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Australia • Canada • Denmark • Japan • Mexico • New Zealand • Philippines • Puerto Rico • Singapore • South Africa • Spain • United Kingdom • United States DISCOVERING COMPUTERS & Microsoft ® OFFICE 2010 Gary B. Shelly Misty E. Vermaat Contributing Authors Raymond E. Enger Steven M. Freund Mary Z. Last Philip J. Pratt Jeffrey J. Quasney Susan L. Sebok A Fundamental Combined Approach

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Australia • Canada • Denmark • Japan • Mexico • New Zealand • Philippines • Puerto Rico • Singapore • South Africa • Spain • United Kingdom • United States

DISCOVERING COMPUTERS &Microsoft

®

OFFICE 2010

Gary B. Shelly Misty E. Vermaat

Contributing AuthorsRaymond E. EngerSteven M. Freund

Mary Z. LastPhilip J. Pratt

Jeffrey J. QuasneySusan L. Sebok

A Fundamental Combined Approach

Discovering Computers & Microsoft®

Offi ce® 2010: A Fundamental

Combined Approach

Gary B. Shelly

Misty E. Vermaat

Vice President, Publisher: Nicole Pinard

Executive Editor: Kathleen McMahon

Product Manager: Nada Jovanovic

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Library of Congress Control Number: 2010943187

ISBN-13: 978-0-538-47393-4

ISBN-10: 0-538-47393-2

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Printed in the United States of America1 2 3 4 5 6 7 16 15 14 13 12 11

Discovering Computers—Selected Chapters from Fundamentals, 2012 Edition

Chapter 1 Introduction to Computers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Special Feature 1Living Digitally . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37

Chapter 2 The Internet and World Wide Web . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43

Special Feature 2Making Use of the Web . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79

Chapter 3 Application Software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95

Special Feature 3Digital Video Technology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129

Chapter 4Operating Systems and Utility Programs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135

Special Feature 4Digital Communications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167

Chapter 5 Computer Security and Safety, Ethics, and Privacy . . . . . . . . . . 181

Special Feature 5Buyer’s Guide: How to Purchase Computers and Mobile Devices. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 217

Quiz Yourself Answers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 229

Microsoft Offi ce 2010 and Windows 7

Offi ce 2010 and Windows 7: Essential Concepts and Skills . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . OFF 1

Microsoft Windows Internet Explorer 8Introduction to Internet Explorer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . IE 1

Microsoft Word 2010 Chapter 1Creating, Formatting, and Editing a Word Document with Pictures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . WD 1

Chapter 2Creating a Research Paper with Citations and References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . WD 65

Chapter 3Creating a Business Letter with a Letterhead and Table . . WD 137

Microsoft PowerPoint 2010 Chapter 1Creating and Editing a Presentation with Clip Art . . . . . . . . PPT 1

Chapter 2Enhancing a Presentation with Pictures, Shapes, and WordArt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PPT 73

Chapter 3Reusing a Presentation and Adding Media . . . . . . . . . . . . . PPT 137

Microsoft Excel 2010Chapter 1Creating a Worksheet and an Embedded Chart . . . . . . . . . . . . EX 1

Chapter 2Formulas, Functions, and Formatting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . EX 65

Chapter 3What-If Analysis, Charting, and Working with Large Worksheets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . EX 137

Microsoft Access 2010Chapter 1Databases and Database Objects: An Introduction . . . . . . . . . AC 1

Chapter 2Querying a Database . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AC 73

Table of Contents at a Glance

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Table of Contents

®®®®®®®®®®®®®®®®®®®®®®®®®®®®®®®®®®®®®®®®®®®®®®®®®®®®®®®®®

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CHAPTER 1Introduction to Computers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1A WORLD OF COMPUTERS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2WHAT IS A COMPUTER? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

Data and Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4Information Processing Cycle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

THE COMPONENTS OF A COMPUTER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4Input Devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4Output Devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5System Unit. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6Storage Devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6Communications Devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF USING COMPUTERS. . . 7Advantages of Using Computers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7Disadvantages of Using Computers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

NETWORKS AND THE INTERNET . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8COMPUTER SOFTWARE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

System Software. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11Application Software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12Installing and Running Programs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12Software Development . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

CATEGORIES OF COMPUTERS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14PERSONAL COMPUTERS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

Desktop Computers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16MOBILE COMPUTERS AND MOBILE DEVICES. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

Notebook Computers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16Mobile Devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

GAME CONSOLES. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18SERVERS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19MAINFRAMES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19SUPER COMPUTERS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19EMBEDDED COMPUTERS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19EXAMPLES OF COMPUTER USAGE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

Home User . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20Small Offi ce/Home Offi ce User . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22Mobile User . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22Power User . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23Enterprise User . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

COMPUTER APPLICATIONS IN SOCIETY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24Education . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24Finance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25Government . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25Health Care. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25Science . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26Publishing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27Travel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27Manufacturing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27

CHAPTER SUMMARY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28COMPANIES ON THE CUTTING EDGE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29

Apple. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29Amazon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29

TECHNOLOGY TRAILBLAZERS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29

Bill Gates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29Tom Anderson . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29

CHAPTER REVIEW. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30KEY TERMS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31CHECKPOINT. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32PROBLEM SOLVING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33LEARN HOW TO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34LEARN IT ONLINE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35WEB RESEARCH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36

Special Feature 1Living Digitally. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37

CHAPTER 2The Internet and World Wide Web . . . . . . . . . 43THE INTERNET . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44

Connecting to the Internet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45Access Providers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46How Data and Information Travel the Internet . . . . . . . . . 47Internet Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48

THE WORLD WIDE WEB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49Browsing the Web . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49Web Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51Navigating Web Pages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52Searching the Web. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53Types of Web Sites . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55Evaluating a Web Site . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58Multimedia on the Web. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58Web Publishing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62E-Commerce . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62

OTHER INTERNET SERVICES. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63E-Mail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63Mailing Lists . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66Instant Messaging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66Chat Rooms. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67VoIP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68FTP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68Newsgroups and Message Boards. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68

NETIQUETTE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69CHAPTER SUMMARY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70COMPANIES ON THE CUTTING EDGE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71

Google . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71eBay. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71

TECHNOLOGY TRAILBLAZERS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71Tim Berners-Lee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71Mark Zuckerberg . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71

CHAPTER REVIEW. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72KEY TERMS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73CHECKPOINT. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74PROBLEM SOLVING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75LEARN HOW TO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76LEARN IT ONLINE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77WEB RESEARCH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78

Discovering Computers & Microsoft Offi ce 2010 Contents v

Special Feature 2Making Use of the Web . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79

CHAPTER 3Application Software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95APPLICATION SOFTWARE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96

The Role of System Software. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97Working with Application Software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98

BUSINESS SOFTWARE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100Word Processing Software. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101Developing a Document . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102Spreadsheet Software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103Database Software. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104Presentation Software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105Note Taking Software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106Business Software Suite . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106Project Management Software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106Personal Information Manager Software. . . . . . . . . . . . . 106Business Software for Phones . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106Accounting Software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107Document Management Software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107Enterprise Computing Software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107

GRAPHICS AND MULTIMEDIA SOFTWARE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108Computer Aided Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109Desktop Publishing Software

(for the Professional) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109Paint/Image Editing Software

(for the Professional) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109Video and Audio Editing Software

(for the Professional) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110Multimedia Authoring Software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110Web Page Authoring Software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110

SOFTWARE FOR HOME, PERSONAL, ANDEDUCATIONAL USE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111

Personal Finance Software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112Legal Software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113Tax Preparation Software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113Desktop Publishing Software (for Personal Use) . . . . . . . 113Paint/Image Editing Software (for Personal Use). . . . . . . 114Clip Art/Image Gallery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114Video and Audio Editing Software (for Personal Use) 114Home Design/Landscaping Software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115Travel and Mapping Software. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115Reference and Educational Software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115Entertainment Software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116

WEB APPLICATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116APPLICATION SOFTWARE FOR COMMUNICATIONS. . . . . . . . . . 118LEARNING TOOLS FOR APPLICATION SOFTWARE . . . . . . . . . . . 119

Web-Based Training . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119CHAPTER SUMMARY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120COMPANIES ON THE CUTTING EDGE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121

Adobe Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121Microsoft. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121

TECHNOLOGY TRAILBLAZERS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121Dan Bricklin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121Masayoshi Son . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121

CHAPTER REVIEW. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122KEY TERMS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123CHECKPOINT. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124PROBLEM SOLVING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125LEARN HOW TO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126LEARN IT ONLINE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127WEB RESEARCH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128

Special Feature 3Digital Video Technology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129

CHAPTER 4Operating Systems and Utility

Programs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135SYSTEM SOFTWARE. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136OPERATING SYSTEMS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137OPERATING SYSTEM FUNCTIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138

Starting and Shutting Down a Computer. . . . . . . . . . . . . 138Providing a User Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138Managing Programs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139Managing Memory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141Coordinating Tasks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141Confi guring Devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142Establishing an Internet Connection. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142Monitoring Performance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143Providing File Management and Other Utilities . . . . . . . 143Updating Software Automatically . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143Controlling a Network . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143Administering Security . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144

TYPES OF OPERATING SYSTEMS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145STAND-ALONE OPERATING SYSTEMS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146

Windows 7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146Mac OS X. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147UNIX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147Linux . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148

SERVER OPERATING SYSTEMS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148EMBEDDED OPERATING SYSTEMS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149UTILITY PROGRAMS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150

File Manager . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151Search Utility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151Uninstaller . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151Image Viewer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151Disk Cleanup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152Disk Defragmenter. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152Backup and Restore Utilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152Screen Saver . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153Personal Firewall . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153Antivirus Programs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154Spyware and Adware Removers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155Internet Filters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155File Compression . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156Media Player . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156Disc Burning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157Personal Computer Maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157

CHAPTER SUMMARY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158COMPANIES ON THE CUTTING EDGE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159

VeriSign . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159Research in Motion (RIM) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159

TECHNOLOGY TRAILBLAZERS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159Steve Wozniak . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159Linus Torvalds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159

CHAPTER REVIEW. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160KEY TERMS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161CHECKPOINT. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162PROBLEM SOLVING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163LEARN HOW TO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164LEARN IT ONLINE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165WEB RESEARCH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166

Special Feature 4Digital Communications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167

CHAPTER 5Computer Security and Safety,

Ethics, and Privacy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181COMPUTER SECURITY RISKS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 182INTERNET AND NETWORK ATTACKS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184

Computer Viruses, Worms, Trojan Horses, and Rootkits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184

Safeguards against Computer Viruses and Other Malware . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185

Botnets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187Denial of Service Attacks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187Back Doors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188Spoofi ng . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188Safeguards against Botnets, DoS Attacks, Back

Doors, and Spoofi ng . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188Firewalls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188Intrusion Detection Software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189

UNAUTHORIZED ACCESS AND USE. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189Safeguards against Unauthorized Access and Use. . . . . . 189Identifying and Authenticating Users . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189Digital Forensics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192

HARDWARE THEFT AND VANDALISM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193Safeguards against Hardware Theft and Vandalism . . . . 193

SOFTWARE THEFT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193Safeguards against Software Theft. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193

INFORMATION THEFT. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195Safeguards against Information Theft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195Encryption. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195

SYSTEM FAILURE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 196Safeguards against System Failure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 196

BACKING UP — THE ULTIMATE SAFEGUARD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 196WIRELESS SECURITY. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197HEALTH CONCERNS OF COMPUTER USE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 198

Computers and Health Risks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 198Ergonomics and Workplace Design. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 199Computer Addiction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 199

ETHICS AND SOCIETY. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 199Information Accuracy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 200Intellectual Property Rights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201Green Computing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201

INFORMATION PRIVACY. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202Electronic Profi les . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203Cookies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203Spyware and Adware. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204Spam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204Phishing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205Social Engineering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205Privacy Laws . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 206Employee Monitoring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207Content Filtering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207

CHAPTER SUMMARY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 208COMPANIES ON THE CUTTING EDGE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209

McAfee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209Symantec. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209

TECHNOLOGY TRAILBLAZERS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209Richard Stallman . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209Gene Spafford . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209

CHAPTER REVIEW. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 210KEY TERMS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211CHECKPOINT. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 212PROBLEM SOLVING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213LEARN HOW TO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 214LEARN IT ONLINE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215WEB RESEARCH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 216

Special Feature 5Buyer’s Guide: How to Purchase Computers

and Mobile Devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 217

Quiz Yourself Answers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 229

Offi ce 2010 and Windows 7Offi ce 2010 and Windows 7:

Essential Concepts and Skills . . . . . . . . OFF 1OBJECTIVES. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . OFF 1OFFICE 2010 AND WINDOWS 7. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . OFF 2

Overview. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . OFF 2INTRODUCTION TO THE WINDOWS 7 OPERATING SYSTEM OFF 2

Using a Mouse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . OFF 2Scrolling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . OFF 4Shortcut Keys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . OFF 4Starting Windows 7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . OFF 5To Log On to the Computer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . OFF 6The Windows 7 Desktop . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . OFF 7

INTRODUCTION TO MICROSOFT OFFICE 2010 . . . . . . . . . . . . OFF 7Microsoft Offi ce 2010 Programs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . OFF 8Microsoft Offi ce 2010 Suites . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . OFF 8

STARTING AND USING A PROGRAM. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . OFF 9Word . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . OFF 9To Start a Program Using the Start Menu. . . . . . . . . . OFF 10To Maximize a Window . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . OFF 12The Word Document Window, Ribbon, and

Elements Common to Offi ce Programs . . . . . . . . OFF 12To Display a Different Tab on the Ribbon . . . . . . . . . OFF 16To Minimize, Display, and Restore the Ribbon. . . . . . OFF 17To Display and Use a Shortcut Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . OFF 18To Customize the Quick Access Toolbar . . . . . . . . . . . OFF 19To Enter Text in a Document . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . OFF 20

SAVING AND ORGANIZING FILES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . OFF 21Organizing Files and Folders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . OFF 21To Create a Folder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . OFF 22Folder Windows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . OFF 24To Create a Folder within a Folder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . OFF 24To Expand a Folder, Scroll through Folder

Contents, and Collapse a Folder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . OFF 26To Switch from One Program to Another. . . . . . . . . . OFF 27To Save a File in a Folder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . OFF 27Navigating in Dialog Boxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . OFF 30To Minimize and Restore a Window. . . . . . . . . . . . . . OFF 30

SCREEN RESOLUTION. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . OFF 31To Change the Screen Resolution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . OFF 33To Quit an Offi ce Program with One

Document Open. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . OFF 35ADDITIONAL MICROSOFT OFFICE PROGRAMS . . . . . . . . . . OFF 36

PowerPoint . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . OFF 36To Start a Program Using the Search Box . . . . . . . . . . OFF 37The PowerPoint Window and Ribbon . . . . . . . . . . . . OFF 39To Enter Content in a Title Slide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . OFF 40To Create a New Offi ce Document from the

Backstage View . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . OFF 41To Enter Content in a Title Slide of a

Second PowerPoint Presentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . OFF 43To Close an Offi ce File Using the Backstage

View . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . OFF 44To Open a Recent Offi ce File Using the

Backstage View . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . OFF 45Excel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . OFF 46To Create a New Blank Offi ce Document from

Windows Explorer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . OFF 47

vi Contents Discovering Computers & Microsoft Offi ce 2010

Discovering Computers & Microsoft Offi ce 2010 Contents vii

To Start a Program from Windows Explorer and Open a File . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . OFF 48

Unique Features of Excel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . OFF 49To Enter a Worksheet Title . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . OFF 50To Save an Existing Offi ce Document with

the Same File Name . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . OFF 51Access . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . OFF 53Unique Elements in Access . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . OFF 54To Create an Access Database . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . OFF 55To Open an Existing Offi ce File . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . OFF 57

OTHER OFFICE PROGRAMS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . OFF 58Outlook . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . OFF 58Publisher . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . OFF 59OneNote . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . OFF 61

MOVING, RENAMING, AND DELETING FILES . . . . . . . . . . . . OFF 62To Rename a File . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . OFF 63To Move a File. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . OFF 64To Delete a File. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . OFF 64

MICROSOFT OFFICE AND WINDOWS HELP . . . . . . . . . . . . . OFF 66To Open the Help Window in an Offi ce

Program . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . OFF 66Moving and Resizing Windows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . OFF 66To Move a Window by Dragging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . OFF 66To Resize a Window by Dragging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . OFF 67Using Offi ce Help . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . OFF 68To Obtain Help Using the ‘Type words to search

for’ Text Box . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . OFF 68To Obtain Help Using the Help Links . . . . . . . . . . . . . OFF 70To Obtain Help Using the Help Table

of Contents. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . OFF 71Obtaining Help while Working in an

Offi ce Program. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . OFF 72Using Windows Help and Support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . OFF 73To Start Windows Help and Support. . . . . . . . . . . . . . OFF 73

CHAPTER SUMMARY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . OFF 74LEARN IT ONLINE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . OFF 75APPLY YOUR KNOWLEDGE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . OFF 76EXTEND YOUR KNOWLEDGE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . OFF 76MAKE IT RIGHT. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . OFF 77IN THE LAB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . OFF 78CASES AND PLACES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . OFF 80

Microsoft Windows Internet Explorer 8Introduction to Internet Explorer . . . . . . . . IE 1OBJECTIVES. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . IE 1INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . IE 2

Overview. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . IE 2THE INTERNET . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . IE 3THE WORLD WIDE WEB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . IE 5

Security Concerns on the Internet. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . IE 6Web Address . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . IE 7Hypertext Markup Language . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . IE 9Home Pages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . IE 10Web Browsers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . IE 10

WHAT IS INTERNET EXPLORER 8? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . IE 10Starting Internet Explorer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . IE 11To Start Internet Explorer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . IE 11The Internet Explorer Window . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . IE 12Command Bar. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . IE 14

BROWSING THE WORLD WIDE WEB. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . IE 15To Browse the Web by Entering a Web Address . . . . . . IE 16Stopping the Transfer of a Page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . IE 20Refreshing a Web Page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . IE 20To Refresh a Web Page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . IE 21

Finding a Previously Displayed Web Page . . . . . . . . . . . IE 21Finding a Recently Displayed Web Page Using

the Navigation Buttons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . IE 22To Use the Navigation Buttons to Find

Recently Displayed Web Pages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . IE 23To Display a Web Page Using the Recent Pages List . . . IE 25Using the History List to Display Web Pages . . . . . . . . . IE 26To Display a Web Page Using the History List . . . . . . . . IE 27

KEEPING TRACK OF FAVORITE WEB PAGES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . IE 30To Add a Web Page to the Favorites Center . . . . . . . . . IE 30To Display the Home Page Using the Home Button . . . IE 32To Display a Web Page Using the Favorites Center . . . . IE 33To Remove a Web Page from the Favorites Center . . . . IE 34

SAVING INFORMATION OBTAINED WITH INTERNET EXPLORER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . IE 35

To Save a Web Page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . IE 36To Save a Picture on a Web Page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . IE 37Copying and Pasting Using the Clipboard . . . . . . . . . . . IE 39To Start WordPad . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . IE 39To Display the Yellowstone National

Park Web Page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . IE 41To Copy and Paste Text from a Web Page

into a WordPad Document . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . IE 42To Copy and Paste a Picture from a Web Page

into a WordPad Document . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . IE 44To Save the WordPad Document and

Quit WordPad . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . IE 46PRINTING A WEB PAGE IN INTERNET EXPLORER . . . . . . . . . . . IE 47

To Print a Web Page. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . IE 48INTERNET EXPLORER HELP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . IE 49

To Access Internet Explorer Help . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . IE 49QUITTING INTERNET EXPLORER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . IE 52

To Quit Internet Explorer. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . IE 52CHAPTER SUMMARY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . IE 53LEARN IT ONLINE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . IE 54APPLY YOUR KNOWLEDGE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . IE 54EXTEND YOUR KNOWLEDGE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . IE 58IN THE LAB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . IE 59CASES AND PLACES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . IE 69

Microsoft Word 2010CHAPTER 1Creating, Formatting, and Editing

a Word Document with Pictures . . . . . . WD 1OBJECTIVES. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . WD 1INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . WD 2PROJECT — FLYER WITH PICTURES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . WD 2

Overview. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . WD 4ENTERING TEXT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . WD 5

To Type Text . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . WD 6To Display Formatting Marks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . WD 7To Insert a Blank Line. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . WD 7Wordwrap. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . WD 8To Wordwrap Text as You Type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . WD 8Spelling and Grammar Check . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . WD 9To Check Spelling and Grammar as You Type. . . . . . . . WD 9Navigating a Document. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . WD 11

FORMATTING PARAGRAPHS AND CHARACTERS . . . . . . . . . WD 12To Center a Paragraph . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . WD 14Formatting Single versus Multiple Paragraphs

and Characters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . WD 15To Select a Line. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . WD 15To Change the Font Size of Selected Text. . . . . . . . . . WD 16To Change the Font of Selected Text . . . . . . . . . . . . . WD 17

To Change the Case of Selected Text . . . . . . . . . . . . . WD 18To Apply a Text Effect to Selected Text. . . . . . . . . . . . WD 19To Shade a Paragraph . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . WD 20To Select Multiple Lines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . WD 21To Bullet a List of Paragraphs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . WD 22To Undo and Redo an Action . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . WD 23To Italicize Text . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . WD 24To Color Text . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . WD 25To Use the Mini Toolbar to Format Text . . . . . . . . . . . WD 26To Select a Group of Words . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . WD 27To Underline Text . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . WD 27To Bold Text . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . WD 28To Change Theme Colors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . WD 28Selecting Text . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . WD 30

INSERTING AND FORMATTING PICTURES IN A WORD DOCUMENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . WD 30

To Insert a Picture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . WD 31To Zoom the Document . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . WD 33To Resize a Graphic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . WD 34To Resize a Graphic by Entering Exact

Measurements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . WD 36To Apply a Picture Style . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . WD 37To Apply Picture Effects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . WD 38

ENHANCING THE PAGE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . WD 40To View One Page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . WD 40To Add a Page Border . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . WD 41To Change Spacing before and after

a Paragraph . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . WD 43CORRECTING ERRORS AND REVISING A DOCUMENT . . . . . WD 44

Types of Changes Made to Documents. . . . . . . . . . . . WD 44To Insert Text in an Existing Document. . . . . . . . . . . . WD 46Deleting Text from a Document . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . WD 47To Delete Text. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . WD 47To Move Text . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . WD 47

CHANGING DOCUMENT PROPERTIES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . WD 49To Change Document Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . WD 49

PRINTING A DOCUMENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . WD 51To Print a Document . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . WD 51

CHAPTER SUMMARY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . WD 53LEARN IT ONLINE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . WD 54APPLY YOUR KNOWLEDGE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . WD 54EXTEND YOUR KNOWLEDGE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . WD 56MAKE IT RIGHT. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . WD 57IN THE LAB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . WD 58CASES AND PLACES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . WD 63

CHAPTER 2Creating a Research Paper

with Citations and References . . . . . . WD 65OBJECTIVES. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . WD 65INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . WD 66PROJECT — RESEARCH PAPER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . WD 66

Overview. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . WD 68MLA Documentation Style. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . WD 69

CHANGING DOCUMENT SETTINGS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . WD 69Styles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . WD 70To Modify a Style . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . WD 70Adjusting Line and Paragraph Spacing. . . . . . . . . . . . WD 72To Change Line Spacing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . WD 73To Remove Space after a Paragraph . . . . . . . . . . . . . . WD 74To Update a Style to Match a Selection . . . . . . . . . . . WD 74Headers and Footers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . WD 75To Switch to the Header . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . WD 75

To Right-Align a Paragraph . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . WD 76To Insert a Page Number . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . WD 77To Close the Header . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . WD 78

TYPING THE RESEARCH PAPER TEXT. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . WD 78To Click and Type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . WD 80Shortcut Keys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . WD 81To Display the Rulers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . WD 82To First-Line Indent Paragraphs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . WD 83To AutoCorrect as You Type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . WD 85To Use the AutoCorrect Options Button. . . . . . . . . . . WD 85To Create an AutoCorrect Entry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . WD 86The AutoCorrect Dialog Box . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . WD 87Citations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . WD 88To Change the Bibliography Style . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . WD 89To Insert a Citation and Create Its Source. . . . . . . . . . WD 90To Edit a Citation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . WD 91Footnotes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . WD 93To Insert a Footnote Reference Mark . . . . . . . . . . . . . WD 93To Insert a Citation Placeholder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . WD 94Footnote Text Style . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . WD 95To Modify a Style Using a Shortcut Menu . . . . . . . . . WD 95To Edit a Source . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . WD 97Working with Footnotes and Endnotes . . . . . . . . . . WD 100To Count Words . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . WD 101Automatic Page Breaks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . WD 101

CREATING AN ALPHABETICAL WORKS CITED PAGE . . . . . WD 105To Page Break Manually . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . WD 106To Apply a Style . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . WD 106To Create the Bibliographical List . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . WD 108To Modify a Source and Update the

Bibliographical List . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . WD 109To Convert a Field to Regular Text . . . . . . . . . . . . . . WD 110

PROOFING AND REVISING THE RESEARCH PAPER . . . . . . . WD 112To Scroll Page by Page through a Document . . . . . . WD 112Copying, Cutting, and Pasting. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . WD 113To Copy and Paste . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . WD 113To Display the Paste Options Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . WD 114To Find Text. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . WD 115To Replace Text. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . WD 116Find and Replace Dialog Box. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . WD 117To Go to a Page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . WD 117To Find and Insert a Synonym . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . WD 118To Check Spelling and Grammar at Once . . . . . . . . . WD 118The Main and Custom Dictionaries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . WD 120To Use the Research Task Pane to Look Up

Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . WD 120Research Task Pane Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . WD 122To Print Document Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . WD 123To Preview the Document and Then

Print It . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . WD 124CHAPTER SUMMARY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . WD 125LEARN IT ONLINE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . WD 126APPLY YOUR KNOWLEDGE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . WD 126EXTEND YOUR KNOWLEDGE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . WD 128MAKE IT RIGHT. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . WD 129IN THE LAB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . WD 130CASES AND PLACES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . WD 136

CHAPTER 3Creating a Business Letter with

a Letterhead and Table . . . . . . . . . . . WD 137OBJECTIVES. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . WD 137INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . WD 138

viii Contents Discovering Computers & Microsoft Offi ce 2010

Discovering Computers & Microsoft Offi ce 2010 Contents ix

PROJECT — BUSINESS LETTER WITH A LETTERHEAD AND TABLE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . WD 138

Overview. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . WD 138To Change Margin Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . WD 141

CREATING A LETTERHEAD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . WD 142To Insert a Shape . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . WD 142To Apply a Shape Style . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . WD 144To Add Text to a Shape . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . WD 145To Use the Grow Font Button to Increase

Font Size . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . WD 146Floating versus Inline Objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . WD 147To Change an Object’s Text Wrapping . . . . . . . . . . . WD 148To Insert Clip Art. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . WD 148To Resize a Graphic to a Percent of the Original WD 150To Change the Color of a Graphic. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . WD 151To Set a Transparent Color in a Graphic . . . . . . . . . . WD 152To Adjust the Brightness and Contrast

of a Graphic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . WD 153To Change the Border Color on a Graphic . . . . . . . . WD 154To Move a Graphic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . WD 155To Use Paste Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . WD 156To Flip a Graphic. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . WD 157To Insert a Symbol from the Symbol Dialog Box WD 158To Insert a Symbol from the Symbol Gallery . . . . . . WD 159To Bottom Border a Paragraph . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . WD 160To Clear Formatting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . WD 161AutoFormat as You Type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . WD 162To Convert a Hyperlink to Regular Text . . . . . . . . . . WD 163

CREATING A BUSINESS LETTER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . WD 164To Create a New File from an Existing File . . . . . . . . WD 165To Apply a Quick Style . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . WD 166Using Tab Stops to Align Text . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . WD 168To Set Custom Tab Stops . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . WD 169To Insert the Current Date in a Document . . . . . . . . WD 170To Create a Building Block. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . WD 171To Modify a Building Block . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . WD 173To Insert a Building Block . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . WD 174Building Blocks versus AutoCorrect . . . . . . . . . . . . . WD 174To Insert a Nonbreaking Space . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . WD 175Tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . WD 176To Insert an Empty Table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . WD 176To Enter Data in a Table. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . WD 177To Apply a Table Style . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . WD 179To Resize Table Columns to Fit

Table Contents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . WD 180Selecting Table Contents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . WD 181To Align Data in Cells . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . WD 182To Center a Table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . WD 183To Insert a Row in a Table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . WD 184Deleting Table Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . WD 185To Merge Cells . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . WD 185To Bullet a List as You Type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . WD 186

ADDRESSING AND PRINTING ENVELOPES AND MAILING LABELS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . WD 189

To Address and Print an Envelope. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . WD 189Envelopes and Labels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . WD 189

CHAPTER SUMMARY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . WD 190LEARN IT ONLINE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . WD 191APPLY YOUR KNOWLEDGE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . WD 191EXTEND YOUR KNOWLEDGE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . WD 192MAKE IT RIGHT. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . WD 194IN THE LAB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . WD 195CASES AND PLACES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . WD 199

Microsoft PowerPoint 2010CHAPTER 1Creating and Editing a

Presentation with Clip Art . . . . . . . . . . PPT 1OBJECTIVES. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PPT 1INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PPT 2PROJECT — PRESENTATION WITH BULLETED LISTS

AND CLIP ART . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PPT 2Overview. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PPT 4

CHOOSING A DOCUMENT THEME . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PPT 5To Choose a Document Theme . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PPT 5

CREATING A TITLE SLIDE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PPT 7To Enter the Presentation Title . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PPT 7Correcting a Mistake When Typing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PPT 8Paragraphs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PPT 8To Enter the Presentation Subtitle Paragraph . . . . . . . PPT 9

FORMATTING CHARACTERS IN A PRESENTATION . . . . . . . . PPT 10Fonts and Font Styles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PPT 10To Select a Paragraph. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PPT 10To Italicize Text . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PPT 11To Increase Font Size . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PPT 11To Select a Word. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PPT 12To Change the Text Color . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PPT 13

ADDING A NEW SLIDE TO A PRESENTATION . . . . . . . . . . . . PPT 14To Add a New Text Slide with a Bulleted List . . . . . . . PPT 14

CREATING A TEXT SLIDE WITH A MULTI-LEVEL BULLETED LIST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PPT 15

To Enter a Slide Title . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PPT 16To Select a Text Placeholder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PPT 16To Type a Multi-Level Bulleted List . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PPT 17To Select a Group of Words . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PPT 19To Bold Text . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PPT 19

ADDING NEW SLIDES AND CHANGING THE SLIDE LAYOUTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PPT 21

To Add a Slide with the Title Only Layout . . . . . . . . . PPT 21To Add a New Slide and Enter a Slide Title

and Headings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PPT 23POWERPOINT VIEWS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PPT 24

To Move to Another Slide in Normal View . . . . . . . . . PPT 25INSERTING CLIP ART AND PHOTOGRAPHS INTO SLIDES . . . PPT 26

The Clip Art Task Pane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PPT 26To Insert a Clip from the Clip Organizer into

the Title Slide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PPT 27To Insert a Clip from the Clip Organizer

into a Content Placeholder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PPT 30PHOTOGRAPHS AND THE CLIP ORGANIZER . . . . . . . . . . . . . PPT 31RESIZING CLIP ART AND PHOTOGRAPHS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PPT 33

To Resize Clip Art . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PPT 33To Move Clips . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PPT 36

ENDING A SLIDE SHOW WITH A CLOSING SLIDE . . . . . . . . . PPT 38To Duplicate a Slide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PPT 38To Arrange a Slide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PPT 39

MAKING CHANGES TO SLIDE TEXT CONTENT . . . . . . . . . . . PPT 40Replacing Text in an Existing Slide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PPT 41Deleting Text . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PPT 41To Delete Text in a Placeholder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PPT 41

ADDING A TRANSITION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PPT 43To Add a Transition between Slides . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PPT 43

CHANGING DOCUMENT PROPERTIES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PPT 45To Change Document Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PPT 46

VIEWING THE PRESENTATION IN SLIDE SHOW VIEW. . . . . . PPT 47To Start Slide Show View . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PPT 47To Move Manually through Slides in a Slide Show . . PPT 49

PRINTING A PRESENTATION. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PPT 51To Print a Presentation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PPT 51

CHAPTER SUMMARY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PPT 54LEARN IT ONLINE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PPT 55APPLY YOUR KNOWLEDGE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PPT 55EXTEND YOUR KNOWLEDGE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PPT 57MAKE IT RIGHT. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PPT 58IN THE LAB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PPT 59CASES AND PLACES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PPT 70

CHAPTER 2Enhancing a Presentation with

Pictures, Shapes, and WordArt . . . . . . PPT 73OBJECTIVES. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PPT 73INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PPT 74PROJECT — PRESENTATION WITH PICTURES,

SHAPES, AND WORDART . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PPT 74Overview. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PPT 74

STARTING POWERPOINT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PPT 76CREATING SLIDES AND CHANGING FONT COLORS

AND BACKGROUND STYLE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PPT 77Presentation Template Color Scheme . . . . . . . . . . . . . PPT 80To Change the Presentation Theme Colors . . . . . . . . PPT 81

INSERTING AND FORMATTING PICTURES IN A PRESENTATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PPT 82

To Insert a Picture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PPT 83To Insert a Picture into a Slide without

a Content Placeholder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PPT 85To Correct a Picture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PPT 86To Apply a Picture Style . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PPT 87To Apply Picture Effects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PPT 89To Add a Picture Border. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PPT 91To Change a Picture Border Color . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PPT 92To Resize a Graphic by Entering Exact

Measurements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PPT 93FORMATTING SLIDE BACKGROUNDS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PPT 95

To Insert a Texture Fill . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PPT 95To Insert a Picture to Create a Background . . . . . . . . PPT 97To Format the Background Picture

Fill Transparency. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PPT 98To Format the Background Texture

Fill Transparency. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PPT 99To Choose a Background Style . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PPT 99

FORMATTING TITLE AND CONTENT TEXT. . . . . . . . . . . . . . PPT 101To Change the Subtitle and Caption Font . . . . . . . . PPT 101To Shadow Text . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PPT 103Format Painter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PPT 105To Format Text Using the Format Painter. . . . . . . . . PPT 105

ADDING AND FORMATTING A SHAPE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PPT 106To Add a Shape. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PPT 106To Resize a Shape . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PPT 107To Copy and Paste a Shape . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PPT 108To Add Other Shapes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PPT 109To Apply a Shape Style . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PPT 110To Add Formatted Text to a Shape . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PPT 112

USING WORDART. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PPT 113To Insert WordArt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PPT 114To Change the WordArt Shape . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PPT 115To Apply a WordArt Text Fill . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PPT 117To Change the Weight of the WordArt Outline . . . . PPT 118To Change the Color of the WordArt Outline . . . . . PPT 118

CHAPTER SUMMARY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PPT 122

LEARN IT ONLINE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PPT 123APPLY YOUR KNOWLEDGE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PPT 123EXTEND YOUR KNOWLEDGE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PPT 126MAKE IT RIGHT. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PPT 129IN THE LAB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PPT 130CASES AND PLACES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PPT 136

CHAPTER 3Reusing a Presentation and

Adding Media. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PPT 137OBJECTIVES. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PPT 137INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PPT 138PROJECT — PRESENTATION WITH VIDEO, AUDIO,

AND PICTURES WITH EFFECTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PPT 138Overview. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PPT 138

STARTING POWERPOINT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PPT 140INSERTING PICTURES AND ADDING EFFECTS . . . . . . . . . . . PPT 141

Adjusting Picture Colors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PPT 142To Color a Picture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PPT 143To Add an Artistic Effect to a Picture . . . . . . . . . . . . PPT 144To Change the Stacking Order . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PPT 146

MODIFYING PLACEHOLDERS AND DELETING A SLIDE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PPT 148

To Resize a Placeholder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PPT 148To Move a Placeholder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PPT 148To Align Paragraph Text . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PPT 150To Delete a Slide. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PPT 152Changing Views . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PPT 153To Change Views . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PPT 153

COPYING AND MODIFYING A CLIP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PPT 154To Copy a Clip from One Slide to Another . . . . . . . . PPT 155To Zoom a Slide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PPT 156To Ungroup a Clip . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PPT 157To Change the Color of a Clip Object . . . . . . . . . . . . PPT 158To Delete a Clip Object . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PPT 161To Regroup Objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PPT 162

ADDING MEDIA TO SLIDES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PPT 163To Insert a Video File . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PPT 163To Trim a Video File . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PPT 164To Add Video Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PPT 166To Insert an Audio File . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PPT 167To Add Audio Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PPT 170To Add a Video Style . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PPT 172To Resize a Video . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PPT 174To Insert a Movie Clip. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PPT 174

REVIEWING AND REVISING INDIVIDUAL SLIDES . . . . . . . . PPT 176Replace Dialog Box . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PPT 176To Find and Replace Text . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PPT 176To Find and Insert a Synonym . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PPT 178To Add Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PPT 179Checking Spelling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PPT 180To Check Spelling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PPT 181To Insert a Slide Number . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PPT 182To Preview and Print a Handout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PPT 184To Print Speaker Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PPT 187

CHAPTER SUMMARY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PPT 190LEARN IT ONLINE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PPT 190APPLY YOUR KNOWLEDGE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PPT 191EXTEND YOUR KNOWLEDGE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PPT 192MAKE IT RIGHT. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PPT 194IN THE LAB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PPT 195CASES AND PLACES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PPT 200

x Contents Discovering Computers & Microsoft Offi ce 2010

Discovering Computers & Microsoft Offi ce 2010 Contents xi

Microsoft Excel 2010CHAPTER 1Creating a Worksheet and

an Embedded Chart . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . EX 1OBJECTIVES. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . EX 1INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . EX 2PROJECT — WORKSHEET WITH AN EMBEDDED CHART . . . . . EX 2

Overview. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . EX 4SELECTING A CELL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . EX 7ENTERING TEXT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . EX 7

To Enter the Worksheet Titles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . EX 8AutoCorrect . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . EX 9To Enter Column Titles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . EX 10To Enter Row Titles. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . EX 12

ENTERING NUMBERS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . EX 13To Enter Numbers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . EX 13

CALCULATING A SUM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . EX 15To Sum a Column of Numbers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . EX 15

USING THE FILL HANDLE TO COPY A CELL TO ADJACENT CELLS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . EX 16

To Copy a Cell to Adjacent Cells in a Row . . . . . . . . . . EX 17To Determine Multiple Totals at

the Same Time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . EX 18FORMATTING THE WORKSHEET . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . EX 20

Font, Style, Size, and Color . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . EX 22To Change a Cell Style . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . EX 22To Change the Font . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . EX 24To Bold a Cell . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . EX 25To Increase the Font Size of a Cell Entry. . . . . . . . . . . . EX 26To Change the Font Color of a Cell Entry . . . . . . . . . . . EX 27To Center Cell Entries Across Columns by

Merging Cells . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . EX 28To Format Column Titles and the Total Row . . . . . . . . EX 29To Format Numbers in the Worksheet . . . . . . . . . . . . . EX 31To Adjust the Column Width. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . EX 33

USING THE NAME BOX TO SELECT A CELL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . EX 34To Use the Name Box to Select a Cell . . . . . . . . . . . . . . EX 34Other Ways to Select Cells . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . EX 35

ADDING A CLUSTERED CYLINDER CHART TO THE WORKSHEET . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . EX 36

To Add a Clustered Cylinder Chart to the Worksheet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . EX 38

CHANGING THE WORKSHEET NAMES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . EX 42To Change the Worksheet Names . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . EX 42

CHANGING DOCUMENT PROPERTIES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . EX 43To Change Document Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . EX 43

PREVIEWING AND PRINTING A WORKSHEET . . . . . . . . . . . . . EX 45To Preview and Print a Worksheet in Landscape

Orientation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . EX 46STARTING EXCEL AND OPENING A WORKBOOK . . . . . . . . . . EX 47AUTOCALCULATE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . EX 48

To Use the AutoCalculate Area to Determine a Maximum. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . EX 49

CORRECTING ERRORS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . EX 49Correcting Errors While You Are Typing Data

into a Cell . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . EX 49Correcting Errors After Entering Data into a Cell . . . . EX 50Undoing the Last Cell Entry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . EX 51Clearing a Cell or Range of Cells . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . EX 52Clearing the Entire Worksheet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . EX 52

CHAPTER SUMMARY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . EX 53LEARN IT ONLINE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . EX 54

APPLY YOUR KNOWLEDGE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . EX 54EXTEND YOUR KNOWLEDGE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . EX 56MAKE IT RIGHT. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . EX 57IN THE LAB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . EX 58CASES AND PLACES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . EX 63

CHAPTER 2Formulas, Functions,

and Formatting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . EX 65OBJECTIVES. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . EX 65INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . EX 66PROJECT — WORKSHEET WITH FORMULAS

AND FUNCTIONS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . EX 66Overview. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . EX 68

ENTERING THE TITLES AND NUMBERS INTO THE WORKSHEET . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . EX 71

ENTERING FORMULAS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . EX 74To Enter a Formula Using the Keyboard. . . . . . . . . . . . EX 75Arithmetic Operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . EX 76Order of Operations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . EX 77To Enter Formulas Using Point Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . EX 77To Copy Formulas Using the Fill Handle . . . . . . . . . . . . EX 80

OPTION BUTTONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . EX 82USING THE AVERAGE, MAX, AND MIN FUNCTIONS . . . . . . . EX 84

To Determine the Average of a Range of Numbers Using the Keyboard and Mouse . . . . . EX 84

To Determine the Highest Number in a Range of Numbers Using the Insert Function Box. . . . . . . EX 86

To Determine the Lowest Number in a Range of Numbers Using the Sum Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . EX 87

To Copy a Range of Cells Across Columns to an Adjacent Range Using the Fill Handle . . . . . EX 89

VERIFYING FORMULAS USING RANGE FINDER . . . . . . . . . . . EX 91To Verify a Formula Using Range Finder . . . . . . . . . . . EX 91

FORMATTING THE WORKSHEET . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . EX 92To Change the Workbook Theme . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . EX 94To Change the Background Color and Apply a

Box Border to the Worksheet Title and Subtitle . . EX 96To Format Dates and Center Data in Cells . . . . . . . . . . EX 98Formatting Numbers Using the Ribbon . . . . . . . . . . . EX 100To Apply an Accounting Number Format and

Comma Style Format Using the Ribbon . . . . . . . . EX 100To Apply a Currency Style Format with

a Floating Dollar Sign Using the Format Cells Dialog Box . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . EX 102

To Apply a Percent Style Format and Use the Increase Decimal Button . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . EX 103

Conditional Formatting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . EX 104To Apply Conditional Formatting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . EX 104Conditional Formatting Operators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . EX 107Changing the Widths of Columns

and Heights of Rows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . EX 107To Change the Widths of Columns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . EX 107To Change the Heights of Rows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . EX 110

CHECKING SPELLING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . EX 112To Check Spelling on the Worksheet . . . . . . . . . . . . . EX 112Additional Spell Checker Considerations . . . . . . . . . . EX 113

PREPARING TO PRINT THE WORKSHEET. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . EX 114To Change the Worksheet’s Margins, Header,

and Orientation in Page Layout View . . . . . . . . . EX 114PRINTING THE WORKSHEET . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . EX 117

To Print a Section of the Worksheet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . EX 118

DISPLAYING AND PRINTING THE FORMULAS VERSION OF THE WORKSHEET . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . EX 119

To Display the Formulas in the Worksheet and Fit the Printout on One Page . . . . . . . . . . . . . EX 119

CHAPTER SUMMARY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . EX 121LEARN IT ONLINE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . EX 122APPLY YOUR KNOWLEDGE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . EX 122EXTEND YOUR KNOWLEDGE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . EX 124MAKE IT RIGHT. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . EX 125IN THE LAB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . EX 126CASES AND PLACES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . EX 134

CHAPTER 3What-If Analysis, Charting, and

Working with Large Worksheets . . . . EX 137OBJECTIVES. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . EX 137INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . EX 138PROJECT — FINANCIAL PROJECTION WORKSHEET

WITH WHAT-IF ANALYSIS AND CHART . . . . . . . . . . . . . . EX 138Overview. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . EX 141

ROTATING TEXT AND USING THE FILL HANDLE TO CREATE A SERIES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . EX 144

To Rotate Text and Use the Fill Handle to Create a Series of Month Names. . . . . . . . . . . . . . EX 145

Using the Auto Fill Options Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . EX 148To Increase Column Widths . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . EX 149To Enter Row Titles. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . EX 150

COPYING A RANGE OF CELLS TO A NONADJACENT DESTINATION AREA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . EX 151

To Copy a Range of Cells to a Nonadjacent Destination Area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . EX 151

Using the Paste Options Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . EX 152Using Drag and Drop to Move or Copy Cells . . . . . . . EX 153Using Cut and Paste to Move Cells . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . EX 154

INSERTING AND DELETING CELLS IN A WORKSHEET. . . . . . EX 154To Insert a Row. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . EX 154Inserting Columns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . EX 156Inserting Single Cells or a Range of Cells . . . . . . . . . . EX 156Deleting Columns and Rows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . EX 156To Enter Numbers with Format Symbols. . . . . . . . . . . EX 156To Freeze Column and Row Titles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . EX 157To Enter and Format the System Date . . . . . . . . . . . . EX 159

ABSOLUTE VERSUS RELATIVE ADDRESSING . . . . . . . . . . . . EX 162To Enter a Formula Containing Absolute

Cell References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . EX 162MAKING DECISIONS — THE IF FUNCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . EX 164

To Enter an IF Function . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . EX 165To Copy Formulas with Absolute Cell References

Using the Fill Handle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . EX 168Nested Forms of the IF Function . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . EX 170

ADDING AND FORMATTING SPARKLINE CHARTS . . . . . . . . EX 170To Add a Sparkline Chart to the Worksheet. . . . . . . . EX 170To Format and Copy the Sparkline Chart . . . . . . . . . . EX 171

FORMATTING THE WORKSHEET . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . EX 173To Assign Formats to Nonadjacent Ranges . . . . . . . . . EX 174To Format the Worksheet Titles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . EX 176To Copy a Cell’s Format Using the Format

Painter Button . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . EX 178ADDING A 3-D PIE CHART TO THE WORKBOOK . . . . . . . . . EX 180

To Draw a 3-D Pie Chart on a Separate Chart Sheet. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . EX 182

To Insert a Chart Title and Data Labels . . . . . . . . . . . . EX 183

To Rotate the 3-D Pie Chart . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . EX 186To Apply a 3-D Format to the Pie Chart . . . . . . . . . . . EX 188To Explode the 3-D Pie Chart and Change

the Color of a Slice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . EX 190RENAMING AND REORDERING THE SHEETS

AND COLORING THEIR TABS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . EX 193To Reorder the Sheet Tabs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . EX 194

CHANGING THE VIEW OF THE WORKSHEET . . . . . . . . . . . . EX 196To Shrink and Magnify the View

of a Worksheet or Chart . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . EX 196To Split a Window into Panes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . EX 198

WHAT-IF ANALYSIS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . EX 199To Analyze Data in a Worksheet by

Changing Values . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . EX 200To Goal Seek . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . EX 200Goal Seeking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . EX 202

CHAPTER SUMMARY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . EX 203LEARN IT ONLINE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . EX 204APPLY YOUR KNOWLEDGE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . EX 204EXTEND YOUR KNOWLEDGE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . EX 206MAKE IT RIGHT. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . EX 208IN THE LAB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . EX 209CASES AND PLACES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . EX 221

Microsoft Access 2010CHAPTER 1Databases and Database Objects:

An Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AC 1OBJECTIVES. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AC 1INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AC 2PROJECT — DATABASE CREATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AC 2

Overview. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AC 4DESIGNING A DATABASE. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AC 6

Database Requirements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AC 6Naming Tables and Fields . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AC 8Identifying the Tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AC 8Determining the Primary Keys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AC 8Determining Additional Fields . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AC 8Determining and Implementing Relationships

Between the Tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AC 9Determining Data Types for the Fields . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AC 9Identifying and Removing Redundancy . . . . . . . . . . . . AC 10

CREATING A DATABASE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AC 13THE ACCESS WINDOW. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AC 15

Navigation Pane and Access Work Area . . . . . . . . . . . . AC 15CREATING A TABLE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AC 15

To Modify the Primary Key . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AC 16To Defi ne the Remaining Fields in a Table . . . . . . . . . . AC 19Making Changes to the Structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AC 20To Save a Table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AC 21To View the Table in Design View. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AC 21Checking the Structure in Design View . . . . . . . . . . . . AC 22To Close the Table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AC 23To Add Records to a Table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AC 23Making Changes to the Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AC 25Starting Access and Opening a Database . . . . . . . . . . . AC 27To Add Additional Records to a Table . . . . . . . . . . . . . AC 28To Resize Columns in a Datasheet. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AC 29

PREVIEWING AND PRINTING THE CONTENTS OF A TABLE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AC 30

To Preview and Print the Contents of a Table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AC 31

xii Contents Discovering Computers & Microsoft Offi ce 2010

Discovering Computers & Microsoft Offi ce 2010 Contents xiii

CREATING ADDITIONAL TABLES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AC 32To Create a Table in Design View . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AC 33Correcting Errors in the Structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AC 37

IMPORTING DATA FROM OTHER APPLICATIONS TO ACCESS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AC 38

To Import an Excel Worksheet. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AC 38ADDITIONAL DATABASE OBJECTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AC 42

To Use the Simple Query Wizard to Create a Query . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AC 43

Using Queries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AC 45To Use a Criterion in a Query. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AC 46To Print the Results of a Query . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AC 48Creating and Using Forms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AC 48To Create a Form . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AC 48Using a Form . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AC 50Creating and Printing Reports. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AC 51To Create a Report . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AC 52Using Layout View in a Report . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AC 53To Modify Column Headings and Resize Columns. . . . AC 54To Add Totals to a Report . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AC 57

DATABASE PROPERTIES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AC 58To Change Database Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AC 59

SPECIAL DATABASE OPERATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AC 60Backup and Recovery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AC 60Compacting and Repairing a Database . . . . . . . . . . . . AC 61Additional Operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AC 62

CHAPTER SUMMARY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AC 63LEARN IT ONLINE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AC 63APPLY YOUR KNOWLEDGE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AC 64EXTEND YOUR KNOWLEDGE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AC 65MAKE IT RIGHT. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AC 66IN THE LAB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AC 66CASES AND PLACES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AC 72

CHAPTER 2Querying a Database . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AC 73OBJECTIVES. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AC 73INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AC 74PROJECT — QUERYING A DATABASE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AC 74

Overview. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AC 76CREATING QUERIES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AC 77

To Create a Query in Design View. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AC 78To Add Fields to the Design Grid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AC 79Determining Criteria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AC 80To Use Text Data in a Criterion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AC 80Using Saved Queries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AC 82To Use a Wildcard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AC 83To Use Criteria for a Field Not Included in

the Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AC 85Creating a Parameter Query . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AC 86To Create and View a Parameter Query . . . . . . . . . . . . AC 87To Use a Parameter Query . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AC 89To Use a Number in a Criterion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AC 90To Use a Comparison Operator in a Criterion . . . . . . . AC 91Using Compound Criteria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AC 92To Use a Compound Criterion Involving AND . . . . . . . AC 92To Use a Compound Criterion Involving OR. . . . . . . . . AC 93Special Criteria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AC 94

SORTING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AC 94To Clear the Design Grid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AC 95To Sort Data in a Query . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AC 96To Omit Duplicates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AC 97

To Sort on Multiple Keys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AC 98To Create a Top-Values Query . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AC 99

JOINING TABLES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AC 100To Join Tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AC 102To Change Join Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AC 105To Create a Report Involving a Join . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AC 106

CREATING A FORM FOR A QUERY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AC 108To Create a Form for a Query . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AC 109Using a Form . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AC 110

EXPORTING DATA FROM ACCESS TO OTHER APPLICATIONS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AC 110

To Export Data to Excel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AC 111Text Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AC 113

ADDING CRITERIA TO A JOIN QUERY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AC 114To Restrict the Records in a Join . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AC 115

CALCULATIONS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AC 115To Use a Calculated Field in a Query. . . . . . . . . . . . . . AC 116To Change a Caption . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AC 118To Calculate Statistics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AC 119To Use Criteria in Calculating Statistics . . . . . . . . . . . . AC 121To Use Grouping. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AC 122

CROSSTAB QUERIES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AC 123To Create a Crosstab Query . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AC 124To Customize the Navigation Pane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AC 127

CHAPTER SUMMARY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AC 128LEARN IT ONLINE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AC 129APPLY YOUR KNOWLEDGE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AC 129EXTEND YOUR KNOWLEDGE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AC 130MAKE IT RIGHT. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AC 131IN THE LAB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AC 132CASES AND PLACES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AC 135

Appendix AProject Planning Guidelines . . . . . . . . . . . APP 1USING PROJECT PLANNING GUIDELINES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . APP 1

Determine the Project’s Purpose . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . APP 1Analyze Your Audience . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . APP 1Gather Possible Content . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . APP 2Determine What Content to Present

to Your Audience . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . APP 2SUMMARY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . APP 2

Appendix BPublishing Offi ce 2010 Web Pages

Online . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . APP 3Using an Offi ce Program to Publish

Offi ce 2010 Web Pages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . APP 3

Appendix CSaving to the Web Using Windows

Live DkyDrive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . APP 5INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . APP 5

To Save a File to Windows Live SkyDrive . . . . . . . . . . . APP 6Web Apps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . APP 8To Download a File from Windows Live SkyDrive . . . . APP 9Collaboration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . APP 12

INDEX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . IND 1CREDITS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . IND 31QUICK REFERENCE SUMMARY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . QR 1

The Shelly Cashman Series® offers the fi nest textbooks in computer education. This book is intended to provide instructors and students with a singular textbook that meets the needs of the combined computer concepts and Microsoft Offi ce 2010 application course.

The early chapters of Discovering Computers & Microsoft Offi ce 2010: A Fundamental Combined Approach present introductory computer subjects in an educationally sound, highly visual, and easy-to-follow pedagogy. The computer concepts chapters are followed by an introduction to Microsoft Offi ce 2010 with the Shelly Cashman’s step-by-step, screen-by-screen, project-oriented approach. This combination of concepts and applica-tions coverage designed by the renowned Shelly Cashman Series author team provides the ultimate solution for the introductory computing course.

Objectives of This TextbookDiscovering Computers & Microsoft Offi ce 2010: A Fundamental Combined Approach is intended for a full-semester, introductory course that includes an introduction to both computer concepts and Microsoft Offi ce 2010. No experience with a computer is assumed, and no mathematics beyond the high school freshman level is required. The objectives of this book are:

• To provide a concise introduction to computers

• To present the most up-to-date technology in an ever-changing discipline

Preface

xvi Preface Discovering Computers & Microsoft Offi ce 2010

• To teach the fundamentals of computers and computer nomenclature, particularly with respect to personal computers, software, and the Web

• To present the material in a visually appealing and exciting manner that motivates students to learn

• To present strategies for purchasing a desktop computer, notebook computer, smart phone, portable media player, and digital camera

• To offer an introduction to the following Microsoft products: Windows 7, Internet Explorer 8, Word 2010, PowerPoint 2010, Excel 2010, and Access 2010

• To expose students to practical examples of the computer as a useful tool

• To acquaint students with the proper procedures to use a computer; interact with the Web; and create documents, presentations, worksheets, and databases suitable for coursework, professional purposes, and personal use

• To help students discover the underlying functionality of Microsoft Offi ce 2010 so that they can become more productive

• To develop an exercise-oriented approach that allows learning by doing

• To offer alternative learning techniques and reinforcement via the Web

• To offer distance-education providers a textbook with a meaningful and exercise-rich MS Offi ce 2010 and Concepts CourseMate solution

The Shelly Cashman ApproachTo date, more than six million students have learned about computers using a Discovering Computers textbook. Our series of Microsoft Offi ce 4.3, Microsoft Offi ce 95, Microsoft Offi ce 97, Microsoft Offi ce 2000, Microsoft Offi ce XP, Microsoft Offi ce 2003, Microsoft Offi ce 2007, and Microsoft Offi ce 2010 textbooks have been the most widely used books in education. Features of this book include:

• A Proven Pedagogy Careful explanations of computer concepts and applications, educationally-sound elements, and reinforcement highlight this proven method of presentation.

• A Visually Appealing Book that Maintains Student Interest The latest technology, pictures, drawings, and text are combined artfully to produce a visually appealing and easy-to-understand book. Many of the fi gures include a step-by-step presentation, which simplifi es the more complex computer concepts and application techniques.

• Extensive End-of-Chapter Student Assignments A notable strength of this book is the extensive student assignments and activities at the end of each chapter. Well-structured student assignments can make the difference between students merely participating in a class and students retaining the information they learn.

DISTINGUISHING FEATURES OF DISCOVERING COMPUTERS—SELECTED CHAPTERS FROM

FUNDAMENTALS, 2012 EDITION

• Innovative Computing Innovative Computing boxes engage students with examples of how particular technologies are used in creative ways, and Computer Usage @ Work boxes describe how computers are utilized in fi ve different professional industries.

• At the Movies videos CNET At the Movies videos highlight current technology events of interest to students, involving them in the constant evolution of the computing world.

• Learn It Online The Learn It Online end-of-chapter exercises, which include online videos, practice tests, interactive labs, learning games, and Web-based activities, offer a wealth of online reinforcement.

• Problem Solving The Problem Solving and Collaboration end-of-chapter exercises tackle everyday computer problems and put the information presented in each chapter to practical use.

DISTINGUISHING FEATURES OF MICROSOFT OFFICE 2010

• Project Orientation Each chapter in the book presents a project with a practical problem and complete solution using an easy-to-understand approach.

• Step-by-Step, Screen-by-Screen Instructions Each of the tasks required to complete a project is clearly identifi ed throughout the chapter. Now, the step-by-step instruc-tions provide a context beyond point-and-click. Each step explains why students are performing a task, or the result of performing a certain action. Found on the screens accompanying each step, call-outs give students the information they need to know when they need to know it. We have used color to distinguish the content in the call-outs. The Explanatory call-outs (in black) summarize what is happening on the screen, and the Navigational call-outs (in red) show students where to click.

• Learn It Online Every chapter features a Learn It Online section that is comprised of six exercises. These exercises include True/False, Multiple Choice, and Short Answer; Flash Cards; Practice Test; Who Wants To Be a Computer Genius?; Wheel of Terms; and Crossword Puzzle Challenge.

• Make It Right This exercise requires students to analyze a document, identify errors and issues, and correct those errors and issues using skills learned in the chapter.

• In the Lab Three in-depth assignments per chapter require students to utilize the chapter concepts and techniques to solve problems on a computer.

• NEW! Expanded Offi ce 2010 Coverage This edition includes additional coverage of Word 2010, PowerPoint 2010, and Excel 2010—an extra chapter for each of these three applications.

NEW! MS Offi ce 2010 and Concepts CourseMateThe content in the MS Offi ce 2010 and Concepts CourseMate Web site for Discovering Computers & Microsoft Offi ce 2010 is integrated into each page of the text. It gives students easy access to current information on important topics, reinforcement activities, and alternative learning techniques. Integrating this digital solution into the classroom keeps today’s students engaged and involved in the learning experience. For each computer concepts chapter in the text, students can access a variety of interactive Quizzes and Learning Games, Exercises, Web Links, Videos, and other features that specifi cally reinforce and build on the concepts presented in the chapter. For each Microsoft Offi ce chapter, students can practice the skills they have learned with the Learn It Online exercises, including chapter reinforcement, practice tests, fl ash cards, learning games, and more. Additionally, students can view 380 Microsoft Offi ce 2010 videos that dynamically illustrate the step-by-step instructions found in the text. The interactive e-book and hands-on activities encourage students to take learning into their own hands and explore related content in which they are especially interested. With all of these resources, the MS Offi ce 2010 and Concepts CourseMate enables students to get more comfortable using technology and applications. For instructors, it allows easy assessment of students’ knowledge through Engagement Tracker reports.

Discovering Computers & Microsoft Offi ce 2010 Preface xvii

Instructor ResourcesThe Instructor Resources include both teaching and testing aids and can be accessed via CD-ROM or at login.cengage.com.

INSTRUCTOR’S MANUAL Includes lecture notes summarizing the chapter sections, fi gures and boxed elements found in every chapter, teacher tips, classroom activities, lab activities, and quick quizzes in Microsoft Word fi les.

LECTURE SUCCESS SYSTEM Includes intermediate fi les that correspond to certain fi gures in the book, which allow you to step through the creation of a project in a chapter during a lecture without entering large amounts of data.

SYLLABUS Contains easily customizable sample syllabi that cover policies, assignments, exams, and other course information.

FIGURE FILES Illustrations for every fi gure in the textbook are available in electronic form. Figures are provided both with and without callouts.

POWERPOINT PRESENTATIONS A one-click-per-slide presentation system provides PowerPoint slides for every subject in each chapter. Several computer-related video clips are available for optional presentation. Presentations are based on chapter objectives.

SOLUTIONS TO EXERCISES Includes solutions for all end-of-chapter exercises. Also includes Tip Sheets, which are suggested starting points for the Problem Solving exercises in the concepts chapters, and chapter reinforcement solutions for the Microsoft Offi ce 2010 chapters.

RUBRICS AND ANNOTATED SOLUTION FILES Grading rubrics provide a customizable framework for assigning point values to the laboratory exercises. Annotated solution fi les correspond to the grading rubrics to make it easy for you to compare students’ results with the correct solutions whether you receive their homework as hard copy or via e-mail.

TEST BANK AND TEST ENGINE Test Banks include 112 questions for every chapter, featuring objective-based and critical-thinking question types, and include page number references and fi gure references, when appropriate. Also included is the test engine, ExamView, the ultimate tool for your objective-based testing needs.

PRINTED TEST BANK A Rich Text Format (.rtf) version of the test bank you can print.

LAB TESTS/TEST OUT Parallel to the Microsoft Offi ce 2010 In the Lab assignments, these can be used for testing students in the laboratory on the chapter material or for testing students out of the course.

DATA FILES FOR STUDENTS Includes all the fi les that are required by students to complete the exercises.

ADDITIONAL ACTIVITIES FOR STUDENTS Consists of Chapter Reinforcement Exercises for the Microsoft Offi ce 2010 chapters, which are true/false, multiple-choice, and short answer questions that help students gain confi dence in the material learned.

Content for Online Learning Course Technology has partnered with the leading distance learning solution providers and class-management platforms today. To access this material, instructors will visit our password-protected instructor resources available at login.cengage.com. Instructor resources include the following: additional case projects, sample syllabi, PowerPoint presentations per chapter, and more. For additional information or for an instructor user name and password, please contact your sales representative. For students to access this material, they must have purchased a WebTutor PIN-code specifi c to this title and your campus platform. The resources for students may include (based on instructor preferences), but are not limited to: topic review, review questions, and practice tests.

xviii Preface Discovering Computers & Microsoft Offi ce 2010

SAM: Skills Assessment Manager SAM 2010 is designed to help bring students from the classroom to the real world. It allows students to train on and test important computer skills in an active, hands-on environment.

SAM’s easy-to-use system includes powerful interactive exams, training, and projects on the most commonly used Microsoft Offi ce applications. SAM simulates the Microsoft Offi ce 2010

application environment, allowing students to demonstrate their knowledge and think through the skills by performing real-world tasks such as bolding word text or setting up slide transitions. Add in live-in-the-application projects, and students are on their way to truly learning and applying skills to business-centric documents.

Designed to be used with the Shelly Cashman Series, SAM includes handy page references so that students can print helpful study guides that match the Shelly Cashman textbooks used in class. For instructors, SAM also includes robust scheduling and reporting features.

CourseNotes

Course Technology’s CourseNotes are six-panel quick reference cards that reinforce the most important and widely used features of a software application in a visual and user-friendly format. CourseNotes serve as a great reference tool during and after the student completes the course. CourseNotes are available for software applications such as Microsoft Offi ce 2010, Word 2010, Excel 2010, Access 2010, PowerPoint 2010, and Windows 7. Topic-based CourseNotes are available for Best Practices in Social Networking, Hot Topics in Technology, and Web 2.0. Visit www.cengagebrain.comto learn more!

A Guided TourAdd excitement and interactivity to your classroom with “A Guided Tour” product line. Play one of the brief mini-movies to spice up your lecture and spark classroom discussion. Or, assign a movie for homework and ask students to complete the correlated assignment that accompanies each topic. “A Guided Tour” product line takes the prep work out of providing your students with information about new technologies and applications and helps keep students engaged with content relevant to their lives—all in under an hour!

Discovering Computers & Microsoft Offi ce 2010 Preface xix

About Our CoversThe Shelly Cashman Series is continually updating our approach and content to refl ect the way today’s students learn and experience new technology. This focus on student success is refl ected on our covers, which feature real students from Bryant University using the Shelly Cashman Series in their courses, and refl ect the varied ages and backgrounds of the students learning with our books. When you use the Shelly Cashman Series, you can be assured that you are learning computer skills using the most effective courseware available.

24 Chapter 1 Introduction to Computers

EducationEducation is the process of acquiring know ledge. In

the traditional model, people learn from other people such as parents, teachers, and employers. Many forms of printed mat erial such as books and manuals are used as learning tools. Today, educators also are turning to computers to assist with education (Figure 1-31).

Many schools and companies equip labs and class-rooms with computers. Some schools require students to have a mobile computer or mobile device to access the school’s network or Internet wirelessly.

Students use software to assist with learning or to complete assignments. To promote education by computer, many vendors offer substantial student discounts on software.

Enterprise users work with word processing, spreadsheet, database, and presentation software. They also may use calendar programs to post their schedules on the network. And, they might use smart phones or other mobile devices to maintain contact information. E-mail programs and Web browsers enable communications among employees, vendors, and customers.

Many employees of enterprises today telecommute. Telecommuting is a work arrangement in which employees work away from a company’s standard workplace and often communicate with the office through the computer. Employees who telecommute have flexible work schedules so that they can combine work and personal responsibilities, such as child care.

Computer Applications in Society

The computer has changed society today as much as the industrial revolution changed society in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries.

People interact directly with computers in fields such as education, finance, government, health care, science, publishing, travel, and manufacturing. In addition, they can reap the benefits from breakthroughs and advances in these fields. The following pages describe how computers have made a difference in people’s interactions with these disciplines. Read Looking Ahead 1-1 for a look at how embedded computers may improve the quality of life.

Figure 1-31 In some schools, students have mobile computers on their desks during classroom lectures.

Embedded Computers May Improve Quality of LifeThe weather forecast may be as close as your fingertips if plans to integrate embedded computers in everyday objects become a reality. Researchers are envisioning an umbrella with an embedded cell phone

in the handle that will dial and then download the local forecast. The handle will glow green for good weather and flash red for imminent storms.

Dancers can pin a small flower with an embedded motion-detecting computer to their clothes. When they move, the embedded computer senses action and then synchronizes the tempo of music to this movement. Other embedded computers woven into clothing can monitor heart and breathing rates.

Wearing hidden embedded computers can help the elderly and people recovering from accidents and surgeries monitor their walking stride and pace. When their steps

are uneven, the embedded computer can sound a warning and perhaps prevent a fall. Other embedded computers can give subtle feedback on the quality of physical activity.

For more information, visit the Microsoft Office and Concepts CourseMate Web site at www.cengagebrain.com,navigate to the Chapter 1 Looking Ahead resource for this book, and then click Embedded Computers.

LOOKING AHEAD 1-1

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Enterprise ComputingFor more information, visit the Microsoft Office and Concepts CourseMate Web site at www.cengagebrain.com, navigate to the Chapter 1 Web Link resource for this book, and then click Enterprise Computing.

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14 Chapter 1 Introduction to Computers

Categories of Computers

Industry experts typically classify computers in seven categories: personal computers (desktop), mobile computers and mobile devices, game consoles, servers, mainframes, supercomputers, and embedded computers. A computer’s size, speed, processing power, and price determine the category it best fits. Due to rapidly changing technology, however, the distinction among categories is not always clear-cut. This trend of computers and devices with technologies that overlap, called convergence, leads to computer manufacturers continually releasing newer models that include similar functionality and features. For example, newer cell phones often include media player, camera, and Web browsing capa-bilities. As devices converge, users need fewer devices for the functionality that they require. When consumers replace outdated computers and devices, they should dispose of them properly (read Ethics & Issues 1-2 for a related discussion).

Figure 1-12 summarizes the seven categories of computers. The following pages discuss computers and devices that fall in each category.

Instructions: Find the true statement below. Then, rewrite the remaining false statements so that they are true.

1. A resource is a collection of computers and devices connected together via communications devices and transmission media.

2. Installing is the process of setting up software to work with the computer, printer, and other hardware.

3. Popular system software includes Web browsers, word processing software, spreadsheet software, database software, and presentation software.

4. The Internet is one of the more popular services on the Web.

5. Two types of application software are the operating system and utility programs.

Quiz Yourself Online: To further check your knowledge of pages 8 through 13, visit the Microsoft Office and Concepts CourseMate Web site at www.cengagebrain.com, navigate to the Chapter 1 Quiz Yourself resource for this book, and then click Objectives 4 – 5.

QUIZ YOURSELF 1-2

ETHICS & ISSUES 1-2

Experts estimate that about one billion computers have been dis-carded to date. The discarded items often are known as e-waste. As tech nology advances and prices fall, many people think of computers, cell phones, and portable media players as disposable items. These items often contain several toxic elements, including lead, mercury, and barium. Computers and mobile devices thrown into landfills or burned in incinerators can pol-lute the ground and the air. A vast amount of e-waste ends up pol-luting third world countries. One solution is to recycle old electronic equipment, but the recycling effort has made little progress especially when compared to recycling pro-grams for paper, glass, and plastic.

Some lawmakers prefer an aggressive approach, such as setting up a recycling program that would be paid for by add-ing a $10 fee to the purchase price of computers and computer equipment, or forcing computer manufacturers to be responsible for collecting and recycling their products. California already requires a recycling fee for any products sold that include certain electronic equipment. Manufacturers have taken steps, such as offering to recycle old computers and using energy efficient and environmentally friendly manufacturing techniques, but some claim that consumers should bear the responsibility of disposing of their old computer parts. While some companies have

set up recycling programs, many claim that forcing them to bear the cost of recycling programs puts the company at a competitive disad-vantage when compared to foreign companies that may not be forced to maintain a recycling program.

Why is electronics recycling not as popular as other types of recycling? How can companies make it easier to recycle electronics while being compensated fairly for the cost of recycling? Should the govern-ment, manufacturers, or users be responsible for recycling of obso-lete equipment? Why? Should the government mandate a recycling program for electronics? Why or why not?

Should Recycling of Electronics Be Made Easier?

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EducationEducatio

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26 Chapter 1 Introduction to Computers

• Computers and computerized devices assist doctors, nurses, and technicians with medical tests (Figure 1-34).

• Computers monitor patients’ vital signs in hospital rooms and at home.

• Surgeons implant computerized devices, such as pacemakers, that allow patients to live longer.

• Surgeons use computer-controlled devices to provide them with greater precision during operations, such as for laser eye surgery and robot-assisted heart surgery.

Two forms of long-distance health care are telemedicine and telesurgery. Through telemedicine, health-care professionals in separate locations conduct live conferences on the computer. For example, a doctor at one location can have a conference with a doctor at another location to discuss a bone X-ray. Live images of each doctor, along with the X-ray, are displayed on each doctor’s computer.

With telesurgery, a surgeon performs an operation on a patient who is not located in the same physical room as the surgeon. Telesurgery enables surgeons to direct robots to perform an operation via computers connected to a high-speed network.

ScienceAll branches of science, from biology to astronomy to meteorology, use computers to assist them

with collecting, analyzing, and modeling data. Scientists also use the Internet to communicate with colleagues around the world.

Breakthroughs in surgery, medicine, and treatments often result from scientists’ use of computers. Tiny computers now imitate functions of the central nervous system, retina of the eye, and cochlea of the ear. A cochlear implant allows a deaf person to listen. Electrodes implanted in the brain stop tremors associated with Parkinson’s disease. Cameras small enough to swallow — sometimes called a camera pill — take pictures inside your body to detect polyps, cancer, and other abnormalities (Figure 1-35).

Figure 1-34 Doctors, nurses, technicians, and other medical staff use computers and computerized devices to assist with medical tests.

Step 1A patient swallows a tiny capsule that contains a miniature disposable camera, lights, a transmitter, and batteries. Thecamera is positioned at the clear end of the capsule.

Step 2As the capsule moves through the inside of thepatient’s body, the camera snaps about 50,000 pictures, which are transmitted to a recording device worn as a belt on the patient’s waist.

Step 3The doctor transfers the data on the recording device to a computer so that it can be processed and analyzed.

How a Camera Pill Works

Figure 1-35 This figure shows how a camera pill works.

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1414 Chapter 1 Ch 1 Introduction to ComputersI d i C

Instructions: Find the true statement below. Then, rewrite the remaining fals

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QUIZ YOURSEQUIZ YOURSELF 1-2LF 1-2

18 Chapter 1 Introduction to Computers

Portable media players usually include a set of earbuds, which are small speakers that rest inside each ear canal. Some portable media players have a touch screen; others have a touch-sensitive pad that you operate with a thumb or finger, to navigate through digital media, adjust volume, and customize settings.

Digital Cameras A digital camera is a device that allows users to take pictures and store the photographed images digitally, instead of on traditional film (Figure 1-20). Although digital cam-eras usually have some amount of internal storage to hold images, most users store images on small storage media such as memory cards. Digital cameras typically allow users to review, and sometimes modify, images while they are in the camera.

Often users prefer to download images from the digital camera to the computer. Or, you can remove the storage media such as a memory card from the digital camera and insert it in a card reader in or attached to the computer.

Game Consoles

A game console is a mobile computing device designed for single-player or multiplayer video games (Figure 1-21). Standard game consoles use a handheld controller(s) as an input device(s); a television screen as an output device; and hard disks, optical discs, and/or memory cards for storage. The compact size and light weight of game consoles make them easy to use at home, in the car, in a hotel, or any location that has an electrical outlet. Three popular models are Microsoft’s Xbox 360, Nintendo’s Wii (pronounced wee), and Sony’s PlayStation 3. Read Innovative Computing 1-1 for a look at how Nintendo Wii applications are being used in the medical field.

A handheld game console is small enough to fit in one hand. With the handheld game console, the controls, screen, and speakers are built into the device. Some models use cartridges to store games; others use a memory card or a miniature optical disc. Many handheld game consoles can communicate wire-lessly with other similar consoles for multiplayer gaming. Two popular models are Nintendo DS Lite and Sony’s PlayStation Portable (PSP).

In addition to gaming, many game console mod-els allow users to listen to music, watch movies, keep fit, and connect to the Internet.

Digital CamerasFor more information, visit the Microsoft Office and Concepts CourseMate Web site at www.cengagebrain.com, navigate to the Chapter 1 Web Link resource for this book, and then click Digital Cameras.

Wii a Welcome Medical Skill BuilderA patient awaiting laparoscopic procedures may be less tense knowing that the surgeons have honed their dexterity and coordination using a Nintendo Wii. Preliminary studies have found that doctors can improve their fine

motor control by playing video games that emphasize sub-tle hand movements used in minimally invasive surgeries. Researchers are developing Wii surgery simulators

that will allow doctors to practice their skills at home or in break rooms at hospitals.

The Wii game system is finding a medical home in other nontraditional places. Physical therapists urge arthritic patients to use Wiihabilitation to build endurance and increase their range of motion. Therapeutic recreation with the Wii’s sports games may help patients recovering from strokes, fractures, and combat injuries.

Researchers in a testing lab in California are experimenting with using the Wii’s motion- activated controls in non-gaming applications, such as allowing doctors to explain X-ray images to patients.

For more information, visit the Microsoft Office and Concepts CourseMate Web site at www.cengagebrain.com, navigate to the Chapter 1 Innovative Computing resource for this book, and then click Medical Wii.

INNOVATIVE COMPUTING 1-1

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Figure 1-21 Game consoles provide hours of video game entertainment.

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Figure 1-20 With a digital camera, users can view photographed images immediately through a small screen on the camera to see if the picture is worth keeping.

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Textbook Walk-ThroughDiscovering Computers—Selected Chapters from Fundamentals, 2012 Edition

Step Figures present the more complex computer concepts using a step-by-step pedagogy.

Looking Ahead boxes offer a glimpse of the latest advances in computer technology that will be available, usually within fi ve years.

Interactive e-Book Activity Icon Several elements in each chapter are interactive learning activities in the e-book and are identifi ed by this icon.

Web Links provide current information and a different perspective about key terms and concepts by visiting the Web Links found in the margins throughout the book.

Innovative Computing boxes present different and innovative ways of using various technologies and help students learn how computing is applied creatively to solve problems.

CourseMate Icon Visit the MS Offi ce 2010 and Concepts CourseMate Web site for access to many of the interactive chapter elements.

Ethics & Issues boxes raise controversial, computer-related topics of the day, challenging readers to consider closely general concerns of computers in society.

Quiz Yourself boxes help ensure retention by reinforcing sections of the chapter material, rather than waiting for the end of chapter to test. Use the Quiz Yourself boxes for a quick check of the answers, and access additional Quiz Yourself quizzes via the Microsoft Offi ce and Concepts CourseMate Web site.

Introduction to Computers Chapter 1 29

Companies on the Cutting Edge

Online shoppers can find practically any product they desire on Amazon.com. Billing itself as the “Earth’s most customer-centric company,” it offers books, mov-ies, electronics, clothing, toys, and many other items.

Jeff Bezos founded Amazon in 1995 knowing that book lovers would gravitate toward a Web site offering the convenience of browsing through mil-lions of book titles in one sitting. He fulfilled orders for customers in every U.S. state and 45 additional

countries during the first 30 days of business, all shipped from his Seattle-area garage.

The company has grown to permit third parties to sell products on its Web site. Its Kindle portable reader wirelessly downloads more than 450,000 books along with blogs, magazines, and newspapers to a high- resolution electronic paper display. Recently, it launched Kindle Singles, which are Kindle books with up to 30,000 words, the equivalent of two chapters of a typical book.

Apple recently sold a record 5.2 million of its latest iPhone models in one quarter, establishing the com-pany’s appeal to both consumer and corporate cell phone users. Apple is noted for introducing innovative products, starting with the Apple II, which was the first mass- marketed personal computer, in 1977 and the Macintosh, which featured a graphical user interface, in 1984.

Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak founded Apple in 1976 when they marketed the Apple I, a circuit board they

had developed in Jobs’s garage. Under Jobs’s direction as CEO, Apple developed the OS X operating system; iLife for working with photos, music, videos, and Web sites; and iWork, a collection of business programs. Apple also is leading the digital media revolution with its iPod portable media players, iPad tablet computer, and iTunes online store, which is the most popular Web site selling music. More than 10 million downloads occur each day from Apple’s App Store, for a total download count exceeding 7 billion.

APPLE Innovative Industry Products

AMAZON Retailer Focused on Consumers

For more information, visit the Microsoft Office and Concepts CourseMate Web site at www.cengagebrain.com and then navigate to the Chapter 1 Companies on the Cutting Edge resource for this book.

Technology Trailblazers

When Bill Gates stepped down from his day-to-day activities at Microsoft in 2008, his action marked the end of an era that shaped the computer world. He remains the company’s chairman and advisor, but he now devotes much of his time directing the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, a philanthropic organization work-ing to help people worldwide lead healthy, productive lives. His foundation currently is awarding $3 billion in grants to improve education and graduation rates via technology, with an emphasis on online learning.

Gates learned to program computers when he was 13 years old. Early in his career, he developed the BASIC programming language for the MITS Altair, one of the first microcomputers. He founded Microsoft in 1975 with Paul Allen, and five years later they licensed the first operating system, called PC-DOS, to IBM for $80,000. This decision to license, rather than sell, the software is considered one of the wisest business decisions Gates ever made. Today, Microsoft’s Windows and Office products dominate the software market.

BILL GATES Microsoft Founder

Having more than 11 million friends is all in a day’s work for Tom Anderson, the current president and one of the founders of MySpace, one of the world’s largest online social networks. Every MySpace account includes Anderson as a default first friend who is invited to view each personal network.

When Anderson’s own rock group failed, he needed a place to post his songs. He started MySpace in 2003 with his friend, Chris DeWolfe, as a free tool to help

musicians promote their songs and allow music lovers to create their own Web pages devoted to sharing their favorite music with like-minded admirers. Two years later they sold the business to Rupert Murdoch’s News Corporation for $580 million. Anderson graduated from the University of California – Los Angeles in 2001 with a master’s degree in film and from the University of California – Berkeley in 1998 with a bachelor’s degree in English and rhetoric.

For more information, visit the Microsoft Office and Concepts CourseMate Web site at www.cengagebrain.com and then navigate to the Chapter 1 Technology Trailblazers resource for this book.

TOM ANDERSON MySpace Cofounder and President

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Companies on the Cutting Edge and Technology Trailblazers at the end of every chapter present the key computer-related companies and the more famous leaders of the computer industry.

Introduction to Computers Chapter 1 33

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@ Home 1. Incorrect Grade Report Your grade report came in the mail today. On the grade report, your grade point average

(GPA) is not what you expect. After computing it manually, you discover that the GPA on your grade report is incorrect. What might be causing the error?

2. Suspicious Charges Your credit card company called to inform you that your account has a suspicious charge. Upon further investigation, you realize the charge does not belong to you. What steps will you take to correct the problem?

3. Problematic Player After charging your portable media player overnight, you turn it on only to find that it is reporting a low battery. Seconds later, it shuts off automatically. What might be wrong?

4. Inaccessible Media You insert an optical disc with digital photos from your most recent family vacation and discover that your computer will not read the optical disc. What might be wrong?

@ Work5. Insufficient Disk Space Recently, you purchased a USB flash drive that you plan to use to store work-related files. When

you attempt to store a file on the USB flash drive, the computer displays an error message indicating that the file will not fit. How could a brand new USB flash drive not have enough room to store the first file you attempted to store on it?

6. Power Outage The power in your office has been out for the last two hours and has just come back on. When you attempt to start your computer by pressing the power button, nothing happens. What is your next step before calling technical support?

7. Incorrect Login Credentials Upon returning to the office from a well-deserved two-week vacation, you turn on your computer. Upon entering your user name and password, an error message appears stating that your password is incorrect. What are your next steps?

8. Software Installation You are attempting to install a program on your office computer. After inserting the installation disc and specifying that you would like to begin the installation, your computer appears to begin installing the software. Halfway through the installation process, an error message appears stating that you must have administrative privileges to perform the installation. Why were you not informed immediately upon beginning the installation? What are your next steps?

Collaboration 9. Computers in Transportation Your project team has been accepted to present a business proposal to a group of

potential investors. Because the presentation will take place in San Francisco, CA, you will need to transport people and ship some materials to that location. Form a team of three people and determine how to use technology to ship materials and how to make travel arrangements. One team member should research the steps required to use a Web site to make flight reservations, one team member should determine the steps necessary to print a UPS shipping label from their computer and track the package while it is en route, and another team member should find directions from San Francisco International Airport to a nearby hotel.

The Problem Solving exercises extend your knowledge of the chapter concepts by seeking solutions to practical computer problems that you may encounter at home, school, or work. The Collaboration exercise should be completed with a team.

Problem Solving

In the real world, practical problems often can be solved in multiple ways. Provide one solution to each of the following problems using available resources, such as articles on the Web or in print, blogs, podcasts, videos, television, user guides, other individuals, and electronics and computer stores. You may need to use multiple resources to obtain an answer. Present your solutions in the form requested by your instructor (brief report, presentation, discussion, or other means).

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36 Chapter 1 Introduction to Computers

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Web Research

1 Search Sleuth Use one of the search engines listed in Figure 2-8 in Chapter 2 on page 53 or your own favorite search engine to find the answers to the following questions. Copy and paste the Web address from the Web page where you found the answer. Some questions may have more than one answer. If required, submit your answers to your instructor. (1) What company was the first to sell a USB flash drive? (2) What is the significance of the Universal symbol on Apple’s Mac application programs? (3) Which retailers offer to dispose of old comput-ers and other electronic products properly to help protect the environment? (4) What are three Illustrative Grant Commitments the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation has made? (5) According to Fortune, at what com-pany do MBA students most want to work when they graduate? (6) Who created the first set of icons for the Macintosh computer? What sound does her Clarus the Dogcow make? (7) What company manufactured the first notebook computer, the UltraLite, in 1989?

2 Green Computing Computer usage requires electricity, whether to power the system unit and monitor, recharge batteries, or print. In addition, the computer manufacturing process depletes natu-ral resources and often uses toxic chemicals. As you learned in this chapter, many environ-mentally conscious people practice green computing by attempting to reduce electricity and environmental waste. Examine your computing practices, and determine 10 ways that you can use less power on your computing equipment at home, work, and school. Consider how often you use the printer and the types of documents you print. Examine your monitor, system unit, and printer. Do you see any notation indicating they are environmentally sound? Do they hibernate or go into a power save mode when not being used? Write a 50-word summary of the green computing practices in your life.

3 Social Networking One of the more popular social networking Web sites is Facebook. This quickly growing service differentiates itself from other online social networks by having widespread privacy controls. In addition, its development platform, called f8, allows developers to create programs (called applications) that users can add to a Web page. Hostels, for example, lets world travelers research and rate hostels and includes photos and descriptions. Visit the Facebook site (facebook.com), click the About link at the bottom of the page, and then read about Facebook’s features. What are three of Facebook’s top features? What information is given in the recent Facebook blog posts? Visit the AppRate Web site (apprate.com) and then summarize three Facebook application reviews and ratings.

4 Blogs Blogs profiling the music industry discuss new technologies, legal issues, podcasts, and business news. Visit the CNET blog (blogs.cnet.com) and then read and summarize at least three of the articles in the Most Recent Posts section. Locate the Crave, Gaming and Culture, and Green Tech features and then read and summarize at least one story from each blog. Then visit the iLounge (ilounge.com) Web site and read reviews of at least three new products for the iPhone. Would you purchase any of the products discussed? What books and buyer’s guides are available to download from the Library? Which iPod cases and speakers received favorable reviews? Read and summarize at least three stories and associated comments in the News section.

5 Ethics in Action The Internet has increased the ease with which students can plagiarize material for research paper assignments. Teachers are using online services, such as Turnitin and PlagiarismDetect.com, to help detect plagiarized papers and to help students understand how to cite sources correctly. Visit the Turnitin Web site (turnitin.com) and then write a summary of how this service is used. How does this service attempt to prevent plagiarism through the Turnitin Write Cycle? How prevalent is plagiarism on your campus? What is your school’s official policy on disciplining students who submit plagiarized papers? Does your school have an honor code? If required, submit your summary to your instructor.

The Web Research exercises broaden your understanding of the chapter concepts by presenting questions that require you to search the Web for answers.

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Problem Solving and Collaborationexercises tackle everyday computer problems and put the information presented in each chapter to practical use. Students work as a team to solve the Collaboration exercise.

Web Research exercises require follow-up research on the Web and suggest writing a short article or presenting the fi ndings of the research to the class.

Learn It Online exercises, which include At the Movies online CNET videos, practice test, interactive labs, learning games, and Web-based activities, offer a wealth of online reinforcement.

Computer Usage @ Work boxesexplain how computers are used in fi ve different professional industries, including transportation, entertainment, construction, education, and national and local security.

Learn How To end-of-chapter activities allow students to apply the concepts in the chapter to everyday life with hands-on activities. Learn how the Learn How To activities fi t into your life with relevant scenarios, visual demonstrations, and practice questions via the Microsoft Offi ce and Concepts CourseMate Web site.

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34 Chapter 1 Introduction to Computers

The Learn How To activities step you through fundamental technology skills when using a computer. The Learn How To exercises enable you to become more proficient with these skills.

Premium Activity: To relate this Learn How To activity to your everyday life, see a visual demonstration of the activity, and complete a short assessment, visit the Microsoft Office and Concepts CourseMate Web site at www.cengagebrain.com and then navigate to the Chapter 1 Learn How To resource for this book.

Learn How To

Learn How To 1: Create and Use Your Own BlogA blog can contain any information you wish to place in it. Originally, blogs consisted of Web addresses, so that an individual or group with a specific interest could direct others to useful places on the Web. Today, blogs contain addresses, thoughts, diaries, and anything else a person or group wants to share.

Once you have created a blog, you can update it. A variety of services available on the Web can help you create and maintain your blog. One widely used service is called Blogger. To create a blog using Blogger, complete the following steps: 1. Start your Web browser, type blogger.com in the Address bar, and then

press the enter key to display the Blogger home page (Figure 1-39). 2. Click the CREATE A BLOG button on the Blogger home page. 3. Enter the data required on the ‘Create Blogger Account’ page. Your

e-mail address and password will allow you to change and manage your blog. Your Display name is the name that will be shown on the blog as the author of the material on the blog. Many people use their own names, but others use pseudonyms as their “pen names” so that they are not readily identifiable.

4. Click the Continue arrow and then enter your Blog title and Blog address. These are the names and addresses everyone will use to view your blog.

5. Click the Continue arrow to display the ‘Choose a template’ screen. 6. Choose a template for your blog and then click the Continue arrow. 7. Your blog will be created for you. When you see the ‘Your blog has been created!’ screen, click the START BLOGGING

arrow. 8. From the screen that is displayed, you can post items for your blog, specify settings, change the layout, and view

your blog. 9. When you have posted all your information, click the Sign out link at the top right of the screen. You will be logged out. 10. To edit your blog and add or change information on it, visit the Blogger home page and sign in by entering your

user name and password. You will be able to post to your blog. 11. Others can view your blog by entering its address in the browser’s Address bar and then pressing the enter key.

Exercises 1. Start your Web browser and visit blogger.com. Click the ‘Take a quick tour’ link and go through all the screens that explain about a

blog. What did you learn that you did not know? What type of blog do you find most compelling — a group or an individual blog? Why? Submit your answers to your instructor.

2. Optional: Create your own blog. Carefully name it and begin your posts at this time. What is your blog name and address? What is its primary purpose? Is it an individual or group blog? Write a paragraph containing the answers to these questions and any other information you feel is pertinent. Submit this paragraph to your instructor.

Learn How To 2: Use the Microsoft Office and Concepts CourseMate Web Site for Discovering Computers and Microsoft Office 2010The Microsoft Office and Concepts CourseMate Web site for Discovering Computers and Microsoft Office 2010 provides a variety of activities, exercises, and other resources. To use the site, you first establish a user name and password for your student account and then register this book. Perform the following steps to create a student account and register this book: 1. Start the Web browser. 2. Type www.cengagebrain.com in the Address bar of the Web browser and then press the enter key to display the

CengageBrain home page.

Figure 1-39

CREATE A BLOG button

Take a quick tour link

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28 Chapter 1 Introduction to Computers

Chapter Summary

Chapter 1 introduced you to basic computer concepts. You learned about the components of a computer. Next, the chapter discussed networks, the Internet, and computer software. The many different categories of computers, computer users, and com puter applications in society also were presented.

This chapter is an overview. Many of the terms and concepts introduced will be discussed further in later chapters. For information about digital products in our lives, read the Living Digitally feature that follows this chapter.

Instructions: Find the true statement below. Then, rewrite the remaining false statements so that they are true.

1. A desktop computer is a portable, personal computer designed to fit on your lap.

2. A personal computer contains a processor, memory, and one or more input, output, and storage devices.

3. Each enterprise user spends time on the computer for different reasons that include personal financial management, Web access, communications, and entertainment.

4. A home user requires the capabilities of a workstation or other powerful computer.

5. Mainframes are the fastest, most powerful computers — and the most expensive.

6. With embedded computers, users access account balances, pay bills, and copy monthly transactions from the bank’s computer right into their personal computers.

Quiz Yourself Online: To further check your knowledge of pages 14 through 27, visit the Microsoft Office and Concepts CourseMate Web site at www.cengagebrain.com, navigate to the Chapter 1 Quiz Yourself resource for this book, and then click Objectives 6 – 8.

QUIZ YOURSELF 1-3

What is transportation like without computers? Delivery drivers use clipboards to hold their records. Human nav-igators use paper maps to track routes for pilots. Ship captains rely solely on experience to navigate through shallow waters. Today, the transportation industry relies heavily on computer usage.

As presented in this chapter, many vehicles include onboard navigation systems to help you navigate from one location to another. These systems also usually pro-vide other services such as dispatching roadside assis-tance, unlocking the driver’s side door if you lock the keys in your vehicle, and tracking the vehicle if it is stolen.

The shipping and travel industries identify items dur-ing transport using bar codes, which are identification codes that consist of lines and spaces of different lengths. When you ship a package, the shipping company, such as UPS or FedEx, places a bar code on the package to indicate its destination to a computer. Because a package might travel to its destination by way of several trucks, trains, and airplanes, computers automatically route the package as efficiently as possible.

When you travel by airplane, baggage handling sys-tems ensure that your luggage reaches its destination on time. When you check in your baggage at the airport, a bar code identifies the airplane on which the bags should be placed. If you change planes, automated baggage

handling systems route your bags to connecting flights with very little, if any, human intervention. When the bags reach their destination, they are routed automatically to the baggage carousel in the airport’s terminal building.

Pilots of high-technology commercial, military, and space aircraft today work in a glass cockpit, which features computerized instrumentation, navigation, communication, weather reports, and an autopilot. The electronic flight information shown on high-resolution displays is designed to reduce pilot workload, decrease fatigue, and enable pilots to concentrate on flying safely.

Boats and ships also are equipped with computers that include detailed electronic maps, help the captain navigate, as well as calculate the water depth and provide a layout of the underwater surface so that the captain can avoid obstructions.

As you travel the roadways, airways, and waterways, bear in mind that computers often are responsible for helping you to reach your destination as quickly and safely as possible.

For more information, visit the Microsoft Office and Concepts CourseMate Web site at www.cengagebrain.com, navigate to the Chapter 1 Computer Usage @ Work resource for this book, and then click Transportation.

Transportation

Computer Usage @ Work

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Introduction to Computers Chapter 1 35

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3. If you do not have an account, follow the on-screen instructions to sign up for a new student account. If you already have an account, log in with your user name and password.

4. Register this book by entering its Access Code in the appropriate text box and then clicking the corresponding button. 5. To open the resources for this book, click the button corresponding to Microsoft Office and Concepts CourseMate Web

site for Discovering Computers.

Exercise 1a. After creating a student account and registering this book as described in the steps above, start your Web browser, type

www.cengagebrain.com in the Address bar of the browser, and then press the ENTER key to display the CengageBrain home page.

1b. Log in to your student account with your user name and password.

1c. Open the resources for this book by clicking the button corresponding to Microsoft Office and Concepts CourseMate Web site for Discovering Computers.

1d. Select Chapter 1 and then click each resource listed below the chapter title to display the content associated with the selected resource.

1e. Write a report that describes the use of each of the Chapter 1 resources for this book. Which resources do you think will prove the most valuable to you when using the book and the Web site? Why? Submit your report to your instructor.

1 At the Movies — Computer History in a BarnWatch a movie to tour the Digibarn Computer Museum and then answer questions about the movie.

2 Student Edition Labs — Using Input Devices and Using WindowsEnhance your understanding and knowledge about input devices and the Windows operating system by completing the Using Input Devices and Using Windows Labs.

3 Practice TestTake a multiple choice test that checks your knowledge of the chapter concepts and review the resulting study guide.

4 Who Wants To Be a Computer Genius2?Play the Shelly Cashman Series version of this popular game by answering questions to find out if you are a computer genius. Panic buttons are available to provide assistance during game play.

5 Crossword Puzzle ChallengeComplete an interactive crossword puzzle to reinforce concepts presented in this chapter.

6 Windows ExercisesStep through the Windows 7 exercises to learn how to use help, improve mouse skills, and identify computer information.

7 Exploring Computer CareersRead about a career as a computer salesperson, search for relevant employment advertisements, and then answer related questions.

8 Web Apps — Google MapsLearn how to locate businesses in your area, view a location’s surroundings via satellite, and find directions from one location to another using Google Maps.

Learn It Online The Learn It Online exercises are interactive Web exercises designed to reinforce and expand your understanding of the chapter concepts. The descriptions below briefly summarize each exercise.

To complete the Learn It Online exercises, visit the Microsoft Office and Concepts CourseMate Web site at www.cengagebrain.com, navigate to the Chapter 1 resources for this book, click the link for the exercise you want to complete, and then read the instructions.

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Creating, Formatting, and Editing a Word Document with Pictures Word Chapter 1 WD 31

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Find the appropriate graphical image. To use a graphical image, also called a graphic, in a Word document, the image must be stored digitally in a fi le. Files containing graphical images are available from a variety of sources:

Word includes a collection of predefi ned graphical images that you can insert in a document.•

Microsoft has free digital images on the Web for use in a document. Other Web sites also • have images available, some of which are free, while others require a fee.

You can take a picture with a digital camera or camera phone and • download it, which is the process of copying the digital picture from the camera or phone to your computer.

With a scanner, you can convert a printed picture, drawing, or diagram to a digital fi le.•

If you receive a picture from a source other than yourself, do not use the fi le until you are cer-tain it does not contain a virus. A virus is a computer program that can damage fi les and programs on your computer. Use an antivirus program to verify that any fi les you use are virus free.

Plan Ahead

Establish where to position and how to format the graphical image. The content, size, shape, position, and format of a graphic should capture the interest of passersby, enticing them to stop and read the fl yer. Often, the graphic is the center of attrac-tion and visually the largest element on a fl yer. If you use colors in the graphical image, be sure they are part of the document’s color scheme.

Plan Ahead

To Insert a Picture

The next step in creating the fl yer is to insert one of the digital pictures of the dog so that it is centered on the blank line below the headline. The picture, which was taken with a camera phone, is available on the Data Files for Students. See the inside back cover of this book for instructions on downloading the Data Files for Students, or contact your instructor for information about accessing the required fi les.

The following steps insert a centered picture, which, in this example, is located in the Chapter 01 folder in the Word folder in the Data Files for Students folder on a USB fl ash drive.

1

2

Position the insertion • point on the blank line below the headline, which is the location where you want to insert the picture.

Click the Center • button (Home tab | Paragraph group) to center the paragraph that will contain the picture.

Click Insert on the • Ribbon to display the Insert tab (Figure 1– 44).

With your USB fl ash drive connected to one of the computer’s USB ports, click the Insert Picture from File button (Insert tab | • Illustrations group) (shown in Figure 1-44) to display the Insert Picture dialog box (shown in Figure 1-45 on the next page).

Figure 1–44

picture will be inserted on this blank line

groups on Ribbon change to show commands related to inserting, because Insert tab now is active tab

insertion point and paragraph centered

Insert tab

Insert Picture from File button

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Creating, Formatting, and Editing a Word Document with Pictures Word Chapter 1 WD 15

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Formatting Single versus Multiple Paragraphs and Characters

As shown on the previous pages, to format a single paragraph, simply move the insertion point in the paragraph, to make it the current paragraph, and then format the paragraph. Similarly, to format a single word, position the insertion point in the word, to make it the current word, and then format the word.

To format multiple paragraphs or words, however, you fi rst must select the paragraphs or words you want to format and then format the selection. If your screen normally displays dark letters on a light background, which is the default setting in Word, then selected text displays light letters on a dark background.

To Select a Line

The default font size of 11 point is too small for a headline in a fl yer. To increase the font size of the characters in the headline, you fi rst must select the line of text containing the headline. The following steps select a line.

Move the mouse pointer to the left • of the line to be selected (in this case, the headline) until the mouse pointer changes to a right-pointing block arrow (Figure 1–14).

While the mouse pointer is a • right-pointing block arrow, click the mouse to select the entire line to the right of the mouse pointer (Figure 1–15).

1

2 Figure 1–14

Figure 1–15

1. Drag mouse throughline

2. With insertion point at beginning of desired line, press SHIFT+DOWN ARROW

Other Ways

paragraph containing signature line centered horizontally on page

line to be formatted is selected

Center button selected

insertion point in signature line

mouse pointer changes to a right-pointing block arrow when positioned to the left of a paragraph

transparent Mini toolbar appears whenever you select text

Selecting Nonadjacent ItemsIn Word, you can select nonadjacent items, that is, items not next to each other. This is helpful when you are applying the same formatting to multiple items. To select nonadjacent items (text or graphics), select the fi rst item, such as a word or paragraph, as usual; then, press and hold down the CTRL key. While holding down the CTRL key, select additional items.

BTW

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WD 16 Word Chapter 1 Creating, Formatting, and Editing a Word Document with Pictures

To Change the Font Size of Selected Text

The next step is to increase the font size of the characters in the selected headline. You would like the headline to be as large as possible and still fi t on a single line, which in this case is 72 point. The following steps increase the font size of the headline from 11 to 72 point.

1

2

3

With the text selected, click the • Font Size box arrow (Home tab | Font group) to display the Font Size gallery (Figure 1–16).

Why are the font sizes in my Font Size gallery different from those in Figure 1–16?

Font sizes may vary depending on the current font and your printer driver.

What happened to the Mini toolbar?

The Mini toolbar disappears if you do not use it. These steps use the Font Size box arrow on the Home tab instead of the Font Size box arrow on the Mini toolbar.

Point to 72 in the Font Size gallery • to display a live preview of the selected text at the selected point size (Figure 1–17).

I Experiment

Point to various font sizes in the • Font Size gallery and watch the font size of the selected text change in the document window.

Click 72 in the Font Size gallery to • increase the font size of the selected text.

Figure 1–16

Figure 1–17

Q&

AQ

&A

Home tab default font size is 11

Font group

1. Click Font Size box arrow on Mini toolbar, click desired font size in Font Size gallery

2. Right-click selected text, click Font on shortcut menu, click Font tab (Font

dialog box), select desired font size in Size list, click OK button

3. Click Font Dialog Box Launcher, click Font tab (Font dialog box), select

desired font size in Size list, click OK button

4. Press CTRL+D, click Font tab (Font dialog box), select desired font size in Size list, click OK button

Other Ways

font size of selected text changes to 72 point, showing a live preview of font size to which you are pointing in gallery

selection on text disappears temporarily while you use live preview

text to be formatted is selected

current font size selected

list of available font sizes are displayed in Font Size gallery

Font Size box arrow

mouse pointer on 72 point

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Creating, Formatting, and Editing a Word Document with Pictures Word Chapter 1 WD 19

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To Apply a Text Effect to Selected Text

You would like the text in the headline to be even more noticeable. Word provides many text effects to add interest and variety to text. The following steps apply a text effect to the headline.

1With the text selected, click the Text • Effects button (Home tab | Font group) to display the Text Effects gallery (Figure 1–22).

Figure 1–22

Home tab

Font group

text to be formatted is selected

commands to defi ne unique text effects

predefi ned text effects

Text Effects gallery

Text Effects button

2

3

4

Point to Fill – White, Gradient • Outline – Accent 1 (fi rst text effect in third row) to display a live preview of the selected text in the selected text effect (Figure 1–23).

I Experiment

Point to various text effects • in the Text Effects gallery and watch the text effects of the selected text change in the document window.

Click Fill – White, Gradient Outline – • Accent 1 to change the text effect of the selected text.

Click anywhere in the document • window to remove the selection from the selected text.

Figure 1–23

selected text shows live preview of text effect to which you are pointing in gallery

selection on text disappears temporarily while you use live preview

1. Right-click selected text, click Font on shortcut menu, click Font tab (Font dialog box), click Text Effects button, select desired text effects

(Format Text Effects dialog box), click Close button, click OK button

2. Click Font Dialog Box Launcher (Home tab | Font group), click Font

tab (Font dialog box), click Text Effects button, select desired text effects (Format Text Effects dialog box), click Close button, click OK button

Other Ways

mouse pointer on Fill - White, Gradient Outline - Accent 1 text effect

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Step-by-step instructions now provide a context beyond the point-and-click. Each step provides information on why students are performing each task or what will occur as a result.

Navigational callouts in red show students where to click.

Explanatory callouts in black summarize what is happening on screen.

Plan Ahead boxes prepare students to create successful projects by encouraging them to think strategically about what they are trying to accomplish before they begin working.

Q&A boxes offer questions students may have when working through the steps and provide additional information about what they are doing right where they need it.

Experiment steps within our step-by-step instructions encourage students to explore, experiment, and take advantage of the features of the Offi ce 2010 user interface. These steps are not necessary to complete the projects but are designed to increase confi dence with the software and build problem solving skills.

Textbook Walk-ThroughMicrosoft Offi ce 2010

WD 30 Word Chapter 1 Creating, Formatting, and Editing a Word Document with Pictures

Selecting TextIn many of the previous steps, you have selected text. Table 1–3 summarizes the

techniques used to select various items.

Table 1–3 Techniques for Selecting Text

Item to Select Mouse Keyboard (where applicable)

Block of text Click at beginning of selection, scroll to end of selection, position mouse pointer at end of selection, hold down SHIFT key and then click; or drag through the text.

Character(s) Drag through character(s). SHIFT+RIGHT ARROW or SHIFT+LEFT ARROW

Document Move mouse to left of text until mouse pointer changes to a right-pointing block arrow and then triple-click.

CTRL+A

Graphic Click the graphic.

Line Move mouse to left of line until mouse pointer changes to a right-pointing block arrow and then click.

HOME, then SHIFT+END or END, then SHIFT+HOME

Lines Move mouse to left of fi rst line until mouse pointer changes to a right-pointing block arrow and then drag up or down.

HOME, then SHIFT+DOWN ARROW or END, then SHIFT+UP AROW

Paragraph Triple-click paragraph; or move mouse to left of paragraph until mouse pointer changes to a right-pointing block arrow and then double-click.

CTRL+SHIFT+DOWN ARROW or CTRL+SHIFT+UP ARROW

Paragraphs Move mouse to left of paragraph until mouse pointer changes to a right-pointing block arrow, double-click, and then drag up or down.

CTRL+SHIFT+DOWN ARROW or CTRL+SHIFT+UP ARROW repeatedly

Sentence Press and hold down CTRL key and then click sentence.

Word Double-click the word. CTRL+SHIFT+RIGHT ARROW or CTRL+SHIFT+LEFT ARROW

Words Drag through words. CTRL+SHIFT+RIGHT ARROW or CTRL+SHIFT+LEFT ARROW repeatedly

To Save an Existing Document with the Same File Name

You have made several modifi cations to the document since you last saved it. Thus, you should save it again. The following step saves the document again. For an example ofthe step listed below, refer to the Offi ce 2010 and Windows 7 chapter in this book.

1 Click the Save button on the Quick Access Toolbar to overwrite the previously saved fi le.

Inserting and Formatting Pictures in a Word DocumentWith the text formatted in the fl yer, the next step is to insert digital pictures in the fl yer and format the pictures. Flyers usually contain graphical images, such as a picture, to attract the attention of passersby. In the following pages, you will perform these tasks:

1. Insert the fi rst digital picture into the fl yer and then reduce its size.2. Insert the second digital picture into the fl yer and then reduce its size.3. Change the look of the fi rst picture and then the second picture.

Break Point: If you wish to take a break, this is a good place to do so. You can quit Word now (refer to page WD 44 for instructions). To resume at a later time, start Word (refer to pages WD 4 and WD 5 for instructions), open the fi le called Found Dog Flyer (refer to page WD 45 for instructions), and continue following the steps from this location forward.

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WD 56 Word Chapter 1 Creating, Formatting, and Editing a Word Document with Pictures

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Extend Your Knowledge

Extend the skills you learned in this chapter and experiment with new skills. You may need to use Help to complete the assignment.

Modifying Text and Picture Formats and Adding Page BordersNote: To complete this assignment, you will be required to use the Data Files for Students. See the inside back cover of this book for instructions on downloading the Data Files for Students, or contact your instructor for information about accessing the required fi les.

Instructions: Start Word. Open the document, Extend 1-1 TVC Cruises Flyer, from the Data Files for Students. You will enhance the look of the fl yer shown in Figure 1–76. Hint: Remember, if you make a mistake while formatting the picture, you can reset it by clicking the Reset Picture button or Reset Picture button arrow (Picture Tools Format tab | Adjust group).

Perform the following tasks: 1. Use Help to learn about the following formats: remove bullets, grow font, shrink font, art page

borders, decorative underline(s), picture bullets, picture border shading, shadow picture effects, and color saturation and tone.

2. Remove the bullet from the paragraph below the picture.

3. Select the text, 10 percent, and use the Grow Font button to increase its font size.

4. Add an art page border to the fl yer. If the border is not in color, add color to it.

5. Change the solid underline below the word, cruises, to a decorative underline. Change the color of the underline.

6. Change the style of the bullets to picture bullet(s).

7. Change the color of the picture border. Add a shadow picture effect to the picture.

8. Change the color saturation and color tone of the picture.

9. Change the document properties, including keywords, as specifi ed by your instructor. Save the revised document with a new fi le name and then submit it in the format specifi ed by your instructor.

Figure 1–76

change border color and add shadow effect; change color saturation and color tone

use Grow Font button to increase font size

remove bullet

change to picture bullets

change underline style and color

add art page border

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Creating, Formatting, and Editing a Word Document with Pictures Word Chapter 1 WD 57

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Make It Right

Analyze a document and correct all errors and/or improve the design.

Correcting Spelling and Grammar ErrorsNote: To complete this assignment, you will be required to use the Data Files for Students. See the inside back cover of this book for instructions on downloading the Data Files for Students, or contact your instructor for information about accessing the required fi les.

Instructions: Start Word. Open the document, Make It Right 1-1 Karate Academy Flyer Unchecked, from the Data Files for Students. The document is a fl yer that contains spelling and grammar errors, as shown in Figure 1–77. You are to correct each spelling (red wavy underline) and grammar error (green and blue wavy underlines) by right-clicking the fl agged text and then clicking the appropriate correc-tion on the shortcut menu.

If your screen does not display the wavy underlines, click File on the Ribbon and then click Options in the Backstage view. When the Word Options dialog box is displayed, click Proofi ng in the left pane, be sure the ‘Hide spelling errors in this document only’ and ‘Hide grammar errors in this document only’ check boxes do not contain check marks, and then click the OK button. If your screen still does not display the wavy underlines, redisplay the Word Options dialog box, click Proofi ng, and then click the Recheck Document button.

Change the document properties, including keywords, as specifi ed by your instructor. Save the revised document with the name, Make It Right 1-1 Karate Academy Flyer, and then submit it in the format specifi ed by your instructor.

Figure 1–77

spelling and grammar errors fl agged in document with wavy underlines

shortcut menu appears when you right-click fl agged text

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Creating, Formatting, and Editing a Word Document with Pictures Word Chapter 1 WD 63

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Note: To complete this assignment, you will be required to use the Data Files for Students. See the inside back cover of this book for instructions on downloading the Data Files for Students, or contact your instructor for information about accessing the required fi les.

Instructions: Start Word. Enter the text in the fl yer, checking spelling as you type, and then format it as shown in Figure 1–80. The pictures to be inserted are called Train and Scenery and are available on the Data Files for Students. Adjust spacing before and after paragraphs and resize pictures as necessary so that the fl yer fi ts on a single page.

Change the document properties, including keywords, as specifi ed by your instructor. Save the document using the fi le name, Lab 1-3 Train Ride Flyer. Submit the document, shown in Figure 1–80, in the format specifi ed by your instructor.

Cases and Places

Apply your creative thinking and problem solving skills to design and implement a solution.

Note: To complete these assignments, you may be required to use the Data Files for Students. See the inside back cover of this book for instructions on downloading the Data Files for Students, or contact your instructor for information about accessing the required fi les.

1: Design and Create a Spring Break Flyer

AcademicAs secretary of your school’s Student Government Association, you are responsible for creating and distributing fl yers for spring break group outings. This year, you have planned a trip to Settlers Resort. The fl yer should contain two digital pictures appropriately resized; the Data Files for Students contains two pictures called Cabin 1 and Cabin 2, or you can use your own digital pictures if they are appropri-ate for the topic of the fl yer. The fl yer should contain the headline, Feeling Adventurous?, and this signature line: Call Lyn at 555-9901 to sign up. The body copy consists of the following, in any order: Spring Break – Blast to the Past. Settlers Resort is like a page right out of a history textbook! Spend fi ve days living in the 1800s. The bulleted list in the body copy is as follows: One-room cabins with potbelly stoves, Campfi re dining with authentic meals, and Horseback riding and much more.

Use the concepts and techniques presented in this chapter to create and format this fl yer. Be sure to check spelling and grammar. Submit your assignment in the format specifi ed by your instructor.

2: Design and Create a Yard Sale Flyer

PersonalYou are planning a yard sale and would like to create and post fl yers around town advertising the upcoming sale. The fl yer should contain two digital pictures appropriately resized; the Data Files for Students contains two pictures called Yard Sale 1 and Yard Sale 2, or you can use your own digital pictures if they are appropriate for the topic of the fl yer. The fl yer should contain the headline, Yard Sale!, and this signature line: Questions? Call 555-9820. The body copy consists of the following, in any order: Hundreds of items for sale. After 20 years, we are moving to a smaller house and are selling anything that won’t fi t. Everything for sale must go! The bulleted list in the body copy is as follows: When: August 7, 8, 9 from 9:00 a.m. to 7:00 p.m.; Where: 139 Ravel Boulevard; and What: something for everyone – from clothing to collectibles.

Use the concepts and techniques presented in this chapter to create and format this fl yer. Be sure to check spelling and grammar. Submit your assignment in the format specifi ed by your instructor.

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Cases & Places exercises call on students to create open-ended projects that refl ect academic, personal, and business settings.

Break Points identify logical breaks in the chapter if students need to stop before completing the project.

Extend Your Knowledgeprojects at the end of each chapter allow students to extend and expand on the skills learned within the chapter. Students use critical thinking to experiment with new skills in order to complete each project.

Make It Right projects call on students to analyze a fi le, discover errors in it, and fi x them using the skills they learned in the chapter.

Discovering Computers—Selected Chapters from Fundamentals, 2012 Edition