Diseases and Disease Related Organisms Diane Young, Instructor
From The Human Body in Health and Disease Text Slide 2 Disease What
is it? Abnormal state in which part or all of the body is not
properly adjusted or is not capable of carrying on all of its
required functions. Slide 3 Causes of Disease Direct Causes:
Disease-producing organisms Malnutrition Physical agents Chemicals
Birth defects Degenerative processes Neoplasms Slide 4 Causes Contd
Predisposing Causes Age Sex Heredity Living conditions and habits
Occupations Physical exposure Preexisting illness Psychogenic
influences Slide 5 Study of Disease Pathophysiology- the study of
the physiologic basis of disease Includes studying both the
pathologic and physiological aspects and the need to understand the
fundamentals of each in treating any body disorder. Slide 6
Terminology Etiology the study of the cause or origin of a disease
Slide 7 Terminology Contd Diseases are on the basis of severity and
duration: Acute relatively severe but usually last a sort time
Chronic often less severe but likely to be continuous or recurring
for long periods of time. Subacute intermediate between acute and
chronic, not as severe as acute nor as long lasting as chronic
disorders. Slide 8 Terminology Contd Idiopathic means
self-originating or without known cause Communicable one that can
be transmitted from one person to another Epidemic- Occurrence of a
disease among many people in a given region at the same time
Endemic a disease that is found to a lesser extent but continuously
in a particular region. Slide 9 Terminology Contd Diagnosis
Identification of an illness Symptoms evidence of disease as noted
by the patient Signs objective manifestations the doctor or other
health care professionals can observe. Syndrome a characteristic
group of symptoms and signs accompanying a given disease Prognosis
a prediction of the probable outcome of a disease based on the
condition of the patient and the physicians knowledge about the
disease. Slide 10 Terminology Contd Therapy course of treatment for
a particular disease Prevention methods used to stop a disease from
occuring Slide 11 Modes of Infection Microorganisms microscopic
organism Microbe & germ other terms for microorganism Parasite
any organism that lives on or within another (host). Parasitology
study of parasites Pathogen any disease causing organism Infection
adverse effects caused by invading pathogens Local infection
restricted to a relatively small area Systemic infection affects
the whole body Slide 12 Modes of Transmission Other humans Direct
contact Indirect contact Insects Deposit infectious material on
food, skin or clothing bites Animals Feces Bites Deposit infectious
material on food, skin or clothing Slide 13 Microbiology The study
of microorganisms Specializations Bacteriology Mycology Virology
Protozoology Slide 14 Bacteria Rod-shaped cells (bacilli) -
Tetanus, diphtheria, tuberculosis, typhoid fever Spherical cells
(cocci) strep, staph, diplococci (gonorrhea, meningitis) Curved
rods (vibrio, spirillum, spirochetes) syphilis (spirochete).
Rickettsias and chlamydias typhus and Rocky Mountain spotted fever
Slide 15 Fungi A large group of simple plantlike organisms Yeasts
single-celled form of fungi Molds-fuzzy, filamentous form of fungi
Examples are: mushrooms, puffballs, bread molds, and the yeasts
used in baking and brewing. Slide 16 Fungi contd Disease mycotic
(fungal) Athletes foot, ringworm Candida thrush, vaginitis
Pnuemonia can be caused by inhalation of fungal spores contained in
dust particles Slide 17 Viruses Small microorganism that can
reproduce only within a living cell No universal classification for
viruses Examples: Measles, polio-myelitis, hepatitis, chickenpox,
common cold, AIDS. THESE DO NOT RESPOND TO ANTIBIOTICS Slide 18
Protozoa Animal-like organisms Amebas Ciliates Flagellates Sporozoa
Slide 19 Parasitic Worms Roundworms Intestinal roundworms Pinworms
Hookworms Others Trichina found in pork causes trichinosis
Filariasis transmitted by insect bites found in tropical and
subtropical lands Slide 20 Parasitic Worms Contd Flatworms Spread
by infected, improperly cooked meats (beef, pork, fish) Can invade
the blood, lungs, liver and intestine Slide 21 Microbial Control
Sewage and garbage disposal Purification of water supply Prevention
of food contamination Milk pasteurization Aseptic Methods
Sterilization Disinfection (bactericide and germicide) Antisepsis
Slide 22 Drugs Chemotherapy treatment of disease by the
administration of a chemical agent Antibiotics chemical substance
produced by living cells Can kill or arrest the growth of
pathogenic microorganisms by upsetting vital chemical processes
within them. Resistant strains of pathogens certain strep, staph
and bacilli
