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Next Term’s ProjectENAE 483/788D - Principles of Space Systems Design
U N I V E R S I T Y O FMARYLAND
Discussion of Next Term• Final design project information• Discussion of final exam• Discussion of grading for group projects• Other useful information
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© 2013 David L. Akin - All rights reservedhttp://spacecraft.ssl.umd.edu
Next Term’s ProjectENAE 483/788D - Principles of Space Systems Design
U N I V E R S I T Y O FMARYLAND
Notes
• Due date for project 5 postponed to time of final exam Monday 12/16
• Slides for Tuesday’s class (Sensors and Actuators) posted to Piazza site
• Reminders:– Final exam limited single 8.5”x11” sheet of notes– Bring a calculator– Given honest attempt, final will only be counted if it
improves overall grade
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Next Term’s ProjectENAE 483/788D - Principles of Space Systems Design
U N I V E R S I T Y O FMARYLAND
ENAE 483/788D Final Exam Questions• Orbital mechanics• Rocket performance• Reliability• Life support• Power systems• Structural design• Thermal analysis• Cost analysis• Propulsion systems• Systems engineering
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Next Term’s ProjectENAE 483/788D - Principles of Space Systems Design
U N I V E R S I T Y O FMARYLAND
Grading Rubrik for Group Projects
• 10 - essentially perfect• 9 - excellent• 8 - very good• 7 - good• 6 - okay• 5 - minor deficiencies• 4 - significant deficiencies• 3 or below - major deficiencies
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Next Term’s ProjectENAE 483/788D - Principles of Space Systems Design
U N I V E R S I T Y O FMARYLAND
Fall Term Project Organization
5
B11
B10
B9
B8
B7
B6
B5
B4
B3
B2
B1
A11
A10
A9
A8
A7
A6
A5
A4
A3
A2
A1
C11
C10
C9
C8
C7
C6
C5
C4
C3
C2
C1
D11
D10
D9
D8
D7
D6
D5
D4
D3
D2
D1
E11
E10
E9
E8
E7
E6
E5
E4
E3
E2
E1
Systems Engineering
Crew Systems Power, Propulsion, and Thermal
Loads, Structures, and Mechanisms
Avionics and Software
Next Term’s ProjectENAE 483/788D - Principles of Space Systems Design
U N I V E R S I T Y O FMARYLAND
Grades
• Scores for each project will be mailed to each team member
• Project scores consist of 0-10 assessment in each of ~10 categories plus comments
• Your course grade is made up primarily of your grades from each project, plus the problem set and final (if helpful)
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Next Term’s ProjectENAE 483/788D - Principles of Space Systems Design
U N I V E R S I T Y O FMARYLAND
Sample of Project Grading Feedback
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Systems'Architecture 10 7 Considered,'but'minimally'presentedLevel'1'Requirements 10 8
Requirements'Flowdown 10 8
Didn't'even'include'placeholders'for'other'requirements'(e.g.,'avionics,'comm);'some'strange'choices'on'where'to'put'requirements'(e.g.,'volume'"suitable'for'human'habitation"'as'an'LSM'requirements)
Work'Breakdown'Structure 10 8 Like'that'you'make'mockup'operations'into'a'dedicated'specialty
Concept'detail'and'feasibility 10 9Excellent'concept'overall;'could'have'had'more'detail'in'interior'and'systems
CAD'quality 10 9
Good'work'on'overall'images,'use'of'human'images,'provision'of'airlock'and'docking'ports,'dimensioned'drawing!;'minimal'interior'details,'no'threeSviews
Functional'breakdown/trades 10 9 Good'research'for'SOA'from'prior'systems
Draft'concept'of'operations 10 6 Only'implicit'in'LIRP'discussions
Slide'package'quality 10 7Text'generally'acceptable'but'smaller'than'necessary;'text'too'small'in'tables
Evidence'of'critical'thought 10 9 good'detail'(e.g.,'airlock'sizing)
Bonus'for'extra'effort 4 really'liked'the'CADOther'positive'comments 2 program'deliverables'chartOther'negative'comments S1 didn't'have'citation'for'image'used'on'page'30 average high lowOverall'score 100 85 64.8 85 51
Next Term’s ProjectENAE 483/788D - Principles of Space Systems Design
U N I V E R S I T Y O FMARYLAND
A (Revised) Vision for ENAE484• Design a cislunar space habitat capable of
providing data on long-term spaceflight prior to human Mars missions– Radiation– Effects of hypogravity
• Phased approach to utilization– Phase 1: early microgravity– Phase 2: artificial gravity– Phase 3: full lunar/Mars mission simulations
• Each phase should take no more than one additional heavy-lift launch
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Next Term’s ProjectENAE 483/788D - Principles of Space Systems Design
U N I V E R S I T Y O FMARYLAND
Concept of Station Operations• Minimum functional habitat inserted into lunar distant
retrograde orbit to support Asteroid Redirect Mission• Decision on moving to alternative point in cislunar
space for long-term biological studies (EM L2? leave in DRO?)
• Addition of elements to allow rotational partial gravity • 6 month studies of physiological effects of lunar,
Mars, other gravity levels• Addition of elements to allow extended autonomy for
Mars mission simulation• Performance of full Mars mission (with/without
partial gravity en route?)
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Next Term’s ProjectENAE 483/788D - Principles of Space Systems Design
U N I V E R S I T Y O FMARYLAND
Level 1 Rqmts: Cislunar Habitation• The system shall be capable of operation at any
Earth-Moon libration point, low lunar orbit, or a distant retrograde orbit
• The system shall support crew for nominal 30 day missions
• The system shall be compatible with Orion and commercial crew vehicles
• The system shall be designed for resupply to support multiple missions
• Phase 1 habitat shall be capable of supporting Asteroid Redirect Mission in lunar DRO
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Next Term’s ProjectENAE 483/788D - Principles of Space Systems Design
U N I V E R S I T Y O FMARYLAND
L1 Rqmts: Partial Gravity Simulation
• The system shall be upgraded to be rotated to provide artificial gravity up to one Earth g
• The system shall be upgraded to the extent possible using surplus hardware (e.g., spent upper stages, empty logistics modules) and additional hardware requiring no more than one dedicated HLLV launch
• The system shall support up to six-person crews for periods up to six months without resupply
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Next Term’s ProjectENAE 483/788D - Principles of Space Systems Design
U N I V E R S I T Y O FMARYLAND
L1 Rqmts: Mars Mission Simulation• The system shall be capable of simulating a
complete conjunction-type Mars mission (~1000 days) without nominal resupply
• The system shall be capable of differing gravitation levels throughout the simulated mission
• The system shall provide some means of simulated EVA at Mars gravity during the appropriate parts of the simulation
• The system shall be upgraded with additional hardware requiring no more than one dedicated HLLV launch
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Next Term’s ProjectENAE 483/788D - Principles of Space Systems Design
U N I V E R S I T Y O FMARYLAND
Top-Level WBS for ENAE 484
• Develop a detailed systems design for an evolutionary cislunar habitat program– Microgravity habitat– Variable gravity habitat– Full Mars mission simulation capability
• Perform experimental verification of habitat design– 1g simulations– Underwater simulations of 0g, lunar, and Mars
conditions
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Next Term’s ProjectENAE 483/788D - Principles of Space Systems Design
U N I V E R S I T Y O FMARYLAND
Data from Preference Survey
• Strongly focused on experimentation - 12• Mostly focused on experimentation - 19• Equal experiment and analysis - 3• Mostly focused on analysis - 7• Strongly focused on analysis - 1
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Next Term’s ProjectENAE 483/788D - Principles of Space Systems Design
U N I V E R S I T Y O FMARYLAND
Expectations for ENAE484
• Single, coherent, integrated project with both analytical and experimental content
• Analytical development of systems design is critical for course pedagogy, context for experimentation
• Every student is expected to make technical contributions to the project
• Grades will also reflect efforts on supporting organization and logistics of project
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Next Term’s ProjectENAE 483/788D - Principles of Space Systems Design
U N I V E R S I T Y O FMARYLAND
Pedagogical Implications of 483/484• Senior capstone design sequence
– Apply principles of systems engineering to large real-world application
– Perform full end-to-end mission architecture and vehicle design analyses
– Utilize tools gained from four years of Aerospace Engineering education
• Use mission design aspects as context for experimental testing
• Take advantage of unique assets and expertise at the University of Maryland
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Next Term’s ProjectENAE 483/788D - Principles of Space Systems Design
U N I V E R S I T Y O FMARYLAND
Clarke Station (ENAE 484 Spring 2001)
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Next Term’s ProjectENAE 483/788D - Principles of Space Systems Design
U N I V E R S I T Y O FMARYLAND
Phoenix Station (ENAE484 Spring 2006)
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Next Term’s ProjectENAE 483/788D - Principles of Space Systems Design
U N I V E R S I T Y O FMARYLAND
Habitat Configuration - Team B1
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Next Term’s ProjectENAE 483/788D - Principles of Space Systems Design
U N I V E R S I T Y O FMARYLAND
Habitat Configuration - Team B2
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Next Term’s ProjectENAE 483/788D - Principles of Space Systems Design
U N I V E R S I T Y O FMARYLAND
Habitat Configuration - Team B3
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Next Term’s ProjectENAE 483/788D - Principles of Space Systems Design
U N I V E R S I T Y O FMARYLAND
Habitat Configuration - Team B4
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Next Term’s ProjectENAE 483/788D - Principles of Space Systems Design
U N I V E R S I T Y O FMARYLAND
Habitat Configuration - Team B5
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Next Term’s ProjectENAE 483/788D - Principles of Space Systems Design
U N I V E R S I T Y O FMARYLAND
Habitat Configuration - Team B6
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Next Term’s ProjectENAE 483/788D - Principles of Space Systems Design
U N I V E R S I T Y O FMARYLAND
Habitat Configuration - Team B7
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Next Term’s ProjectENAE 483/788D - Principles of Space Systems Design
U N I V E R S I T Y O FMARYLAND
Habitat Configuration - Team B8
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Next Term’s ProjectENAE 483/788D - Principles of Space Systems Design
U N I V E R S I T Y O FMARYLAND
Habitat Configuration - Team B9
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Next Term’s ProjectENAE 483/788D - Principles of Space Systems Design
U N I V E R S I T Y O FMARYLAND
Habitat Configuration - Team B10
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Next Term’s ProjectENAE 483/788D - Principles of Space Systems Design
U N I V E R S I T Y O FMARYLAND
Habitat Configuration - Team B11
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Next Term’s ProjectENAE 483/788D - Principles of Space Systems Design
U N I V E R S I T Y O FMARYLAND
Project Design Challenges
• Establishment of canonical habitat design• Definition of science requirements for long-term
study of variable gravity habitation• Establishment of reference program conops
(locations for station, transport requirements, timelines for development and testing phases)
• Development of system architecture (launch vehicle interfaces; transportation to cislunar space; accommodation of transport and logistics systems)
• Definition of component systems (e.g., power, propulsion, thermal control, avionics, life support)
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Next Term’s ProjectENAE 483/788D - Principles of Space Systems Design
U N I V E R S I T Y O FMARYLAND
Project Design Challenges
• Detailed design and analysis of structural components
• Definition of logistics requirements and servicing system
• Design of habitat layout and accommodation of both microgravity and planetary gravity levels
• Identifying technology readiness levels and systems with particular development needs
• Program scheduling and cost estimation
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Next Term’s ProjectENAE 483/788D - Principles of Space Systems Design
U N I V E R S I T Y O FMARYLAND
Habitat Design and Selection Concept• Start with best designs from Fall mini-teams• Develop CAD models of appropriate complexity• Perform virtual reality “walk-throughs” using SSL
Oculus Rift system• Downselect to 2-3 canonical designs
– Drop clearly inferior designs based on subjective evaluations from walk-through
– Modify and create hybrid designs taking best features from several concepts
– Evaluate using questionnaires and relative rankings to define designs for hardware implementation
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Next Term’s ProjectENAE 483/788D - Principles of Space Systems Design
U N I V E R S I T Y O FMARYLAND
Planning for Experimental Studies
• Identify experimental objectives for both 1g and underwater systems
• Complete designs for experimental set-ups; evaluate against program budget
• Order components and perform modifications to existing habitat systems
• Establish test protocols and matrices; identify test subjects; verify human use approvals
• Perform human testing to evaluate habitat designs• Use results to modify system design as necessary
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Next Term’s ProjectENAE 483/788D - Principles of Space Systems Design
U N I V E R S I T Y O FMARYLAND
1-G Testing: ECLIPSE Habitat
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Next Term’s ProjectENAE 483/788D - Principles of Space Systems Design
U N I V E R S I T Y O FMARYLAND
ECLIPSE Details and Capabilities
• Developed as minimum functional habitat element for lunar program under NASA ESMD funding in 2009-2010
• Two floors, 3.6 m diameter– 20 m2 floor area– 40 m3 habitable volume– Also incorporates external airlock module
• Little used for last three years; will require basic cleaning and cosmetic repair to use as-is
• Can be stripped to test new internal layouts
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Next Term’s ProjectENAE 483/788D - Principles of Space Systems Design
U N I V E R S I T Y O FMARYLAND
1-G Testing: HAVEN Module• Two story habitat module (currently
limited to one level)• Modular removable wall sections
(8x45° sectors)enable total reconfiguration of the habitat
• Multiple vertical hatch locations enables a wider variety of layouts to be implemented
• 5m outer diameter provides 20 m2 floor area and 40 m3 in current configuration; double if upper level is added
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Next Term’s ProjectENAE 483/788D - Principles of Space Systems Design
U N I V E R S I T Y O FMARYLAND
Haven Initial Outfitting
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Next Term’s ProjectENAE 483/788D - Principles of Space Systems Design
U N I V E R S I T Y O FMARYLAND
HAVEN Outfitting
• HAVEN is designed to be highly modular and easily reconfigurable– Each interchangeable wall section is separately wired
for power and lighting– Widespread use of pegboard panelling for quick
additions of surface-mount items
• Designed with dual hatches to upper level (centerline and next to the wall) for comparison
• Potential access to storage volume between floor joists
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Next Term’s ProjectENAE 483/788D - Principles of Space Systems Design
U N I V E R S I T Y O FMARYLAND
1G Simulation: Short Term
• Single-task operations, e.g.– Maintenance– Mission operations, e.g. telerobotic operations– Stowage operations– Food preparation and eating
• Accommodations for multiple crew in cooperative or independent tasks
• Video/audio monitoring and comm to simulated mission control (real-time and time delay)
• Controllable data delay in comm loop
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Next Term’s ProjectENAE 483/788D - Principles of Space Systems Design
U N I V E R S I T Y O FMARYLAND
1-G Simulation: Medium Duration
• “A day in the life...”• Select volunteers for mission segment simulations
up to a full day• May simulate portion of sleep cycles, but will not
stay overnight (code issues)• Set up “mission control” next-door in Neutral
Buoyancy Research Facility to monitor and interact• Note crew real-time comments on habitability
issues; use post-test questionnaires and TLX assessments as quantitative metrics
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Next Term’s ProjectENAE 483/788D - Principles of Space Systems Design
U N I V E R S I T Y O FMARYLAND
Expanded Options for 1-G Testing• Multi-day simulations
– Would require work to meet code (as per UMd Fire Marshall)
– Concomitant requirement for round-the-clock “mission control” for safety, monitoring, and data collection
• Interaction with robotic systems– UMd-developed manipulator systems (wall mounts
already built into HAVEN walls)– Wheeled mobility bases inside hab
• Facility upgrades– Add second floor to HAVEN– Move ECLIPSE to mate to HAVEN⇒CHELONIA
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Next Term’s ProjectENAE 483/788D - Principles of Space Systems Design
U N I V E R S I T Y O FMARYLAND
Habitability Evaluation• Goal: identify a rigorous process to define habitability • Construct parametric curves based on experimental evaluations
of low to medium fidelity mock-ups for both 1g and underwater testing
• Potential analytical tools– AHP(Analytic hierarchy process)– NASA TLX
– Cooper Harper– Fitt’s Law derived evaluations
• Extrapolate results to cover a broader spectrum of habitat configurations and dimensions
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Next Term’s ProjectENAE 483/788D - Principles of Space Systems Design
U N I V E R S I T Y O FMARYLAND
UMd Neutral Buoyancy Research Facility
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Next Term’s ProjectENAE 483/788D - Principles of Space Systems Design
U N I V E R S I T Y O FMARYLAND
Underwater Habitat Mockup
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Next Term’s ProjectENAE 483/788D - Principles of Space Systems Design
U N I V E R S I T Y O FMARYLAND
Underwater Habitat Three-View
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18 ft
14.5 ft
8 ft8 ft
13.4 ft
Next Term’s ProjectENAE 483/788D - Principles of Space Systems Design
U N I V E R S I T Y O FMARYLAND
End Dome of Underwater Hab
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Next Term’s ProjectENAE 483/788D - Principles of Space Systems Design
U N I V E R S I T Y O FMARYLAND
Underwater Habitat Mockup Details• Truss construction from 1.5in schedule 40 PVC
plumbing and commercial fixtures• One endcap with standard Common Berthing
Mechanism hatch modeled• Capable of being tested in horizontal or vertical
orientation• Use large-cell net or polyethylene panels for external
walls if desired• Can install rigid fiberglass panels for internal
structures as necessary• Capable of expansion (e.g., airlock simulator,
additional module length, interconnecting modules)
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Next Term’s ProjectENAE 483/788D - Principles of Space Systems Design
U N I V E R S I T Y O FMARYLAND
Underwater Habitat Testing• Component-level testing, e.g.
– Traverses between decks (ladders, stairs, other)– Partial gravity neutral body posture?– Reach and force envelopes?– Workstation designs
• Habitability testing, e.g.– Distributed tasks (waterproof tablets at various work
stations require test subject to maneuver around station interior)
– Standardized maintenance task with variable ballasted component elements
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Next Term’s ProjectENAE 483/788D - Principles of Space Systems Design
U N I V E R S I T Y O FMARYLAND
Underwater Habitat Applications
• Microgravity operations and layout assessment• Ballasted partial gravity operations and layout
assessment• Vertical vs. horizontal habitat comparison• Full high-resolution, high-rate motion capture• Rich infrastructure of monitoring cameras, two-
way audio communications with test subjects• Ability to perform basic microgravity/partial
gravity anthropometric testing
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Next Term’s ProjectENAE 483/788D - Principles of Space Systems Design
U N I V E R S I T Y O FMARYLAND
Extended Options for UW Testing• Interior interactions with free-fliers or
manipulators• Use of Qualisys 12-camera
motion tracking system tomonitor/quantify test subject motions
• Underwater six-axis force-torque sensor to quantify applied loads; Qualisys system to measure reach envelope
• Underwater suit (MX-3) and suit simulators for EVA operations
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Next Term’s ProjectENAE 483/788D - Principles of Space Systems Design
U N I V E R S I T Y O FMARYLAND
Spring 2014 Tentative Schedule• Jan. 28 - first day of ENAE484• mid Feb. - requirements/trade study review; verify
all long-lead items on order• early March - Preliminary Design Review• mid-March - outline of final report due• early April - review of test sites and planning for
human factors testing• late April - Critical Design Review• May 13 - final report due• June 17-19 - RASC-AL competition (Cocoa Beach)
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Next Term’s ProjectENAE 483/788D - Principles of Space Systems Design
U N I V E R S I T Y O FMARYLAND
ENAE484 Specialty Teams
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Avionics and Software:Colin AdamsonJennifer KingRubbel KumarMihir PatelMichael SchafferKristy Weber
Mission Planning and Analysis:Matthew FeeneyKurt GonterMatthew HorowitzDouglas KleinSahin KunnathPegah PashaiKyle Zittle
Power, Propulsion, and Thermal:Charl DuToitIrving GarciaChandan KitturBrooks MullerMichael ShallcrossDaniel TodaroMazi Wallace
Crew Systems:Ashok BhattaraiIrene Borillo LlorcaKevin FergusonSamuel GaraySarin KunnathOliver OrtizMark Schneider
Systems Integration:Bianna BrassardRajarshi ChattopadhyayKyle CloutierAlexander DownesDonald GregorichEdward LevineAtin MitraNitin Raghu
Loads, Stuctures, and Mechanisms:Matthew AdamsMichael KantzerBenjamin MellmanRyan MoranWilliam OuyangBrandyn PhillipsCody Toothaker