Discussion 7 - SOCIAL STRATIFICATION.pptx

7/25/2019 Discussion 7 - SOCIAL STRATIFICATION.pptx

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MODULE 5

Prepared by:

Jef Lim

SOCIALSTRATIFICATION


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STRATIFICATION: Definition:

Is an institutionalized pattern of inequality inwhich social categories are ranked on the basis oftheir access to scarce resources (Brinkerhoff &

White, 1!!"#

Is the hierarchical arrange$ent and establish$entof social categories that e%ol%e into a social grouptogether with statuses and their corresponding

roles (anopio et al#, 1'"#


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STRATIFICATION: Is a syste$ whereby people rank and e%aluate

each other as superior or inferior and, on thebasis of such e%aluation, unequally reward oneanother with wealth, authority, power, andprestige# ne result of each differentiation is the

creation of a nu$ber of le%els within the society()ebding & *lick, 1+"#


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STRATIFICATION: structured ranking of entire groups of people

that perpetuates unequal econo$ic rewards andpower in a society (-chaefer, +../"#


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STRATIFICATION: Social Stratification may be viee! a":

A# Social Str$ct$re It is percei%ed as the differentiation of statuses and

social roles into ranked orders as a syste$ of layeredhierarchy of social relationships#

%# Social &roce"" It can be thought of as a di%ision of society into social

categories that de%elop into social groups, which arecooperating, co$peting, and0or conflicting with one

another for social change#


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STRATIFICATION: Social Stratification may be viee! a":

C# Social &roblem It in%ol%es bitter feelings of discontent and

strong de$ands for equality or social ustice#


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%ASIC &RINCI&LES OFSOCIAL STRATIFICATION:

'# It i" $niver"al in nat$re#

(# It )a" many con"e*$ence" forin!ivi!$al" + to t)e ,ro$-#

.# It i" a c)aracteri"tic in "ociety#

/# It -er"i"t t)ro$,) ,eneration"#

5# It i" "$--orte! by -attern" of belief#


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T0&ES OF SOCIALSTRATIFICATION S0STEMS:

A# CASTE S0STEM

%# ESTATE S0STEM

C# CLASS S0STEM


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CASTE S0STEM:

re hereditary ranks that are usually religiouslydictated, and that tend to be fi2ed and i$$obile(-chaefer, +../"#

E1# 3he caste syste$ in India#


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ESTATE S0STEM:

syste$ of stratification under which peasantswere required to work land leased to the$ bynobles in e2change for $ilitary protection andother ser%ices (-chaefer, +../"#

lso known asfeudalism#

E1# 3he $edie%al period in 4urope#


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CLASS S0STEM:

social ranking based pri$arily on econo$icposition in which achie%ed characteristics caninfluence social $obility (-chaefer, +../"#

E1# 3he present day stratification syste$ in the

hilippines & 5#-#


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SOCIAL MO%ILIT0: Definition:

Is the $o%e$ent of an indi%idual or a groupfro$ one social class or social stratu$ to another(3heodorson, 16"#

3he $o%e$ent of indi%iduals or group fro$ oneposition of a society7s stratification syste$ toanother (-chaefer, +../"#


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SOCIAL MO%ILIT0: T0&ES OF SOCIAL MO%ILIT0:

# 8ertical -ocial 9obility

B# )orizontal -ocial 9obility

:# Intergenerational -ocial 9obility

;# Intragenerational -ocial 9obility


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SOCIAL MO%ILIT0:2ertical Social Mobility:

3he $o%e$ent of a person fro$ one socialposition to another of a different rank (-chaefer,+../"#

E1#janitorbeco$es a doctor#


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SOCIAL MO%ILIT0: 3ori4ontal Social Mobility:

3he $o%e$ent of an indi%idual fro$ one socialposition to another of the sa$e rank (-chaefer,+../"#

E1# driverto a construction worker#


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SOCIAL MO%ILIT0: Inter,enerational Social Mobility:

:hanges in the social position of childrenrelati%e to their parents (-chaefer, +../"#

E1# plu$ber whose father was a physician#


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SOCIAL MO%ILIT0: Intra,enerational Social Mobility:

:hanges in a person7s social position within hisor her adult life (-chaefer, +../"#

E1# wo$en started to work as a $athinstructor e%entually beco$es a chairperson ofthe depart$ent#


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SOCIAL MO%ILIT0: ;epending on the circu$stances that a person

$ay encounter in his or her lifeti$e


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FACTORS AFFECTINSOCIAL MO%ILIT0:

1# =e%el of econo$ic de%elop$ent of the country#

+# =e%el of industrialization and urbanization#

># ?apid e2pansion of the ser%ice sector#

'# %ailability of opportunities#

/# :o$petition

6# 4ducation


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O&EN AND CLOSEDSTRATIFICATION S0STEM:

A# O-en Stratification Sy"tem

%# Clo"e! Stratification Sy"tem


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O&EN AND CLOSEDSTRATIFICATION S0STEM: O-en Stratification Sy"tem:

social syste$ in which the position of eachindi%idual is influenced by his or her achie%edstatus (-chaefer, +../"#

r there is a great presence of social $obilitywithin the stratification syste$#


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O&EN AND CLOSEDSTRATIFICATION S0STEM: Clo"e! Stratification Sy"tem:

social syste$ in which there is little or nopossibility of indi%idual social $obility(-chaefer, +../"#


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T3EORETICAL &ERS&ECTI2ESON SOCIAL STRATIFICATION: Str$ct$ral6F$nctionali"t 2ie:

ccording toKingsley Davis & Wilbert Moore,society $ust distribute its $e$bers a$ong a%ariety of social positions#

It $ust not only $ake sure that these positions

are filled but also see that they are staffed bypeople with the appropriate talents and abilities#


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T3EORETICAL &ERS&ECTI2ESON SOCIAL STRATIFICATION: ?ewards, including $oney and prestige, arebased on the i$portance of a position and the

relati%ely scarcity of qualified personnel#@et this assess$ent often de%alues work

perfor$ed by certain seg$ents of society

(ho$eworkers or low


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T3EORETICAL &ERS&ECTI2ESON SOCIAL STRATIFICATION: 3hey argue that stratification is uni%ersal and

that social inequality(a condition in wic

members of a society ave differing amounts ofwealt, prestige, or power!is necessary so thatpeople will be $oti%ated to fill functionallyi$portant positions#


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T3EORETICAL &ERS&ECTI2ESON SOCIAL STRATIFICATION: But critics say that unequal rewards are not only

$eans of encouraging people to fill critical

positions and occupation# ersonal pleasure, intrinsic satisfaction, and%alue orientations also $oti%ate people to enter

particular careers#


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T3EORETICAL &ERS&ECTI2ESON SOCIAL STRATIFICATION: Aunctionalist agree but note that society $ust

use so$e type of reward to $oti%ate people to

enter unpleasant or dangerous obs andprofessions that require a long training period#


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T3EORETICAL &ERS&ECTI2ESON SOCIAL STRATIFICATION: )owe%er, this does not ustify stratification

syste$s in which status is largely inherited, such

as sla%e or caste societies# Aurther$ore, it is difficult to e2plain the high

salaries our society offers to professional athletes

or entertainers on the basis of how critical thoseobs are to the sur%i%al of society#


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T3EORETICAL &ERS&ECTI2ESON SOCIAL STRATIFICATION: Social Conflict 2ie:

:onflict theorist see stratification as a $aorsource of societal tension and conflict#

3hey do not agree with ;a%is and 9oore thatstratification is functional for a society or that it

ser%es as a source of stability#


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T3EORETICAL &ERS&ECTI2ESON SOCIAL STRATIFICATION: :onflict theorist %iew social inequality as neither

i$portant nor ad%antageous to the welfare of

$ost $e$bers of society # 3hey %iew stratification as an unust syste$

inflicted on society by people with a $onopoly of

power and wealth to safeguard their owninterests, ad%antages, and power#


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T3EORETICAL &ERS&ECTI2ESON SOCIAL STRATIFICATION: Aurther$ore, stratification highly

co$part$entalizes society and strongly

pro$otes antagonis$ a$ong the co$petingsocial class#

3hus, stratification is seen to e2ploit the $any

while rewarding the few#


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T3EORETICAL &ERS&ECTI2ESON SOCIAL STRATIFICATION: 7arl Mar1 (the pro$inent figure in conflict

theory" %iewed history as a continuous struggle

between the oppressors and the oppressed,which would ulti$ately cul$inate in anegalitarian, classless society#


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T3EORETICAL &ERS&ECTI2ESON SOCIAL STRATIFICATION: In ter$s of stratification, he argued that under

capitalis$, the do$inant class the bourgeoisie

(the owners of the $eans of production orco$pany0industry owners" $anipulates theecono$ic and political syste$s in order to$aintain control o%er the e2ploitedproletariat(the working class0the paid workers"#


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T3EORETICAL &ERS&ECTI2ESON SOCIAL STRATIFICATION: ;ahrendorf added that the $ost powerful

groups in society are not only those who owns

the $eans of production but also those whooccupy high positions in society as well (such as$anagers, legislators, heads of go%ern$entbureacracy"#


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T3EORETICAL &ERS&ECTI2ESON SOCIAL STRATIFICATION: )e contends that the powerful of today wants

society to run s$oothly so that they can enoy

their pri%ileged positions# -o they ha%e a clear interest in pre%enting,

$ini$izing, or controlling societal conflict#


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T3EORETICAL &ERS&ECTI2ESON SOCIAL STRATIFICATION: ne way for the$ to $aintain the status quo is

to define and disse$inate the society7s

dominant ideology (a set of cultural beliefsand practices tat elps maintain powerfulsocial, economic, and political interests!"


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T3EORETICAL &ERS&ECTI2ESON SOCIAL STRATIFICATION: Aro$ a conflict perspecti%e, the social

significance of do$inant ideology is that not

only do a society7s $ost powerful groups andinstitutions control wealth and propertyC e%en$ore i$portant, they control the $eans ofproducing beliefs about reality through religion,education, and the $edia#


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T3EORETICAL &ERS&ECTI2ESON SOCIAL STRATIFICATION: 3he powerful, such as leaders of go%ern$ent,

also use li$ited social refor$s to buy off the

oppressed and reduce the danger of challengesto their do$inance#

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Discussion 7 - SOCIAL STRATIFICATION.pptx