Disaster and its Disaster and its managementmanagement

ContentsContents

DefinitionDefinition TypesTypes EffectsEffects FeaturesFeatures India’s scenarioIndia’s scenario Role players in disasterRole players in disaster Disaster managementDisaster management

DisastersDisasters

A catastrophe, sudden, calamitous event A catastrophe, sudden, calamitous event bringing great bringing great

damage, loss, destruction and devastation to damage, loss, destruction and devastation to life and property by natural or man-made life and property by natural or man-made causes.causes.

According to UN;According to UN; An occurrence of a sudden or major An occurrence of a sudden or major

misfortune which disrupt the basic fabric and misfortune which disrupt the basic fabric and normal functioning of society.normal functioning of society.

Essentially social phenomenon as well as Essentially social phenomenon as well as physical and economic.physical and economic.

The term ‘Disaster’ owes its origin to The term ‘Disaster’ owes its origin to the French word ‘Desastre’ which is the French word ‘Desastre’ which is the combination of two terms ‘des’ the combination of two terms ‘des’ meaning bad or evil and ‘astre’ meaning bad or evil and ‘astre’ meaning star . The combination meaning star . The combination expression is ‘Bad or Evil Star’.expression is ‘Bad or Evil Star’.

TYPES OF DISASTERTYPES OF DISASTER

Two TypesTwo Types – – NaturalNatural and and ManmadeManmade

Major natural disasters:Major natural disasters:                        FloodFlood                   CycloneCyclone                   DroughtDrought                   EarthquakeEarthquake

Minor natural disasters:Minor natural disasters:                   Cold waveCold wave                   ThunderstormsThunderstorms                   Heat wavesHeat waves                   Mud slidesMud slides                   StormStorm

Major manmade disaster:Major manmade disaster: Setting of firesSetting of fires EpidemicEpidemic DeforestationDeforestation Pollution due to prawn cultivationPollution due to prawn cultivation Chemical pollution.Chemical pollution. WarsWars

Minor manmade disaster:Minor manmade disaster:                   Road / train accidents, riotsRoad / train accidents, riots                   Food poisoning Food poisoning                   Industrial disaster/ crisisIndustrial disaster/ crisis                   Environmental pollution Environmental pollution

EffectsEffects

Completely disrupts the normal day Completely disrupts the normal day to day life.to day life.

Negatively influences the emergency Negatively influences the emergency systems.systems.

Normal needs and processes like Normal needs and processes like food, shelter, health etc are affected food, shelter, health etc are affected and deteriorated.and deteriorated.

FeaturesFeatures

UnpredictabilityUnpredictability UnfamiliarityUnfamiliarity SpeedSpeed UrgencyUrgency UncertaintyUncertainty ThreatThreat

India’s ScenarioIndia’s Scenario

India is prone to disasters of various kinds;India is prone to disasters of various kinds; i) i) 55 %55 % of our land is prone to earthquake of our land is prone to earthquake ii) 6ii) 68 %8 % vulnerable to drought vulnerable to drought iii) iii) 12 %12 % to floods & to floods & iv) iv) 8 %8 % to cyclones to cyclones

Parts of country suffer regularly from effects of results of hazards Parts of country suffer regularly from effects of results of hazards such as cyclones, drought, floods, heat waves and severe storms such as cyclones, drought, floods, heat waves and severe storms etc.etc.

Indian sub-continent is geographically unstable. Indian sub-continent is geographically unstable.

No volcanoes but regular and intense earthquakes.No volcanoes but regular and intense earthquakes.

Landslides are too common in the Himalayan regions.Landslides are too common in the Himalayan regions.

Coastline is risk to tsunami like disasters.Coastline is risk to tsunami like disasters.

Role Players in DisastersRole Players in Disasters

CommunityCommunity

NGOsNGOs

National Red CrossNational Red Cross

MediaMedia

Fire ServicesFire Services

Police and Para-Military ForcesPolice and Para-Military Forces

Civil DefenceCivil Defence

Armed ForcesArmed Forces

Public Sector Undertakings and Private SectorPublic Sector Undertakings and Private Sector

Disaster ManagementDisaster Management

Prevention Prevention [ hamper the occurrence of disaster event or prevent such occurrence.][ hamper the occurrence of disaster event or prevent such occurrence.]

MitigationMitigation [ specific programs intended to reduce the effects of disaster on a nation [ specific programs intended to reduce the effects of disaster on a nation or community ]or community ]

PreparationPreparation [ measures enabling the government, organizations, communities and [ measures enabling the government, organizations, communities and individuals to respond rapidly and effectively to disasterindividuals to respond rapidly and effectively to disaster situations] situations]

ResponseResponse [ measures taken immediately prior to and following disaster impact ][ measures taken immediately prior to and following disaster impact ]

RecoveryRecovery [ process by which communities and the nation are assisted in returning to [ process by which communities and the nation are assisted in returning to their proper level of functioning following a disaster ]their proper level of functioning following a disaster ]

DevelopmentDevelopment [ provides the link between disaster-related activities and national [ provides the link between disaster-related activities and national development ]development ]

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