DISPLACEMENT CASELOADS IN TIGRAY, AMHARA AND AFAR …

Emergency Site Assessment: Northern Ethiopia Crisis 4Data Collection: 2 — 23 March 2021 Publication Date: 14 April 2021

BACKGROUND: In early November 2020, the regional party of Tigray allegedly attacked the Northern Command of Ethiopia’s National Defense Force in Mekelle, Tigray region, prompting a military offensive from the federal government of Ethiopia. Following this, conflict broke out in the north of Ethiopia and this has displaced many from their homes.

1

DISPLACEMENT CASELOADS IN TIGRAY, AMHARA AND AFAR REGIONS

Map 1: Displacement related to the Northern Ethiopia Crisis across Tigray, Amhara and Afar regions.

OVERVIEW: From 2 — 23 March 2021, the Displacement Tracking Matrix (DTM) deployed its Emergency Site Assessment to capture internal displacement related to the Northern Ethiopia Crisis. This multisectoral location assessment assesses the number of internally displaced persons (IDPs) and collects basic information on the multisectoral needs of IDPs at site level.

In this fourth round, 1,064,176 IDPs (235,882 households)* were found to be displaced across 178 sites in Tigray, Amhara and Afar regions. 1,000,052 IDPs (218,246 households)* were found in Tigray region, 45,343 IDPs (8,325 households) in Afar region and 18,781 IDPs (9,311 households) in Amhara region. It should be noted that access and insecurity were considerable challenges for this round.

KEY FINDINGS

1,064,176 IDPs*

178 sites covered*

Conflict was the primary reason for

displacement

235,882 IDP Households*

*This displacement total includes the 38,500 IDPs (7,800 households) identified across 7 sites in Southern zone and South-eastern zone that were covered during round 2 but were inaccessible during round 4 due to insecurity. Please refer to the annex for the full details.

Western

Central Gondar

Central

Kilbati /Zone2

West Gondar

EasternNorth Western

Wag Hamra

Fanti /Zone 4

Southern

North Gondar

North Wello

South Eastern

South Gondar

AwiMetekel

Lake Tana

Dansha

Tsegede (TG)

Gonder town Sekota town

Shire

Wukro town

Axum town

Abi Adi town

Adigrat town

Midre Genet

Debark Town

Dabat Town

Endabaguna town

Teru

Quara

Afdera

Metema

Erebti

Dalol

Kafta Humera

Berahile

Welkait

Alfa

Kinfaz

Chilga 2

Takusa Ebenat

Awra (AF)

Tselemti

Zequala

Dehana

Asgede

Lasta

Bugna

Tahtay Adiyabo

Erob

Sekota

Tach Armacho

Jawi

Sahila

Dabat

Gidan

Yalo

Debark

Enderta

Raya Kobo

Samre

Wegera

Ofla

Megale

AbaalaTsegede (TG)

Agulae

Tsegede (AM)

AdetTsimbla

Gulina

Janamora

Hintalo

Beyeda

Wajirat

Adwa

Addi Arekay

Atsbi

East Belesa

Egela

Chila

Zana

Abergele (AM)

May Kadra

Gaz Gibla

Telemt

West Belesa

Mirab Armacho

Zata

Hawzen

Raya Azebo

Saesie

Chilga 1

Saharti

Gonder Zuria

Awra (TG)Dima

Lay Armacho

Fogera

Rama

Chercher

Abergele (TG)

Adi Hageray

Korarit

Libokemekem

Mekelle

Naeder

Keyhe tekli

Meket

Bidu

Ahsea

Kola Temben

Lay Gayint

Tsagbeji

West Dembiya Raya Alamata

Aheferom

Tahtay Koraro

Maikinetal

Seyemti Adyabo

Kori

Selekleka

Laelay Adiabo

Geraleta

Farta

Kunneba

Gulo Mekeda

Selewa

Endamehoni

Kelete Awelallo

Euwa

Bizet

Emba Alaje

Hahayle

Tanqua Melashe

Telemt

TIGRAY

AMHARA

AFAR

ERITREA

SUDAN

Sources: ESRI, IOM, UNJLCDisclaimer : This map is for illustration purposes only. Names and boundaries on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by IOM.

0 60 12030Kilometers

Dansha town

Midre Genet

Mirab Armacho

May Kadra

TIGRAYAMHARA

Tahtay Koraro

TsimblaZana

Selekleka

Asgede

Laelay Adiabo

Asgede

Chila

Shire town

Adi Daero

Endabaguna town

TIGRAY

Planned Areas to Assess

International Boundaries

Disputed BoundariesRegional Boundaries

Zonal Boundaries

Number Of IDPs

Inaccessible Areas

110 - 2,500

2,501 - 15,000

15,001 - 63,490

63,491 - 129,525

Boundaries

IDP Figure from ESA round 2

LegendLocation Of IDP Sites

129,525 - 439,210


Data collection: 2 — 23 March 2021

Baseline Location Assessment (B2F): Data is collected through interviews with key informants from woreda level Disaster Risk Management Offices (DRMO), community representatives, education and health offices. This baseline data includes the estimated number of internally displaced persons by kebele, a list of kebeles hosting IDPs, reason for displacement and shelter types. This baseline data is used to guide the geotargeting of the Emergency Site Assessment.

Emergency Site Assessment (ESA): This assessment captures detailed information through focus group discussions and direct observation. Data collected covers the number of IDPs, site details, availability of infrasturcture and services, shelter types, and access to food, water, healthcare, education and livelihoods. The ESA is conducted in any location in Tigray, and in the neighbouring zones of Amhara and Afar with reported displacements of 20 IDP households or more who were displaced due to the Northern Ethiopia Crisis, provided that access and security allow.

The ESA is carried out on a monthly basis. In this third round, 3 regions, 11 zones, 41 woredas, 95 kebeles and 171 sites were covered.

The number of participants in focus group discussions for the Emergency Site Assessment are based on the size of the displaced population at the site:

4 IDPs for sites with 50-100 IDP households 5 IDPs for sites with 101-150 IDP households 6 IDPs for sites with 151-200 IDP households 7 IDPs for sites with 201 IDP households or more

Depending on the size of the focus group discussion, more IDP leaders, females, youths and elderly persons must be part of the discussion. However, the aim is to have 50% female participation in every focus group discussion whenever it is possible.

2

ACCESSIBILITY AND COVERAGE IN TIGRAY, AMHARA AND AFAR REGIONS

Map 2: Levels of accessibility and areas where the Emergency Site Assessment was conducted across Tigray, Amhara and Afar regions.

METHODOLOGY

Siti

Metekel

Awsi /Zone 1

Awi

Kilbati /Zone2

Western

South Wello

Central Gondar

Central

West Gondar

West Gojam

South Gondar

North Wello

Fanti /Zone 4

Eastern

North Western

East Gojam

Wag HamraSouthern

North Gondar

Gabi /Zone 3

Oromia

South Eastern

AsosaHari /Zone 5

Kemashi

North Shewa

Mekelle

Kemashi

Lake Tana

Elidar

Afdera

Bidu

Quara

Teru

Guba

Dubti

Gablalu

Jawi

Kori

Gewane

Gerani

Metema

Wenbera

Dangura

Mile

Alfa

Adar

Erebti

Ayisha

Dalol

Bulen

Kafta HumeraBerahile

Welkait

Bati

Kinfaz

Chilga 2

Sedal

Takusa

Euwa

Guangua

Hadhagala

Chifra

Debati

Tenta

Sayint

Awra (AF)

Kelela

Ebenat

Asayita

Tselemti

Afambo

Meket

Habru

Zequala

Dehana

Asgede

LastaBugna

Tahtay Adiyabo

Erob

Sekota

Tach Armacho

Kalu

Sahila

Dabat

Gidan

Yalo

Mekdela

Debark

Raya Kobo

Enderta

Samre

Jama

Farta

Semada

Wegera

Ofla

Wegde

Telalek

Fogera

Megale

Madira

Dera (AM)

Lay Gayint

Abaala

DelantaWadla

Tsegede

Agulae

Tsegede

AdetTsimbla

Gulina

Janamora

Dawe

Hintalo

Afdem

Beyeda

Wajirat

Adwa

Addi Arekay

Atsbi

East Belesa

Egela

Chila

Pawe

Zana

Sekela

Abergele

Dalefage

Legambo

Gonje

May Kadra

Gaz Gibla

Telemt

Ambasel

West Belesa

Bahirdar Zuria

Angot

Quarit

Zata

Hawzen

Kutaber

Raya Azebo

Saesie

Sedae

Dembecha Enemay

Chilga 1

Saharti

Dansha

Banja

Awra

Michakel

Dima

Mecha Dawunt

Lay Armacho

Rama

Abergele

West Esite

Korarit

Worebabu

Libokemekem

Senan

Debub Mecha

Keyhe tekli

Hadelela

Ankasha

Ahsea

Tsagbeji

Raya Alamata

Koneba

Wegera

Abi adi

Wukro

Adigrat

Raya Chercher

Tsegede

Axum

AFAR

AMHARA

TIGRAY

SOMALI

BENISHANGUL GUMUZ

SUDAN

ERITREA

DJIBOUTI

SUDAN

Sources: ESRI, IOM, UNJLCDisclaimer : This map is for illustration purposes only. Names and boundaries on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by IOM.

0 60 12030Kilometers

Midre Genet

Dansha

Mirab Armacho

May KadraAMHARA TIGRAY

Endabaguna town

Endabaguna town

Tahtay Koraro

TsimblaZana

Selekleka

Laelay Adiabo

Asgede Shire town

Asgede

Adi Daero

Tahtay Koraro

TIGRAY

Location Of IDP Sites

Planned Areas to Assess

International Boundaries

Disputed Boundaries

Regional Boundaries

Zonal Boundaries

Fully Accessed

Inaccessible

Accessed But No IDPs

Legend

Partially Accessed

Accessed During Round 2


The above are the top 3 woredas hosting the largest number of newly arrived IDPs.

A majority of IDPs in 112 sites in Tigray, 7 sites in Afar and 1 site in Amhara prefer to return.

A majority of IDPs in 34 sites in Amhara, 10 sites in Afar and 4 sites in Tigray prefer to locally integrate.

A majority of IDPs in 1 site in Afar and 1 site in Amhara prefer to re-locate.

SHIRE 445,309 IDPs

ADWA 129,524 IDPs

ADIGRAT 100,168 IDPs

25

146

Number of sites where IDPs have been previously displaced

Number of sites where IDPs have been displaced for the first time

Factors preventing return Support needed to locally integrate

DEMOGRAPHICS

MOBILITY

DURABLE SOLUTIONS

455,568 males 490,603 females 48.1% males 51.9% females

3

*Kindly note that the sex breakdown only applies to IDPs tracked in round 4 and were displaced after the crisis start-ed in November 2020.

Please note that all analysis from this page onwards refers to the IDPs and sites tracked solely by ESA round 4 covering 1,025,676 IDPs (228,082 households) tracked across 171 accessible sites.

120 Sites(70%) Return

48 Sites(28%)

Locally Integrate

2 Sites(1%)

Relocate


4

In 27 sites, 25-50% of IDP households are living outside or in an open space and in 7 sites, 51-75% of IDP households are living outside. Of these 7 sites, 3 sites are in Axum, 2 sites are in Adwa and 2 sites are in Shire, Tigray region.

In 22 sites, more than 75% of IDP households are living in self-constructed shelters that are below standard (no wa-terproofing, no covering, weak structure).

Mostly Not Functioning

Mostly Functioning

83 47 18 23

58 64 32 17

127 33 7 4

110 49 5 7

55 71 34 11

67 65 32 7

114 38 16 3

108 31 18 14

Infrastructure Is Destroyed

Infrastructure Never Existed

Types of Shelters IDPs are Living in

Main Concerns with the Current Shelter

The main concern with the current shelter reported by IDPs was a lack of privacy in 165 sites (96%), followed by overcrowding in 135 sites (79%) and a lack of security in 115 sites (67%). Please note that this was a multiple-op-tion question.

INFRASTRUCTURE & SERVICES

SHELTER

Electricity

Tap water

Road to site

Primary school

Health facility

Market

Cell phone coverage

Place of worship

The table below depicts the fuctional status of key infrastructure and services by number of sites:


5

Distance Required to Reach the Nearest Water Distribution Point

On-site

110 sites6 sites

28 sites

Off-site

30 minute walk

In 110 sites, the main water distribution point was on-site and required less than a 30-minute walk to reach. For 28 sites, the distance required more than a 30-minute walk and was off-site.

A majority of IDPs rely on tap water networks to collect water in 63 sites and water trucking distribution points in 51 sites.

28 sites are in Central zone, 18 sites in orthwestern zone, 11 sites in Mekelle and 3 sites in Eastern zone, Tigray region. Additionally, 5 sites are in Wag Hamra, 3 in North Gondar, 1 in Central Gondar, Amhara region. Another 4 sites are in Zone 2 and 2 remaining sites are in Zone 4, Afar region.

Most Needed NFI for IDPs by Number of Sites

Source of Drinking Water

NON-FOOD ITEMS (NFIs)

WATER, SANITATION AND HYGIENE (WASH)

FOOD & NUTRITION

141 Sites Number of sites where a majority of IDPs have not received the most needed NFI since being displaced

75 Sites Number of sites where there has been no food

distribution

27 sites

116 of these sites are in Tigray region, 20 sites are in Amhara region and 5 sites are in Afar region.

75 sites No food distribution

22 sites

52 sites

12 sites

3 sites

Within the month

1 month ago

2 months ago

3 months ago

The following is the breakdown of sites and the last time food was distributed in the site:


6

A majority of IDPs in 70 sites in Tigray region are mainly relying on host community donations. The IDPs in 24 sites in Tigray region also reported not having access to food and IDPs in 13 sites in the same region are relying on begging.

Main Source for Accessing Food

Access to Markets

The location of health facilities are off-site and require more than a 20-minute walk to reach in 60 sites. How-ever, the health facilities are on-site and require less than a 20-minute walk to reach in 35 sites.

Additionally, 8 sites rely on a mobile clinics/health visits and IDPs in 32 sites reported having no health facility. Of these 32 sites, 31 are in Tigray and 1 is in Afar. Note that this analysis evaluates the distance to the health facilities and does not equate to access to heath services.

On-site

35 sites21 sites

15 sites60 sites

Off-site

20 minutes

Factors Preventing IDPs from Accessing Health Services by Number of Sites

Distance to Health FacilitiesHEALTH

Pneumonia & Diarrhea

are the main health concerns for 59 sites and

45 sites respectively.

76 sites Have access to a market

12 sites Do not have access to a market

The following is the breakdown of sites and their access to a market:

Of the sites where pneumonia is the main health concern, 50 sites are in Tigray, 6 in Afar and 3 in Amhara. Of the sites where diarrhea is the main health concern, 39 sites are in Tigray, 4 in Afar and 2 in Amhara region.


EDUCATION

121 sites

50 sites

Displaced children do not have access to (formal) primary schools

Displaced children have access to (formal) primary schools

The following is the breakdown of sites and their access to primary school education:

7

Current Occupation of the Majority of IDPs

Source of Income

Access to Land

Possession of Livestock In 157 sites (92%), a majority of IDPs currently do not have any occupation, while a majority of IDPs are pas-torliasts in 7 sites (4%) and daily labourers in 4 sites (2%).

Of the 171 sites assessed, IDP households in 158 sites said that they did not have a source of income. In 8 sites, less than 25% of IDPs have a source of income and in 5 sites 25-50% of IDPs have a source of income.

Issues with Accessing Education

LIVELIHOODS

1 site

4 sites

Less than 25% have access to land

25-50% of IDPs have livestock

1 site

169 sites

162 sites

Do not have access to land

Do not have livestock

The following is the breakdown of sites and IDPs’ access to land for cultivation:

For the 81 sites who cited ‘other’ issues, the reasons were diverse but were mainly due to the absence of educational services, the inaffordability of learning supplies and unfavourable learning conditions.

The following is the breakdown of sites and IDPs’ possession of livestock in these sites:

0 sites None of the IDP children have access to alternative basic education/temporary

learning centers

25-50% have access to land land


Resources and Assets that Were Lost or Damaged During Displacement by Number of Sites

67,723 Persons with

chronic diseases/ serious medical

conditions

20,986 Pregnant women

31,899 Breastfeeding

mothers

64,673 Single female-hedaded

households

1,668 Child-headed households

755 Persons with

physical disabilities

155Persons with

mental disabilities

2,928 Orphaned children

4,056Separated children

917 Unaccompanied

children

Available and Accessible Protection Services Accessibility of Complaint and Feedback Mechanisms

8

PROTECTION

In 8 sites, family tracing services are available while in 6 sites, psychosocial support is available. Child protection services are available in 1 site and specialized services to persons with disabilities could be found in 1 site. However, no protection services are available for 162 sites.

In only 5 sites were complaint and feedback mechanisms for humanitarian assistance reportedly accessible to everyone including women and children. However, it is not accessible in 136 sites.

9

ANNEX: SUMMARY TABLES OF DISPLACEMENT

HH

Indi

vidu

als

Site

sH

HIn

divi

dual

sSi

tes

HH

Indi

vidu

als

Site

sAf

arFe

nti (

Zone

4)

Gul

ina

Conf

lict

752

4,51

2

1

752

4,

512

1

Af

arFe

nti (

Zone

4)

Yalo

Conf

lict

1,16

0

6,96

0

4

1,16

0

6,

960

4

Af

arKi

lbat

i (Zo

ne 2

)Be

rahi

leCo

nflic

t36

0

1,

000

2

36

0

1,00

0

2

Afar

Kilb

ati (

Zone

2)

Dalu

lCo

nflic

t1,

215

6,

230

3

1,

215

6,23

0

3

Afar

Kilb

ati (

Zone

2)

Ereb

tiCo

nflic

t40

0

2,

400

1

40

0

2,40

0

1

Afar

Kilb

ati (

Zone

2)

Kone

baCo

nflic

t2,

473

12

,365

4

2,

473

12,3

65

4

Af

arKi

lbat

i (Zo

ne 2

)M

egal

eCo

nflic

t88

8

5,

328

1

88

8

5,32

8

1

Afar

Kilb

ati (

Zone

2)

Ab A

laCo

nflic

t1,

077

6,

548

2

1,

077

6,54

8

2

Afar

Tot

al8,

325

45

,343

18

8,

325

45,3

43

18

Amha

raCe

ntra

l Gon

der

Gond

er C

ity A

dmin

istra

tion

Conf

lict

870

1,45

0

1

870

1,

450

1

Am

hara

Cent

ral G

onde

rW

est B

eles

aCo

nflic

t65

20

5

1

65

205

1

Amha

raCe

ntra

l Gon

der

Wog

era

Conf

lict

85

353

2

85

35

3

2

Am

hara

Nor

th G

onde

rAd

di A

reka

yCo

nflic

t2,

882

3,

975

9

2,

882

3,97

5

9

Amha

raN

orth

Gon

der

Deba

rkCo

nflic

t1,

158

2,

070

5

1,

158

2,07

0

5

Amha

raN

orth

Gon

der

Daba

tCo

nflic

t1,

087

3,

387

5

1,

087

3,38

7

5

Amha

raN

orth

Gon

der

Deba

rk C

ity A

dmin

istra

tion

Conf

lict

1,84

2

3,50

0

1

148

45

8

1

1,99

0

3,

958

2

Am

hara

Nor

th G

onde

rDa

bat C

ity A

dmin

istra

tion

Conf

lict

555

1,73

7

4

555

1,

737

4

Am

hara

Wag

Him

raDe

hana

Conf

lict

41

110

1

41

11

0

1

Am

hara

Wag

Him

raG

az G

ibla

Conf

lict

49

110

1

49

11

0

1

Am

hara

Wag

Him

raSe

kota

Conf

lict

80

227

1

80

22

7

1

Am

hara

Wag

Him

raSe

kota

City

Adm

inist

ratio

nCo

nflic

t70

25

0

1

70

250

1

Amha

raW

ag H

imra

Tsag

bije

Conf

lict

69

272

1

69

27

2

1

Am

hara

Wes

t Gon

der

Mid

re G

enet

Conf

lict

310

677

2

31

0

677

2

Amha

ra T

otal

9,16

3

18,3

23

35

148

45

8

1

9,

311

18,7

81

36

Tigr

ayCe

ntra

lAb

iyia

diCo

nflic

t4,

497

16

,582

4

4,

035

11,7

51

3

8,53

2

28

,333

7

Tigr

ayCe

ntra

lAd

wa

Conf

lict

22,5

98

129,

524

10

22,5

98

129,

524

10

Tigr

ayCe

ntra

lAx

umCo

nflic

t17

,970

60

,115

12

17

,970

60

,115

12

Ti

gray

East

ern

Adig

rat T

own

Conf

lict

22,4

54

100,

168

12

22,4

54

100,

168

12

Tigr

ayEa

ster

nW

ukro

Tow

nCo

nflic

t3,

093

5,

256

3

20

23

1

3,11

3

5,

279

4

Ti

gray

Mek

elle

Adih

aki S

ub C

ityCo

nflic

t4,

251

16

,896

6

4,

251

16,8

96

6

Ti

gray

Mek

elle

Ayde

r Sub

City

Conf

lict

5,67

2

14,0

46

5

1,57

3

4,

532

3

7,

245

18,5

78

8

Ti

gray

Mek

elle

Hadn

et S

ub C

ityCo

nflic

t8,

191

29

,752

7

90

0

3,31

0

1

9,09

1

33

,062

8

Tigr

ayM

ekel

leHa

wel

ti Su

b Ci

tyCo

nflic

t5,

650

18

,187

7

5,

650

18,1

87

7

Ti

gray

Mek

elle

Keda

may

Wey

ane

Sub

City

Conf

lict

3,31

7

11,2

63

5

388

1,

799

2

3,

705

13,0

62

7

Ti

gray

Mek

elle

Qui

ha S

ubci

tyCo

nflic

t1,

091

2,

364

3

1,

091

2,36

4

3

Tigr

ayM

ekel

leSe

men

Sub

City

Conf

lict

6,10

8

20,2

38

6

835

3,

880

2

6,

943

24,1

18

8

Ti

gray

Nor

th W

este

rnTa

htay

Kor

aro

Conf

lict

1,43

7

9,73

4

10

1,43

7

9,

734

10

Tigr

ayN

orth

Wes

tern

Enda

bagu

naCo

nflic

t9,

467

53

,227

2

9,

467

53,2

27

2

Ti

gray

Nor

th W

este

rnSh

ireCo

nflic

t19

,212

163,

552

1

65,6

16

278,

103

6

595

3,

654

3

85

,423

44

5,30

9

10

Ti

gray

Wes

tern

Tseg

ede

Conf

lict

460

1,38

0

1

460

1,

380

1

Ti

gray

Wes

tern

Dans

haCo

nflic

t83

26

0

1

83

260

1

Tigr

ayW

este

rnW

elka

itCo

nflic

t93

3

1,

956

1

93

3

1,95

6

1

Tigr

ay T

otal

19,2

12

16

3,55

2

1

18

2,88

8

76

9,05

1

10

1

8,

346

28,9

49

15

210,

446

961,

552

117

Gra

nd T

otal

19,2

12

16

3,55

2

1

20

0,37

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Documents

DISPLACEMENT CASELOADS IN TIGRAY, AMHARA AND AFAR …