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D ISCOVER H IGH PERFORMANCE
PRECAST
PCI Mountain
States
Members
EnCon United/Stresscon/Encon Colorado
Forterra Structural Precast
Harper Precast
Missoula Concrete Construction
Olympus Precast
Plum Creek Structures
Wells Concrete
Rocla Concrete Tie
Teton Prestress Concrete
This program is registered with the AIA/CES for continuing
professional education. As such, it does not include content that
may be deemed or construed to constitute approval, sponsorship
or endorsement by the AIA of any method, product, service,
enterprise or organization. The statements expressed by
speakers, panelists, and other participants reflect their own views
and do not necessarily reflect the views or positions of The
American Institute of Architects or of AIA components, or those of
their respective officers, directors, members, employees, or other
organizations, groups or individuals associated with them.
Questions related to specific products, publications, and services
may be addressed at the conclusion of this presentation.
AIA/CES Quality Statement
PCI has met the standards and requirements of the
Registered Continuing Education Program (RCEP).
Credit earned on completion of this program will be
reported to RCEP. A certificate of completion will be
issued to each participant. As such, it does not include
content that may be deemed or construed to be an
approval or endorsement by RCEP.
RCEP Registered Program
1. DEFINEDefine what high performance structures are and explain how they provide benefits such as increased health and wellbeing for the end user/client.
2. DISCUSSDiscuss the user advantages and long-term physical and economic benefits of high performance design for improved safety, comfort and indoor environmental quality.
3. EXPLAINAttendees will be able to explain the concept of resiliency and identify why it is important to the health, safety and welfare of the general public.
4. LEARNLearn how high performance building envelopes provide durability and multihazard protection for the public over a long life span.
01. Discover High Performance Precast
Learning Objectives
What is Concrete?
Concrete - A composite material that consists
essentially of a binding medium within which are
embedded particles or fragments of aggregate.
(ASTM)
Concrete constituents:
• Cement
• Water
• Aggregates
• Admixtures
• Air
What is Precast Concrete?
Precast Concrete - concrete cast elsewhere than its
final position (ACI)
What is Prestressed Concrete?
Prestressed Concrete – concrete with its primary
reinforcement consisting of steel strand that has
been put into tension which results in compression
of the concrete
Prestressed Concrete:
• Increases load carrying capacity
• Allows for greater spans
• Reduces cracks
• Smaller sections
Precast Elements
Precast Elements
Precast concrete is architectural
and structural
Precast Elements
A. Load-bearing architectural spandrel
B. Exterior column
C. Double-tee or Hollowcore plank
D. Interior column
E. Inverted tee beam or composite beam
F. Shear wall
G. Stairs
A
A
B
F
C
C
E
D
G
B
F
C
C
E
D
Double-tee System
Hollowcore Plank System
Structural Products – Total Precast Offices
Precast Concrete Walls – Three Basic Types
Insulated Sandwich
Solid Wall Panel Thin-shell
• Non-load bearing and load bearing
• Available in essentially any shape and finish
Shapes
• Window walls
• Spandrels
• Column covers, mullions
Wall Types - Solid
Wall Types - Solid
Wall Types – Insulated Sandwich Wall Panels
Wall Types – Insulated Sandwich Wall Panels
Wall Types – Insulated Sandwich Wall Panels
Wall Types – Thin-shell
Wall Types – GFRC (Thin-shell)
GFRC - Municipal Offices
GFRC – Federal Building
Temple Construction
Temple Construction
Structural Precast
Structural Systems
Exterior and Interior shear walls
Structural Systems
Frames
Project Applications
Buildings
Buildings
Parking Structures
Transportation
Transportation: Prestressed Girders
High Performance
What is a High Performance Structure?
“… integrates and optimizes on a lifecycle basis all major
high performance attributes, including:
• energy and water
conservation,
• environment,
• safety,
• security,
• durability,
• accessibility,
• cost-benefit,
• productivity,
• sustainability,
• functionality,
• and operational
considerations
Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007
401 PL 110-140
What is a High Performance Structure?
“… integrates and optimizes on a lifecycle basis all major
high performance attributes, including:
• energy and water
conservation,
• environment,
• safety,
• security,
• durability,
• accessibility,
• cost-benefit,
• productivity,
• sustainability,
• functionality,
• and operational
considerations
Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007
401 PL 110-140
What is a High Performance Structure?
“… integrates and optimizes on a lifecycle basis all
major high performance attributes, including:
• energy and water
conservation,
• environment,
• safety,
• security,
• durability,
• accessibility,
• cost-benefit,
• productivity,
• sustainability,
• functionality,
• and operational
considerations
Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007
401 PL 110-140
What is a High Performance Structure?
“… integrates and optimizes on a lifecycle basis all major
high performance attributes, including:
• energy and water
conservation,
• environment,
• safety,
• security,
• durability,
• accessibility,
• cost-benefit,
• productivity,
• sustainability,
• functionality,
• and operational
considerations
Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007
401 PL 110-140
High Performance Precast
Precast concrete is a high performance material that
integrates easily with other systems and inherently
provides the versatility, efficiency, and resiliency
needed to meet the multi-hazard requirements and
long-term demands of high performance structures.
Attributes and Benefits
VERSATILE EFFICIENT RESILIENT
Aesthetic Versatility Site Efficiency Structure Durability
Virtually any color, form, and texture Minimal site disturbance Long service life
Facade integration Negligible waste Barrier wall system
Historic compatibility Accelerated construction Functional resilience
Structural VersatilityEnergy and Operational
EfficiencyMulti-Hazard Protection
Load-bearing envelopes Scalable performance Storm resistance
Economical sections Thermally efficient Earthquake resistance
Long open spans Low life-cycle costs Blast resistance
Use Versatility Risk Reduction Life Safety and Health
Recyclable Design assist Indoor environmental quality
Deconstructive reuse Reduced detailing and trades Passive fire resistance
Adaptive reuse Enhanced profitability Meets FEMA 361
High Performance:
Versatile
• Aesthetic versatility (color, form and texture)
Aesthetics – Blend in
Aesthetics – Stand out
Aesthetics – Concrete Colors
Aesthetics - Concrete
As Cast
Exposed Aggregate
Acid Etch
Abrasive Blast
Aesthetics - Forms
Aesthetics - Formliners
Aesthetics – Veneers, Thin-Brick
Aesthetics – Veneers
Limestone Granite
Aesthetics – VeneersMarble
Tile Terra Cotta
Combination Finishes
The Aesthetic Versatility of Precast
The Aesthetic Versatility of Precast
The Aesthetic Versatility of Precast
The Aesthetic Versatility of Precast
The Aesthetic Versatility of Precast
The Aesthetic Versatility of Precast
The Aesthetic Versatility of Precast
The Aesthetic Versatility of Precast
The Aesthetic Versatility of Precast
The Aesthetic Versatility of Precast
The Aesthetic Versatility of Precast
The Aesthetic Versatility of Precast
The Aesthetic Versatility of Precast
The Aesthetic Versatility of Precast
The Aesthetic Versatility of Precast
High Performance:
Versatile
• Aesthetic versatility (color, form and texture)
• Design versatility (structural applications, load points, open spans, etc.)
The Structural Versatility of Precast
The Structural Versatility of Precast
The Structural Versatility of Precast
The Structural Versatility of Precast
The Structural Versatility of Precast
The Structural Versatility of Precast
The Structural Versatility of Precast
The Structural Versatility of Precast
The Structural Versatility of Precast
High Performance:
Versatile
• Aesthetic versatility (color, form and texture)
• Design versatility (structural applications, load points, open spans, etc.)
• Adaptable use and reuse
Use Versatility - Recycled/Reuse
Use Versatility – Project Adaptability
High Performance:
Efficient
• Site Efficiency
Site Efficiency
High Performance:
Efficient
• Site Efficiency
• Energy and Operational Efficiency
Enclosure Systems
Thermally efficient
enclosures provide:
• Protection against
moisture
Barrier Wall(Face-sealed)
Enclosure Systems
Thermally efficient enclosures provide:
• Protection against moisture
• Continuous insulation, air and vapor barriers
Material Average leakage, cfm/ft2 of
surface at 0.3 in. H2O
Solid precast concrete
wall
No measurable leakage
Extruded polystyrene
insulation
No measurable leakage
½” fibreboard
sheathing
0.31
Uncoated brick wall 0.31
Uncoated concrete
block
0.41
1” expanded
polystyrene
0.93
Material Average leakage, cfm/ft2 of
surface at 0.3 in. H2O
Solid precast concrete
wall
No measurable leakage
Extruded polystyrene
insulation
No measurable leakage
½” fibreboard
sheathing
0.31
Uncoated brick wall 0.31
Uncoated concrete
block
0.41
1” expanded
polystyrene
0.93
Enclosure Systems
Thermally efficient enclosures provide:
• Protection against moisture
• Continuous insulation, air and vapor barriers
High performance precast concrete inherently provides all three: continuous insulation, air and vapor barriers in one efficient system.
Reduce Thermal Bridges
Thermal Mass
• Absorbs outside and inside heat
and slowly releases
• Thermal mass effect delays the
onset of peak heating or cooling
loads
• Thermal mass effect may reduce
peak demand/energy consumption
and enable downsized HVAC
systems
• Reduces indoor temperature
fluctuation to improve occupant
comfort
• Thermal mass effect varies by
climate
Reduce Other Materials
High Performance:
Efficient
• Site Efficiency
• Energy and Operational Efficiency
– Thermally efficient
– Reduce life-cycle costs• Does not require painting
• Does not rust, rot, or degrade when wet
• Fewer joints
• UV and pest resistant
High Performance:
Efficient
• Site Efficiency
• Energy and Operational Efficiency
– Thermally efficient
– Reduce life-cycle costs• Does not require painting
• Does not rust, rot, or degrade when wet
• Fewer joints
• UV and pest resistant
• Risk Reduction• Reduce trades, detailing, joints
High Performance:
Efficient
• Site Efficiency
• Energy and Operational Efficiency
– Thermally efficient
– Reduce life-cycle costs• Does not require painting
• Does not rust, rot, or degrade when wet
• Fewer joints
• UV and pest resistant
• Risk Reduction• Reduce trades, detailing, joints
• Design assist
High Performance:
Resilient
• Structure durability
Completed in 1953
High Performance:
Resilient
• Structure durability
• Multi-hazard protection/functional resilience
Functional Resilience – expresses a structure's durability, competence to maintain its integrity, and ability to have its function restored following environmental change and natural or human-caused disaster.
Impact Testing
Seismic Testing
Blast Testing
High Performance:
Resilient
• Structure durability
• Multi-hazard protection
• Life safety and health– No VOCs
– No Mold
– Fast enclosure
– Sound insulation
– Multi-hazard protection
– Passive fire protection
Drywall
Precast
Environmental Impact
Environmental Impact
• What is the environmental impact from using high
performance precast concrete relative to other
systems?
Environmental Impact - LCA
PCI conducted a Life-Cycle Assessment (LCA)
• Cradle-to-grave
• ISO 14040 & 14044
• Third-party verified
Baseline building
• Five story, commercial office
• 130-person occupancy
• IBC (2006), & ASHRAE 90.1 (2007)
• 73-year service life
• Window-to-wall-ratio: 0.40
• Climate Zones: Miami, Memphis, Denver, Phoenix
LCA – Systems Matrix
Three structural systems
• Steel
• Cast in Place
• Precast concrete
Five enclosure systems
• Curtain wall
• Brick and steel stud
• Precast concrete
• Insulated precast concrete
• Insulated precast concrete with thin-brick
S- CW S- Br S - PC S - IPC S - IPCTB
C-CW C-Br C-PC C-IPC C-IPCITB
PC-CW PC-Br PC-PC PC-IPC PC-IPCTB
Environmental Impact - LCA
Findings:
• Use stage (Operating energy) has the greatest
environmental impact for any structure/enclosure
combination (about 96%)
• The COV among structure/enclosure combination for a
given climate zone was 2% or less
• Precast concrete systems do NOT impose additional
environmental burden relative to the systems studied
Certification
PCI Certification
• Quality Assurance - An integrated and ongoing system
of knowledge, programs, activities, people, inspections,
tests, documentation, and assessment with the sole
purpose of making sure that the intended design
requirements are met.
• Quality Control - is the operational activities used to
fulfill requirements of quality (e.g. testing,
documentation)
• Certification - is a program to check the QA program.
▪ Certification helps ensure that essential components
of a QA system are:
▪ Present
▪ Functioning properly
PCI Certification
Certification assures owners, specifiers, and designers that
products and systems are:
• Manufactured by companies that subscribe to
nationally accepted standards
• Have comprehensive internal quality systems in place
• Are audited to ensure compliance
Benefits of PCI Certification
• Complete Program
• Pre-Qualified Bidders
• Total Lower Cost
• Checked to Specifications
• Clearly identified manufacturer capabilities
PCI Plant Certification
Benefits of PCI Certification
• Complete Program
• Pre-Qualified Bidders
• Total Lower Cost
• Checked to Specifications
• Clearly identified manufacturer capabilities
• Proven and widely accepted
PCI Certification Specified In:
• AIA Masterspec
• General Services
Administrations
• Federal Bureau of
Prisons
• USACE, NFVAC, etc.
• Over 32 DOTs
• FHWA endorsed
Benefits of PCI Certification
• Complete Program
• Pre-Qualified Bidders
• Total Lower Cost
• Checked to Specifications
• Clearly identified manufacturer capabilities
• Proven and widely accepted
• As-designed, becomes as-built
• Integrated with and an ongoing part of the Precast Concrete Structures industry’s Body of Knowledge
Summary
High Performance Structures
• Integrate and optimize ALL relevant attributes
• Focus on long-term performance & reducing life cycle costs
• Are built sustainably and also resiliently
High Performance Materials
• Must be versatile, efficient and resilient
• Provide long-term performance
Summary
Precast concrete is versatile
• Offers a virtually endless array of colors, finishes and textures =
easy to achieve your aesthetic goals efficiently
• Finishes can be combined = reduces time, costs and risk
• Can be used as the structural and enclosure system
simultaneously = saves time, materials and costs
• Can be recycled & reused = is sustainable
• Facilitates easier adaptation of a structures use = improves
service life
Summary
Precast concrete is efficient
• Accelerates construction = allows quicker enclosure and project
completion = quicker use
• Allows for a smaller site footprint = minimizes negative effects to
a project site and the environment
• Combines continuous insulation, air and vapor barriers into one
efficient system = optimizes the enclosure, reducing
maintenance
• Improves thermal efficiency by as much as 30% = reduces
operational costs and energy use
• Reduces overall life cycle costs = saves money
• Requires less trades, coordination, and detailing = reduces risks,
costs
• Provides a high degree of quality = as-designed becomes as-
built
Summary
Precast concrete is resilient
• Is extremely durable = can provide a 100 year service life
• Can provide multi-hazard protection (e.g. storms, earthquakes,
terrorists attacks, etc.) = protects occupants, reduces costs of
rebuilding
• Provides inherent passive fire protection = protects occupants,
reduces costs of rebuilding
• Improves occupant comfort and safety = protects occupants and
improves productivity
• no VOCs
• no mold
• excellent sound insulation
• less temperature fluctuation = more occupant comfort
Summary
Precast concrete is a high performance material that
integrates easily with other systems, and inherently
provides the versatility, efficiency, and resiliency needed to
meet the multi-hazard requirements and long-term
demands of high performance structures.
Thank you!
Visit: www.pcims.org
www.pci.org
Contact: [email protected]
PCI Lunch and Learn Programs
– Discover High Performance Precast
– Aesthetic Versatility of Precast Concrete
– High Performance Precast Envelope Systems
– High Performance Precast Educational Facilities
– Designing High Performance Parking Structures
– Precast Concrete Residential Housing
– Precast Concrete Industrial Structures
– Sustainable Design Using Precast Concrete
Transportation Market Briefing
Transportation Market Briefing
Transportation Market Briefing
New Beam Shapes
• Nebraska Research
New 2014 IDOT PPC Beam Shapes