Dissociative DisordersDissociative Disorders

Psychology Psychology

Ms. CurreyMs. Currey

?s about Dissociative Disorder?s about Dissociative Disorder

1. What are these disorders characterized with? What is “dissociation”?

2. Describe the symptoms for each of the following disorders: Dissociative Amnesia, Dissociateive Fugue, Dissociative Identity Disorder.

3. How are dissociate disorders explained using biology AND psychology?

I. DissociationI. Dissociation

• Separation of personality parts or mental processes from conscious thought.

• In English: Zoning out

• Example: You may be so involved in listening to a Psychology lesson you can’t hear when someone calls your name.

A. When is A. When is Dissociation Dissociation a a disorder?disorder?

• When it is used as a way to avoid stressful events or feelings.

Examples:Examples:

• Someone loses their memory of a painful experience (rape, child abuse etc)

• Lose memory of identity!

3.Types of Dissociative Disorders3.Types of Dissociative Disorders

• A. Dissociative Amnesia- Sudden loss of memory, usually right after a stressful or traumatic event.

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A. Dissociative AmnesiaA. Dissociative Amnesia--• Usually people with

Dissociative Amnesia forget events during a period of time around the trauma but sometimes a person may forget ALL prior experience and may be unable to remember his/her name, recognize friends and family or recall personal information.

How does it get “fixed”?How does it get “fixed”?

• Memory is likely to return just as suddenly as it is lost.

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B. Dissociative FugueB. Dissociative Fugue• (fugue-same as root of

“fugitive”)• Form of dissociative amnesia. • Loss of identity and travel to a

new location.• Can last hours, months, even

years! • New personality may not even

be aware of the history behind the transformation

C. C. Dissociative Identity Dissociative Identity DisorderDisorder

• Another type of Dissociative Disorder

• 1. Multiple personalities

• Different personalities may or may not be aware of the others and each personality takes turns controlling the person.

B. B. Dissociative Identity Dissociative Identity DisorderDisorder

• 2. Each personality is likely to be different from the others in ways like:

• - voice

• - facial expression

• - perceived age

• - gender

• - physical characteristics

B. B. Dissociative Identity Dissociative Identity DisorderDisorder

• 3. Why do people get Dissociative Identity Disorder?

• Usually severely abused as children

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Cases becoming more commonCases becoming more common

• 1970s < 100 cases

• 1980s > 20,000 cases

• # of recorded personalities from 3-12, sometimes dozens!

Sybil DorsettSybil Dorsett

• Famous case. • Problems:

• After the death of her psychiatrist, people think maybe her multiple personalities were a result of her therapist’s suggestions.

Explaining Dissociative DisordersExplaining Dissociative Disorders

• 2 different views

• 1. Psychoanalytical- people dissociate to repress unacceptable urges

• 2. Learning- Learn to not thing about disturbing events to avoid feelings of guilt, shame or pain

• Dissociate by forgetting painful events! It works! Anxiety is reduced when a trauma is forgotten but……..

ReviewReview

1. What are these disorders characterized with? What is “dissociation”?

2. Describe the symptoms for each of the following disorders: Dissociative Amnesia, Dissociateive Fugue, Dissociative Identity Disorder.

3. How are dissociate disorders explained using biology AND psychology?

SchizophreniaSchizophrenia

?’s about Schizophrenia?’s about Schizophrenia• 1. What are the 3 main symptoms of Schizophrenia?

• 2. Describe the delusions:

• 3. What are Hallucinations and how can they cause a cycle of schizophrenic symptoms?

• 4. What are some examples of Inappropriate Emotions or Behaviors?

• 5. What are the 4 major types of schizophrenia?

• 6. How do biological and psychological factors combine to cause schizophrenia?

SchizophreniaSchizophrenia

• The MOST serious of all psychological disorders.

• Loss of contact with reality

• Can make it impossible for a person to function alone.

• 1% of population of world diagnosed

NOT split personality!NOT split personality!

• “Schiz” means “split” but it represents a break from reality, not a division of personality.

Schizophrenic Disorder SymptomsSchizophrenic Disorder Symptoms(Not everyone exhibits ALL of these)(Not everyone exhibits ALL of these)

• Delusions (Ex: believing they are being followed all the time)

• Hallucinations• Disorganized speech • Inappropriate Emotions or

Behaviors• No longer able to adapt to situations

Types of DelusionsTypes of Delusions

• Delusions of Grandeur: false beliefs that you are more important than you really are.

• Delusions of Perception: false beliefs that people are out to get you.

• Delusions of sin or guilt: false beliefs of being responsible for a misfortune (ex plane crash)

• Delusions of Influence: false beliefs of being controlled by outside forces ie: the devil

HallucinationsHallucinations

• False Perception

• Visual, auditory OR Tactile

Cycle of SymptomsCycle of Symptoms

• Hallucinations provide evidence for delusions.

• Ex: Taste poison in food, think: someone is trying to kill me!

• People w/Schizophrenia can’t trust their own senses!

Inappropriate Emotions or Inappropriate Emotions or BehaviorsBehaviors

• Emotional flatness

• Speaking too loudly

• Nonsense talk

• Odd mannerisms

• Complete inactivity or moldability

• Dressing strangely

OnsetOnset

• Early Adolescence / Early Adulthood

• Rarely over 35

• Emergence sudden or gradual-sudden easier to recover from

CausesCauses

• Psychological

• Biological

Psychological CausesPsychological Causes

• Stress and disturbed family communication patterns (could be a result NOT cause!)

Psychoanalytic CausesPsychoanalytic Causes

• Family Environment: When a parent expresses intense emotions and is pushy, critical and mean to children it COULD increase the likelihood of someone developing schizophrenia.

Biological ViewBiological View

• It’s a BRAIN disorder. It could be caused by:

• Born with different brain structure.

• As many as 6x number of receptor sites for dopamine (affects emotion, attention and perception)

Biological: geneticBiological: genetic

• Risk rises 10% if parent or sibling has it.

• 50% if identical twin has it.

• Genain Quadruplets

Not totally biologicalNot totally biological

• No single gene or set of genes guarantee schizophrenia will develop.

Bio: Prenatal VirusesBio: Prenatal Viruses

• A viral infection during the middle of a pregnancy may cause schizophrenia.

• Flu season? Uh oh!

BOTH!BOTH!

• There may be Both psychological AND biological factors for schizophrenia.

• Genetics may make someone more susceptible to schizophrenia and other factors like a bad home environment may make schizophrenia more likely.

TreatmentTreatment

• Drug therapy• Behavior therapy

Schizophrenic SymptomsSchizophrenic Symptoms

Positive SymptomsPositive Symptoms • Hallucinations• Delusions• Bizarre ideas

Positive easier to cure than negative

• Negative Negative SymptomsSymptoms

• Lack of emotions

• Social withdrawal

• Apathy

Types of SchizophreniaTypes of Schizophrenia

• Paranoid

• Catatonic

• Disorganized

• Undifferentiated

Paranoid SchizophreniaParanoid Schizophrenia

• Has delusions of grandeur and persecution. Auditory and other hallucinations often support delusions.

• Example: Someone is convinced that they the FBI is following them. Everything they think they see and hear reinforces that idea. Any car that passes by their house MUST be working for the FBI!

Disorganized SchizophreniaDisorganized Schizophrenia

• People have thoughts and behaviors that don’t seem to make sense or connect with one another.

• Either emotionless or showing inappropriate emotions (laughing at a funeral).

• Neglect physical appearance.

• Very disturbed “gone mad”

Catatonic SchizophreniaCatatonic Schizophrenia

• Most obvious symptom: variations in voluntary movement. Alternates between 2 phases: catatonic excitement: rapid movements, delusions and hallucinations and catatonic stupor: little activity or speech. Flat emotion and waxy flexibility.

Undifferentiated SchizophreniaUndifferentiated Schizophrenia

• Symptoms that are disturbed but not clearly consistent with the paranoid, catatonic, or disorganized types of schizophrenia.

RecoveryRecovery

• Full recovery (rare)

• Partial recovery

• Chronic

?’s about Schizophrenia?’s about Schizophrenia• 1. What are the 3 main symptoms of Schizophrenia?

• 2. Describe the delusions:

• 3. What are Hallucinations and how can they cause a cycle of schizophrenic symptoms?

• 4. What are some examples of Inappropriate Emotions or Behaviors?

• 5. What are the 4 major types of schizophrenia?

• 6. How do biological and psychological factors combine to cause schizophrenia?

Personality DisordersPersonality Disorders

Abnormal PsychologyAbnormal Psychology

Ms. CurreyMs. Currey

?’s to answer by the end of the ?’s to answer by the end of the lesson:lesson:

• 1. Why are personality disorders difficult to diagnose?

• 2. Describe the symptoms of each of the following disorders:

• Avoidant personality disorder

• Dependent personality disorder

• Borderline Personality Disorder

• Anti-social personality disorder

Review: What is Review: What is Personality?Personality?

• A person’s traits that don’t change.

What is a What is a personality personality disorder?disorder?

• When someone has personality traits that cause pain in themselves or others. (disrupt social functioning)

Diagnosis difficultDiagnosis difficult

• Because they often overlap.

Types of Types of Personality Personality DisordersDisorders

• Personality Disorders Related to Anxiety (Avoidant, Dependent)

• Personality Disorders with Dramatic or Impulsive Behaviors (Borderline, Anti-social)

Avoidant Personality DisorderAvoidant Personality Disorder

• Sensitive about rejection. Avoids relationships.

Dependent Personality DisorderDependent Personality Disorder• Clingy, submissive. Strong need for

others to take care of them.

Borderline Personality DisorderBorderline Personality Disorder

• Instability of emotions, self-image, behavior and relationships.

Anti-social Personality DisorderAnti-social Personality Disorder

• Lack of conscience for wrong doing, lack of respect for the rights of other people.

• Most dramatic and troubling of all personality disorders.

• Criminal behavior with on remorse

• More often in males

• Can be charming and clever

• Serial killers

• VERY difficult to treat: prison

Explaining Explaining Personality Personality DisordersDisorders

• Psychoanalytic:

• Childhood experiences teach children to get along with other people. If children are never reinforced for good behaviorand only get attention when they behave badly, they may learn anti-social behavior.

Explaining Explaining Personality Personality DisordersDisorders

• Other psychoanalytic ideas:

• Antisocial personality disorder develops when a child lacks appropriate role models and when the role models they have are aggressive or mean.

Biological ViewsBiological Views

• There ARE some genetic factors for personality.

• Ex: antisocial personality disorder tends to run in families

• Some evidence that people with antisocial personality diosorder have fewer neurons in the frontal part of the brain than other people.

Biological ViewsBiological Views

• BUT, it is very unlikely that biological factors are the ONLY reasons people develop personality disorders.

Let’s Review!Let’s Review!

• 1. Why are personality disorders difficult to diagnose?

• 2. Describe the symptoms of each of the following disorders:

• Avoidant personality disorder

• Dependent personality disorder

• Borderline Personality Disorder

• Anti-social personality disorder