Expected Counts
Bristol
611 1520%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
TruckSedanVanSuv
Exploratory Data Analysis
Cell phone users were driving sedans more than other vehicles
Vans seemed to have lowest cell phone users
The intersection of 152 & County line road has the most cell phone users
We believe that more people drive sedans and use cell phones (than any other vehicle)
Lurking Variables Sources of error/bias
Time of day-morning, lunch hour, rush hour
Weather conditions- people may be more inclined to text when the weather is nice
Day of the week Traffic conditions Blue tooth Tinted windows Miscommunication Not recording gender
correctly Manual or automatic
Personal Opinion
We enjoyed collecting the data
We expected more females to use their cell phones while driving, which was true based on our data
We didn’t expect people driving while playing psp or reading a book