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Disney Animation Techniques 1937 1959By Des Murphy

1Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs -1937The first full-length animated feature film.The first produced in full Technicolor.The film became the most successful motion picture of 1938 and earned over $8 million on its initial release, the equivalent of $122,487,945 in 2010.

2Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs -1937Technicolor - A three-color method that included all colours of the rainbow.

aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa3Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs - 1937The Multiplane Camera Created a three-dimensional effect.

Composite image as seen by cameraLighting for each layerIndividual elements arranged in layers4Pinocchio -1940Rotoscoping An animationtechnique in which animatorstrace over live-action filmmovement, frame by frame.

5Pinocchio -1940Pinocchio was a groundbreaking achievement inhighly realistic effectanimation.Used Live Action Reference.

6Sleeping Beauty - 1959First animated feature to be photographed in the Technirama widescreen process.

7Sleeping Beauty - 1959The last Disney feature touse hand-inked cels in theanimation.Every shot in the film wasdone from a live-actionreference version.

8Disney Animation from 101 Dalmatians (1961) to Beauty and the Beast (1991)9Xerography 101 Dalmatians (1961) the first movie to use this method. Also first animated Disney movie to not use the technique of rotoscoped. Disney animation team had a limited budget so had to come up with a way to make a box office hit at a reduced cost. Ub Iwerks, having experimented with Xerography, suggested using this program which side-tracked the hand inking process, this involved placing the cels over the drawings and inkers copying the outlines with different coloured inks. This process only leaves the colour to be inked on. One problem of this system is the original sketch type of drawing was kept in the final movie. Problem was improved in the 1977 movie The Rescuers by re-drawing the original sketches into a cleaner finished product.

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11Recycled AnimationOver the next few years, the action of using templates already used in previous animations became quite common. The ability to reuse these templates reduced cost which was important in the times of Disney's limited budgets.In The Sword and the Stone (1963) some templates were taken from Bambi (1942) , and 101 Dalmatians. Some of the templates from this movie were also carried through to the next feature The Jungle Book (1967).

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13Revolutionary Animation TechniquesAnimation in The Rescuers (1977) used in the opening credits marked the first time camera movements were used over still photographs.New Xerography program used in this film re-created the softer outline that was not previously available with this system. Previously could only use black outlines, now use medium grey tones and more.

14ATP ProcessThe Black Cauldron (1985) was the first Disney animation to use APT (Animation Photo Transfer) process, instead of Xerography.Also first of Disney films to use computer-generated imagery.APT process, invented by David W. Spencer for this movie, photo's were taken and the negatives of these images were used. Negative copied with light sensitive dye and the light caused it to combine with the cels. Chemicals were used on parts uncovered to light. Detailed parts of images still had to be inked by hand after this process.

15CGI CGI continued to be used in the future Disney films, including The Little Mermaid (1989). This was also the last film to use the method of hand-painted cel animation.CGI involves the creation of 3D images through the use of computer software.

16CAPSThe Rescuers Down Under (1990) was the first movie with Beauty and the Beast (1991) as the second to use CAPS (Computer Animation Production System) which was developed by Pixar for Disney, this involved scanning animators drawing and background paintings into the computer which allows them to be inked and coloured by digital designers which allowed for camera movements, multiplane effects and other effects to be determined .CAPS also allows hand-drawn animations and CGI to easily combined.

17Disney Renaissance?1989 Present18The Womans role in later DisneyDe Rozario 1994Princesses in later Disney perform an opposite social journey to Walts traditional princessRole of Woman changing with society.The Little Mermaid, Pocahontas, Mulan.Jasmine in Aladdin; Jafars slave when he gets access to the genie, helps Aladdin by seducing Jafar.Tarzan; Jane requires saving

19Return to classic Disney MusicalsThe Little Mermaid; Return to the musical Disney.This proved successful as there are 6 Disney Renaissance animated films in the top 50 highest grossing animated moviesThe Lion King is second only to be topped by Toy Story 3.

20Multicultural Phase Aladdin Good vs Evil.Aladdin and Jamsine have thick American accentsSultan British jolly accentJafar Arabic accent.

Hunchback of Notre Dame racist oppression of Quasimodo and the gypsies in Paris.

21RealismHercules, Mulan, Pocahontas, Hunchback of Notre Dame and the Little Mermaid are based on stories and historical figures.Victor Hugos Hunchback Notre Dame; Everyone is killed, Quasimodo commits suicide by starving himself. Brothers Grimm Little Mermaid; Also dies, and her sisters lose their hair.

22Following the Disney RenaissanceFollowing the Disney Renaissance there was a lull for Disney.Animation; The animation level here is out standing, with exceptional facial expressionsThe ending scene of Atlantis was described as the most difficult scene in the history of Disney AnimationNeglected movies.FANTASIA 2000 The Emperors New Groove. Atlantis: The Lost Empire 350 Animators, based on comic book style Mike Mignola. Lilo & Stitch Treasure PlanetBrother Bear Home on the Range

23But it didnt workFollowing these unsuccessful movies, Disney returned the traditional hand drawn movies;The Princess and the Frog. (2009)(First hand drawn feature for over 5 years)Tangled Computer GraphicsWhy did this work when the CG films of the 2000s didnt?

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