Disease TestDisease Test

Vocabulary TermsVocabulary Terms

Essay/Short AnswerEssay/Short Answer

Question ReviewQuestion Review

Challenge QuestionsChallenge Questions

VocabularyVocabulary

InfectiousInfectious NoninfectiousNoninfectious BacteriaBacteria VirusVirus AntibioticAntibiotic AntigenAntigen AntibodyAntibody Vaccine/vaccinationVaccine/vaccination PathogensPathogens ImmunityImmunity ToxinToxin HIV/AIDSHIV/AIDS

Immune ResponseImmune Response

MRSAMRSA

CancerCancer

TumorTumor

CarcinogenCarcinogen

AllergyAllergy

AllergenAllergen

HistamineHistamine

AsthmaAsthma

DiabetesDiabetes

InsulinInsulin

What are the 4 types of pathogens?What are the 4 types of pathogens? Which type of pathogen causes the Which type of pathogen causes the

following illness/disease: colds, flu, Lyme following illness/disease: colds, flu, Lyme disease, athlete's foot, strep throat, disease, athlete's foot, strep throat, malaria? malaria?

PathogensPathogens

Students will also have 3 essay/short answer questions on the test. The questions are:

1. Explain why a person usually will not get a disease after receiving a vaccination against that disease. (p. 155)2. Explain why people who have AIDS often get diseases that rarely affect other people. (p. 150)3. Define asthma and describe two symptoms of the disease. (p. 161)

Explain why a person usually will not Explain why a person usually will not get a disease after receiving a get a disease after receiving a vaccination against that disease. (p. vaccination against that disease. (p. 155)155)

Immunity is the body’s ability to destroy Immunity is the body’s ability to destroy pathogens before they can cause disease.pathogens before they can cause disease.

Vaccines contain weakened or killed Vaccines contain weakened or killed pathogens. Vaccines work because they cause pathogens. Vaccines work because they cause the body to produce antibodies that act against the body to produce antibodies that act against the pathogen. If the pathogen enters the body the pathogen. If the pathogen enters the body later, special cells recognize the pathogen and later, special cells recognize the pathogen and kill it before it can cause sickness.kill it before it can cause sickness.

AIDS: Acquired Immune AIDS: Acquired Immune Deficiency SyndromeDeficiency Syndrome

Explain why people who have AIDS often get diseases Explain why people who have AIDS often get diseases that rarely affect other people. (p. 150)that rarely affect other people. (p. 150)

The HIV virus that causes AIDS attacks the immune The HIV virus that causes AIDS attacks the immune system and reduces the body’s ability to fight infections system and reduces the body’s ability to fight infections by damaging white blood cells.by damaging white blood cells.

People who have AIDS have a weakened immune People who have AIDS have a weakened immune system that cannot protect them from diseases that system that cannot protect them from diseases that rarely affect others, so they can get very sick or die rarely affect others, so they can get very sick or die from diseases not normally found in people with from diseases not normally found in people with healthy immune systems.healthy immune systems.

Asthma: Asthma: Define asthma and Define asthma and describe two symptoms of the disease. describe two symptoms of the disease. (p. 161)(p. 161)

AsthmaAsthma is a disorder in which the is a disorder in which the respiratory passages narrow significantly.respiratory passages narrow significantly.

The narrowing causes symptoms such as The narrowing causes symptoms such as wheezing and shortness of breath.wheezing and shortness of breath.

People with allergies often develop People with allergies often develop asthma. However, asthma attacks may asthma. However, asthma attacks may be brought on by other factors such as be brought on by other factors such as stress and exercise.stress and exercise.

Additional Challenge Additional Challenge QuestionsQuestions

Explain why MRSA as an infectious Explain why MRSA as an infectious disease is more serious than a normal disease is more serious than a normal infection disease pathogen like infection disease pathogen like streptococcus. streptococcus.

Explain how the following parts of the Explain how the following parts of the body’s immune system are involved in body’s immune system are involved in the body’s immune response: the body’s immune response: lymphocytes, t-cells, antigens, b-cells, lymphocytes, t-cells, antigens, b-cells, antibodies. (p. 148-149)antibodies. (p. 148-149)

The body's first line of defense to keep pathogens The body's first line of defense to keep pathogens out of the body includes barriers such as the skin, out of the body includes barriers such as the skin, breathing passages, the mouth, and the stomach.breathing passages, the mouth, and the stomach.

If pathogens get past these barriers into the body If pathogens get past these barriers into the body and begin to damage cells, this triggers the and begin to damage cells, this triggers the second line of defense, the inflammatory second line of defense, the inflammatory response, in which fluid and white blood cells response, in which fluid and white blood cells leak from blood vessels into nearby tissues to leak from blood vessels into nearby tissues to fight the pathogens. fight the pathogens.

Inflammation, or swelling, and fever actually help Inflammation, or swelling, and fever actually help your body fight the infection.your body fight the infection.

Explain how the following parts of the body’s Explain how the following parts of the body’s immune system are involved in the body’s immune immune system are involved in the body’s immune response: lymphocytes, t-cells, antigens, b-cells, response: lymphocytes, t-cells, antigens, b-cells, antibodies. (p. 148-149)antibodies. (p. 148-149)

If a pathogen infection is severe enough to cause a fever, If a pathogen infection is severe enough to cause a fever, it triggers the body's third line of defense—the immune it triggers the body's third line of defense—the immune response.response.

LymphocyteLymphocytes are white blood cells that can distinguish s are white blood cells that can distinguish between different kinds of pathogens and create between different kinds of pathogens and create antibodies that can destroy the pathogen.antibodies that can destroy the pathogen.

T-cellsT-cells are lymphocytes that recognize marker molecules, are lymphocytes that recognize marker molecules, called called antigensantigens, on different types of pathogens., on different types of pathogens.

B-cellsB-cells are lymphocytes that produce proteins, called are lymphocytes that produce proteins, called antibodiesantibodies, that help destroy pathogens. When , that help destroy pathogens. When antibodies bind to the antigens on a pathogen, they mark antibodies bind to the antigens on a pathogen, they mark the pathogen for destruction.the pathogen for destruction.

Immune ResponseImmune Response

MRSA stands for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus MRSA stands for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. aureus. MRSA is a “staph” germ MRSA is a “staph” germ that does not get better that does not get better with the first-line antibiotics that usually cure staph with the first-line antibiotics that usually cure staph infections. When this occurs, infections. When this occurs, the germ is “resistant” to the the germ is “resistant” to the antibioticantibiotic..

MRSA is the result of decades of often unnecessary antibiotic MRSA is the result of decades of often unnecessary antibiotic use. For years, antibiotics have been prescribed for colds, flu use. For years, antibiotics have been prescribed for colds, flu and other viral infections that don't respond to these drugs. and other viral infections that don't respond to these drugs. Even when antibiotics are used appropriately, they Even when antibiotics are used appropriately, they contribute to the rise of drug-resistant bacteria because they contribute to the rise of drug-resistant bacteria because they don't destroy every germ they target. Germs that survive don't destroy every germ they target. Germs that survive treatment with one antibiotic soon “learn” to resist others.treatment with one antibiotic soon “learn” to resist others.

MRSA infections can resist the effects of many common MRSA infections can resist the effects of many common antibiotics, so they are more difficult to treat. This can allow antibiotics, so they are more difficult to treat. This can allow the infections to spread and sometimes become life-the infections to spread and sometimes become life-threateningthreatening..

MRSA: MRSA: Explain why MRSA as an infectious disease is Explain why MRSA as an infectious disease is

more serious than a normal infection disease pathogen like more serious than a normal infection disease pathogen like streptococcus. streptococcus.

MRSA is treatable. By definition, MRSA is resistant MRSA is treatable. By definition, MRSA is resistant to some antibiotics. But other kinds of antibiotics to some antibiotics. But other kinds of antibiotics still work.still work.

Some of these antibiotics are only available Some of these antibiotics are only available intravenously. Unfortunately, there is emerging intravenously. Unfortunately, there is emerging antibiotic resistance being seen with some of these antibiotic resistance being seen with some of these medications.medications.

If you are prescribed antibiotics, follow your health If you are prescribed antibiotics, follow your health care provider's instructions precisely. Never stop care provider's instructions precisely. Never stop taking your medicine, even if you're feeling better. If taking your medicine, even if you're feeling better. If you don't take all of your medicine, some of the you don't take all of your medicine, some of the staph bacteria may survive. These survivors then staph bacteria may survive. These survivors then have the potential to become resistant to the have the potential to become resistant to the antibiotic. They also could re-infect you or infect antibiotic. They also could re-infect you or infect someone else.someone else.

MRSA TreatmentMRSA Treatment