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INTRODUCTION
Regardless of their cause, human or natural, disaster areas all
share a number
of characteristics:
There is uncertainty about the extent and degree ofdamage.
The initial response to the disaster is limited to only those
local rescue assets
that have survived the incident.
There are many hazards in the area, whose location and nature
are
unknown.
There is a high likelihood of trapped victims in the area,whose
location andcondition are unknown.
As a counterpart to the limited number of first responders
available, studies
have shown that the first 72 hours are essential for rescuing
victims. The
survival rate dropsgeometrically with time, to nearly zero after
72 hour.
This project is to implement an unmanned robot which is used for
the purpose
of disaster management. The main purpose of this robot is to
gain access to
the places where human access may be hazardous and to collect
information
to prevent any such disasters. The robot is realised as a four
wheel chained
mobile body, driven by DC Motors. The main robot body has an
array of
sensors to collect information and to transmit it wirelessly to
a pc interface
and a handheld terminal. These sensors can collect vital
information
regarding the surroundings where the robot travels and can send
them to the
receiver where the operator can analyse the surrounding without
actually
being there. The transmission is done after coding the data so
that an
unwanted interceptor cannot interrupt the functionality of the
robot. The
coded signal is decoded at the receiver section. The project is
divided into two
sections. The first section is the main robot with the sensors,
motors and
transceiver unit. The second section has the hand held terminal
and a
transceiver unit.
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the data and to control the movement of the robot based on the
received
instructions. The robot is implemented as a four wheeled
chained, mobile
body. In here we use 4 DC Motors for the purpose of driving the
wheels. The
driving circuitry will be realised using two L293d motor driving
ICs each
capable of driving two motors in either directions. The sensors
used here are
specific for the disaster management application. The three
sensors used here
are the gas sensor,IR sensor and the temperature sensor. The gas
sensor is
used to detect the presence of any toxic gas in the environment
where the
robot moves. TheIR sensor is used to compute the distance of the
robot from
a particular obstacle. Lastly the temperature sensor is used to
measure the
temperature of the surroundings. The robot is also equipped with
a wireless
camera so that the operator can see where the robot is going and
to study the
environment. The robot transmits the data received from the
three sensors
and camera wirelessly to the receiver section using an 2.4GHz
Tranceiver
Module (CC2500). The robot has motors and driving circuits to
move from oneplace to the other, it has been provided with an all
terrain wheels to access
any kind of land surfaces.
SECTION 2:
The second section is the receiver section which also has a
microcontroller like
the robot section. This section is from where the operator
controls the
movements of the robot. It has an hand held section which is the
control
console for the robot and a PC/TV interface which happens to be
the viewer
interface of the robot. The handheld module consists of a keypad
and an LCD
for visual display of the data received from the robot. The
Keypad is desired to
be as compact as possible, in emergency situations , lesser
number of keys are
suitable as this would help in reducing confusion for the user/
rescue team
personal. The wireless reception is achieved using the 2.4GHz
Transceiver
Module (CC2500). The data from the robot such as the
temperature, toxic gas
presence and proximity to obstacles etc are received through the
transceiver
module by the microcontroller and displayed on the 2-line/16
character LCDmodule in the handheld terminal. This controller also
receives the live feed
from the camera placed on the robot and displays live video on
the pc with
the help of which the operator can use the accelerometer console
to control
the direction in which the robot moves. Since the distance we
require here for
transmission of data is less, we can use RF transceivers for the
transmission of
information from the sensors to the receiver section and from
the
accelerometer console to the robot section. Since video cannot
be transmitted
using RF we use separate wireless module for live video
transmission from the
camera to the receiver.
