DISPENSATIONAL THEOLOGY

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DISPENSATIONAL THEOLOGY– Based on the Sovereign Rule of God –

I. The Term “Dispensation”

II. The Meaning of Dispensa-tional Theology

A. What is dispensationalism?

B. Primary features include

C. Secondary features include

D. To understand dispensationalism...

E. Can one observe a dis-pensational change in Scripture?

III. Dispensationalism and Pro-gressive Revelation

A. What is the relationship between dispensations and progressive revelation?

B. Biblical indications of rev-elation being progressive

IV. Characteristics of a Dispensation

A. Primary characteristics

B. Other characteristics

V. How Many Dispensations are There?

VI. Names and Characteristics of the Dispensations

A. Innocency

B. Conscience

C. Civil Government

D. Promise

E. Law

F. Grace

G. Millennium

VII. Marks of Dispensationalism

Lesson Outline...

Dispensationalism attempts to develop the Bible’s philosophy of history on the basis of God’s sovereign rule.

I. THE TERM “DISPENSATION”

“Dispensation” comes from the Greek word oikonomia, which means “economy” or “________________.” Oikos means “house” and nemo means “to manage.” The concept is that of managing the affairs of a household. The one in authority del-egates duties to the steward, and he is responsible for carrying out those duties. If he does, there is reward, and if he doesn’t, there is correction—a change of some sort.

The term “dispensation” (oikonomia) is found several places in the New Testament:

1 Corinthians 9:17 “For if I do this thing willingly, I have a reward: but if against my will, a dispensation of the gospel is committed unto me.”

Ephesians 1:10 “That in the dispensation of the fulness of times

Two planes...adjoining gates...relatively close...measureably just feet away from each other. What does it matter which one you get on? Not much as long as they just sit at the gate. But once airborne, it makes all the difference in the world. One is headed for Zurich and the other for Sidney. The person planning on doing some skiing in the Alps, may find himself snorkling at the Great Barrier Reef instead! He’ll make sure he gets on the correct plane next time!

Do you view the different systems of theology with a certain lack of interest, figuring it doesn’t really matter which system you board upon? Each system is going somewhere and has it’s own eschatological destination. These two “planes” are labeled dispensationalism and covenant theology, and the aircraft you board will take you to distinctively different places. Let’s examine the planes.

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he might gather together in one all things in Christ, both which are in heaven, and which are on earth; even in him:”

Ephesians 3:2 “If ye have heard of the dispensation of the grace of God which is given me to you-ward:”

Colossians 1:25 “Whereof I am made a minister, according to the dispensation of God which is given to me for you, to fulfil the word of God;”

Luke 16:1-4 “And he said also unto his disciples, There was a certain rich man, which had a steward; and the same was accused unto him that he had wasted his goods. {2} And he called him, and said unto him, How is it that I hear this of thee? give an account of thy stewardship; for thou mayest be no longer steward. {3} Then the steward said within himself, What shall I do? for my lord taketh away from me the stewardship: I cannot dig; to beg I am ashamed. {4} I am resolved what to do, that, when I am put out of the stewardship, they may receive me into their houses.”

II. THE MEANING OF DISPENSATIONAL THEOLOGY

A. What is dispensationalism?

Dispensationalism, as a system of theology, views a dispensation as a particular way in which God administers His _________ over the world as He progressively works out His purpose for world history.

Dispensationalism views the world as a household run by God. In this divine house-hold, God (as administrator) gives man certain responsibilities. If man obeys God within that economy or dispensation, God promises blessing; if man disobeys God, He promises punishment. So, the basic concept of a dispensation is that of stewardship.

B. Primary features of this stewardship include:

1. God has a particular way that He administrates His rule —e.g., through Adam, or through government, or through the Law, or through the church, etc.

2. Each dispensation involves a particular new stewardship responsibility for man.3. Each dispensation is inargurated with new _________________ from

God in order for man to know God’s new way of ruling as well as his own responsibilty therein.

C. Secondary features of this stewardship include:

Each dispensation containing new stewardship responsibilities for man implies:

1. Anewtestforman—willheperfectlyobeyGodornotbyfulfillingthenewresponsibility?

GeorgeEldon LaddGeorge Eldon Ladd was a Baptist minister and professor at Fuller Theological Seminary in Pasadena, California. One of the finesttributestothebeneficialeffect of dispensatonalism on American Christianity was paid by one whose own theology was nondispensational. Ladd (a historic premillennialist, a.k.a. covenant premillennialist) wrote:

“It is doubtful if there has been any other circle of men who have done more by their influence in preaching, teaching, and writing to promote a love for Bible study, a hunger for the deeper Christian life, a passion for evangelism and zeal for missions in the history of American Christianity.”

3 05 – Dispensational Theology

2. A failure by man to obey the particular rule of God which characterizes that dispensation.

3. A divine punishment because of that failure.

D. To understand dispensationalism note that:

1. A dispensation is not a _________ period, but rather a stewardship or administration of God in this world. Though it is not a time period, a dispensation had a time element. God administered certain stewardship responsibilities of man, and it had a beginning and ending point in time.

2. These different dispensations are not different ways of salvation, but different ways God administers His rule in this world.

3. Each dispensation has unique features to it that are clearly revealed by God. The requirements, responsibilities, blessings, and disciplines are spelled out by new revelation from God.

E. Can one observe a dispensational change in Scripture?

After trying to grasp these concepts, here is what started clearing it up in my mind. I recognized the following:

1. Prior to the inauguration of circumcision, one could please God without being circumcised. But after God’s revelation to Abraham, circumcision was necessary to please Him (Gen. 17:14). Clearly a change had occurred.

2. BeforethefloodGoddidnotinstitutecapitalpunishmentformurderers(Gen.4:9-15),butHedidinstituteitaftertheflood(Gen.9:5-6).Achangetookplace.

3. Between the giving of the Law and the death of Christ, God commanded that adulterers in Israel be put to death (Lev. 20:10; Dt. 22:22; Jn. 8:5), but since thedeathofChristGoddoesnotsocommand(1Cor.6:9-11).

4. While the Law was in effect, God required Jews to worship on Saturday (Ex. 20:8-11), but since the death of Christ God does not so require (Rom. 14:4-9; Col. 2:13-17).


5. InNewTestamenttimesanimalsacrificeswerenolongernecessary(thatis,afterthecrucifixionofChrist).Therulesofthegamechanged.Paulclearlytold the Christians in the church at Rome, “...for ye are not under the law, but undergrace”(Rom.6:14).ThedispensationunderMosesistermed“law,”whereas the age under Jesus Christ is called “grace.”The point is this, as time progressed God gave to man additional revelation and held man accountable in ways that he had not been accountable before. This unfolding of God’s plan was accompanied by new stewardships placed upon man.

III. DISPENSATIONALISM AND PROGRESSIVE REVELATION

A. What is the relationship between dispensations and progressive revelation?

1. Progressive revelation is the actual successive acts of God in human history.2. Progressive revelation is the recognition that God’s message to man was

not given in one single act but was unfolded in a series of successive acts.... (Dispensationalism, by Charles Ryrie, page 31).

3. It is the marking off of these stages in the revelation of the purpose of God that is the basis for the dispensational approach to the interpretation of the Scriptures. Progressive revelation acknowledges the existence of these dispensations.

4. Revelation is perfect at all stages, though it may be incomplete at all stages.a. Progressive revelation illustrated:

(1) An acorn grows into a seedling, sapling, young tree, fruit-bearing tree. At each stage it is perfect for that stage, but it is incomplete for there is more to come.

(2) Biblical example: Moses’ teaching on divorce, Christ’s teaching on divorce, Paul’s teaching on divorce.(1 Corinthians 7:10-12) “And unto the married I command, yet not I, but the Lord, Let not the wife depart from her husband: {11} But and if she depart, let her remain unmarried, or be reconciled to her husband: and let not the husband put away his wife. {12} But to the rest speak I, not the Lord: If any brother hath a wife that believeth not, and she be pleased to dwell with him, let him not put her away.”

b. Revelation developed by spurts:(1) An oak tree grows at different rates. Spring growth is rapid; winter

is a dormant time and growth is slow. Spurt growth is followed by plateau periods.

(2) Biblical examples: The 400 silent years, revelation in Moses’ day, in David’s and Solomon’s time, and when Christ was on earth.

5. Revelation is based upon man’s need to know, not upon his intellectual desires.

6. ExamplesofProgressiveRevelationa. Example #1 — The doctrine of the Trinity

(1) IntheOldTestamenttheTrinitywasimpliedbutnotspecificallystated.

God’s truth was obviously not giv-en all at one time, and the varying stages of revela-tion show that He has worked in different ways at different times. The Bible in-terpreter must carefully observe this progression of revelation, and dispensationalism helps promote accuracy in this regard. (Dispen-sationalism, by Charles Ryrie, page 31).


(2) In the New Testament the Trinity cannot be missed for it is so clearly taught in:

i. The baptism of Christ

ii. The Apostolic benediction (2 Corinthians 13:14)

b. Example #2 — The doctrine of Christ (revealing of the Messiah)(1) A general description concerning whose line He will be in:

i. Genesis 3:15 The seed of the womanii. Genesis 12:1-3 Of the seed of Abraham

iii. Genesis 17:19 Of the seed of Isaac

iv. Genesis 25:23 Of the seed of Jacob

v. Genesis 49:10 Of the seed of Judah

vi. 2Sam.7:15-16OftheseedofDavid

(2) A more thorough description of His life:vii. Psalm22 Thecrucifixion

viii. Micah 5:2 His birthplace

ix. Isaiah 7:14 His virgin birth

x. Isaiah9:6-7Hiskingship

xi. Zec. 9:9-10 His triumphal entry into Jerusalem

B. Biblical indications of Revelation being progressive

(Acts 17:30) “And the times of this ignorance God winked at; but now commandeth all men every where to repent:” —in a former day God overlooked their ignorance, now He commands repentance

(Hebrews 1:1-2) “God, who at sundry times and in divers manners spake in time past unto the fathers by the prophets, {2} Hath in these last days spoken unto us by his Son, whom he hath appointed heir of all things, by whom also he made the worlds;”—outlines the various means of progressive revelation

(John 1:17) “For the law was given by Moses, but grace and truth came by Jesus Christ.”—different ways that God dealt with mankind

(John 14:16-17) “And I will pray the Father, and he shall give you another Comforter, that he may abide with you for ever; {17} Even the Spirit of truth; whom the world cannot receive, because it seeth him not, neither knoweth him: but ye know him; for he dwelleth with you, and shall be in you.”

IV. CHARACTERISTICS OF A DISPENSATION

A. Primary characteristics

The distinguishing characteristics of a new dispensation are three:

1. A change in God’s governmental relationship with man (though a dispensation does not have to be composed entirely of completely new


features)2. A resultant change in man’s responsibility3. Corresponding revelation necessary to effect the change (which is new and is

a stage in the progress of revelation through the Bible)

B. Other characteristics

1. Usual characteristics for a new dispensation include a test, a failure on man’s part to pass the test, and a judgment.

2. In one sense every dispensation contains the same test: Will a person respond favorably toward the responsibility of the particular economy underwhichheisliving?Specifically,thisgeneraltestisparticularizedineach dispensation by the nature of the revelation God gave in each instance concerning man’s responsibility. Actually, every part of the revelation belonging to each dispensation is a part of the test, and the totality of the revelation is the test. (Dispensationalism, by Charles Ryrie, page 34).

V. HOW MANY DISPENSATIONS ARE THERE?

Identifying the dispensations can follow this approach:

A. Observation #1

Easily distinguishable economies of God are three — (1) the Millennium during which Christ is visibly present, (2) the present dispensation of grace, and (3) the Mosaic dispensation of the Law. These meet the determining characteristics for establishing a new dispensation; namely, a change in God’s governmental relation-ship with man, a resultant change in man’s responsibility, and lastly a corresponding revelation necessary to effect the change (which is new and is a stage in the progress of revelation through the Bible).

B. Observation #2

The time between the creation and the giving of the Mosaic Law is the period which causesdifficultyindeterminingtheexactnumberofdispensationsandisthesubjectof differing opinions. There is an obvious change in God’s relationship/man’s respon-sibilitybeforeandafterthefallofmankindintosin.Hence,wenowcanidentifyfivedispensations — 1) Pre-fall, 2) Post-fall to Mosaic Law, 3) the Law, 4) Grace, and 5) the Millennial Kingdom.

C. Observation #3

Focus on the time period from the post-fall to the giving of the Mosaic Law. One can see that up to the time of Abraham God’s administration concerned all nations, whereas with Abraham He began to single out one nation, and in the singling out He made a very distinctive covenant with Abraham. The distinguishable characteristic ofGod’sdealingwithAbrahaminpromiseseemssufficienttodelineatewhatisoftencalled the dispensation of promise (or of the Patriarchs).


D. Observation #4

ThereseemstobesufficientwarrantinGod’snewarrangementforhumangovern-ment in the time of Noah to distinguish a dispensation at that time. Compare (Genesis 9:6)“Whososheddethman’sblood,bymanshallhisbloodbeshed:forintheimageof God made he man” with (Genesis 4:15), “And the LORD said unto him, There-fore whosoever slayeth Cain, vengeance shall be taken on him sevenfold. And the LORDsetamarkuponCain,lestanyfindinghimshouldkillhim.”

Conclusion...There are seven discernible dispensations: 1) Creation to the fall of man [Innocency], 2)FallofmantotheNoahicflood[Conscience],3)NoahicfloodtoAbraham[Hu-man Government], 4) Abraham to the Mosaic Law [Promise], 5) Mosaic Law to the crucifixion[theLaw],6)CrucifixiontoMillennialKingdom[Grace],and7)Millen-nial Kingdom to the eternal state [Millennial Kingdom].

VI. NAMES AND CHARACTERISTICS OF THE DISPENSATIONS

A. The Dispensation of Innocency

1. Key person — Adam2. Man’s responsibilities — Adam’s responsibilities involved maintaining the

garden and not eating of the fruit of the tree of the knowledge of good and evil.

3. Man’s failure/God’s judgment — Adam failed the test about eating and far-reaching judgments were pronounced upon him, his wife, mankind, the serpent, and the creation. God graciously intervened, promised a Redeemer, and made immediate provision for the acceptability of Adam and Eve in their sinful condition before God.

4. Scriptural revelation — the Scriptural revelation concerning this economy is recordedinGenesis1:28-3:6.

B. The Dispensation of Conscience1. This title “Conscience” comes from Romans 2:15 and is a proper designation

of the stewardship. This was the principal way God governed mankind during this economy, and obedience to the dictates of conscience was man’s chief stewardship responsibility.

2. Man’s responsibilities — Man was responsible to respond to God through the prompting of his conscience, and part of a proper response was to bring an acceptablebloodsacrificeasGodhadtaughthimtodo.(Genesis 3:21) “Unto Adam also and to his wife did the LORD God make coats of skins, and clothed them.”

(Genesis 4:4) “And Abel, he also brought of the firstlings of his flock and of the fat thereof. And the LORD had respect unto Abel and to his offering:”

3. Man’s failure/God’s judgment — Few met this stewardship (Abel, Enoch, Noah). Others did not respond and brought judgment on the world. Cain refused God’s correction; murder came on the scene of human history. Unnatural affection was widespread. Finally, there was open violence and corruption and widespread evil desire and purpose of heart. God’s


longsuffering came to an end and He brought the Flood as judgment on the universal wickedness of man. He also graciously intervened in saving Noah andhisfamily.NoahfoundgraceintheeyesoftheLord.Cf.Genesis6:2-8.

4. Scriptural revelation — the Scriptural revelation concerning this economy is recorded in Genesis 4:1-8:14.

C. The Dispensation of Civil Government

1. Key person — Noah2. Man’s responsibilities/God’s judgment — God gave man the right to take the

life of man, which in the very nature of the case gave man the authority to govern others. Failure to govern successfully occurred almost immediately. Noah became drunk and incapable of ruling. Under God’s command the people were to scatter over the face of the earth; man chose his own plan to stay together and build the Tower of Babel. Fellowship with man replaced fellowship with God. God judged man at Babel, confounded their language, and scattered him. He sovereignly chose to deal graciously with Abraham and his descendants.

3. New revelation — included animals’ fear of man, animals given to man toeat,thepromiseofnofurtherfloods,andtheinstitutionofcapitalpunishment.

4. Scriptural revelation — the Scriptural revelation concerning this economy is recorded in Genesis 8:15-11:9.

D. The Dispensation of Promise (or Patriarchal Rule)

1. Title—comesfromHebrews6:15and11:9.Thegovernmentofthiseconomy is best designated by dispensation of Patriarchal Rule. Prior to this dispensation all mankind had been related directly to God’s governing principles. Now God has chosen one family and one nation.

2. Man’s responsibilities/God’s judgment — the patriarchs were simply to believe and serve God. God gave them every material and spiritual provision as long as they remained in the promise land. They failed to believe God, and Jacob eventually left the land and led the people to Egypt. Bondage followed. A deliverer was provided, Moses, and the nation emerged from Egypt.

3. Scriptural revelation — the Scriptural revelation concerning this economy is recorded in Genesis 11:10-Exodus 18:27.

4. Is the dispensation of promise and the dispensation of the Mosaic Law actually two different dispensations? How are they distinguished? Answer — They are different and what distinguishes the two is the different bases on which God deals with people, e.g., He deals with the patriarchs according to promise, and He deals with the nation of Israel according to law. This distinction is clear from Galatians 3:15-29.

E. The Dispensation of the Mosaic Law

1. Duration — this dispensation stretches from the Exodus to the death of Christ,fromMosestoChrist,fromExodus19:1toActs1:26.

2. Man’s responsibilities/God’s judgment — the people were responsible to do all the law of God given at Mount Sinai. God gave the “Law” consisting of613commandmentscoveringallfacetsofIsrael’slifeandactivity.


They failed to keep it (Romans 10:1-3), resulting in the ten northern tribes being carried away in the Assyrian dispersion and the two southern tribes going into Babylonian captivity. Later, because of their rejection of Jesus of Nazareth, the people were dispersed into the entire world (Matthew 23:37-39).Godrepeatedlydealtwiththemgraciouslyandpromisedafinalregathering and restoration to their land. These promises were guaranteed in the Abrahamic Covenant, of which the law no way abrogated (Galatians 3:3-25).

3. Scriptural revelation — the Scriptural revelation concerning this economy is recordedinExodus19:1-Acts1:26.

F. The Dispensation of Grace

1. Key person — the Apostle Paul was the principal agent of the revelation of the grace of God for this dispensation.

2. Man’s responsibilities/God’s judgment — the responsibility on man is to accept the gift of righteousness that God freely offers to all (Romans 5:15-18). The vast majority has failed to do this and thus will be judged. The tribulation period itself is not a separate dispensation but is the judgment on those living persons who are Christ rejectors at the end of this present dispensation.

3. Scriptural revelation — the Scriptural revelation concerning this economy is recorded in Acts 2:1-Revelation 19:21.

G. The Dispensation of the Millennium

1. Key person — Jesus Christ will personally take charge of running the affairs of the world during this age. The Millennial kingdom will be set up in fulfillmentofallthepromisesgiveninbothTestamentsandparticularlythosecontained in the Abrahamic and David covenants. The kingdom will last 1,000 years.

2. Man’s responsibilities/God’s judgment — man will be responsible for obedience to the King and His laws. Christ will be ruling, and righteousness will prevail, overt disobedience will be quickly punished. Yet, at the end of the 1000 years enough rebels will be found to make a formidable army that will dare to attack the seat of government. The revolt will be unsuccessful, and the rebels will be cast into everlasting punishment.

3. Scriptural revelation — the Scriptural revelation concerning this economy is recorded in Revelation 20:7-9 and in various passages throughout the Bible.

VII. MARKS OF DISPENSATIONALISM

What are the essential marks of dispensationalism? How does it differ from Covenant theology’s system of interpretation? What is the sine qua non (the absolutely indispens-able part) of dispensationalism?

A. A dispensationalist keeps Israel and the Church _______________.

Israel is not the church and the church is not Israel.

“The basic premise of dispensationalism is two purposes God expressed in the forma-tion of two peoples who maintain their distinction throughout eternity.” (Dispensa-

Many men throughout the church age have acknowledged dispensational concepts and enunciated prin-ciples which later developed into dispensational-ism, although it would not be accurate to call them dispensa-tionalists—Justin Martyr (AD 110-165), Irenaeus (AD 130-200), Clement of Alexandria (AD 150-220), Augus-tine (AD 354-430), Pierre Poiret (AD 1646-1719), Jona-than Edwards (AD 1637-1716), Isaac Watts (AD 1674-1748), John Darby (AD 1800-1882), C. I. Scofield (AD 1843-1921), etc. Darby is held by many to be the father of dispen-sationalism. It didn’t originate with him, but he was instrumental in systematizing it.


tionalism, by Charles Ryrie, page 39).

“This is probably the most basic theological test of whether or not a person is a dispensationalist, and it is undoubtedly the most practical and conclusive. The one who fails to distinguish Israel and the church consistently will inevitably not hold to dispensational distinctions; and one who does will.” p.39

B. This distinction between Israel and the Church is born out of a system of hermeneutics that is usually called literal interpretation (historical-grammatical hermeneutics).

It does not spiritualize or allegorize as non-dispensational interpretation often does. Consistently literal, or plain, interpretation indicates a dispensational approach to the interpretation of Scripture. Literal, historical-grammatical interpretation consis-tently used in all areas of biblical interpretation is the sole possession and practice of dispensationalists.

C. Dispensationalism sees the underlying purpose of God in the world is to bring glory to Himself as the sovereign ruler of the universe.

It is His basic purpose in all His dealings with mankind. To the Covenant theologian God’s basic purpose is to bring __________________ to man.


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05a–

Dis

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Documents

DISPENSATIONAL THEOLOGY