DISEASEAn abnormal or

malfunctioning condition in the body.

When the body is unable to cope with, adapt to, or fight off injury, infection,

stress, or any other environmental situation.

INFECTIOUS DISEASES

•Also called COMMUNICABLE diseases

•Caused by PATHOGENS•Can be passed from person to person

•Name some examples….

TYPES OF PATHOGENSBacteria

•Bacteria is a one celled organism

•Bacterial infections can be treated with ANTIBIOTICS

•Some bacteria is needed and good for our body to function normally

Bacteria good for you???• Probiotics• Over 400 species

found in the walls of the stomach and intestines

• Some bacteria that are found in yogurt that are beneficial to our bodies…

• 2 points extra credit…find me the name of two bacteria in yogurt

• In the intestine there are 10 to the power 14 bacteria (that's 1000,000,000,000,000 bacteria - a million billion bacteria).

• The gut does not replace these bacteria and can easily be flushed out of the digestive tract.

VIRUSES•Smallest of all the pathogens•Needs a living host•The virus’s genetic material

directs the cell to produce more of the virus…multiplies.

•Examples of Viruses..

•Colds, flu, measles, ebola, herpes, hepatitis, HPV, rabies, HIV

Flu Attack: How a Virus Invades Your Body

FUNGUS• Plant-like organism that feeds off a

host.• The reproductive cell, or spore, of a

fungus can be spread by direct contact, air, and water.

• Examples are…• Athlete's foot, jock itch, ringworm,

nail fungus..

Keep Your Feet Amazing!!

PROTISTS•One celled

organisms•Common in

tropical countries•Panama Canal and

Malaria–French 1st

–United States 2nd

–DDT

PARASITES• Organisms that live by feeding on or

in another animal• Pinworm: Enter your body when eggs

are swallowed. • Hookworm: You can get hookworms

by walking barefoot over contaminated (fecal) soil.

• Body/Head/Pubic Lice• Food borne diseases• Scabies (Mite Infestation)

Between 1900- 1920Tape Worms wereall the rage!They were packagedand then ingested fora quick diet fix.YIKES!!!!

Monsters inside me: Flesh Eating Hook Worms

Monsters Inside Me: Bot Fly Invasion

NON-INFECTIOUS DISEASES

•Also called Non-Communicable Diseases

•Caused by genetics, diet, lifestyle, or by chance.

•Name some examples of …NON-INFECTIOUS DISEASES

How to spread Infectious Diseases?

• Through the AIR• Foods that are

contaminated• Direct contact• Blood to Blood• Animal Bites –

vector-carrier• Indirect contact

(needles)

How does the body fight infectious diseases?

Structural Defenses: The body’s first form of

defense.Examples:

Skin, cilia, mucous membranes, and tonsils.

Cellular Defenses: Designed to attack

foreign invadersExamples:

White blood cells (phagocytes)

fever/inflammations

Immune System: Takes over when the WBC’s

and fever are overwhelmed.

The lymph nodes produce 2 types of cells

T-cells and B-cells

T-Cells: 3 TYPES• Helper T-cells

– Start immune response, triggered by phagocytes.

• Killer T-cells: – Divide and destroy invaders

• Suppressors: – Turn off the immune system

Helper T-cells Killer T-cells Suppressor Cells

B-CELLS• Produce antibodies which stick to a

pathogen and make it difficult to attack a body cell

•ANTIBODY: Proteins in the blood that produce reactions against pathogens

• VACCINATIONSVACCINATIONS• Small doses of

the disease to force the body to produce antibodies.

• ANTIBIOTICSANTIBIOTICS• Medicines that

are used to fight disease causing bacteria

Hepatitis Causes serious liver damage

• Type AType A: Caused from food contaminated by fecal material (usually cleared up in 4-8 weeks)

• Type B:Type B: Spread by blood, semen, saliva, body fluids. No cure.

• Type C:Type C: Spread through blood exchange. No cure

HIV and AIDS• HIV: Human Immunodeficiency Virus

• AIDS: Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome

WHAT IS IT?A complex syndrome in which HIV invades

the T-cells, takes over the nucleus, then divides. It divides into 2 more HIV and 1 less T-cell. Without the T-cells the body can’t fight infections.

What body fluids?

•Semen•Vaginal Secretions

•Blood•Breast Milk

How is HIV spread?•Unprotected sex with an

infected person– Vaginal, Oral, Anal

•Mother to child•Needles (IV intravenously)•Blood to Blood•Needles (IM intramuscular)

CARRIER

A person who tests positive for HIV but shows no signs or symptoms of the disease

INCUBATION

The period of time between exposure to a disease and the onset of symptoms

Opportunistic diseasesPneumocystic Carini Pneumonia

(PCP)Karposes SarcomaTuberculosis

Sexually Transmitted Diseases• Your task is to investigate a STD

• All of the information you find you will transfer to a poster/pamphlet and present to the class as experts on your topic

• Information must include:– What is it? What is it caused by?– What are symptoms for Men and Women?– How is it spread?– How is it diagnosed?– Treatments? Cures?– Places to get help? Three other facts?

Non-Infectious Diseases

• Non-infectious diseases can come from…

• HEREDITYHEREDITY: Caused by a defective gene passed from one or both parents to child.

Common Hereditary Diseases

A. Sickle Cell Anemia: Deformed RBC’s

B. Cystic Fibrosis: A very thick mucus builds up in the lungs and digestive tract

C. Hemophilia: Blood does not clot well (males)

D.Diabetes: Insulin is either lacking or not being used properly

A. Type I (Juvenile/ Childhood)B. Type II (Adult/Late Onset)

TYPE II Diabetes(Late Onset)

• The body produces insulin but the body does not use it properly

• Causes:– Poor Diet– Lack of exercise– Obesity

• Treatments:– Proper healthy diet– Exercise– Weight loss

TYPE I Diabetes(Juvenile)

• Caused by an attack on the pancreas

• (Isles of Langerhans)• Little to no insulin is

made by this organ. • What happens when

there is no insulin?

• AboutKidsHealth: Diabetes: An Overview of Insulin

Congenital DiseasesPresent from birth,

but is NOT inherited!!!

A. Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS)B. Cerebral Palsy: Brain damage that

causes paralysis; can’t control musclesC. Epilepsy: Electrical activity in the brain

becomes abnormal for short periods of time.

Auto immune Diseases

•A persons own immune system attacks itself; damaging organs

•Examples:

–Type I Diabetes–Multiple Sclerosis–Rheumatoid Arthritis

Degenerative Diseases• A disease that results from gradual

damage over time

• Cardiovascular Disease: Progressive damage to the heart and blood vessels

• Atherosclerosis

• Hypertension

• Heart Attack

• Stroke

Images of Atherosclerosis

Images of a Heart Attack

STROKES

CCAANNCCEERRCells that have undergone a rapid, uncontrolled growth. These cells invade and destroy other tissue.

Two Types of Tumors

BenignBenign Usually harmless. Does not

metastasize.

MalignantMalignantUncontrolled growthMay metastasize.

MetastasizeMetastasize: Spread through the body as in

Cancer Cells

CChange in bowel or bladder habits

AA sore that doesn’t heal

UUnusual bleeding or discharge

TThickening or lump in the breast or elsewhere

IIndigestion or difficulty swallowing

OObvious change in a wart or mole

NNagging cough or hoarseness

Ways to treat CANCER•Surgery: Removal of the cancerous

tissue

•Radiation Therapy: Exposing the cancerous tissue to X-rays

•Chemotherapy: Powerful drugs used to destroy cells or slow growth. Also used when the cells have metastasized.

BIOPSYA tiny tissue sample is taken from the growth and examined under a microscope to detect cancerous cells

CarcinogensCancer Causing Agents

HOW TO PREVENT CANCER

See last page in packet!!