Disastter Mgt Lect

7/28/2019 Disastter Mgt Lect

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Disaster

The term disaster is defined in differentways. For example:

Sudden or great misfortune, calamity(Concise Oxford Dictionary).

A sudden calamitous event producing

great material damage, loss and distress(Webster s Dictionary).


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DISASTER a serious disruption of the functioning of asociety, causing widespread human, material orenvironmental losses which exceed the ability ofthe affected society to cope using only its ownresources .

A disaster is an event that is concentrated in spaceand time and that subject a society to severedanger and such serious losses of human life or

such major material damage that the local socialstructure breaks down and the society is unableto perform any or some of its key functions . (United Nations)


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An event natural or man -made, sudden or progressive, whichimpacts with such severity that the affected community has torespond by taking exceptional measures (Disaster Management, A Disaster Manager s Handbook, AsianDevelopment Bank, Manila).

An event associated with the impact of a natural hazard,which leads to increased mortality, illness and/or injury, anddestroys or disrupts livelihoods, affecting the people or an areasuch that they perceive it as being exceptional and requiringexternal assistance for recovery (Cannon 1994).

An event, natural or man -made, sudden or progressive, whichimpacts with such severity that the affected community has torespond by taking exceptional measures (Carter 1991).


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Calamity beyond the coping capacity of the effectedpopulation, triggered by natural or technological hazards or

by human action (D&E Reference Center 1998).

A Condition or situation of significant destruction, disruptionand/or distress to a community. (Salter 1997-98).

A disaster occurs when a disruption reaches such proportionsthat there are injuries, deaths, or property damage, and whena disruption affects many or all of the community's essentialfunctions, such as water supply, electrical power, roads, andhospitals. Also, people affected by a disaster may needassistance to alleviate their suffering. (Simeon Institute).


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An event, natural or man-made, sudden orprogressive, that seriously disrupts the

functioning of a society, causing human,material, or environmental losses of such

severity that the affected community has torespond by taking exceptional measures.The disruption, (including essential servicesand means of livelihood) is on a scale thatexceeds the ability of the affected society tocope with using only its own resources .


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CLASSIFICATION OF DISASTERS

Natural, Man-made & Human-inducedDisasters occur in varied formsSome are predictable in advance

Some are annual or seasonalSome are sudden and unpredictable

Factors leading to a Disaster Meteorological, Geological, Ecologicalor Environmental, Technological Etc.


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NATURAL DISASTERS

FloodsEarthquakes

CyclonesDroughtsLandslides, Pest Attacks,

Forest Fires, Avalanches etc


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TIME DURATION OF NATURAL DISASTERS

Earthquakes -> Scnds/minutesCyclones -> Days

Floods -> DaysDroughts -> Months


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DISASTER MANAGEMENT CYCLE

Emergency Response

Post-disaster: recovery

Preparedness

Prevention/

Mitigation

Reconstruction

Rehabilitation

Response/Relief

Pre-disaster: risk reduction

Disaster

Emergency Response

Post-disaster: recovery

Preparedness

Prevention/

Mitigation

Reconstruction

Rehabilitation

Response/Relief

Pre-disaster: risk reduction

Disaster


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DISASTER MANAGEMENT

Disaster management includes all aspects of planning of and responding to disasters. It refersto the management of both the risks and the

consequences of disasters, and includes both:Prevention and preparedness measures taken indisaster-prone areas in anticipation of the knownhazards often referred to as pre -disaster andlong-term rehabilitation (sometimes referred to asreconstruction).


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What is a hazard? What is a disaster?How are they different?

UN Photo: Tropical Storm Jeannefloods Haiti, 2004

UN Photo: Aftermath of tsunami in theIndian Ocean, 2004


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A natural hazard is a natural phenomenon that canpotentially trigger a disaster Examples include earthquakes, mud-slides,

floods, volcanic eruptions, tsunamis, droughtThese physical events need not necessarily result in

disaster A disaster is a serious disruption of the functioning

of a community or a society involving widespreadhuman, material, economic or environmental lossesand impacts, exceeding the ability of the communityto cope using own resources

What is a natural hazard vs a disaster?


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VULNERABILITY

Vulnerability is defined as "The extent to which a community,structure, service, or geographic area is likely to be damaged or disrupted by the impact of particular hazard, on account of their nature , cons t ruc t ion and prox imi ty to hazardo us terrain or a dis aster pro ne area .

Physical vulnerability weak buildings, bridges, service lines,lifeline structures, production units etc.

Social & Economic vulnerability Human losses in disasters in developing countries are seento be higher when compared to developed countries.


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The product of hazards over which we have nocontrol. It combines:

the likelihood or probability of a disaster

happeningthe negative effects that result if the disaster

happens these are increased by vulnerabi l i t ies (characteristics/circumstances that make onesusceptible to damaging effects of a hazard)

and decreased by capaci t ies (combination of

strengths, attitudes and resources)

What is risk?


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RISKRisk is a measure of the expected losses

(deaths, injuries, property, economic activity etc)due to a hazard of a particular magnitude or Intensity occurring in a given area over a specific

time period.

Exposure: the value and importance of thevarious types of structures and lifeline systems(such as water-supply, communication network,transportation network etc in the communityserving the population)


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HAZARD

VULNERABILITY-RISK DISASTER


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Prevention: outright avoidance of the adverse affects of

hazards / disastersMitigation: the process of lessoning or limiting theadverse affects of hazards / disasters Preparedness: knowledge and capacities to effectivelyanticipate, respond to and recover from impacts of likelyhazard Risk Reduction: practice of reducing risks through

systematic efforts to analyze and manage the causalfactors of disasters, including through reduced exposure,lessened vulnerability, improved preparednessResponse: provision of emergency services to save

lives, meet needs

Terminology


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1. Mitigation Systems Require Manifold Improvement & should be

Technology Driven. 2. Weakness in Early Warning Systems and Dissemination of

Information to Far Flung Areas.3. Decision to Provide Aid :-

(a) Slow because of Procedures.(b) Request from States/provinces not backed by Proper Assessment.

4. Local Institutions Not Geared to Guide & Receive Aid.5. Disaster Response Resources at State/province Level

Very Inadequate.

NATURAL DISASTERS LESSONS LEARNT


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6. Non Availability of Specialist Equipment,(Including Mobile Field Hospitals).

7. Assistance from NGOs NOT Coordinated & Optimised.8. People - Principal Actors -- Focused Public Awareness Campaign a

Must.9. Post Disaster Relief & Reconstruction - Lot of GAPS.

10. Positive Lesson -- Role of the Armed Forces

NATURAL DISASTERS LESSONS LEARNT


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Appropriate disaster prevention, mitigation,

preparedness andresponse bu ild s o n

peoples capacities and t ac k les th e c au ses o f

vulnerabi l i ty


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For Development to beSustainable,

Disaster Mitigation Must beBuilt Into

The Planning Process


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S TRATEGY F OR D ISASTER M ANAGEMENT


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STRATEGIES FOR DISASTER MANAGEMEN

1. Change of Focus from Relief Centric to Holistic Approach.2. Mainstreaming Disaster Management into all National

Developmental Programmes.

3. Empowerment of the Community to face the Disaster.4. Emphasis on Training, Development of Human Capital and

Capacity Building.

5. Key Role of Educational and Professional Institutions for Mass Education and Awareness.

6. Upgradation of the Key Responders.


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STRATEGIES FOR DISASTER MANAGEMEN

7. Supporting and Enabling Mechanisms for the Districtsand Provinces.

8. Failsafe Early Warning & Communication Systems.

9. Coordinated, Timely and Effective Response.

10. Involvement of NGOs & Corporate Sectors.

11. Time Bound Action Plan for Earthquakes, Floods &

Cyclones.12. Pro-active Participation at the Regional and

International Level.


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Documents

Disastter Mgt Lect