Disease/Disorders of the Heart

Arrhythmia/dysrrhythmia

Bradycardia Tachycardia

Any change from normal heart rate or rhythm

Slow heart rate (<60 )

Rapid heart rate(>100 )

Coronary Artery Disease• Angina Pectoris:

Chest pain, caused by lack of oxygen to heart muscle, treat with nitroglycerin to dilate coronary arteries.

• Edema fluid in tissues, often caused by poor circulation

                   

        

Myocardial Infarction• MI or Heart Attack• Lack of blood supply to the

myocardium causes damage.• Due to blockage of coronary artery

or blood clot• Amount of damage depends on

size of area deprived of oxygen

Myocardial Infarction cont.• Symptoms: severe chest

pain radiating to left arm, shoulder, arm, neck, and jaw, also nausea, diaphoresis, dyspnea

• Immediate medical care is critical

• RX bedrest, oxygen, medication

• Morphine for pain tPA to dissolve the clot

• Anticoagulant therapy to prevent further clots

• Angioplasty and by-pass surgery may be necessary

Vascular Diseases• Aneurysm• Arteriosclerosis• Atherosclerosis• Hypertension• Hypotension• Embolism• Varicose veins

Disorders of the Blood Vessels• Aneurysm:

ballooning of an artery, thinning and weakening

• Arteriosclerosis: arterial walls thicken, lose elasticity

• Atherosclerosis: fatty deposits form on walls of arteries

http://www.webmd.com/video/abdominal-aortic-aneurysms-stent-graft-trial

Aneurysm

Hypertension• High blood pressure• Silent Killer usually no

symptoms• Leads to strokes, heart

attacks, kidney failure• Higher in African

Americans and post-menopausal women

• Risk factors=smoking , overweight, stress, high fat diets, family history

• Treatment relaxation, low fat diet exercise weight loss, medication

Hypotension

• Low blood pressure systolic <100

• Varicose veins swollen, distended veins heredity or due to posture, prolonged periods of standing, physical exertion, age and pregnancy

• Embolism is a traveling blood clot

Diagnosis and Treatment• Electrocardiogram• Coronary Bypass• AED• Defibrillation• CPR• Artificial Pacemaker• Angiogram

Electrocardiogram• Electrical Tracing

of the heart

Heart Surgery

• Coronary By-pass usually a healthy vein from the leg removed and attached before and after the coronary obstruction creating an alternate route for blood supply to the myocardium.

AED• Automated External

Defibrillator• Defibrillation –

electrical shock to bring the heart back to a normal rhythm.

• CPR- cardiopulmonary resuscitation, used in presence of cardiac arrest.

• Artificial Pacemaker: when the heart has conduction (electrical impulse) defect

• demand pacemaker-fires only when heart rate drops below programmed minimum

• Causes heart to contract

Angiogram• X-ray of a blood

vessel using dye.

Website Surgery Game• http://www.abc.net.au/science/

lcs/heart.htm• http://

video.nationalgeographic.com/video/player/science/health-human-body-sci/

The End