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École Nationale Supérieure d’Arts et Métiers - Aix-en-Provence - France Diseño para manufactura y ensamblaje: Ingeniería concurrente Pr. Lionel ROUCOULES [email protected] www.ensam.fr Access to IDEFØ 1

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Page 1: Diseño para manufactura y ensamblaje: Ingeniería · PDF fileDiseño para manufactura y ensamblaje: Ingeniería concurrente ... Post Doc position at TU Twente ... CAM, CAx and PLM

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Diseño para manufactura

y ensamblaje: Ingeniería

concurrente

Pr. Lionel ROUCOULES [email protected]

www.ensam.fr

Access to IDEFØ

1

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Who I am: brief curriculum

Professor at the Arts & Métiers Paris Institute of Technology (France) Research at LSIS-IMS laboratory

Associate Professor at the University of Technology of Troyes (France) -Sept. 2000 – Sept. 2008 Head of the ICD-LASMIS research team (jan. 2008 – sept. 2008)

Head of Mechanical Systems Master course (jan. 2005 – jan. 2008)

Teaching in the Department of Mechanical Systems Engineering

Research at LASMIS (Laboratory of Mechanical Systems and Concurrent Engineering)

Post Doc position at TU Twente (The Netherlands) - October 1999 – August 2000

PhD thesis – National Polytechnic Institute of Grenoble 1999 Title: Methods and software for the contribution to the development of a computer-

supported integrated design environment.

MSc in mechanics - National Polytechnic Institute of Grenoble 1995

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What I am investigating for

Research topics:

Integrated design, Computer-Aided Design and collaborative software

environment

DFX by least commitment approach (multi-physical modelling, DFM

modelling)

Industrialisation methods and tools

MEMS design and manufacturing

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ENSAM : Paris Institute of

Technology

An engineering school (“Grande Ecole”)

8 campus (BSc, MSc and Research) Paris

Chalon en Champagne

Metz

Bordeaux

Cluny

Lille

Aix en Provence (my campus)

Angers

3 Institutes (MSc course) Bastia

Chalon sur Sôane

Chambery

Paris

Lille

Ch. en Ch.Metz

Angers

Bordeaux

Cluny

Aix en Pce

4

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Who are you ?

What are your expectations in attending this course ?

Who knows about ?

Concurrent and integrated engineering design

Design for X

Virtual prototyping

CAD, CAM, CAx and PLM

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Objective of the course

To provide methods related to engineering design in order to be able

to improve design process and product „s performances

Remark: the concepts are illustrated on examples treated in a

specific context. They nevertheless can be adapted to many more

situations

Students should be able to:

Understand the main approaches concerning system engineering

Point out the limits of current industrial context and CAD system

Understand new methods proposed in the past 20 years

Implement and adapt those approaches in specific industrial contexts

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Outline

Introducción al contexto de diseño

Ciclo de vida del producto, procesos de diseño (fases, jalones)

Ingeniería sistema

Evolución del entorno industrial (colaboraciones)

Métodos de diseño (conceptos)

Método sistemática

Método axiomática

Método de diseño concurrente y integrado

Introducción al Diseño para X

Modelos y software actuales por el diseño

Modelos de empresas

Modelos de procesos

Modelos de producto (funciones, estructura, geometría, comportamiento) y simulaciones para validar el diseño y la industrialización

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Outline

Síntesis y límites

Los modelos y herramientas vs los métodos (diseño centrado en el

modelo de CAD en lugar de estar centrado en los conocimientos

La cadena numérica de las informaciones

La gestión de los datos técnicos y el problema de interoperabilidad

Introducción a los conceptos de “integración” en el proceso de

diseño

Integración PPO y PPR

Integración de conocimientos (DFM, DFA, ACV…)

Integración multi-fisica

Métodos DFX

Nuevos conceptos (least commitment, …identificación y integración producto-

processos)

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Introduction to current

practices in « virtual »

engineering

Issues of design and innovation

of complex system

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Product birth Which product (price, public,

date) ?

Design Which functions?

Which technologies ? Use (components, materials)

Manufacturing process and system

Usage phase Maintaining technology

Product dismantling Disassembly technologies

Recycling technologies

Industrial departments

Marketing

Design service

Manufacturing service

Purchase service

Maintenance Service

Design project and product

LifeCycleMarketing

Development

Sales

Maintenance

RecyclingIndustrialisation

Production

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Design project and milestones

Project driving

Task management (cf. product lifecycle)

Ressources management (Human, material, information)

Milestones for:

Decision making

Reduce feed-backs (Cf. integrated design)

Objectives driven project

Lancement d‟un

nouveau projet

ex-nihilo

J1 J2 J3 J4

Développement

Conception détaillée

R&DEtude marketing Industrialisation

Début du

développement

IndustrialisationPrototypageDébut avant

projet

Production

Vente

J5

Fin de projet

(Ou du produit)

J6J0

Maintenance

Modification

12

(Cours JPN)

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Examples…

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Industrial development at Loréal

Marketing International

Développement Industriel

Formule & Timing

PVIS Cible

Quantités estimatives

Le brief marketingMaquettes/Définition de

la Gamme

Industrialisation14

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IDEEAVANT-

PROJETPROJET

Définir le concept

et élaborer le brief

Proposer et

présélec-tionner

des couples formule/

packaging

Affiner la définition

du produit

& Valider la faisabilité technique

du produit

Analy

ser le

s ris

ques

Fabrication et

conditionnement

Développement formule

AC primaires et secondaires

Communication, média, hors média, RP, événementiel

Merchandising et PLV / Echantillonage

Préparation des pays, prévisions et commandes

Sélectionner les idées

Préparer le projet Développer le produit

Préparer la commercialisation pays

Produire

Validation CDCE Validation CDCD Présentationmarché

MAD Centrale

Development process: main

phases

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Development process: planing

Validation CDCD

MADCentrale

Validation

économique

ConstructionÉquation Économique

cible

ConstructionÉquation Économique

estimative

ConstructionÉquation

Économique de lct.

Validation CDCE

Présentationmarché

Choix du nomRecherche de nomsNom

CréationPLV

ConceptionPLV

Appel d ‟offre

FabricationPLVPLV2

Concept

Formule

Publicité.&

Communi -

cation

Sélection choix intentions publicitaires

Créationvisuel

Phaseidée

Phase avant projet

(cas d’un développement d’outillage)

Phaseprojet

Fabrication ACconditionnement

Engagementmarché

Commercia-

lisation

Constructionpotentiel projet

Envoi bookPV + PLV1

Envoi bookPLV2

Engagementmarché

Dévelopt

Packaging

Sélectionpackaging

Définitionpackaging

Conceptiontechnique AC

+Pré spécifications

Développement Moule (essai + industriel) + Mise au point + homologations

ou Packaging

existantDéfinition Pack

Choix conceptévaluation

FormulationApprov. MPFabrication jus

Tests marketing et tests labospuis officialisation

Études marchéexploratoires

Mise au point + homologations

Élaboration deséléments de communication

& publicité

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Ordre des étapes

du développement

Durée et séquence

relatives des tâchesPLANNING

Décor

Flacon

CapotJus

Industrial development actors

Production

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Marketing

Packaging

LAF

Usine :

Logistique

Packaging

Qualité

Achats

RAD

Labo

Compatibilité

Pilote

DGA

Fournisseurs

D.A.FDEVELOPPEMENT

TECHNIQUE

Direction Technique DPL

DGT

Industrial development actors

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Industrial development at

Bourjois

[Per 05]

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Development process: planing

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Plane development plan

Concept

Phase

Definition

Phase

M14

M13

Ready for

Entry into

ServiceM1

Market

Opportunities

Identified M5

Instruction to

Proceed (ITP)

M3

A/C Concept

Selected

M9

Begin of

Final Assembly

M7

Go ahead

Product Idea

Established

M0 M4A/C

Configuration

Baselined

M6Authorization

to Offer (ATO)

M2Standards and

Requirements

Available

M8First

Metal Cut

M10Power On

M12Type

Validation

M11

First Flight

Analyze

MarketNeeds

Most

Promizing

A/C

OptimizeConcept

On A/CLevel

Consoli-date A/CConfigu-

FinalizeA/CSpecifi-

Assure

Industrial

Launch Assemble

& Test

Sections

ConductFinalAssembly

ProcessPrepare

1st Flight

Achieve

TypeAchieve

Operation

Complete

Basic

IdentifyInitiate

Manu-

Readi-

ObserveBusiness

ConceptrationBaseline

Cation &

Com-

mercialProposals

Condition

factureof Parts

Manu-

factureof Parts,

Certifi-cation &

Analyze

MarketSituation

ness

Develop-

ment

Development PhaseFeasibility

Phase

Ground

Test &

Perform

ValidateStandardSpec.

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Reactor development plan

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Reactor development plan and

« vritual » engineering

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Development plan at Johnson

Controls

• Aéronautique, automobile, téléphonie, multimédia, etc.

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Development plan at Johnson

Controls

PLUS

Reviews

1 Proposal 2 Product Feasibility 3 Design & Tooling 4 Production Validation 5 Launch

Product & ThemeDefinition Reviews(Internal/Customer)

11 22 33 44 55

CE&M Review

CE&M Review @ DVPlanned Completion

CE&MReview

@ PV Planned Completion

TargetedBusiness Plan

SOW (Quote) SOW (Revised)

ProgramBusiness Plan

CAR & TA Submission CAR & TA Approval

SOW (Revised)

SSOWs Written SSOWs Signed DV Tool Orders

Development eBOM

Parts Matrix

2D Theme Rendering Set 3D Theme Surface Models 3D Class A Surface

CAD Models / Layouts

Product Specifications FEA / Engineering Analysis

DFMEA (Actions & Dates Identified)

PFMEA (Actions & Dates Identified)

CAD Models (Class ASurface Incorporated)

EDP&R Build &Testing

DFMEA(Actions Implemented)

PFMEA(Actions Implemented)

CAD Detail Drawings

Tool, Gage & FixtureDesign

Plant Layout / Equipment Design

DV BuildInspection

Order DV Parts

Pull Ahead Production/PrototypeTooling, Gages & Fixtures

AssyCriticalDVP&R

CE&MReview

Production Control Plan

CustomerPart Approval

Complete DVP&RTesting

CompleteProduction Tooling

AssyPVP&RTesting

SupplierPart Approval

Complete Manufacturing Equipment

Order PV Parts

PV BuildInspection

DV CustomerShipments

Customer Shipments

Product Launch System Account FinancialManagement

Quality Objectives & Roadmap / Supplier AQP Report DV Control Plan / MSA

DV ManufacturingEquipment Construction

Key:Program

ManagementPurchasing Industrial

DesignEngineering Quality Manufacturing Suppliers

Revision: October 2005

PhaseExit

PhaseExit

PhaseExit

Program Award

Program Award

ProductionRepresentative

Product

ProductionRepresentative

Product

PhaseExit

PhaseExit

Start ofProduction

Start ofProduction

CustomerPart Approval

CustomerPart Approval

PV Tool Orders

CE&M& PSDR

Product Feasibility

Product FeasibilityProgram

Milestones

Program

Milestones

CustomerShipments

Product &Theme Definition

Product &Theme Definition

Pull Ahead Production Tool Release

Pull Ahead Production Tool Release

Process Flow Diagram / DFM&A

Plant Launch Glide Path

Sourcing Requirements

Review

Tooling Requirements

Review

Award Letter

QBOM

Final ProductionRelease

Final ProductionRelease

PLUS

Reviews

1 Proposal 2 Product Feasibility 3 Design & Tooling 4 Production Validation 5 Launch

Product & ThemeDefinition Reviews(Internal/Customer)

11 22 33 44 55

CE&M Review

CE&M Review @ DVPlanned Completion

CE&MReview

@ PV Planned Completion

TargetedBusiness Plan

SOW (Quote) SOW (Revised)

ProgramBusiness Plan

CAR & TA Submission CAR & TA Approval

SOW (Revised)

SSOWs Written SSOWs Signed DV Tool Orders

Development eBOM

Parts Matrix

2D Theme Rendering Set 3D Theme Surface Models 3D Class A Surface

CAD Models / Layouts

Product Specifications FEA / Engineering Analysis

DFMEA (Actions & Dates Identified)

PFMEA (Actions & Dates Identified)

CAD Models (Class ASurface Incorporated)

EDP&R Build &Testing

DFMEA(Actions Implemented)

PFMEA(Actions Implemented)

CAD Detail Drawings

Tool, Gage & FixtureDesign

Plant Layout / Equipment Design

DV BuildInspection

Order DV Parts

Pull Ahead Production/PrototypeTooling, Gages & Fixtures

AssyCriticalDVP&R

CE&MReview

Production Control Plan

CustomerPart Approval

Complete DVP&RTesting

CompleteProduction Tooling

AssyPVP&RTesting

SupplierPart Approval

Complete Manufacturing Equipment

Order PV Parts

PV BuildInspection

DV CustomerShipments

Customer Shipments

Product Launch System Account FinancialManagement

Quality Objectives & Roadmap / Supplier AQP Report DV Control Plan / MSA

DV ManufacturingEquipment Construction

Key:Program

ManagementPurchasing Industrial

DesignEngineering Quality Manufacturing Suppliers

Revision: October 2005

PhaseExit

PhaseExit

PhaseExit

Program Award

Program Award

ProductionRepresentative

Product

ProductionRepresentative

Product

PhaseExit

PhaseExit

Start ofProduction

Start ofProduction

CustomerPart Approval

CustomerPart Approval

PV Tool Orders

CE&M& PSDR

Product Feasibility

Product FeasibilityProgram

Milestones

Program

Milestones

CustomerShipments

Product &Theme Definition

Product &Theme Definition

Pull Ahead Production Tool Release

Pull Ahead Production Tool Release

Process Flow Diagram / DFM&A

Plant Launch Glide Path

Sourcing Requirements

Review

Tooling Requirements

Review

Award Letter

QBOM

Final ProductionRelease

Final ProductionRelease

ELABORATION

Refine the definition of

the product,

Define and baseline an

ARCHITECTURE,

and

Develop a more precise

plan for its development

and deployment.

Design Review

SRS

SAD

SIP

SVP

REALIZATION

Product is built,

up to the point where it can be

put in the hands of its end-

users

Qualification

Review

SIR

SVR

MRS

SEM

MANUFACTURING

Product is transitioned to manufacturing,

and delivering,

Manufacturing

Review

SVS

PMA

SW Development Plan

SW Quality Assurance Plan

SW Requirements Specification

SW Architecture Design

SW Integration Plan

SW Validation Plan

SW Integration Report

SW Validation Report

Manufacturing Requirements Specification

SW Eeprom Mapping

MAINT-

ENANCE

Product

is

modified

on

customer

requests

SVSSW Version Sheet

Post Mortem Analysis

PREPARATION

Define the

Overall

scope of the

Project

Define

preliminary

Architecture

Plan Next

Phases

SDP

SQAP

Plan

Review

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System engineering…examples

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AFIS : System engineering concerns a se of acitivities and

actors that are processed for product or system development.

29

V development cycle and system

engineering

Besoins

Clients

Réponses

solutions

physiques

Définition

Organes

Définition

composants

organes

Concrétisation

des

organes

Test

validation

composants

Test

définition

organes

Validation

physique

Validation

besoins

Plan de tests

Plan de tests

Plan de tests

Spécifications

Techniques de

besoin

Spécifications

Techniques de

Générales

Spécifications

Techniques de

Détaillées

Spécifications

Techniques de

réalisation

Dossiers de

validation

Dossiers de

validation

Dossiers de

validation

Dossiers de

validation

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Besoins

Clients

Réponses

solutions

physiques

Définition

Organes

Définition

composants

organes

Concrétisation

des

organes

Test

validation

composants

Test

définition

organes

Validation

physique

Validation

besoins

Plan de tests

Plan de tests

Plan de tests

Spécifications

Techniques de

besoin

Spécifications

Techniques de

Générales

Spécifications

Techniques de

Détaillées

Spécifications

Techniques de

réalisation

Dossiers de

validation

Dossiers de

validation

Dossiers de

validation

Dossiers de

validation

L‟Analyse

Fonctionnelle

Quality

Functional

Deployment

Simulations de

comportements

Calcul

Cotation

Fonctionnelle

Simulation de

Procédés

L‟Analyse Modes de

Défaillances de

leurs Effets et leur

Criticité

Essais Physiques

Plans

d‟Expériences

Taguchi

Six Sigma

Simulation des

contrôles

commandes

machinesSimulation des

flux et stocks

Gammes de

Fabrication d‟Assemblage Simulation de

production

Analysis models and V

development cycle

30

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V development cycle and plane

breakdown (3 levels)

31

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V development cycle and “virtual

engineering” software

Feasibility Concept Definition Development Series

M3 M5 M7 M13

Numerical Command

Tooling Master Geometry

Assembly

Instructions

Tooling Principles

Tooling Space Allocation

Tooling Frontier Models

Manufacturing Plan

Ind

ustr

iali

zati

on

Supportability Analysis

Supportability Discrepancies

Support Specification

Support Objectives

Su

pp

ort

Master Geometry

Frontier Models

Definition Model

Space Allocation

Stress Design Reference Base

Design Principles

Definition Dossier

Air

cra

ft

Systems Architecture

32

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V development cycle for reactorsExpression du

besoin

Nouveau projet

avionneur

Spécification du

propulseur

Conception générale

(Autonomie, Consommation,

Intégration à l‟avion…)

(Positionnement des modules, Concepts

de montage/configurations, Allocations

d‟espace de conception 3D…)

Conception détaillée –

Intégration des modules

« Design »Simulations

mécaniques,

maintenance

Industrialisation

Machines

d‟essais,

série

Intégration des

éléments

Test au sol –

Bancs d‟essais

Test en vol

Maintenance

33

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CAD-FEA simulation feedbacks

Conception

détaillée

Validation du

modèle/simulation

Définition

générale du

produit

Objet Virtuel

Analyse

contextuelle

Validation générale de la

conception/ Contexte

maquette numérique

Référentiel/Spécificati

on de simulation

Maillage des éléments

« Conception »pour la

simulation

Modèle élément finis

intégré

Analyse/Validation

des résultats

Boucle simulation Design

34

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35

Travail en itération (dans chaque phase)

et incrémentation (d’une phase à l’autre)

• 1 ou plusieurs cycles en V sont

appliqués dans chaque phase

• Chaque phase/cycle génère un

prototypeValidation

Integration

Unit. Tests

Code

Specification

Pre. Design

Det. DesignPREPARATION MANUFACTURINGREALIZATIONELABORATION

Phase Exit: Assess if Defined Objectives have been met, Deliverables completed, Models updated.

Define the

Overall scope

of the Project

Define

preliminary

Architecture

Plan Next

Phases

Refine the

definition of the

product,

Define and

baseline an

ARCHITECTURE

,

and

Develop a more

precise plan for

its development

and deployment.

Product is built,

up to the point

where it can be

put in the hands

of its end-users

Product is

transitioned to

manufacturing,

and delivering,

MILESTONE

DR M

R

SRPR

ITERATION

+ Maintenance Phase…

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Cycle en V d’un logiciel

embarqué phase réalisation et outils/acteurs

Une équipe

dédiée à un seul

projet

CodingCodingCoding

RequirementsSpecificationRequirementsRequirements

SpecificationSpecification

ArchitectureDesignArchitectureArchitecture

DesignDesign

DetailedDesignDetailedDetailed

DesignDesign

ValidationTestValidationValidation

TestTest

IntegrationTestIntegrationIntegration

TestTest

UnitaryTestUnitaryUnitary

TestTest

EE--CARCARGraph CoverageGraph CoverageGraph DebugGraph Debug

StateMateStateMateRapid / VAPSRapid / VAPSSA/RT Select YourdonSA/RT Select YourdonCustomer Interactive Q/ACustomer Interactive Q/A

Standard 3 LayersStandard 3 LayersSoftware ArchitectureSoftware ArchitectureVisioVisioUML Artisan / RoseUML Artisan / Rose

GraphDesignerGraphDesignerJ.I.L.J.I.L.

Visual C++ 6.0 & Cross compilerVisual C++ 6.0 & Cross compilerQAC Misra Compliance ModuleQAC Misra Compliance Module

Programming RulesProgramming Rules

TestU EnvironmentTestU EnvironmentCC--Cover CoverageCover CoverageComponent CheckListComponent CheckList

EE--CARCARRR--CARCARSVLSVL

SCEPTRESCEPTRE

Delivery FormDelivery Form

PV

CS

P

rom

otio

n

PV

CS

P

rom

otio

n

MSMS--ProjectProjectProject FolderProject Folder

Project

Leader

Software

Coordinator

Sw Validation

Team Leader

Software

Lead

Engineer

Software

Auditor

Validators Software

Implementers

Validation

Expert

Software

Team Leader

Sw

Requirements

Engineer

Software

Product

Integrator

36

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Product LifeCycle and product

design process

37

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Design phases

Functional analysis

(requirements specification)

Main functions

Constrain functions

Conceptual and embodiement

design

Technologies selection

Technologies assesment

Detail design

Details of the solution and

prototyping.

Requirements specification

Conceptual design

Embodiment design

Detailed design

[Pahl & Beitz]

(Example VTT)38

Marketing

Development

Sales

Maintenance

RecyclingIndustrialisation

Production

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Key issue: design process

modelling and rationale

Design processCustomer

requirements

Product models for VP development

Costs

Ress. Software

Human Ressources

Material ressources

Quality, norm

Industrial

context

Physical and digital mock-up

What have been the main design methods ?

Which product models ?

How to improve software ?

39

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« Concepts, ideas, philosophies to change design reasoning

and organisation toward product innovation »

Design methods

40

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Industrial organisation evolution

for design process

Information transfer and prescription

Over the wall approach

Information exchange and collaboration (1990th)

Concurrent engineering

Integrated design

41

What have been the main design methods ?

Which product models ?

How to improve software ?

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Several methodological approaches for design process

Industrial performance driving (Doumeingt, Girard…)

Systematic design (Pahl & Beitz, Roth, …)

Concurrent and integrated design (Sohlenius, Andreasen, Tichkiewitch, ...)

Axiomatic design (Suh, Yoshikawa, …)

Innovaiton management (Altshuller…)

DFX (Boothroyd, O'Grady, Huang, …)

Co-design (Garro, Hatchuel, Prasad, …) 42

(Details of the approaches)

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- Several product assessment

- Decision making process

Practical work 1: collaborative

design (2h00)

43

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Synthesis of the PW n°1

Understand the design problem and master the “expertise”

Be able to quickly assess the solutions in order to be proactive (vs.

reactive)

Make some hypothesis to master the solution

Know how to behave in a collaborative context

Be integrated in the design group (social)

Understand who is who (organisation)

Expert-Expert relations (informatin chaining)

Relation with the project leader (decision)

Know how to lead the project

What are the objectives

Information modelling (design process)

Decision making project (convergence and not prescription)

44

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« To set formal data structure and relationships that

trace and model specific phenomenon »

Information modelling…

45

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Product modelling (what ?)

Functional representation

Product breakdown

Design process modelling (Who, When, how ?)

Tasks representation

Industrial organisation modelling

Performances driving….

3 levels of information modelling

for design rationale

Design processCustomer

requirements

Product models

Cost

Software

Human resources

Material

resources

Norm

Industrial

context

Product assesments

46

What have been the main design methods ?

Which product models ?

How to improve software ?

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« Computer support for information modelling and

behaviours’ simulations »

… and software for digital design

chain

47

What have been the main design methods ?

Which product models ?

How to improve software ?

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GRAI-R&D Liaison IPPOP

Créer Fonction Détruire FonctionCréer Niveau Détruire Niveau

Plan Action

Créer Lien

Informationnel

Détruire Lien

Informationnel

Créer Cadre de

Décision

Détruire Cadre de

Décision

Créer Centre de

Décision

Détruire Centre de

Décision

Plan Objet

Gérer les Infos

ProjetsPlanifier

Gérer les

RessourcesGérer les Besoins

Gérer la Connais.

Produit ProcessusConcevoir

Infos

Externes

Infos

Externes

Infos

Internes

Infos

Internes

Niveau

Stratégique

Niveau

Opérationnel

Niveau

Tactique

H : x ans

P : y mois

H : x mois

P : y semaines

H : x semaines

P : y jours

Sauver Structure

GRAI R&D

Nouvelle Structure

GRAI R&D

Organiser la

capitalisation

Définir les

activités de

conception

Définir les

besoins des

utilisateurs

Superviser

les activités

de

capitalisation

Définir les

activités

élémentaires

Vérifier

l‟adéquation

spécifications

-solutions

Suivre

l‟exécution

des activités

individuelles

Planifier les

relations avec

le client

Capitaliser

l‟information

technique

Gérer les flux

d‟information

et déployer

les

procédures

Planifier les

projets

Définir les

RH et la

stratégie /

technologies

Synthétiser

l‟avancement

des projets

Planifier les

activités et

organiser

les projets

Affecter les RH

et ajuster les

investissements

Planifier les

activités

individuelles

Enterprise modelling for

performances driving

48

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Input Output

Control

Mechanisms

Manufacture

Milling Assembly

2

A0

13

Part clamping

22

Milling

A-0

4

21

23

Supply stocks

A2Operation 1

Operation 2

Design process modelling: IDEFØ

or SADT actigram

49

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Système

multibroch

es

Milieu

extérieur

Fp2

C3

C4

PerceuseForets

Fp1

C5

OpérateurPièce

15 1 Palier avant PA 11

14 1 Chambre tournante X 2 CrNi 18-10 (Z 2 CN 18-10)

13 2 Rondelle de réglage

12 1 Chapeau X 2 CrNi 18-10 (Z 2 CN 18-10)

11 2 Butée à billes

10 1 Bec de dosage X 2 CrNi 18-10 (Z 2 CN 18-10)

9 3 Joint torique 91,4 x 5,3 Silicone

8 2 Joint torique 69,2 x 5,3 Silicone

7 1 Piston Téflon

6 1 Bride Ertalon

5 7 Ecrou moleté M10 Norelem

4 1 Pignon récepteur ( Z=35 , m=6 ) Ertalon

3 1 Manivelle X 8 Cr 17 (Z 8 C 17)

2 1 Pignon moteur ( Z=35 , m=6 ) C 35 (XC 35) Nickelé

1 1 Bâti

Rep. Nbre Désignation Matière Obs.

POMPE DOSEUSENomenclature

partielle

Requirements specification

Conceptual design

Embodiment design

Detail design

Function

Technology

Form features

Behaviours

Product modelling

50

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Who will use the product ? On what the product is actuating?

What is the customer need ?

Manufacturers Parts

To increase the

production rate

System

Product modelling « functions »: « La bête a corne »

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Configuration : drilling

Fp1 : To drill 3 holes in a raw

Fp2 : To transmit the power

C3 : To resist to environment

C4 : To protect the operator

C5 : To clamp the cutting tools

C6 : To clamp the driller

System

environment

Fp2

C3

C4

DrillerDrill Tools

Fp1

C5

OperatorPart

* APTE (APplication aux Techniques d' Entreprise) or « Pieuvre »

Product modelling « functions »: Interactions Graph*

52

C6

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* Functional Analysis System Technique

BRAS

UTILISATEUR

F1TRANSMETTRE

MVT DE ROTATION

BRAS/BATI

ASSURER LA

LIAISON COMPLETE

AVEC LE BRAS

ASSURER LA

LIAISON COMPLETE

AVEC LE BATI

GUIDER EN

ROTATION

LE BRAS/BATI

PERMETTRE

UTIL. D‟EXTRAIRE

SYSTEME/MILIEU

F2

UTILISER

ENERGIE

HYDRAULIQUEASSURER

LIAISONS

DEMONTABLES

RESPECTER

L‟ENVIRONMENT

EVACUER

HUILE

ISOLER

ALIMENTATION

HYDRAULIQUE

BRAS

BATI

ALIMENTATION

HYDRAULIQUE

BRAS

BATI

BRAS

BATI

HUILE

HUILE

F11

F12

F13

F14

F221

F222

F21

F22

ALIMENTATION

HYDRAULIQUE

FunctionWhich

objective ?How ?

When ?

When ?

Product modelling « functions »: FAST*

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Function 1

Function 11 Function 12 Function 13

Function 111 Function 112 Function 121

Function 1111

Product modelling « functions »: functionnal breakdown

54

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Functional modelling

Innovation and technology selection

• APTE Avt et APTE Fonc

• BDF

• CdCF et CdCF 2

• TAF

http://www.tdc.fr

• Invention WorkBench (http://www.ideationtriz.com)

• QFD Capture

• QFD Designer

• TechOptimizer (http://www.invention-machine.com)

• TRIZZ Explorer (http://www.insytec.com)

Software for functional modelling

and technology selection

55

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Product

S/s-ens. A S/s-ens. B S/s-ens. C

Module A2Module A1

Part

A1BPart A1A

Product modelling

« breakdown » : Structural tree

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ce -

Fra

nce

15 1 Palier avant PA 11

14 1 Chambre tournante X 2 CrNi 18-10 (Z 2 CN 18-10)

13 2 Rondelle de réglage

12 1 Chapeau X 2 CrNi 18-10 (Z 2 CN 18-10)

11 2 Butée à billes

10 1 Bec de dosage X 2 CrNi 18-10 (Z 2 CN 18-10)

9 3 Joint torique 91,4 x 5,3 Silicone

8 2 Joint torique 69,2 x 5,3 Silicone

7 1 Piston Téflon

6 1 Bride Ertalon

5 7 Ecrou moleté M10 Norelem

4 1 Pignon récepteur ( Z=35 , m=6 ) Ertalon

3 1 Manivelle X 8 Cr 17 (Z 8 C 17)

2 1 Pignon moteur ( Z=35 , m=6 ) C 35 (XC 35) Nickelé

1 1 Bâti

Rep. Nbre Désignation Matière Obs.

POMPE DOSEUSENomenclature

partielle

Product modelling

« breakdown »: BOM (Bill Of Material)

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Product modelling : functional Bloc-

diagramme

E2

E3

Componant 1 Componant 2

Componant 2FP1

E1

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Product modelling : function-structure

MatrixF

1

F 1

1F

12

F 1

3

F 1

11

F 1

21

System

S/s-ens. A

M B2M B1

P B1A

S/s-ens. B

P B1B

Surface 1 Surface 2

Surface 3

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Point/Ligne/Surface/Volume

CSG Modelling (Constructive Solide Geometry)

Boolean operations based on primitives

Représentation B-Rep de la géométrie

Cylindre 1Cylindre 2

Fusion

CSG tree of a part

Remark: Usually, both models

are coupled (cf. OCC).

Product modelling : « Form

modelling » : CAD

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Product modelling: « Behaviours

assesment »

(processes

simulation)

FEA analysis model Limit conditions.

Loading.

Material behaviour.

Kinematics model Kinematic data.

Dynamic data (masse).

Motion laws (input).

Manufacturing model Manufacturing plan

Cutting tool and trajectory.

Material and cutting parameters

NC machine and post-processor

« X » models

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Some examples Software for

behaviours assessment

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Global model

Local model

« Software tools for behaviour assesment of product,

design process and industrial performances »

Global and fast assesment

• Machining: CAM.

• Kinematic: ProMECHANICA/Motion.

• Structural analysis: RDM 3D.

• ...

Local assesment at specific points of the part or the system

• Forging process simulation: Forge 2 et 3.

• Structural analysis: Catia, Ansys, Abaqus.

• ...

Specific tools for behaviour

simulation vs product creation

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EIME (CODDE)

« To propose indicators for sustainable impact assesment »

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Software for behaviours

assesment

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Assemblay/Disassembly [Rejneri 00]

« Assesment of the assembly plan of the system.

Assess the best solutions among alternatives »

Software for behaviours

assesment

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« To propose the best method, model and tool with

respect to the case study. This application is based

on a Case Based Reasoning approach »

Structural analysis [Troussier 99]

Exemples

Software for behaviours

assesment

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« To propose models and tools for global

evaluation of bill forging availability (forging plan,

pre-form design, cost estimation). » [Tichkiewitch,

Marin, Berlioz INPG/L3S]

Software for behaviours

assesment

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« To develop specific sub-routine in comercial

FEA solver (eg. Damage criteria) [Saanouni

UTT/LASMIS]

Forging simulation

Software for behaviours

assesment

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« To support CAPP definition based on process plan

selection and specific criteria (loading, stabiltity…) » [Paris UJF/L3S]

Software for behaviours

assesment

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Residual stresses analysis and life time assesment

[Lu, Rouhaud UTT/LASMIS]

« Identify the life time card at each point of the

part according to residual stress assesment ».

Software for behaviours

assesment

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Remark : Model and software have to be adapted to

each phase of the design process.

Mod.

Fonc.

Struct.

Mod.

Fonct.

Mod.

Struct.Mod.

géom. Mod.

Int. K

Information modelling

Des

ign

pro

ce

ss

ph

as

e

Mod.

FAO

EF

...

Synthesis: Modelling and design

process

REQUIREMENTS DEFINITION

CONCEPTUAL DESIGN

EMBODIMENT DESIGN

DETAILED DESIGN

Remark : Comercial and

academic approaches

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Limits of the digital design chain

Overview of « virtual »

engineering comercial software

and main functionalities

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Overview of commercial software

and main functions: product information

CAD-CAM: product

breakdown (part or

assembly) and

construction history

management

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Overview of commercial software

and main functions: product information

CAD-CAM :

relations and

expert rules

integration

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Overview of commercial software

and main functions: product information

CAD-CAM : management

of large assemblies with

huge part diversity

(heterogeneous software)

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Overview of commercial software

and main functions: product information

CAD-CAM : integration of expert

modules

FEA,

CAM,

Ergonomic senses, etc.

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and main functions: product information

CAD-CAM : digital mockup, augmented reality, animation

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Overview of commercial software

and main functions: product information

Independant expert software: FEA, kinematics and dynamic

analysis, tolerancing, CAM, etc.

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Overview of commercial software and

main functions: design process information

Project planning management: Ms/Project, PSN, Planner

Tasks planning

Milestones definition

Ressources management

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Overview of commercial software and

main functions: product and design process

information

PLM system: product

breakdown and list of

articles (objects)

Management of objects‟

related documents

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main functions: product and design process

information

PLM Systems: documents management CAD, MS Office…

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main functions: product and design process

information

PLM Systems:

management of product

configurations

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main functions: product and design process

information

PLM Systems: workflow for

documents‟ lifecycle management

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main functions: product and design process

information

PLM system: digital mock-up “light” visualisation

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main functions: organisation and design process

information

PLM System: task notfication with related documents via e-mail

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main functions: organisation and design process

information

PLM System: team resources

management (access rights,

roles…)

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Overview of commercial software and

main functions: collaboration

CSCW software : Lotusnotes, Sametime, Exchange, Quickplace,

Mayeticvillage

Email, video-conferencing

Document sharing

Workflow

Application sharing

Collaborative portals

Communication

Coordination Collaboration

Vidéo

Conferencing

E-mail

BD

« spéciale »

Workflow

Bulletins

Web

Editeurs

coopératifs

Gestion

de réunions Aide à la

décision

[Godart, 2000]

Workflows

management

Communication

tools

Collaborative

spaces

CSCW

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Synthesis …current limits

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Synthesis: (models – software)

vs. methodological concepts

Function modelling are not so far linked to structural parameters

How to drive performance and re-design

Structural breakdown gives the final state of the product

What about who and when ?

CAD (i.e. form) modelling only treats nominal topology information and is used as the starting point of product assessment

What about design rationale and product lifecycle?

Behaviours assessments are not linked among each others and not always linked to the geometry

What about integrated design (rationale) and innovation (least commitments)?

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Design is a multi-actors activities

centred on:

CAD modelling

PLM systems

There is a huge lack of experts

(actors) information synthesis:

This information are mainly used

in a reactive and analysis way

CAD model is not representative

of experts' design intents

Every product analysis are not

linked (model and software

interoperability)

Synthesis: models vs.

methodological concepts

91