DIRECTORYOF INTERNATIONAL

SCIENTIFICORGANIZATIONS

U N E S C O

DIRECTORY OF INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC ORGANIZATIONS

Published by the United NotionsEducational, Scientific and Cultural Organization

19 Avenue Kleber, Paris-16e1st edition May 1950

2nd impression May 19522nd edition (3rd impression) 1953

Printed by R. Oldenbourg, Miinchen (Germany)

Printed in GermanyNS. S3. D. 13 b A

P R E F A C E

The Unesco Directory of International Scientific Organizations was first published in Englishand French in May 1950. The English edition was completely sold out by July 1951 andin May 1952 was reprinted. The need of a book providing essential information on inter-national scientific organizations had been felt for a long time but its compilation and publi-cation took on a more definite form following the suggestion made by prominent membersof the Canadian, Australian and New Zealand Government services that the task shouldbe undertaken by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization.

The General Conference during its Seventh Session held in Paris in November-December1952 decided to publish the present second edition in only one language as a result ofbudgetary restrictions. English was chosen as being the language in which the largernumber of copies of the first edition had been sold.

Once again the Secretariat has to thank all the organizations that have been goodenough to co-operate in filling in the questionnaires or in bringing the old entries up to date.It is, however, difficult to publish an entirely up-to-date directory. The composition ofthe Governing Bodies and of Commissions changes periodically, addresses change withthe nomination of a new President or Secretary, the date of a Congress is altered. In someinfrequent cases, four or five letters on the part of the Secretariat failed to elicit answersfrom the organizations and as the information printed in 1950 was now out of date, theorganizations in question have been reluctantly left out. Certain other organizations suchas the Inter-American Society of Anthropology and Geography and the American Societyof Agricultural Sciences have ceased to function since the appearance of the first edition.

The present book describes 264 organizations as against 202 in the first edition.The Secretariat is aware of the existence of a general yearbook of international organi-

zations published periodically by the Union of International Associations and containingsuccinct information on some 950 international non-governmental organizations workingin all possible fields, including the various branches of science. In the contacts the UnescoSecretariat has had with the editors of the general yearbook, it was recognized that a clearadvantage of a specialized directory is to give more complete information on a limitednumber of organizations, which makes the publication both more valuable and less ex-pensive to the interested public.

In order to avoid duplication of work, the Secretariat of Unesco has offered to place allinformation on non-governmental organizations in its possession at the disposal of theeditors of the general yearbook of international organizations for utilization in futureissues of thjs publication.

The preparation of the manuscript of this directory was completed at the end of June1953 but its publication is scheduled for the beginning of lii 4. This explains why the futuretense is used whenever a meeting takes place after June 19S3.

The Secretariat would be grateful if readers who find inaccuracies would point them outso that inquiries can be answered as accurately as possible and the Unesco records keptup to date.

I N T R O D U C T I O N

This directory gives information on international organizations whose activities deal withthe various branches of science.

ORDER ADOPTED

The organizations are grouped in three main chapters: BASIC SCIENCES, APPLIED SCIENCESand MISCELLANEOUS. CHAPTER II is sub-divided into AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES, ENGINEER-ING SCIENCES and MEDICAL SCIENCES. In CHAPTER III, under the heading MISCELLANEOUShave been grouped a number of organizations whose activities either enter into a numberof different scientific fields or, while not being entirely scientific, are of interest to scien-tists. An example of an organization in the last category is Unesco itself. In each chapterand section, the organizations are arranged in alphabetical order. Those limited to aparticular geographical area, for example the European Council for Nuclear Researchand the Coffee Commission of the Inter-American Economic and Social Council, havebeen placed at the end of their respective chapters under the heading REGIONAL ORGAN-IZATIONS.

ABBREVIATIONS

For the United Nations, their Specialized Agencies, the Organization for European Eco-nomic Co-operation, as well as for five international non-governmental organizations,we have used, for reasons of space, the following universally accepted abbreviations:

United Nations UNEconomic and Social Council of the United Nations EcosocInternational Labour Organisation ILOFood and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations FAOUnited Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization . . . UnescoInternational Civil Aviation Organization ICAOWorld Health Organization WHOInternational Telecommunication Union ITUWorld Meteorological Organization , WMOInternationa] Trade Organization ITOUnited Nations International Children's Emergency Fund UnicefOrganization for European Economic Co-operation OEECInternational Council of Scientific Unions ICSUCouncil for International Organizations of Medical Sciences CIOMSInternational Union for the Protection of Nature IUPNUnion of International Engineering Organizations UATIInternational Council for Philosophy and Humanistic Studies ICPHS

Many of the other organizations described in the Directory are also known by initials.Those of which we were notified are given after the title of the organization and usedin the text describing it, as well as in texts on related organizations.

HEADINGS

The questionnaire sent to organizations covered 16 points, as follows:

1 Official name of the organization 10 Meetings2 Address 11 Voting3 Nature 12 Publications4 Aims 13 Relations with other international5 Governing Bodies and Officers organizations6 Members 14 Short History7 Commissions 15 Bibliographical References8 Facilities 16 Comments9 Finances

The Editor has made modifications in the presentation of information received, in order toconform to a standardized style, and to maintain the following sub-division of particulars:

1 OFFICIAL NAME OF THE ORGANIZATION: in English and French, followed by initials inuse, as well as other official titles when regularly used.

2 ADDRESS: official address of the organization, as well as other working, regional, presi-dential, etc. addresses when these are in regular use.

3' NATURE: an organization may be 'intergovernmental', 'non-govemmentaF, or 'semi-governmental'. The first category includes all international organizations establishedthrough an international agreement or a diplomatic convention; the second, those inter-national organizations which have not been established by intergovernmental agreement;the third, those international organizations which, though they may include govern-ments among their members, were not created by intergovernmental agreements.

4 AIMS : brief outline of the aims of the organization and information on its special acti-vities.

5 GOVERNING BODIES AND OFFICERS: information on the authorities which determinethe policy and supervise the work of the organization, and a list of the officers andmembers of the Secretariat, with their nationalities and terms of office (when fixed).

6 MEMBERS: types and total number of membership, with countries, national or inter-national organizations, listed in alphabetical order except when given in chrono-logical order of membership.

7 COMMISSIONS: commissions set up within the organization, with names and national-ities of their chairmen or other principal officials.

8 FACILITIES: special facilities such as laboratories, research centres, libraries, infor-mation services, microfilm libraries, museums, etc.

9 FINANCES: financial resources of the organization and, when possible, annual budget.10 MEETINGS: frequency of meetings of the organization and of its governing bodies.11 VOTING: provisions governing voting procedure, indicating whether voting is by coun-

tries, associations or individuals.12 PUBLICATIONS: list of the periodicals (indicating frequency) and other publications

of the organization with indication of the languages in which published.13 RELATIONS WITH OTHER INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS: relations between the organ-

ization and the United Nations, their Specialized Agencies, and/or any other inter-national bodies.

14 SHORT HISTORY: outline of the organization's history, origin, meetings held, workcarried out, formation of committees, etc.

15 BIBLIOGRAPHY: bibliographical details of publications containing references to theorganization.

16 COMMENTS: supplementary information likely to interest readers of the Directory:date and place of forthcoming congresses, programme of action, etc.

In addition to the Table of Contents giving the order in which the organizations in theDirectory are arranged (see ORDER ADOPTED), a SUBJECT INDEX is appended for the useof readers.

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C O N T E N T S

CHAPTER I. BASIC SCIENCES

The Biometric Society (BS) 23[Societe Internationale de Biometrie]

Central Bureau for Astronomical Telegrams (CBAT) 24[Bureau Central des Telegranunes Astronomiques]

Central Bureau, International 1:1,000,000 Map of the World . . 25[Bureau Central de la Carte du Monde au Millionieme]

Foundation for International Scientific Co-ordination . . . . 26[Fondation 'Pour la Science', Centre International de Synthese]

International Academy of the History of Science (IAHS) . . . 26[Academie Internationale d'Histoire des Sciences (AIHS)]

International Association of Limnology (IAL) 27[Association Internationale de Limnologie (AIL)]

International Association of Microbiologists (IAMB) 28[Association Internationale des Microbiologistes]

International Association on Quaternary Research (INQUA) . . 29[Association Internationale pour l'Etude du Quaternaire (INQUA)]

International Association of Sedimentology 30[Association Internationale de Sedimentologie]

International Astronomical Union (IAU) 30[Union Astronomique Internationale]

VIHth International Botanical Congress, Paris, 1954 34[VIHe Congres International de Botanique, Paris, 1954]

International Bureau for Physico-Chemical Standards . . . . 35[Bureau International des Etalons Physico-Chimiques]

International Bureau of Weights and Measures 36[Bureau International des Poids et Mesures (BIPM)]

International Commission for the Scientific Exploration of theMediterranean Sea 38

[Commission Internationale pour FExploration Scientifiquede la Mediterranee]

International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature . . . . 38[Commission Internationale de Nomenclature Zoologique]

International Committee of Electrochemical Thermodynamicsand Kinetics (CITCE) 39

[Comite International de Thermodynamique et de Cinetiqueelectrochimiques (CITCE)]

International Committee on Photobiology (CIP) 40[Comite International de Photobiologie (CIP)]

International Committee for the Study of Clays 41[Comite International pour l'Etude des Argiles (CIPEA)]

International Committee for the Unification of AnthropologicalMethods 42

[Comite International pour la Standardisation AnthropologiqueSynthetique (SAS)]

Hnd International Congress of Biochemistry, 1952 43[He Congres International de Biochimie, 1952]

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International Congress of Prehistoric and Protohistoric Sciences 43[Congres International des Sciences Prehistoriques et Proto-historiques]

International Council for the Exploration of the Sea . . . . 45[Conseil Permanent International pour l'Exploration de la Mer]

International Council of Scientific Unions (ICSU) 45[Conseil International des Unions Scientifiques]

International Federation of Culture Collections of Micro-Organisms(IFCC) 48

[Federation Internationale des Collections de Cultures de Micro-organismes]

International Foundation of the High Altitude Research Station,Jungfraujoch 50

[Fondation Internationale de la Station Scientifique du Jung-fraujoch]

International Geographical Union (IGU) 51[Union Geographique Internationale (UGI)]

International Geological Congress 53[Congres Geologique International]

International Hydrographic Bureau (IHB) 54[Bureau Hydrographique International (BHI)]

International Institute of Embryology (HE) 55[Institut International d'Embryologie (HE)]

International Institute of Theoretical Sciences (IIST) . . . . 56[Institut International des Sciences Theoriques (IIST)]

International Latitude Service (ILS) 57[Service International des Latitudes]

International Mathematical Union (IMU) 58[Union Mathematique Internationale IMU]

International Ornithological Congress 58[Congres Ornithologique International]

International Paleontological Union (IPU) 60[Union Paleontologique Internationale (UPI)]

International Scientific Radio Union 60[Union Radio-Scientifique Internationale (URSI)]

International Time Bureau 61[Bureau International de l'Heure (BIH)]

International Union of Anthropological and Ethnological Sciences 62[Union Internationale des Sciences Anthropologiques et Ethno-logiques]

International Union of Biological Sciences (IUBS) 63[Union Internationale des Sciences Biologiques (UISB)]

International Union of Crystallography (IUCr) 65[Union Internationale de Cristallographie]

International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics (IUGG) . . . 66[Union Geodesique et Geophysique Internationale]Annex I. International Association of Geodesy (IAG) . . . 68

[Association Internationale de Geodesie (AIG)]Annex II. International Association of Seismology and Physics

of the Interior of the Earth 70[Association Internationale dc Seismologie et dePhysique de l'lnterieur de la Terre]

Annex III. International Association of Meteorology (IAM) . 71[Association Internationale de Meteorologie (AIM)]

Annex IV. International Association of Terrestrial Magnetismand Electricity (IATME) 73

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[Association Internationale de Magnetisme etElectricite Terrestres]

Annex V. International Association of Physical Oceanography(IAPO) 74

[Association Internationale d'Oceanographie Phy-sique (AIOP)]

Annex VI. International Association of Vulcanology (IAV) . 75[Association Internationale de Yolcanologie]

Annex VII. International Association of Hydrology (IAH) . . 76[Association Internationale d'Hydrologie Scien-tifique]

International Union of the History of Science (IUHS) . . . . 77[Union Internationale d'Histoire des Sciences (UIHS)]

International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) . . 78[Union Internationale de Chimie Pure et Appliquee (UICPA)]

International Union of Pure and Applied Physics (IUPAP) . 81[Union Internationale de Physique Pure et Appliquee (UIPPA)]

International Union of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics (IUTAM) 82[Union Internationale de Mecanique Theorique et Appliquee]

Isostatic Institute (II) 84[Institut Isostatique]

Oceanographic Institute 84[Institut Oceanographique (10)]

Permanent Committee of the International Congress of Entomology 85[Comite Permanent du Congres International d'Entomologie]

Permanent Committee of the International Physiological Congresses 86[Comite Permanent des Congres Physiologiques Internationaux]

Permanent Committee of International Zoological Congresses . 87[Comite Permanent des Congres Internationaux de Zoologie(CPCIZ)]

Permanent International Committee for Genetics Congresses(PICGenC) 87[Comite Permanent des Congres Internationaux de Genetique]

Society for Cell Biology (SCB) 88[Societe de Cytologie Experimentale]

World Meteorological Organization (WMO) 89[Organisation Mcteorologique Mondiale (OMM)]

The Zoological Station of Naples (ZSN) 92[Station Zoologique de Naples]

Regional Organizations

Association of French-Speaking Microbiologists (AMILAF) . . 93[Association des Microbiologistes de Langue Franchise (AMILAF)]

European Council for Nuclear Research (CERN) 94[Conseil Europeen pour la Recherche Nucleate (CERN)]

Pan American Institute of Geography and History (PAIGH) . 94[Institut Panamericain de Geographie et d'Histoire (IPGH)]

Scandinavian Physiological Society 96[Societe Scandinave de Physiologie]

CHAPTER II. APPLIED SCIENCES

A. AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES

Dairy Industries Society, International (DISI) 101[Societe Internationale des Industries Laitieres]

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Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) 102[Organisation des Nations Unies pour 1'Alimentation et 1'Agri-culture (OAA)]

International Association of Wood Anatomists (LAW A) . . . . 106[Association Internationale des Anatomistes du Bois]

International Centre of Fertilizers (CIEC) 106[Centre International des Engrais Chimiques (CIEC)]

International Centre for Plant Protection 107[Centre International des Antiparasitaires]

International Commission of Agricultural Industries 108[Commission Internationale des Industries Agricoles]

International Commission of Rural Engineering (ICRE) . . . . 109[Commission Internationale du Genie Rural (CIGR)]

International Committee for Horticultural Congresses . . . . 110[Comite International pour les Congres d'Horticulture]

International Confederation of Technical Agriculturists (CITA) . I l l[Confederation Internationale des Ingenieurs et Techniciens del'Agricultuie (CITA)]

International Conference of Agricultural Economists (ICAE) . . 112[Conference Internationale des Economistes Agricoles]

International Federation of Agricultural Producers (IFAP) . . . 113[Federation Internationale des Producteurs Agricoles (FIPA)]

International Grassland Congress (IGC) 114[Congres International des Paturages]

International Institute of Sugar-Beet Research 115[Institut International de Recherches Betteravieres]

International Office of Epizootics (IOE) 116[Office International des Epizooties (OIE)]

International Poplar Commission 116[Commission Internationale du Peuplier (CIP)]

International Red Locust Control Service 118[Conseil International de Surveillance du Criquet Nomade]

International Rice Commission (IRC) 118[Commission Internationale du Riz]

International Seed Testing Association (ISTA) 120[Association Internationale d'Essais de Semences]

International Society of Soil Science (ISSS) 121[Societe Internationale de la Science du Sol]

International Standing Committee on Physiology and Pathologyof Animal Reproduction and of Artificial Insemination . . . . 122

[Comite International Permanent de Physiologie et Pathologie dela Reproduction Animate et d'Insemination Artificielle]

International Union of Agricultural Sciences 123[Union Internationale des Sciences Agronomiques (UISA)]

International Union of Forest Research Organizations . . . . 123[Union Internationale des Instituts de Recherches Forestieres]

International Wine Office (IWO) 124[Office International du Vin (OIV)]

International Wool Secretariat (IWS) 125[Secretariat International pour la Laine]

Permanent Commission of the International Sericultural Con-gresses—International Sericultural Commission (ISC) . . . . 126

[Commission Permanente des Congres Sericicoles Internationaux•—Commission Sericicole Internationale (CSI)]

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Permanent International Bureau of Analytical Chemistry1 of Humanand Animal Food 127

[Bureau International Permanent de Chimie Analytique pour legMatieres destinees a 1'Alimentation de l'Homme et des Animaux]

World's Poultry Science Association 127[Association Mondiale d'Aviculture Scientifique]

Regional Organizations

Coffee Commission of the Inter-American Economic and SocialCouncil 129

[Commission du Cafe du Conseil Economique et Social Inter-americain]

Commonwealth Agricultural Bureaux 129[Services Agricoles du Commonwealth Britannique]

European Association for Animal Production (EAAP) . . . . 131[Federation Europeenne de Zootechnie (FEZ)]

European Brewery Convention (EBC) 132[Convention Europeenne de la Brasserie]

European Commission on Forestry and Forest Products (ECFFP) 133[Commission Europeenne des Forets et Produits Forestiers(ECFFP)]

European Confederation of Agriculture (CEA) 134[Confederation Europeenne de 1'Agriculture (CEA)]

European Plant Protection Organization (EPPO) 135[Organisation Europeenne pour la Protection des Plantes (OEPP)]

Institute of Nutrition of Central America and Panama (INCAP) 136[Institut de Nutrition de FAmerique Centrale et de Panama]

Inter-American Conference on Plant Health 137[Conference Interamericaine pour la Protection des Vegetaux]

Inter-American Institute of Agricultural Sciences 138[Institut Interamericain des Sciences Agricoles]

Latin American Forestry Commission (LAFC) 139[Commission Forestiere Latino-Americaine (CFLA)]

Permanent Inter-American Anti-Locust Committee 139[ Comite Interamericain Permanent Antiacridien (CIPA)]

B. ENGINEERING SCIENCES

Flame Radiation Research Joint Committee 141[Comite International d'Etudes sur le Rayonnement des Flammes(CIERF)]

International Association for Asphalt in Building Construction 142[Association Internationale de l'Asphalte Applique a la Con-struction]

International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering(IABSE) 142

[Association Internationale des Ponts et Charpentes (AIPC)]International Association for Hydraulic Research (IAHR) . . . 143

[Association Internationale pour Recherches Hydrauliques(AIRH)]

International Commission on Glass (ICC) 144[Commission Internationale du Verre (ICG)]

International Commission on Illumination 145[Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage]

International Commission on Irrigation and Drainage (ICID) . 146[Commission Internationale d'lrrigation et de Drainage]

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International Commission on Large Dams of the World PowerConference 147

[Commission Internationale des Grands Barrages de la ConferenceMondiale de l'Energie (CIGB)]

International Conference on Large Electric Systems 148[Conference Internationale des Grands Reseaux Electriques(CIGRE)]

International Congresses for Modern Architecture 149[Les Congres Intemationaux d'Architecture Moderne (CLAM)]

International Consultative Telephone Committee (CCIF) . . . 150[Comite Consultatif International Telephonique (CCIF)]

International Council for Building Documentation 151[Conseil International de Documentation du Batiment (CIDB)]

International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) 152[Commission Electrotechnique Internationale]

International Federation for Housing and Town Planning . . . 1 5 3[Federation Internationale de l'Habitation et de PUrbanisme]

International Federation of National Engineering Associations 154[Federation Internationale d'Associations Nationales d'lnge-nieurs (FIANI)]

International Federation of Surveyors (IFS) 155[Federation Internationale des Geometres (FIG)]

International Gas Union (IGU) 156[Union Internationale de FIndustrie du Gaz (UIIG)]

International Institute of Refrigeration (IIR) 157[Institut International du Froid (IIF)]

International Institute of Welding (IIW) 158[Institut International de la Soudure (IIS)]

International Institution for Production Engineering Research . 160[College International pour l'Etude Scientifique des Techniquesde Production Mecanique]

International Mechanical Engineering Congress 160[Congres International des Fabrications Mecaniques]

International Organization for Standardization (ISO) . . . . 161[Organisation Internationale de Normalisation (ISO)]

International Radio Maritime Committee (CIRM) 163[Comite International Radio-Maritime (CIRM)]

International Railway Congress Association (IRCA) 164[Association Internationale du Congres des Chemins de Fer(AICCF)]

International Society of Photogrammetry 165[Societe Internationale de Photogrammetrie]

International Society of Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering 166[Societe Internationale de Mecanique des Sols et des Travauxde Fondations]

International Telecommunication Union (ITU) 167[Union Internationale des Telecommunications (UIT)]

International Union of Architects (UIA) 168[Union Internationale des Architectes (UIA)]

Permanent International Association of Navigation Congresses(PIANC) 169

[Association Internationale Permanente des Congres de Naviga-tion (AIPCN)]

Permanent International Association of Road Congresses (PIARC) 171[Association Internationale Permanente des Congres de la Route(AIPCR)]

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Permanent International Committee on Acetylene, Oxy-AcetyleneWelding and Allied Industries (CPI) 172

[Commission Permanente Internationale de F Acetylene, de laSoudure Autogene et des Industries qui s'y rattachent (CPI)]

Permanent International Committee of Underground Town Planning 172[Comite Permanent International d'Urbanisme Souterrain(CPIUS)]

Union of International Engineering Organizations (UATI) . . . 173[Union des Associations Techniques Internationales (UATI)]

Union of Testing and Research Laboratories for Materials andStructures 174

[Reunion des Laboratoires d'Essais et de Recherches sur lesMateriaux et les Constructions (RILEM)]

World Petroleum Congress 175[Congres Mondial du Petrole]

World Power Conference (WPC) 176[Conference Mondiale de l'Energie]

Regional Organizations

Continental Scientific Glass Union 178[Union Scientifique Continentale du Verre (USCV)]

International Commission on Rules for the Approval of ElectricalEquipment (CEE) 178

[Commission Internationale de Reglementation en vue de 1'Ap-probation de l'Equipement Electrique (CEE)]

Pan American Federation of Engineering Societies 179[Union Panamericaine des Associations d'lngenieurs]

Pan American Institute of Mining Engineering and Geology(PAIMEG) . 180

[Institut Panamericain de Technique Miniere et de Geologie]

C. MEDICAL SCIENCES

Art and Science, International Centre of Medical and Surgical Films 182[Art et Science, Centre International du Film Medical et Chirur-gical]

Council for International Organizations of Medical Sciences (CIOMS) 182[Conseil des Organisations Internationales des Sciences Medicates(CIOMS)]

Dental Documentary Foundation (DDF) 184[Fondation Documentaire Dentaire (FDD)]

International Academy of the History of Pharmacy 184[Academic Internationale d'Histoire de la Pharmacie]

International Academy of Legal Medicine and of Social Medicine 185[Academie Internationale de Medecine Legale et de MedecineSociale]

International Anatomical Congress 186[Congres International d'Anatomie]

International Association of Allergology (I AA) 187[Association Internationale d'Allergologie (IAA)]

International Association for Child Psychiatry (IACP) . . . . 188[Association Internationale de Psychiatrie Infantile]

International Association for the Co-ordination of Psychiatry andPsychological Methods 189

[Groupement International pour la Coordination de la Psychiatrieet des Methodes Psychologiques]

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International Association for Dental Research 190[Association Internationale pour la Recherche Dentaire]

International Association of Gerontology 190[Association Internationale de Gerontologie]

International Association of Logopedics and Phoniatries . . . 191[Association Internationale de Logopedie et de Phoniatrie]

International Association of Medical Museums (IAMM) . . . . 192[Association Internationale des Musees Medicaux]

International Association for Prevention of Blindness . . . . 192[Association Internationale de Prophylaxie de la Cecitf]

International Association of Psychotechnics (AIP) 193[Association Internationale de Psychotechnique (AIP)]

International Association of Thalassotherapy 194[Association Internationale de Thalassotherapie]

International Asthma Congress 195[Congres International de l'Asthme (CIA)]

International College of Surgeons 195[College International de Chirurgiens]

International Committee of Military Medicine and Pharmacy . . 196[Comite International de Medecine et de Pharmacie Militaires]

International Conference on Audiology 197[Conference Internationale d'Audiologie]

1st International Congress of the BCG 198[ler Congres International du BCG]

International Congress of Dermatology 199[Congres International de Dermatologie]

International Congress of Neo-Hippocratic Medicine 199[Congres International de Medecine Hippocratique]

International Congress of Neuropathology 200[Congres International de Neuropathologie]

Vth International Congress of Otolaryngology 200[Ve Congres International d'Oto-Laryngologie]

International Congress of Radiology (ICR) 201[Congres International de Radiologie]

International Congresses of Tropical Medicine and Malaria . . . 202[Congres Internationaux de Medecine Tropicale et du Paludisme]

International Council of Nurses (ICN) 203[Conseil International des Infinnieres]

International Council of Ophthalmology 204[Conseil International d'Ophtalmologie]

International Dental Federation (FDI) 205[Federation Dentaire Internationale (FDI)]

International Diabetes Federation (IDF) 206[Federation Internationale du Diabete (FID)]

International Federation of Ophthalmological Societies . . . . 207[Federation Internationale des Societes d'Ophtalmologie]

International Federation of Physical Medicine (IFPM) . . . . 208[Federation Internationale de Medecine Physique (FIMP)]

International Federation of Societies for Electroencephalographyand Clinical Neurophysiology 209

[Federation Internationale de Societes d'Electro-encephalographieet de Neurophysiologie Clinique]

International Federation of Thermalism and Climatism . . . . 210[Federation Internationale du Thermalisme et du Climatisme(FITEC)]

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International Homeopathic League (IHL) 211[Ligue Homeopathique Internationale (LHI)]

International Hospital Federation (IHF) 211[Federation Internationale des Hopitaux (FIH)]

International League against Rheumatism 213[Ligue Internationale contre le Rhumatisme]

International Leprosy Association . . . 213[Societe Internationale de la Lepre]

International Medico-Athletic Federation (FIMS) 214[Federation Internationale de Medecine Sportive (FIMS)]

Vth International Neurological Congress 215[Ve Congres Neurologique International]

International Organization against Trachoma (IOAT) . . . . 216[Organisation Internationale contre le Trachome]

International Paediatric Association 217[Association Internationale de Pediatrie]

International Pharmaceutical Federation 218[Federation Internationale Pharmaceutique (FIP)]

International Scientific Committee for Trypanosomiasis Research(ISCTR) 219

[Comite Scientifique International de Recherches sur la Try-panosomiase]

International Society of Blood Transfusion 219[Societe Internationale de Transfusion Sanguine]

International Society of Cardiology (ISC) 220[Societe Internationale de Cardiologie (SIC)]

International Society of Clinical Pathology (ISCP) 221[Societe Internationale de Biologie Clinique (SIBC)]

International Society of Criminology 222[Societe Internationale de Criminologie (SIC)]

International Society of Gastro-Enterology 224[Societe Internationale de Gastro-Enterologie (SIGE)]

International Society of Geographical Pathology 224[Societe Internationale de Pathologie Geographique]

International Society of Haematology 225[Societe Internationale d'Hematologie]

International Society of the History of Medicine 226[Societe Internationale d'Histoire de la Medecine (SIHM)]

International Society of Internal Medicine 227[Societe Internationale de Medecine Interne]

International Society of Medical Hydrology (ISMH) 228[Societe Internationale de Medecine Hydrologique (SIMH)]

International Society for the Organization of the World Congressesof Psychiatry 228

[Societe Internationale pour l'Organisation des Congres Mondiauxde Psychiatrie]

International Society for Orthopaedagogics 229[Societe Internationale pour la Pedagogie de l'Enfance Deficiente]

International Society of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology . 229[Societe Internationale de Chirurgie Orthopedique et de Trauma-tologie]

International Society of Surgery 230[Societ6 Internationale de Chirurgie]

International Society of Urology 231[Society Internationale d'Urologie]

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International Society for the Welfare of Cripples (ISWC) . . . 232[Societe Internationale pour la Protection des Invalides]

International Union against Cancer (UICC) 234[Union Internationale contre le Cancer (UICC)]

International Union of Nutritional Sciences (IUNS) 235[Union Internationale des Sciences de la Nutrition (UISN)]

International Union of Railway Medical Services 236[Union Internationale des Services Medicaux des Chemins de Fer(UIMC)]

International Union of Scientific Psychology 236[Union Internationale de Psychologie Scientifique]

International Union against Tuberculosis 237[Union Internationale contre la Tuberculose (UICT)]

International Union against the Venereal Diseases 238[Union Internationale contre le Peril Venerien (UIPV)]

Medical Research and Deontologic Centre of the InternationalOrgan-ization of Catholic Intellectuals 'Pax Romana' 239

[Centre de Recherches et de Deontologie Medicales du MouvementInternational des Intellectuels Catholiques 'Pax Romana']

Medical Women's International Association 240[Association Internationale des Femmes Medecins (AIFM)]

Permanent Committee for the International Veterinary Congresses 241[Commission Permanente des Congres Internationaux de MedecineVeterinaire]

Permanent International Committee of Congresses of ComparativePathology 242

[Comite International Permanent des Congres de PathologieComparee]

Permanent International Committee on Industrial Medicine . . 242[Commission Internationale Permanente pour la Medecine duTravail]

World Federation for Mental Health (WFMH) 243[Federation Mondiale pour la Sante Mentale (FMSM)]

World Health Organization (WHO) 245[Organisation Mondiale de la Sante (OMS)]

World Medical Association (WMA) 248[Association Medicale Mondiale (AMM)]

World Union of Societies for the History of Pharmacy . . . . 249[Union Mondiale des Societes d'Histoire Pharmaceutique (UMHP)]

Regional Organizations

American Hospital Association 251[Association Americaine des Hopitaux]

American Public Health Association (APHA) 251[Association Americaine de Sante Publitjue]

Association of French-speaking Paediatricians 253[Association des Pediatres de Langue Franchise]

Association of National European and Mediterranean Societies ofGastro-Enterology (ASNEMGE) 253

[Association des Societes Nationales Europeennes et Mediter-raneennes de Gastro-Enterologie (ASNEMGE)]

Congress of Alienists and Neurologists of France and French-speak-ing Countries 254

[Congres des Medecins Alienistes et Neurologistes de France etdes Pays de Langue Franchise]

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European Association against Poliomyelitis 255[Association Europeenne contre la Poliomyelite]

European League against Rheumatism 256[Ligue Europeenne contre le Rhumatisme]

European Society of Cardiology 256[Societe Europeenne de Cardiologie]

Inter-American Hospita' Association 257[Association Interamericaine des Hopitaux]

Latin American Union of Societies of Phthisiology 258[Union Latino-Americaine des Societes de Phtisiologie]

Pan American Association of Ophthalmology 258[Association Panamericaine d'Ophtalmologie]

Pan American Homeopathic Medical Congress (PAHMC) . . . 260[Congres Panamericain d'Homeopathie]

Pan American Medical Association 261[Association Me'dicale Panamericaine]

Pan American Odontological Association 262[Association Odontologique Panamericaine]

Pan American Sanitary Organization (PASO) 263[Organisation Sanitaire Panamericaine]

Permanent Inter-African Bureau for Tsetse and Trypanosomiasis(BPITT) 264

[Bureau Permanent Interafricain de la Tse-Tse et de la Try-panosomiase (BPITT)]

CHAPTER III. MISCELLANEOUS

Association for the Utilization and Diffusion of Documentation(UDD) 267

[Association pour l'Utilisation et la Diffusion de la Documen-tation (UDD)]

International Association of Universities (IAU) 267[Association Internationale des Universites (AIU)]

International Broadcasting Organization (OIR) 268[Organisation Internationale de Radiodiffusion (OIR)]

International Committee for Bird Preservation (ICBP) . . . . 269[Comite International pour la Preservation des Oiseaux (CIPO)]

International Committee of Scientific Management (CIOS) . . . 270[Comite International de l'Organisation Scientifique (CIOS)]

International Council of Museums (ICOM) 271[Conseil International des Musees (ICOM)]

International Federation for Documentation (FID) 273[Federation Internationale de Documentation (FID)]

International Federation of Dog Breeders 274[Federation Cynologique Internationale (FCI)]

International Federation of Library Associations (IFLA) . . . 275[Federation Internationale des Associations de Bibliothecaires(FLAB)]

International Scientific Film Association 277[Association Internationale de Cinema Scientifique]

International Statistical Institute (ISI) 278[Institut International de Statistique (IIS)]

International Union of Directors of Zoological Gardens . . . . 279[Union Internationale de Directeurs de Jardins Zoologiques]

19

International Union for the Protection of Nature (IUPN) . . . 280[Union Internationale pour la Protection de la Nature (UIPN)]

International Union for the Scientific Study of Population . . . 282[Union Internationale pour l'Etude Scientifique de la Population]

International Whaling Commission (IWC) 283[Commission Internationale de la Chasse a la Baleine]

International Whaling Statistic: 283[Statistiques Baleinieres Internationales]

Society for Freedom in Science (SFS) 284[Societe pour la Liberte de la Science]

United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization(Unesco) 284

[Organisation des Nations Unies pour l'Education, la Science et laCulture (Unesco)]

World Federation of Scientific Workers (WFSW) 291[Federation Mondiale des Travailleurs Scientifiques]

Regional Organizations

Caribbean Commission 293[Commission des Caraibes]

European Broadcasting Union (EBU) 294[Union Europeenne de Radiodifiusion (UER)]

Indo-Pacific Fisheries Council (IPFC) 295[Conseil Indo-Pacifique des Peches]

Inter-American Indian Institute 297[Institut Indigeniste Interamericain]

International Conference of West Africanists (CIAO) . . . . 298[Conference Internationale des Africanistes de l'Ouest (CIAO)]

International Fisheries Commission 299[Commission Internationale des Pecheries]

International Pacific Salmon Fisheries Commission 299[Commission Internationale des Pecheries du Saumon du Paci-fique]

Pacific Science Association (PSA) 300[Association Scientifique du Pacifique]

Scientific Council for Africa South of the Sahara (CSA) . . . 302[Conseil Scientifique pour PAfrique au Sud du Sahara (CSA)]

South Pacific Commission (SPC) 303[Commission du Pacifique Sud]

SUBJECT INDEX 305

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C H A P T E R I

B A S I C S C I E N C E S

THE BIOMETRIC SOCIETY (BS)[SOCIETE INTERNATIONALE DE BIOMETRIE]

2 ADDRESS : c/o Dr. C. I. Bliss, Secretary-Treasurer, P. O. Box 1106, New Haven 4, Conn.,U.S.A. Telephone: UN 5-7359.

Regional and National Secretaries: Dr. Walter T. Federer, Cornell University,Ithaca, N.Y., U.S.A.; Wade C. Rollins, 320 Eye Street, Davis, Calif., U.S.A.; Dr. D. J.Finney, 6 Keble Road, Oxford, U.K.; J. A. Keats, c/o Australian Council for Educa-tional Research, 147 Collins Street, Melbourne, Australia; Daniel Schwartz, 2, avenued'Orsay, Paris-7e, France; N. F. Gjeddebaek, Islandsvej 2, Lyngby, Denmark; LuigiCavalli, Istituto Sieroterapico Milanese, Via Darwin 20, Milan, Italy; Dr. M. G. Neur-denburg, Frans van Mierisstraat 134, Amsterdam, Zuid I, Netherlands; Dr. L. Martin,104, avenue Albert, Brussels, Belgium.

3 NATURE: Non-governmental.

4 AIMS: The Biometric Society is an international society for the advancement of quan-titative biological science through the development of quantitative theories and theapplication, development and dissemination of effective mathematical and statisticaltechniques.

5 GOVERNING BODIES: The Council: the President, the Vice-Presidents, and the Secre-tary-Treasurer are ex officio members of the Council. There are not less than 12 normore than 20 ordinary members of the Council, who are elected with a view to repre-senting the various geographic areas and fields of activity in which the Society hasmembers. Ordinary members of the Council are elected for three years by a mail voteof the members, the terms of approximately one-third of them terminating each year.OFFICERS: President: Prof. Georges Darmois (France); Vice-Presidents: Blair M.Bennett (U.S.A.), Dr. S. Lee Crump (U.S.A.), Dr. Frank Yates (U.K.), Prof. C. W.Emmens (Australia, 1954), Prof. Georges Teissier (France, 1954), Prof. Paul Spehl(Belgium); Secretary-Treasurer: Dr. C. I. Bliss (U.S.A.); Members: Dr. D. J. Finney(U.K., 1953), Dr. John W. Hopkins (Canada, 1953), Dr. N. K. Jerne (Denmark, 1953),Dr. P.C. Mahalanobis (India, 1953), Dr. Kenneth Mather (U.K., 1953), Dr. MargaretMerrell (U.S.A., 1953), Dr. J. O. Irwin (U.K., 1954), Prof. Arthur Linder (Switzerland,1954), Prof. A. M. Mood (U.S.A., 1954), Dr. C. Radhakrishna Rao (India, 1954), Dr.H. C. Batson (U.S.A., 1955), Dr. L. L. Cavalli-Sforza (Italy, 1955), Prof. W. G. Cochran(U.S.A., 1955), Sir Ronald Fisher (U.K., 1955), Dr. L. Martin (Belgium, 1955), Prof.J. W. Tukey (U.S.A., 1955).

6 MEMBERS: Individual membership; to become a member a person must be proposedby two members of the Society and approved by the Council. As of end December1952, the membership list was as follows: Alaska 2, Argentina 4, Australia 27, Austria 1,Belgian Congo 1, Belgium 6, Brazil!, British Guiana I, British West Indies 4, Canada 34,Cuba 1, Denmark 13, Egypt 1, Federation of Malaya 2, Finland 1, France 54, Germany 3,Hawaii 8, India 7, Ireland 1, Israel 3, Italy 41, Japan 1, Mexico 1, Morocco 1, Nether-lands 12, New Zealand 3, Nigeria 1, Norway 2, Peru 1, Philippines 3, Portugal 1,Puerto Rico 2, Southern Rhodesia 1, Sudan 1, Sweden 10, Switzerland 12, Union ofSouth Africa 2, United Kingdom 135, United States of America 555 individual members,8 sustaining members, Uruguay 2, Venezuela 2, West Africa 1. Total: 973.

9 FINANCES: Dues from members are fixed by the Council. Bequests and gifts may bereceived.

10 MEETINGS: International meetings are held at irregular intervals. Regional meetingsare held frequently but at irregular intervals.

11 VOTING: Mail ballot by individual members.

23

12 PUBLICATIONS: Biometrics, quarterly. Proceedings of the First International BiometricConference (reprinted from Biometrics, December 1947 and March 1948). BiometricalClinic on Entomological Problems: Proceedings, February 1950. Proceedings of theSecond International Biometric Conference (reprinted from Biometrics, March 1950).

13 RELATIONS WITH OTHER INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS: The Biometric Society isthe Biometric Section of the International Union of Biological Sciences, which is itselffederated in ICSU.

14 SHORT HISTORY: The Biometric Society was founded in September 1947 at the MarineBiological Laboratory, 'Woods Hole, Mass., U.S.A., during the First InternationalBiometric Conference. The Second Conference was held at Geneva in August 1949.An International Biometric Symposium took place at Calcutta in December 1951.

16 COMMENTS: The Biometric Society delegates some of its functions to five regionalsubdivisions: Eastern North American Region, Western North American Region,Australasian Region, British Region and French Region, and to National Secretariesin Belgium, Denmark, Italy and the Netherlands. The Third International BiometricConference will be held in Bellagio, Italy, in the autumn of 1953.

CENTRAL BUREAU FOR ASTRONOMICALTELEGRAMS (CBAT)

[BUREAU CENTRAL DES TELEGRAMMES ASTRONOMIQUES]

2 ADDRESS: University Observatory, 0stervoldgade 3, Copenhagen K, Denmark.Telephone: PAlae 1790. Cable address: OBSERVATORY COPENHAGEN.

3 NATURE: Non-governmental.

4 AIMS: TO spread news of astronomical discoveries by telegrams and circulars.

5 GOVERNING BODIES: Commission 6 of the International Astronomical Union, OFFICERS :President of Commission 6: Prof. A. A. Mikhailov, Astronomical Council of the Academyof Sciences of the U.S.S.R., Pyzhevskij per 3, Moskva 17, U.S.S.R. (term expires1955); Director of the Central Bureau: Julie M. Vinter Hansen, Denmark, (term in-determinate).

6 MEMBERS: Subscribers to telegrams and circulars in: Argentina, Australia, Austria,Belgium, Brazil, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, Egypt, Finland, France, Germany,Greece, Hungary, India, Indonesia, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Netherlands, New Zealand,Northern Ireland, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Rumania, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,Trieste, Union of South Africa, Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, United Kingdom,United States of America, Uruguay, Yugoslavia.

•7 COMMISSIONS: Co-operating bodies for telegrams: Commonwealth Observatory, Can-berra (for Australia); Union Observatory, Johannesburg (for Union of South Africa);Sternerberga Astronomical Institute, Moscow (for U.S.S.R.). In co-opeiation with theCentral Bureau, but independent of it: Harvard College Observatory, Cambridge,Mass., U.S.A. (for the Americas).

9 FINANCES: The Bureau is self-supporting, the subscribers to telegrams and circularspaying advance amounts to cover expenses. A grant of 1,200 gold francs is given tothe Director of the Bureau every year for clerical help and the like.

10 MEETINGS: Every third year.

24

12 PUBLICATIONS: Telegrams and circulars when needed (generally one circular weekly).Report of work of Bureau and printed code for astronomical telegrams, both publishedin the Transactions of the International Astronomical Union.

13 RELATIONS WITH OTHER INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS: The Bureau is sponsored bythe International Astronomical Union which is itself federated in ICSU.

14 SHORT HISTORY: The Bureau was founded in 1919 under the auspices of the Inter-national Astronomical Union, with its seat at the Observatory, Brussels, and G.Lecointe as Director. In 1922, the Bureau was moved to the Observatory, Copenhagen,with Prof. E. Stromgren as Director. Prof. E. Stromgren functioned as Director untilhis death in April 1947. In June 1947 Senior Astronomer Julie W. Vinter Hansenof the Observatory, Copenhagen, was appointed Director.

CENTRAL BUREAU,INTERNATIONAL 1:1,000,000 MAP OF THE WORLD

[BUREAU CENTRAL DE LA CARTE DU MONDE AU MILLIONIEME]

2 ADDRESS: Ordnance Survey Office, Leatherhead Road, Chessington, Surrey, U.K.Telephone: Epsom 2660-8. Cable address: ORDSURVEY SURBITON.

3 NATURE: Intergovernmental.

4 AIMS: To co-ordinate the publication by Member States of a map of the world on a scaleof 1:1,000,000 using uniform sheet lines, symbols and conventional signs, as set outin the accepted resolutions of the 1909 and 1913 Conferences and the Commissionof 1928.

5 GOVERNING BODIES: OFFICERS: President: Major-General R.LI. Brown, C.B., C.B.E.;Secretary: Lieut.-Colonel L. J. Harris, O.B.E., R.E.

6 MEMBERS: Countries who have subscribed: Anglo-Egyptian Sudan, Argentina, Austra-lia, Austria, Belgian Congo, Belgium, Bolivia, Bulgaria, Canada, Chile, China, Czecho-slovakia, Denmark, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, Finland, France, FrenchWest Africa, Germany, Greece, Guatemala, Honduras, Hungary, India, Indonesia,Ireland, Italy, Japan, Lithuania, Monaco, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Pakistan,Peru, Poland, Portugal, Portuguese Colonies, Rhodesia, Rumania, Spain, Sweden,Switzerland, Thailand, Turkey, Union of South Africa, United Kingdom, United Statesof America, Uruguay, Venezuela, Viet-Nam, Yugoslavia.

8 FACILITIES: Collection of published sheets of the International 1:1,000,000 map ofthe world.

9 FINANCES: Annual subscription of £10 from adhering countries.

12 PUBLICATIONS: Annual Reports 1921-38, 1952. Short Report for period 1939-48.

14 SHORT HISTORY: The need for a 1 :1,000,000 map of the world was discussed at theInternational Geographical Congresses at Berne 1891, London 1895, Berlin 1899 andGeneva 1908. At an International Map Conference in 1909 in London called by theBritish Government, specifications for producing the map were prepared. At a secondConference in 1913 in Paris called by the French Government the Central Bureauwas created. During World War II many records were destroyed by bombing. Theyare now being reconstituted.

25

FOUNDATION FOR INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFICCO-ORDINATION

[FONDATION 'POUR LA SCIENCE', CENTRE INTERNATIONAL DE SYNTHESE]

2 ADDRESS: Hotel de Nevers, 12, rue Colbert, Paris-2e, France. Telephone: RIChelieu 68-17.

3 NATURE: Non-governmental.

4 AIMS: To develop and co-ordinate research in pure science, to overcome the drawbacksof excessive specialization and exclusively utilitarian concerns.

5 GOVERNING BODIES : Administrative Board: four Sections, OFFICERS : President: EdouardHerriot (France); 1st Vice-Chairman: Julien Cain (France); 2nd Vice-Chairman:G. Smets (Belgium); Secretary: Gonzague de Reynold (Switzerland); Treasurer:Paul Bastier (France); Director: Henri Berr (France); Assistant Director: LucienFebvre (France); Director of the Historic Synthesis Section: L.P. May (France); Directorof the Natural Science Section: Edmond Bauer (France); Director of the General SynthesisSection: Andre Lalande (France); Director of the Section of the History of Science:Raymond Bayer (France); Secretariat: Paul Chalus (France), Miss Suzanne Delorme(France).

8 FACILITIES: Library of 5,000 volumes and card indexes.

9 FINANCES: Grant from the French Ministry of Education (Relations Culturelles andCentre National de la Recherche Scientifique).

10 MEETINGS: The Sections hold monthly meetings. There is also a Synthesis Weekonce a year.

12 PUBLICATIONS: Revue de Synthese, quarterly. Revue d'Histoire des Sciences, quarterly.Revue de Synthese Historique, 1900-30. Table for the years 1900-10. Semaines deSynthese, annually.

14 SHORT HISTORY: The foundation was established in 1925 by Henri Berr, with theassistance of Paul Doumer, President of the French Republic.

15 BIBLIOGRAPHY: The Hotel de Nevers and the Centre International de Synthese (InauguralAddress given when the Centre was installed in its new premises), Presses Univer-sitaires, 1929.

INTERNATIONAL ACADEMY OF THE HISTORYOF SCIENCE (IAHS)

[ACADEMIE INTERNATIONALE D'HISTOIRE DES SCIENCES (AIHS)]

2 ADDRESS: Hotel de Nevers, 12, rue Colbert, Paris-2e, France. Telephone: RIChelieu68-17.

3 NATURE: Non-governmental.

4 AIMS: To promote progress in the historiography of science by bringing together theleading experts throughout the world; in publishing collections and journals devotedto history of science and organizing international congresses on the history of science.

5 GOVERNING BODIES : The Academy is controlled by a Council consisting of a Chairman,three Vice-Chairmen, a Comptroller-Treasurer (eligible for re-election), elected everythree years, and in addition a permanent Secretary and the former Chairmen of the

26

Acadamy, OFFICERS: Chairman: J. A. Vollgraff (Netherlands, 1953); Vice-Chairmen:I. S. Bodenheimer (Israel, 1953) A. Cortesao (Portugal, 1953), E. Wickersheimer(France, 1953); Permanent Secretary: P. Sergescu (Rumania); Former Chairmen:Giuo Loria (Italy), Charles Singer (U.K.), Q. Vetter (Czechoslovakia), A. Reymond(Switzerland), P. Sergescu (Rumania).

6 MEMBERS: 50 full members and 100 corresponding members: Argentina 4, Austria 2,Belgium 4, Brazil 3, Canada 1, China 2, Czechoslovakia 6, Denmark 2, France 13,Germany 8, Greece 2, Guatemala 1, Hungary 1, India 2, /rare 2, Israel 2, Ita/y 9, Japan 1,Mexico 1, Netherlands 7, Norway 1, Poland 3, Portugal 4, Rumania 3, Spain 3, Sweden 4,Switzerland 4, Turkey 1, Union of Soviet Socialist Republics 3, United Kingdom 15,United States of America 18, Uruguay 1; 17 vacancies to be filled after the electionsof 1953 and 1954.

8 FACILITIES: Library (1,000 volumes, 40 sets of periodicals). Documentation service.

10 MEETINGS : The Council meets in Paris every year and may be attended by full members.Ordinary sessions are held once every three years. The last session was at Amsterdamin 1950. The International Congresses on the History of Science are held in conjunctionwith the triennial sessions of the Academy.

11 VOTING: By individual vote.

12 PUBLICATIONS: Archives Internationales d'Histoire des Sciences, quarterly, 5 vols. Col-lection: Travaux Scientifiques de VAcademie Internationale d'Histoire des Sciences,7 vols. (English, French). Yearbook, 3 vols.

13 RELATIONS WITH OTHER INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS: The Academy is the governingbody for scientific questions of the International Union of the History of Science.

14 SHORT HISTORY: Meetings of the International Committee on the History of Science:Oslo, August 1928, and Paris, July 1929. Since 1929 three-yearly sessions of the Inter-national Academy of the History of Science: London 1931, Colmbra-Lisbon 1934,Cluj-Bucarest 1936, Prague 1937, Lausanne 1947, Amsterdam 1950. Organization ofthe first six International Congresses of History of Science.

15 BIBLIOGRAPHY: Archeion, 25 vols. Archives Internationales d'Histoire des Sciences,5 vols. Yearbook, 3 vols. Liste des Membres de FAcademie, 1947.

16 COMMENTS: The Seventh International Congress will be held at Jerusalem in August1953.

INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF LIMNOLOGY(IAL)

[ASSOCIATION INTERNATIONALE DE LIMNOLOGIE (AIL)]

2 ADDRESS: C/O Dr. Wilhelm Rodhe, Institute of Limnology, Uppsala, Sweden.

3 NATURE: Non-governmental.

4 ATMS: To further the progress of theoretical and applied limnology by holding con-gresses, by publishing the proceedings of the congresses, and by a bibliographicalservice on current limnological literature.

5 GOVERNING BODIES: The International Committee, the Executive Committee, and theCongress or general meeting of all members, OFFICERS (until 1953): President: Dr.Gunnar Aim (Sweden); Vice-Presidents: Prof. B. Hanko (Hungary), Dr. C. Huber-Pestalozzi (Switzerland), Prof. G.E. Hutchinson (U.S.A.), Prof. F. Lenz (Germany),Prof. P. van Oye (Belgium), Prof. S. Stankovic (Yugoslavia), Prof. I. Valikangas

27

(Finland); Assessor: Dr. P. Vivier (France); General Secretary and Treasurer: Dr.Wilhelm Rodhe (Sweden).

6 MEMBERS: The Association consists of about 600 members, from 40 different countries.

8 FACILITIES : The proceedings of the Congresses and other publications of the Association.

10 MEETINGS: Congresses are held every two or three years, in August.

11 VOTING: By individual members.

12 PUBLICATIONS: Verhandlungen der Internationalen Vereinigung fur Limnologie (Pro-ceedings of the International Association of Limnology) Travaux de I'Association Inter-nationale de Limnologie).

13 RELATIONS WITH OTHER INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS: The Association is the Limno-logical Section of the International Union of Biological Sciences, which is itselffederated in ICSU.

14 SHORT HISTORY: The Association was founded in 1922 at Kiel, on the basis of a proposalby Prof. Dr. August Thienemann (Germany), and the late Prof. Dr. Einar Naumann(Sweden). Congresses: Germany 1922; Austria 1923; Union of Soviet Socialist Repub-lics 1925; Italy 1927; Hungary 1930; Netherlands 1932; Yugoslavia 1934; France1937; Sweden 1939; Switzerland 1948; Belgium 1950.

15 BIBLIOGRAPHY: 25 Jahre international^ Vereinigung filr theoretische und angewandteLimnologie, by Prof. Dr. Friedrich Lenz, 1948.

16 COMMENTS: Congresses planned for 1953 in the United Kingdom, and 1956 in Finland.

INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATIONOF MIjCROBIOLOGISTS (IAMB)

[ASSOCIATION INTERNATIONALE DES MICROBIOLOGISTES]

2 ADDRESS: c/o Prof. G. Penso, Istituto Superiore di Sanita, Viale Regina Margherita 299,Rome, Italy. Telephone: 490051. Cable address: PENSO ISTISAN ROME.

3 NATURE: Non-governmental.

4 AIMS: The Association aims to secure the continuity of the international triennialcongresses of microbiology, and to aid in other useful ways the science of microbiology.

5 GOVERNING BODIES: Permanent International Commission for the Organization ofCongresses of Microbiology, OFFICERS: Chairman: Prof. Olympio da Fonseca (Brazil);Secretary-General: Prof. Giuseppe Penso (Italy).

6 MEMBERS: National Groups affiliated to the Association in: Argentina, Australia,Austria, Belgium, Canada, Chile, Cuba, Denmark, Egypt, Finland, France, Germany,Greece, Iceland, India, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Japan, Mexico, Netherlands, New Zealand,Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, Union of South Africa, United Kingdom,United States of America, Uruguay, Venezuela.

7 COMMISSIONS: Permanent International Committee on Bacteriological Nomenclature:Chairman: Prof. R. S. Breed (U.S.A.). Judicial Commission: Chairman: Dr. R. E.Buchanan. Subcommittees: Enterobacteriaciae: Chairman: Dr. F. Kauffmann (Den-mark); Clostridia: Chairman: Dr. A. R. Prevot (France); Mycobacterie: Chairman:Dr. Giuseppe Penso (Italy); Phage-typing: Chairman: Dr. Felix (U.K.).

8 FACILITIES: Centre de Collections de Types Microbiens, 19, rue Cesar-Roux, Lausanne,Switzerland.

10 MEETINGS: International Congresses are held triennially.

28

12 PUBLICATIONS: Proceedings of Congresses.

13 RELATIONS WITH OTHEH INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS: T h e I A M B is the MlCrobio-logical Section of the International Union of Biological Sciences which is itself fede-rated in ICSU.

14 SHORT HISTORY: First International Congress, Paris 1930; Second, London 1936; Third,New York 1939; Fourth, Copenhagen 1947; Fifth, Rio de Janeiro 1950.

16 COMMENTS: Sixth Congress in Rome, 6-12 September 1953.

INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATIONON QUATERNARY RESEARCH (INQUA)

[ASSOCIATION INTERNATIONALE POUR L'ETUDE DU QUATERNAIRE (iNQUA)]

INTERNATIONALE QUARTjRVEREZNIGUNG (INQUA)

ASSOCIAZIONE INTERNAZIONALE PER LO STUDIO DEL QUATERNARIO

2 ADDRESS: Istituto di Geologia, Via S. Maria 31, Pisa, Italy. Telephone: 3125. Cableaddress: INQUA PISA.

3 NATURE: Semi-governmental.

4 AIMS: Co-ordination of research on the quaternary formation throughout the world,and the organization of conferences in different countries every three or four years.

5 GOVERNING BODIES: Organizing Committee: OFFICERS (until end 1953): Chairman:Prof. M. Gortani (Italy); Secretaries: Prof. A. C. Blanc, Prof. E. Tongiorgi, Prof.L. Trevisan (Italy).

6 MEMBERS: Individuals and organizations in: Argentina, Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria,Czechoslovakia, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Indonesia,Ireland, Israel, Italy, Japan, Mexico, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Rumania, Spain,Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Turkey, Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, United King-dom, United States of America, Yugoslavia.

9 FINANCES: Subscriptions from members and subsidies from the various governmentsfor the sessions.

12 PUBLICATIONS: Account of the First Meeting of the Association, Copenhagen 1928, 1930.Bulletin of the Information Section of the Association, I-IV, Leningrad, 1931-32. Guideto the Excursion of the Second Conference, I-IV, Leningrad-Moscow, 1932-35. DieLiteratur zur alpinen Eiszeitforschung (Machatschek), I-III, 1935-36. Fiihrer fur dieExkursionen der III. Quartar-Konferenz durch die osterreichischen Alpenldnder undderen Vorland, Vienna 1936. Transactions of the Third Conference, Vienna 1936,1938,Vienna III, Rasumofskygasse 23," Geologische Bundesanstalt.

14 SHORT HISTORY: Founded in 1928 at Copenhagen as the International Association forthe Study of European Quarternary Period and enlarged in 1932 to form a WorldInternational Association. Conference at Copenhagen 1928; Leningrad-Moscow 1932;Vienna 1936.

16 COMMENTS: The Fourth International Congress will take place from 30 August to10 September 1953 at Rome and Pisa, Italy. The Congress will be subdivided intothe following sections: Astronomy, Physics of the Earth, Climatic Pedology andPetrography of Sediments, Morphology, Glaciology, Hydrology and Limnology,Palaeontology, Palaeoanthropology, Palaethnology. The time-table will be so ar-ranged as to permit all participants to take part in the general discussions on Geo-chronology, Palaeoclimatology, and the Regional Quaternary.

29

INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATIONOF SEDIMENTOLOGY

[ASSOCIATION INTERNATIONALE DE S12D1MENTOLOGIE]

2 ADDRESS: C/O Dr. A.Vatan, Secretaire General, Institut du Petrole, Rueil (Seine-et-Oise), France. Telephone: Malmaison 31-12. Cable address: VATAN INSPETROL RUEIL.President: Prof. Dr. D. J. Doeglas, Landbouwhogeschool, Duivendaalse Laan 2,"Wageningen, Netherlands. Vice-President: Prof. C. W. Correns, Sedimentpetrographi-sches Institut der Universitat Gottingen, Germany.

3 NATURE: Non-governmental.

4 AIMS: (a) To promote the study of sedimentology; (b) to initiate, facilitate and co-ordi-nate research into, and investigation of, those sedimentological problems which requireinternational co operation and (c) to provide for discussion, comparison and publicationof research results.

5 GOVERNING BODIES: The General Assembly which elects the President, Vice-President,General Secretary and four members of the Council. The Bureau which consists ofthe President, the Vice-President and the General Secretary, OFFICERS (terms end1956): President: Prof. Dr. D. J. Doeglas (Netherlands); Vice-President: Prof. C. W.Correns (Germany); General Secretary: Dr. A. Vatan (France).

9 FINANCES: The annual dues of members: U.S. $1.00.

10 MEETINGS: Every two years.

11 VOTING: Individual voting.

12 PUBLICATIONS: Three reports published before the formation of the Association. LaGeologie des Terrains Recents, Societe Beige de Geologie, 1947, Hayez, 112, rue deLouvain, Bruxelles. Sedimentation et Quaternaire, La Bochelle, 1949, Editions dePedagogie Active, 5, place Saint-Christophe, Bordeaux. Third International Congressof Sedimentology, Groningen-Wageningen 1951, Nijhoff's Boekh. a Uitg. Nij. N.V.Voorhout 9, 's Gravenhage.

14 SHORT HISTORY: Preliminary meeting at the Eighteenth International GeologicalCongress, London, 1948. Decision at the Third Sedimentological Congress at Wageningenin 1951. Founding of the Association and voting of its Statutes on 11 September 1952at the Nineteenth International Geological Congress at Algiers.

INTERNATIONAL ASTRONOMICAL UNION (IAU)[UNION ASTRONOMIQUE INTERNATIONALE]

2 ADDRESS: c/o Prof. P. Th. Oosterhoff, University Observatory, Leyden, Netherlands.

3 NATURE: Semi-governmental.

4 AIMS: To facilitate the relations among astronomers in cases where internationalco-operation is useful; to promote the study of astronomy in all its branches.

5 GOVERNING BODIES : The work of the Union is directed by the General Assembly, whichis composed of (a) all the members of the National Committees of Astronomy of adher-ing countries; (b) persons designated by adhering organizations or by the NationalCommittees, and (c) all the members of the Commissions of the Union. The GeneralAssembly elects one President, five Vice-Presidents at most, and one Secretary-General who, together with the retiring President and the retiring Secretary-General,

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form the Executive Committee. The term of the President expires at the end of themeeting of the first General Assembly after his election; and that of the Vice-Presidentsand the Secretary-General, at the end of the second General Assembly after theirelection, OFFICERS: President: Prof. Otto Strave (U.S.A.); Vice-Presidents: Prof.V. A. Ambartsumian (U.S.S.R.), Dr. A. Couder (France), Prof. E. Rybka (Poland),Prof. P. Swings (Belgium), Prof. R. v.d. R. Woolley (Australia); General Secretary:Prof. P. Th. Oosterhoff (Netherlands).

6 MEMBERS : A country adhering to the International Council of Scientific Unions mayadhere to the Union by the same organization by which it adheres to the InternationalCouncil, or by a National Committee of Astronomy formed or authorized by thatorganization. Countries adhering by National Organizations: Argentina: AcademiaNational de Ciencias, Buenos Aires; Australia: National Research Council, Sydney,N.S.W.; Belgium: Academie Royale de Belgique, Brussels; Canada: National ResearchCouncil, Ottawa, Ontario; Chile: Observatorio Astronomico de la Universidad deChile, Santiago; China: National Committee of Astronomy, Nanking; Czechoslovakia:National Research Council, Narodni Museum, Prague; Denmark: Kongelige DanskeVidenskabernes Selskab, Copenhagen; France: Academie des Sciences, Paris; Germany:Astronomische Gesellschaft, Bonn; Greece: Academy of Athens; Hungary: MagyarTudomanyos Akademia Konyvtara, Budapest; India: National Institute of Sciencesof India, New Delhi; Ireland: Institute for Advanced Studies, Dublin; Italy: ConsiglioNazionale di Ricerche, Rome; Mexico: Universidad Nacional, Mexico, D.F. ; Nether-lands: Koninklijke Nederlandsche Akademie van Wetenschappen, Amsterdam;Norway: Det Norske Videnskape Akademi, Oslo; Poland: Polska Akademia Nauk,Warsaw; Rumania: Comitetul National Astronomic, Bucharest; Spain: Academiade Ciencias Exactas, Madrid; Sweden: Kungliga Vetenskaps Akademien, Stockholm;Switzerland: Schweizerische Naturforschende Gesellschaft, Bern; Union of SouthAfrica: Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Pretoria; Union of SovietSocialist Republics: Academy of Sciences of U.S.S.R., Moscow; United Kingdom:Royal Society, London; United States of America: National Research Council, Wash-ington, D.C.; Vatican: Pontificia Accademia delle Scienze eNuovi Lincei, Vatican City;Yugoslavia: National Committee of Astronomy, Belgrade. Countries adhering byGovernment: Egypt, Portugal.

7 COMMISSIONS: The Union now has the following 39 Commissions: Commission 3: Nota-tions, Units and Economy of Publication (15 members, 6 countries represented) Chair-man: F. Zagar (Italy); Commission 4: Ephemerides (21 members, 8 countries repre-sented) Chairman: D. H. Sadler (U.K.); Commission 5: Bibliography (21 members, 12countries represented) Chairman: P. Bourgeois (Belgium); Commission 6: AstronomicalTelegrams (8 members, 7 countries represented) Chairman: A. A. Mikhailov (U.S.S.R.);Commission 7: Celestial Mechanics (30 members, 13 countries represented) Chairman:G. M. Clemence (U.S.A.); Commission 8: Meridian Astronomy (42 members, 17 coun-tries represented) Chairman: M. S. Zverev (U.S.S.R.); Sub-Commission: PhotographicCatalogues of Stars brighter than 9m (7 members, 4 countries represented); Commission 9:Astronomical Instruments (52 members, 17 countries represented) Chairman: A. Couder(France); Commission 10: Photospheric Phenomena (28 members, 12 countries repre-sented) Chairman: L. d'Azambuja (France); Commission 11: Highlevel Layers of the Sun(46 members, 17 countries represented) Chairman: Y. Ohman (Sweden); Sub-Com-mission: Cinematography of Prominences (6 members, 4 countries represented) Chair-man: W. O. Roberts (U.S.A.); Commission 12: Solar Radiation and Solar Speclroscopy(39 members, 15 countries represented) Chairman: G. Righini(Italy); Commission 13:Solar Eclipses (37 members, 14 countries represented) Chairman: D. H. Menzel (U.S.A.);Commission 14: Standards of Wavelengths and Tables of Spectra (20 members, 7 countriesrepresented) Chairman: B.Edlen(Sweden); Sub-Commission: Intensity Tables (10 mem-bers, 4 countries represented); Commission 15: Physical Observations of Comets (27members, 10 countries represented) Chairman: P. Swings (Belgium); Commission 16:Physical Observations of Planets and Satellites (37 members, 12 countries represented)

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Chairman: G. P. Kuiper (U.S.A.); Commission 17: Motion and Figure of the Moon(14 members, 8 countries represented) Chairman: C. B. Watts (U.S.A.); Commission 18:Determination of Geographical Co-ordinates (38 members, 18 countries represented)Chairman: P. Tardi (France); Commission 19: Variation of Latitudes (33 members,15 countries represented) Chairman: P. Sollenberger (U.S.A.); Commission 20: Posi-tions and Motions of Minor Planets, Comets and Satellites (68 members, 19 countriesrepresented) Chairman: D. Brouwer (U.S.A.); Sub-Commission: Periodic Comets(8 members, 6 countries represented); Commission 22: Meteors (62 members, 16 coun-tries represented) Chairman: V. Guth (Czechoslovakia); Sub-Commission: ZodiacalLight and Light of the Night Sky (29 members, 12 countries represented); Sub-Commis-sion: Stellar Charts (4 members, 4 countries represented); Commission 23: Map ofthe Sky (31 members, 17 countries represented) Chairman: J. Baillaud (France);Commission 24: Stellar Parallaxes and Proper Motions (27 members, 11 countriesrepresented) Chairman: H. L. Alden (U.S.A.); Commission 25: Stellar Photometry(53 members, 18 countries represented) Chairman: W. M. H. Greaves (U.K.); Sub-Commission: Magnitude Sequences (11 members, 5 countries represented); Sub-Com-mission: Standards of Stellar Magnitude (7 members, 6 countries represented); Com-mission 26: Double Stars (31 members, 14 countries represented) Chairman: P. Muller(France); Commission 27: Variable Stars (63 members, 15 countries represented)Chairman: B. V. Kukarkin(U.S.S.R.); Commission 28: Extragalactic Nebulae (35 mem-bers, 12 countries represented) Chairman: W. Baade (U.S.A.); Commission 29: StellarSpectra (85 members, 17 countries represented) Chairman: J. L. Greenstein (U.S.A.);Sub-Commission: Novae (9 members, 5 countries represented); Sub-Commission:Spectra of Variable Stars (7 members, 3 countries represented); Sub-Commission:Molecular Bands in Stellar Spectra (12 members, 7 countries represented); Commission30: Radial Velocities (19 members, 8 countries represented) Chairman: A. D.Thackeray(U.K.); Sub-Commission: Fundamental Radial Velocities (3 members, 2 countriesrepresented); Sub-Commission: Wavelengths (3 members, 2 countries represented);Sub-Commission: Spectroscopic Binaries (5 members, 3 countries represented); Com-mission 31: Bureau de I'Heure (37 members, 17 countries represented) Chairman:H. Spencer Jones (U.K.); Commission 32: Selected Areas (13 members, 7 countriesrepresented) Chairman: P. J. van Rhijn (Netherlands); Commission 33: Stellar Stati-stics (63 members, 17 countries represented) Chairman: J. H. Oort (Netherlands);Commission 34: Interstellar Matter and Planetary Nebulae (48 members, 12 countriesrepresented) Chairman: H. C. van de Hulst (Netherlands); Sub-Commission: Catalogueof Gaseous Nebulae (3 members, 3 countries represented); Commission 35: Constitutionof the Stars (44 members, 16 countries represented) Chairman: S. Chandrasekhar(U.S.A.); Commission 36: Spectrophotometry (76 members, 20 countries represented)Chairman: D. Chalongc (France); Sub-Commission: Standards of Line Intensity(5 members, 3 countries represented); Sub-Commission: Theory of Stellar Atmospheres(22 members, 10 countries represented); Commission 37: Star Clusters (25 members,9 countries represented) Chairman: O. Heckmann (Germany); Commission 38: Ex-change of Astronomers (19 members, 14 countries represented) Chairman: F. J.M.Stratton (U.K.); Commission 39: International Observatories (21 members, 13 countriesrepresented); Commission 40: Radio-astronomy (30 members, 15 countries represented)Chairman: J. L. Pawsey (Australia); Commission 41: History of Astronomy (30 mem-bers, 13 countries represented) Chairman: H. Dingle (U.K.); Commission 42: Photo-metric Double Stars (30 members, 11 countries represented) Chairman: Z. Kopal (U.K.).

8 FACILITIES: The Union organized a Central Bureau for Astronomical Telegramsin 1922, which has functioned as a centre for exchange of information on astro-nomical observations since then. The Union has supported the International TimeBureau since 1919, and also tha International Latitude Service since 1922. The Inter-nati onal Union of Geodesy and Geophysics have shared with the International Astro-nomical Union in maintaining the International Time Bureau and the InternationalLatitude Service since 1922.

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9 FINANCES: There are eight categories of membership of the Union, numbered 1 to 8.Each adhering country pays annually a number of units of subscription equal to thenumber of its category of membership. A country offering to adhere to the Union, specifiesin which category it proposes to be classed. The offer to adhere may be refused by theExecutive Committee if the proposed category is judged to be manifestly inadequate.In each country the organization adhering to the Union is responsible for the paymentof the contribution.

10 MEETINGS: The General Assembly, in principle, meets every three years. In specialcases, the President may, with the consent of the Executive Committee, convene anExtraordinary General Assembly; he is obliged to do so upon the request of the adher-ing countries, representing three-fourths of the votes.

11 VOTING: On scientific matters, each delegate present at the General Assembly hasone vote. In questions of administrative or of mixed administrative and scientificcharacter, not involving questions of finance, voting is by countries, each countryhaving one vote, with the provision that its subscription shall have been paid up tothe end of the year preceding the voting. In questions involving finance, voting is bycountries, with the same provision as for administrative questions. The number ofvotes for each country in such questions is one greater than the number of categoryof membership.

12 PUBLICATIONS: Transactions of the International Astronomical Union: Vol. I, Rome,1922; Vol. II, Cambridge, U.K., 1925; Vol. I l l , Leyden, 1928; Vol. IV, Cambridge,Mass., U.S.A., 1932; Vol. V, Paris, 1935; Vol. VI, Stockholm, 1938; Vol. VII, Zurich,1948. Delimitation Scientifique des Constellations (Delporte). Atlas Celeste (Delporte).Les Observations Astronomiques et les Astronomes (Stroobant). Immagini Spettro-scopiche del Bordo Solare, 1923 (Abetti). Cartes Synoptiques de la Chromosphere Solaireet Catalogue des Filaments de la Couche Sup&ieure, 1919 (d'Azambuja). Minima ofEclipsing Binaries, 1936-39, 1947 (Banachiewicz). Bulletins Horaires du Bureau deVHeure (Bigourdan, Deslandres, Esclangon, Danjon). Character Figures for SolarPhenomena, 1923-28 (Brunner). Bulletins for Character Figures of Solar Phenomena1-16, 1929 (Brunner). Astrographic Catalogue 1900.0—Hyderabad Section (Part III),Dec+36° to -{-39°. Vol. IX: Measures of Rectangular Co-ordinates and Diameters of65,782 star-images on plates with centres in Dec +39° (Bhaskaran). Named Lunar For-mations, 2 vols. (Miss Blagg and Muller). Reduced maps of the moon. Les ObservatoiresAstronomiques et les Astronomes, Supplement (Stroobant). Results of the InternationalLatitude Service, from 1922.7 to 1931.0, Vol. VII (Kimura). Astrographic Catalogue1900.0—Hyderabad Section (Part III), Dec +36° to +40°. Vol. X: Measures of Rect-angular Co-ordinates and Diameters of 64,791 star-images on plates with centres in Dec+ 38° (Bhaskaran). Results of the International Latitude Service from 1922.7 to 1935.0,Vol. VIII (Kimura). Astrographic Catalogue 1900.0—Hyderabad Section (Part III),Dec -\-35° to +40°. Vol. XI: Measures of Rectangular Co-ordinates and Diameters of50,907 star-images on plates with centres in Dec + 37° (Bhaskaran). Astrographic Cata-logue 1900.0—Hyderabad Section (Part HI), Dec +35° to +40°. Vol. XII: Measuresof Rectangular Co-ordinates and Diameters of 60,144 star-images on plates with centresin Dec +36° (Bhaskaran). Forty-second Name List of Variable Stars (Kukarkin, Pare-nago). Fotty-third Name List of Variable Stars (Kukarkin, Parenago). HeliographicCharts of the Photosphere (Waldmeier). Publications des Resultats des Longitudes Mon-diales 1933 (Tardi). Results of the International Latitude Service (Camera, Cecchini).Publications Minor Planet Centre, Cincinnati (Herget). Astrographic Catalogue, Edin-burgh Section, Zones —40°, and —39" (Baillaud). Forty-fourth, Forty-fifth, Forty-sixth,Forty-seventh Name Lists of Variable Stars (Kukarkin, Parenago).

13 RELATIONS WITH OTHER INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS: The International Astrono-

mical Union is federated in ICSU.

14 SHORT HISTORY: The International Astronomical Union was founded at the Consti-tutive Assembly of the International Research Council which was held at Brussels

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in July 1919. It was not until July 1920, however, that the Union can be consideredto have been definitely established.

16 COMMENTS: Next General Assembly, summer 1955 in Dublin, Ireland.

VHIth INTERNATIONAL BOTANICAL CONGRESSParis, 1954

[Vine CONGRES INTERNATIONAL DE BOTANIQUE, PARIS, 1954]

2 ADDRESS (temporarily): Secretariat General: Chaire d'Agriculture du ConservatoireNational des Arts et Metiers, 292, rue Saint-Martin, Paris-3e, France. Telephone:TURbigo 64-40.

3 NATURE: Non-governmental.

4 AIMS: The International Botanical Congresses meet every four or five years: (a) toexamine progress made in the Science of Plants since the last Congress; (b) to establishpersonal contacts between the scientists in the various fields of Botany and of differentcountries; (c) to standardize language, method and nomenclature, and occasionallyto help botanists from different countries of the world to see the vegetation and scientificactivities of the country in which the Congress is held. The field of activity of theBotanical Congresses covers the whole science of plants as well as the scientific aspectsapplying to agriculture, horticulture, forestry, etc. Agronomy, plant biochemistry,bacteriology, general genetics, technology of raw materials of plant origin are alsoincluded in so far as the discoveries in these fields are directly related to the progressof scientific knowledge of the plant world.

5 GOVERNING BODIES: Before and immediately after the Congress: an Executive Com-mittee composed of 15 members, an Organizing Committee of 50-60 members, responsiblefor the general policy of the Congress. These Committees are nominated in the countryin which the next Congress is to be held, after consultation among botanists of thecountry. OFFICERS (all French): President: Prof. Roger Heim; Secretary-General:Prof. Pierre Chouard; Assistant Secretary-General: Roger de Vilmorin; Acting Trea-surer: Dr. G. Dillemann.

6 MEMBERS: All participants in the Congress; about 3,000 are expected in 1954. At theseventh Congress, Stockholm, 1950, there were 1,500 members from 50 countries(including U.S.S.R.) in spite of the distance and unfavourable circumstances (beginningof the war in Korea).

7 COMMISSIONS: Between two Congresses, Commissions nominated by the last Congresswork autonomously. Nomenclature Commission: Chairman: Dr. Lanjouw (Netherlands).Ecology Commission: Chairman: Dr. Boyko (Israel). Commission on Raw Materialsof Plant Origin: Chairman: Dr. C. de Regel (Finland-Switzerland). History of BotanyCommission: Chairman: Dr. Verdoorn (Netherlands-U.S.A.); etc.

9 FINANCES: Subvention from the Government of the host country (budget estimatedat 20 million francs, of which 5 millions received as a grant from the French Govern-ment in 1952; members subscriptions estimated at 10 million francs).

10 MEETINGS: The Executive Committee meets monthly; the Organizing Committeetwo or three times a year. The Congress is held, in principle, every four years, alternatelyin Europe and out of Europe, and lasts between 10 and 12 days, followed by tripsand special symposia.

11 VOTING: Individual and if necessary secret ballot. One to three representatives percountry (depending on size of delegations).

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12 PUBLICATIONS: Before the Congress: important documentation on botany in France.After the Congress: Acts and Decisions (English, French), as well as Proceedings of theprincipal Symposia.

13 RELATIONS WITH OTHER INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS: Planning of Congresses afterconsultation with the International Union of Biological Sciences and in liaison—atleast for information—with Unesco and FAO (by decision of the seventh Congress).

14 SHORT HISTORY: After several International Congresses during the nineteenth century,generally in liaison with the Horticultural Congresses, but held irregularly, the FirstInternational Botanical Congress was held in Paris in 1900, and since then in principleevery five years, except during the wars: thus, I I : Vienna 1905; III : Brussels 1910;IV: Cambridge, U.K. 1925; V: Ithaca, U.S.A. 1930; VI: Amsterdam 1935; VII:Stockholm 1950. The Eighth Congress in France in 1954 will coincide with thehundredth anniversary of the Socifite Botanique de France.

15 BIBLIOGRAPHY: See especially Chronica Botanica, edited by Dr. Verdoorn, Waltham,Mass., U.S.A., and the Acts of preceding Congresses.

16 COMMENTS: The Eighth Congress will be preceded and followed by several excursionsthroughout France and the French Union (notably Algeria, Tunisia, Morocco andFrench East Africa, dry tropical regions and wet equatorial regions). Several Sym-posia will be held before and after the Congress, certain Sections of which will alsofunction as Symposia. There will also be exhibitions of books, apparatus, biologicalmaterial, and visits to laboratories, etc. Accommodation facilities will be given inparticular to young people and students without financial means.

Until now, there has not existed a permanent organization to deal with InternationalBotanical Congresses. Each Congress decides, by vote, in which country the nextCongress will be held, and afterwards the organizers of the last Congress pass to theorganizers of the following Congress the appropriate papers. At the 1954 Congress,the question will be examined of eventually establishing a permanent organization,semi-governmental in character, which would ensure the continuity of the BotanicalCongresses, as in the case of the International Horticultural Congresses.

INTERNATIONAL BUREAUFOR PHYSICO-CHEMICAL STANDARDS

[BUREAU INTERNATIONAL DES ETALONS PHYSICO-CHIMIQUES]

2 ADDRESS: c/o Prof. J. Timmermans, Directeur, Bureau International des EtalonsPhysico-Chimiques, Universite, 50, avenue Franklin Roosevelt, Brussels, Belgium.Cable address: UNIVERSITY BRUSSELS.

3 NATURE: Non-governmental.

4 AIMS: Preparation, study of then* physico-chemical constants and distribution tointerested bodies of samples of very pure substances. Research in the same field.

5 GOVERNING BODIES: Managing Committee appointed by the National Belgian Councilof Chemistry, OFFICERS (terms indeterminate; all Belgian): Chairman: Prof. H. Wuyts;Director: Prof. J. Timmermans; Attached to the laboratories: Assistant Director: Dr.M. Beckers; Assistant: Dr. M. Hennaut-Roland; Assistant attached to the MetrologicalSection: Dr. Mathieu.

6 MEMBERS: Private institution without legal personality but with statutes approvedby the National Council of Chemistry and the International Union of Pure and AppliedChemistry.

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9 FINANCES: Annual subventions from the leading Belgian industrial chemical firmsand the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry, and from the BelgianInstitute for Scientific Research applied to Industry and Agriculture (for the Metro-logical Section).

12 PUBLICATIONS: Results of research published in: (1) Ulnduslrie Chimique Beige,Brussels, 'Methods and Apparatus in Use at the International Bureau for Physico-Chemical Standards'; (2) Journal de Chimie Physique, Paris, 'Study of the Constantsof Pure Organic Compounds by Series of 20 Compounds'; (3) Jean Timmermans:Chemical Species, French edition, Paris, 1928; Russian edition, Leningrad, 1931;American edition, New York and London, 1940; Spanish edition, Barcelona, 1948.Physical Constants of Pure Organic Compounds, 1 vol., Elsevier Publishing Co., Amster-dam, New York, 1949. Two-yearly reports presented in alternate years to the Inter-national Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry and to the General Assembly of theBelgian Chemical Society.

13 RELATIONS WITH OTHER INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS: The Bureau is affiliated tothe International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry which is itself federatedin ICSU.

14 SHORT HISTORY: Established in 1921, under the auspices of the International Unionof Chemistry, by the National Belgian Council of Chemistry, which is a dependencyof the Academie Royale de Belgique, Classe des Sciences. At the end of 1948 theMetrological Section was set up.

INTERNATIONAL BUREAUOF WEIGHTS AND MEASURES

[BUREAU INTERNATIONAL DES poms ET MESURES (BIPM)]

2 ADDRESS: Pavilion de Breteuil, Sevres, (Seine-et-Oise), France. Telephone: OBSer-vatoire 00-52.

3 NATURE: Intergovernmental.

4 AIMS: The Bureau of Weights and Measures is responsible for: (a) the conservationof international prototypes of the metre and the kilogram, and spreading the adoptionof the metric system throughout the world; (b) periodic comparisons of nationalstandards with international prototypes; (c) work related to the unification of electric,photometric and thermometric units; (d) in general, the determination of physicalunits useful in precision metrology, and the perfecting of measuring processes favourableto progress in all branches of metrology.

5 GOVERNING BODIES: The International Bureau is administered solely by an Inter-national Committee of Weights and Measures, itself under the authority of a GeneralConference of Weights and Measures which is composed of the delegates of all con-tracting governments. The International Committee consists of 18 members all belong-ing to different States. When half the members of the International Committee arerenewed, the first members to retire are those who have filled temporary vacanciesbetween two sessions of the Conference; the others are chosen by drawing lots. Retiringmembers are eligible for re-election. The International Committee itself chooses itsChairman and Secretary by secret ballot. The governments of the contracting partiesare advised of these appointments. The Chairman and Secretary of the Committeeand the Director of the Bureau must be of different nationality. Once it is established,the Committee cannot appoint or elect any new members until three months after

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all members have been notified of the vacancy. OFFICERS of the International Committeeof Weights and Measures: Chairman: J. E. Sears (U.K.); Secretary: G. Cassinis (Italy).President of the Conference: the President of the Paris Academy of Sciences. Directorof the Bureau: Ch. Volet (Switzerland).

6 MEMBERS: 33 Governments have adhered to the Metre Convention: Argentina, Austra-lia, Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Canada, Chile, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, Finland,France, Germany, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Mexico, Netherlands, Norway, Peru,Poland, Portugal, Rumania, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Thailand, Turkey, Union ofSoviet Socialist Republics, United Kingdom, United States of America, Uruguay,Yugoslavia.

7 COMMISSIONS: In order to orientate its activities, the International Committee ofWeights and Measures has constituted the following Consultative Committees: Con-sultative Committee on Electricity: Chairman: R. Vieweg (Germany); ConsultativeCommittee on Photometry: Chairman: Dr. E. C. Crittenden (U.S.A.); ConsultativeCommittee on Thermometry: Chairman: vacant; Consultative Committee for the Definitionof the Metre: Chairman: R. H. Field (U.S.A.).

8 FACILITIES: Laboratories of metrology, interferometry, electricity, photometry,thermometry, a library, a workshop, etc. '

9 FINANCES: Annual contributions from Member States, proportionate to their popula-tions, with a minimum of 875 gold francs and a maximum of 26,250 gold francs percountry. Annual budget for the past three years: 180,000 gold francs.

10 MEETINGS: The General Conference is held in Paris, at the invitation of the Inter-national Committee, at least every six years. The International Committee meets atleast every two years.

12 PUBLICATIONS: Minutes of the General Conference, Proceedings of the InternationalCommittee of Weights and Measures and of the Consultative Committees, Papers andMemoranda of the International Bureau of Weights and Measures. Various otherpublications.

13 RELATIONS WITH OTHER INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS: A formal agreement withUnesco was concluded in July 1949.

14 SHORT HISTORY: The idea of establishing an International Bureau of Weights andMeasures, put forward by the St. Petersburg Academy in 1867, was immediately takenup by the Berlin Geodesic Association and later by the Bureau of Longitudes and theAcademy of Sciences in Paris. Following the meeting of two International Commissionsin Paris in 1870 and 1872, a Diplomatic Metre Conference, held in Paris in 1875, led tothe signing of the Metre Convention (20 May 1875) by the Plenipotentiaries of 18States. By this Convention (modified by the Convention of 6 October 1921), the Stateswhich signed bound themselves to establish and maintain an International Bureauof Weights and Measures, scientific and permanent, with headquarters in Paris (Sevres).

Originally restricted to a well-defined and rather limited programme, the work ofthe International Bureau soon became extended to various other fields, for example,study of standards of length and mass, barometry, hygrometry, thermometry, con-struction of mercury prototype standards of the ohm, resistivity of mercury, dilatabi-lity of solids and liquids, density of water, the mass of the litre of air, standards withplane and spherical ends, geodesic standards, methods of gauging divided rules andseries of weights, elasticity and deformation of solids, metrological properties of nickel-steel and brass, intensity of gravity, the volume of the kilogram of water, measuringthe metre by means of light waves and interferometry and, more recently, periodicalcomparisons of secondary national standards of electric and photometric units.

16 COMMENTS: The Tenth General Conference of Weights and Measures will be heldin Paris and Sevres in 1954.

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INTERNATIONAL COMMISSIONFOR THE SCIENTIFIC EXPLORATION

OF THE MEDITERRANEAN SEA[COMMISSION INTERNATIONALE POUR L ' E X P L O R A T I O N SCIENTIFIQUE DE LA MEDITERRANEE]

2 ADDRESS: c/o Prof. J. Le Gall, Secretary-General, 59, avenue Raymond Poincare,Paris-16e, France. Telephone: KLEber 77-32.

3 NATURE: Intergovernmental.

4 AIMS: The study of all scientific and technical questions relating to oceanography andfishing in the Mediterranean and its tributary seas.

5 GOVERNING BODIES : Plenary Assembly, Bureau, OFFICERS : President: H.E. Ambassador

Sola (Italy); Vice-Presidents: Dr. Hussein Faouzi (Egypt), Commandant Rouch(Monaco), Admiral Garcia-Rodriguez (Spain); Secretary-General: Prof. J. Le Gall(France). The President and 'Vice-Presidents are elected for two years; the Secretary-General, for four years.

6 MEMBERS: Egypt, France, French Morocco, Greece, Italy, Monaco, Spain, SpanishMorocco, Tunisia, Yugoslavia.

7 COMMISSIONS: (a) Physical Oceanography: Chairman: Commandant Rouch (Monaco),(b) Hydrology Chemistry of the Sea: Chairman: Prof. Picotti (Italy), (c) SubmarineGeology and Morphology: Chairman: Prof. Bourcart (France), (d) General Biology:Chairman: Prof. Branelli (Italy), (e) Straits: Chairman: Prof. Bernard (France),(f) Mediterranean Ponds—Lagoons: Chairman: Prof. d'Ancona (Italy), (g) Commissionfor the Co-ordination of Mediterranean Laboratories: Chairman: Prof. Petit (France).

9 FINANCES: Contributions from Member Countries.

10 MEETINGS: Plenary Assembly every two years. The Bureau meets every year.

12 PUBLICATIONS: From 1919 to 1924: Bulletin de la Commission Internationale de laMiditerranee, 10 numbers. Since 1924: Rapports et Proces-Verbaux de la CommissionInternationale pour I'Exploration Scientifique de la Mediterranee, 11 vols. Fiches de laFaune Mediterraneenne.

13 RELATIONS WITH OTHER INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS: Collaboration with severalother international organizations.

14 SHORT HISTORY: Founded by H.S.H. Prince Albert I of Monaco in 1919, the Inter-national Mediterranean Commission began with seven Member States. The work donehas induced other States to become members. Plenary Assemblies have been heldin Madrid 1919; Paris 1922, Madrid 1924; Venice 1926; Malaga 1929; Paris 1931;Naples 1933 and Bucharest 1935. Formerly the Central Bureau met annually in Paris,but its activity was interrupted by World War II. The Commission resumed activityat a meeting in Paris of the General Assembly in February 1951. Plenary Assemblieswere held at Monaco, September 1951 and Malaga, Spring 1953.

INTERNATIONAL COMMISSIONON ZOOLOGICAL NOMENCLATURE

[COMMISSION INTERNATIONALE DE NOMENCLATURE ZOOLOGIQUE]

2 ADDRESS: 28 Park Village East, Regent's Park, London, N.W.I, U.K. Telephone:EUSton 7873.

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3 NATURE: Non-governmental.

4 AIMS: The Commission discharges its functions by submitting from time to time tothe International Congress of Zoology recommendations either for amendments tothe International Code of Zoological Nomenclature or for the addition of recommen-dations to be added to particular articles of the Code; by rendering (since 1907) opinionson questions of zoological nomenclature submitted to it; by compiling (since 1910)the Official List of Generic Names in Zoology; by the use (since 1913) of the plenarypowers conferred on it by the Monaco meeting of the International Zoological Congress,to suspend the rules of the Law of Priority in any given case where the applicationof the rules will result in greater confusion than uniformity.

5 GOVERNING BODIES: OFFICERS: President: Dr. Karl Jordan (U.K.); Vice-President:Dr. James L. Peters (U.S.A.); Secretary: Francis Hemming (U.K.)

6 MEMBERS: Participants in the International Zoological Congresses.

9 FINANCES: Donations, public subscriptions and income from sales of publications.

12 PUBLICATIONS: Official List of Generic Names in Zoology. Some 200 Opinions. TheBulletin of Zoological Nomenclature.

13 RELATIONS WITH OTHER INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS: Affiliated to the InternationalUnion of Biological Sciences through the Zoology Section of the Union.

14 SHORT HISTORY: The Commission derives its authority from a decision of the ThirdInternational Zoological Congress, Leyden, 1895. Its powers in their present form datefrom the Ninth International Zoological Congress, Monaco, 1913. Until 1936, its businesswas handled mainly under grants from the Smithsonian Institute, Washington;in 1936 the Secretariat of the Commission was transferred to London. Last meetingat the Thirteenth International Zoological Congress, Paris, July 1948.

16 COMMENTS: Next meeting during the Fourteenth International Zoological Congress,Copenhagen, 5-12 August 1953.

INTERNATIONAL COMMITTEEOF ELECTROCHEMICAL THERMODYNAMICS

AND KINETICS (CITCE)[COHITE INTERNATIONAL DE THERMODYNAMIQUE ET DE CINlSTIQUE ELECTROCHEMIQUES

(CITCE)]

2 ADDRESS: c/o Marcel Pourbaix, Secretaire General, Universite de Bruxelles, 50, avenueFranklin D. Roosevelt, Brussels, Belgium. Telephone: 48.65.10.

3 NATURE: Non-governmental.

4 AIMS : Collaboration between research workers concerned with the development of theexperimental applications of electrochemical thermodynamics and kinetics.

5 GOVERNING BODIES: Council, consisting of the Chairman, two Vice-Chairmen, theSecretary-General (ex officio members) and a national secretary for each country inwhich there are members, OFFICERS: Chairman: Pierre Van Rysselberghe (U.S.A.);Vice-Chairmen: Thomas P. Hoar (U.K.), R. Piontelli (Italy); Secretary-General:Marcel Pourbaix (Belgium); Member: E. Lange (Germany).

6 MEMBERS: 98 active and associate members, distributed as follows: Australia 1, Bel-gium 16, Canada 1, Czechoslovakia 3, Finland 1, France 17, Germany 7, Italy 19, Japan 1,

39

Netherlands 5, Norway 1, Spain 6, Sweden 3, Switzerland 2, United Kingdom 5, UnitedStates of America 10.

7 COMMISSIONS: Potential-pH Diagrams Commission: Rapporteur: M. Pourbaix (Bel-gium). Commission on Electrochemical Nomenclature and Definitions: Rapporteur:P. Van Rysselberghe (U.S.A.). Commission on Testing Methods in Electrochemistry:Rapporteur: R. Piontelli (Italy).

9 FINANCES: Members subscriptions (optional for active members).

10 MEETINGS: Yearly: Brussels, March 1949; Milan and vicinity, September 1950; Berne,August 1951; London and Cambridge, September 1952.

11 VOTING: By individual vote of the active members.

12 PUBLICATIONS : Proceedings of the Second Meeting of the CITCE, Milan, 1950. Tamburini,Milan, 1951. Proceedings of the Third Meeting of the CITCE, Berne, 1951. Manfredi, Milan,1951.

14 SHORT HISTORY: The Committee was established between September 1948 and March1949 on the initiative of M. Pourbaix, P. Van Rysselberghe and A. Juliard. The firstmeeting was held in Brussels, 28-30 March 1949.

15 BIBLIOGRAPHY: Fundamental Research in Corrosion: papers published by the Inter-national Committee of Electrochemical Thermodynamics and Kinetics. Proceedings:United Nations Scientific Conference on the Conservation and Utilization of Resources,17 August-6 September 1949, Lake Success, U.S.A., Vol. II, Mineral Resources.

INTERNATIONAL COMMITTEEON PHOTOBIOLOGY (CIP)

[COMITfi INTERNATIONAL DE PHOTOBIOLOGIE (CIP)]

formerly: COMITH INTERNATIONAL DE LA LUMIfcRE

2 ADDRESS: Secretary-General: Prof. H. F. Blum, National Cancer Institute, Departmentof Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, N. J., U.S.A. President: Dr. W. Morikofer,Physikalisch-Meteorologisches Observatorium, Davos-Platz, Switzerland.

3 NATURE: Non-governmental.

4 AIMS: To promote scientific research in the following fields: (a) physics and chemistryof optical (visible, infra-red and ultra-violet) radiation including methods of measure-ment; (b) the biological and pathological effects of light; (c) the application of lightin prophylaxis and therapeutics. Organization of conferences and international con-gresses devoted to the study of light in the realm of biophysics, biology and thera-peutics.

5 GOVERNING BODIES: Executive Committee of 23 members, and a Bureau of 7 members.OFFICERS: President: Dr. W. Morikofer (Switzerland); Vice-Presidents: Prof. G.Dejardin (France), Dr. R. Ledent (Belgium), Prof. M. Ponzio (Italy), Prof. B. Rajewsky(Germany); Secretary-General: Prof. H. F. Blum (U.S.A.); Treasurer: Prof. W. Burck-hardt (Switzerland).

6 MEMBERS: 142 members forming 16 national committees in: Argentina, Austria,Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Israel, Italy, Nether-lands, Sweden, Switzerland, United States of America, Yugoslavia.

40

7 COMMISSIONS: Commission for the Measurement of Ultraviolet Radiation: President:Dr. R. Latarjet (France). Commission for Therapeutic Lamps: President: Prof. B.Rajewsky (Germany).

9 FINANCES: Members' subscriptions: 7 Sw.frs. per year.

10 MEETINGS: Meeting of the CIP or a Scientific Conference every one or two years.International Light Congresses every four years if possible.

11 VOTING: Individual voting by members present: a national delegation is limited to10 votes.

12 PUBLICATIONS: Scientific papers read at Conferences and Congresses published bythe host countries.

13 BELATIONS WITH OTHER INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS: Collaboration in certainquestions with the International Commission on Illumination.

14 SHORT HISTORY: Founded in 1928 at Lausanne under the name of International LightCommittee. Between 1928 and 1937, nine Conferences and three International LightCongresses were held: Paris, 1929, Copenhagen, 1932, Wiesbaden, 1936. In 1951 thename of the Committee was changed to that of International Committee on Photo-biology.

16 COMMENTS: Next Congress in the Netherlands, probably in 1954.

INTERNATIONAL COMMITTEE FOR THE STUDYOF CLAYS

[COMITE INTERNATIONAL POUR L'ETUDE DES ARGILES (CIPEA)]

2 ADDRESS: C/O The Secretary: Dr. Bradley, Geological Resources Section, Universityof Illinois Campus, Urbana, 111., U.S.A.

3 NATURE: Non-governmental.

4 AIMS: To establish relations between research workers in different scientific fieldsrelating to clays; to organize international meetings within the framework of moregeneral congresses (Congresses of Geology, Soil Science, Crystallography); to studyquestions of nomenclature and standardization of methods.

5 GOVERNING BODIES: A Bureau is elected during international meetings with the taskof organizing the following meeting. The Committee has no Statutes. OFFICERS:President: Prof. Grim (U.S.A.); Secretary: Dr. Bradley (U.S.A.).

6 MEMBERS : The Bureau co-operates with national groups or societies interested in clays,soil science, geology, etc. and in particular with scientists in Belgium, France, Japan,United Kingdom, United States of America.

9 FINANCES: Gifts from private or public organizations.

10 MEETINGS: Roughly every two years.

11 VOTING: Individual voting by show of hands.

14 SHORT HISTORY: The formation of the International Committee for the Study of Clayswas due to a proposal made by the Comite Beige pour PEtude des Argiles in 1947.The Committee was constituted in 1948 during the Eighteenth International GeologicalCongress in London. It met at Amsterdam in July 1950 during the Fourth InternationalCongress on Soil Science, and at Algiers in September 1952 on the occasion of theNineteenth International Geological Congress.

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INTERNATIONAL COMMITTEEFOR THE UNIFICATION

OF ANTHROPOLOGICAL METHODS[COMITE INTERNATIONAL POUR LA STANDARDISATION ANTHROPOLOGIQUE SYNTHETIQUE

(SAS)]

COMITATO INTERNAZIONALE PER VUNIFICAZIONE DEI METODI E PER LA SINTESIIN ANTROPOLOGIA EVGENICA E BIOLOGICA (SAS)

2 ADDRESS: Istituto di Antropologia Generale ed Applicata dell' Universita, Via Fran-cesco Selmi 1, Bologna, Italy. Telephone: 33.664.

3 NATURE: Non-governmental.

4 AIMS: Unification of methods in anthropology, eugenics and biometry.

5 GOVERNING BODIES: International Committee, OFFICERS: Chairman: Prof. Fabio Fras-setto (Italy); Members: Jose Imbelloni (Argentina), H. E. Louis Marin (France),Eugen Fischer (Germany), Kazimierz Stolyhwo (Poland), Antonio Augusto MendesCorrea (Portugal), Eusebio Tamagnini (Portugal), Juliu Moldovan (Rumania).

8 FACILITIES: Laboratory, library, documentation services, Museum of the Instituteof Anthropology, Bologna University.

9 FINANCES: Subscriptions to the SAS Bulletin and members dues, the latter behind-hand since the last war.

10 MEETINGS: Bologna, March 1934; Vienna, September 1937.

12 PUBLICATIONS: SAS International Bulletin for the Unification of AnthropologicalMethods, yearly (English, French, German, Italian).

13 RELATIONS WITH OTHER INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS: Exchange of publications(scientific reviews) with many national and foreign organizations.

14 SHORT HISTORY: The Committee was established in 1934. After the Third InternationalCongress on Eugenics, held at New York in 1932, the President of the Congress, CharlesB. Davenport, Director of the Department of Genetics of the Carnegie Institute ofWashington, requested Prof. Fabio Frassetto to examine the problem of Standardi-zation in Anthropology and Eugenics. After hearing the report of Prof. Frassetto,Section I of the Congress charged him to form an International Committee to putinto practical application the proposals he had himself presented to the Congress,and to take the steps necessary to obtain the proposed unification. This Committeewas formed in 1934 thanks to the activity of Prof. Fabio Frassetto. Its first meetingwas held at the Institute of Anthropology, Bologna University, in March 1934. Itdecided to publish an International Bulletin of information, liaison and synthesis.The Bulletin has appeared each year, except between 1940 and 1948, till now.

15 BIBLIOGRAPHY: Many scientific reviews refer to work published in the SAS Bulletin,for example Mitteilungen der anthropologischen Gesellschaft in Wien; Ada InstitutiAnatomici Universitatis, Helsinki; U'Anthropologie, Bulletins et Memoires de la Societed'Anthropologie de Paris, L'Education Physique, Paris; Boletin Bibliografico de Antro-pologia Americana, Mexico; Estudios Psicotecnicos, Anais de Faculdade de Ciencias dePorto, Trabalhos de Antropologia e Etnologia, Arquivio de Anatomia e Antropologia,Anais del Instituto Nacional de Antropologia, Portugal; Anales de la Clinica MedicoForense de Madrid, Trabajos del Instituto Bernardino de Sahagiln de Antropologiay Etnologia, Spain; Archives Suisses a"Anthropologie Generale, Geneva; The South

42

African Journal of Medical Sciences, South African Journal of Science, Union of SouthAfrica; American Journal of Physical Anthropology, Human Biology, a record ofresearch, U.S.A.

16 COMMENTS: It is hoped to establish a Centre of Biometry at the Institute of Anthro-pology, Bologna University, as proposed by Prof. Robert Routil, Director of theSection of Anthropology of the Museum of Natural History, Vienna, Austria. ThisCentre would be responsible for (a) the unification of anthropological and biometricalmethods; (b) collection and comparison of Frassetto standard binominal Polygones;(c) compilation of Codes.

Ilnd INTERNATIONAL CONGRESSOF BIOCHEMISTRY, 1952

[ l ie CONGRfiS INTERNATIONAL DE BIOCHIMIE, 1952]

2 ADDRESS: Secretariat General du He Congres International de Biochimie, Faculte dePharmacie, 4, avenue de l'Observatoire, Paris-6e, France.

3 NATURE: Non-governmental.

5 GOVERNING BODIES: Executive Committee, OFFICERS (all French): President: Prof. Cl.Fromageot; General Secretary: Prof. J. E. Courtois; Treasurer: Dr. J. Bruneau. Presi-dent of the Congress: Dean Rene Fabre; President of Honour: Prof. Gabriel Bertrand.Organizing Committee of the Second Congress: Members: Prof. E. Aubel, Dr. R. Bernier,Dr. H. Choay, Dr. L. Leprestre, Prof. R. Levy, Prof. M. Macheboeuf, Prof. P. Meunier,Prof. M. Polonovski, Dr. F. Prevet, Prof. Y. Raoul, Prof. J. Roche, Prof. Ch. Sannie,Prof. R. Wurmser; Secretaries: C. Anagnostopoulos, Dr. D. Bertrand, Dr. A. Desjobert,Dr. P. Malangeau, Dr. J. Polonovski, Dr. H. Renault.

9 FINANCES: Congress fees: 3,000 Fr.frs. per person; subvention from CIOMS.

12 PUBLICATIONS: Resume des Communications, Ed. Masson, Paris, 1952. The OrganizingCommittee envisages the publication of the Minutes of the Congress as well as of thefour General Lectures.

14 SHORT HISTORY: At the closing meeting of the First International Congress of Biochem-istry, Cambridge, August 1949, it was unanimously decided that the Second Congressbe held in Paris, 21-27 July 1952. The French Society of Biological Chemistry was maderesponsible for its organization. In November 1949, the Council of the Society electeda provisional Committee which began the preparation of the Congress.

16 COMMENTS: The Organizing Committee of the Congress of Biochemistry is not a per-manent organization. The work of the Committee here described is practically finished.The Third Congress is planned for 1955 in Brussels.

INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS OF PREHISTORICAND PROTOHISTORIC SCIENCES

[CONGRES INTERNATIONAL DES SCIENCES PREHISTORIQUES ET PROTOHISTORIQUES]

2 ADDRESS: c/o Prof. S. J. De Laet, 26, quai des Moines, Ghent, Belgium. Telephone: 32159.

3 NATURE: Non-governmental.

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4 AIMS: To organize international congresses, to serve as a link between prekistoriansand scientists working in related branches of study and to help in the advancementof the prehistoric and protohistoric sciences.

5 GOVERNING BODIES : Permanent Council, consisting of representatives of the followingcountries and territories: Algeria (L. Balout), Argentina (L.M. Torres), Austria (R.Pittioni, L. Frantz), Belgian Congo (M. Bequaert), Belgium (J. Breuer, S. J. De Laet,M. Marien, F. Twiesselmann), Bulgaria (V. Mikow, G. Georgiev), Colombia (G. Her-nandez de Alba), Czechoslovakia (J. Bohm, J. Eisner, G. Neustupny), Denmark (J.Broensted, H. Broholm, Th. Mathiassen, P. Glob), Ecuador (J. Jijon y Caamano),Egypt (M. Amer Bey, S. Huzayyn), Esthonia (H. Moora), Federation of Malaya (H.Collings), Finland (C.A. Nordman, E. Kivikoski, N. Cleve), France (H. Breuil, R.Lantier, R. Vaufrey, Cl. Schaeffer), French West Africa (Mauny), Germany (G. Bersu,W. Unverzagt, K. Bittel, W. Dehn), Greece (S. Marinatos, G. Mylouas), Hungary(J. Banner, M. Parducz, P. Patay, A. Moszolics), India (not yet designated), Indonesia(A. Van der Hoop, F. Bosch, H. van Heekeren), Iraq (P. Safar), Ireland (S. O'Riordain,J. Raftery, M. Duignan), Israel (M. Stekelis), Italy (P. Barocelli, G. A. Blanc, B. Brea,S. Sergi), Kenya (L. Leaky), Lebanon (M. Chehab), Lithuania (J. Puzinas), Luxembourg(J. Meyers), Mexico (P. Bosch-Gimpera, P. Martinez del Rio, W. Jimenez Moreno,J. Gomaz), Netherlands (A. E. van Giffen, G. Koeningswald, W. Glasbergen), Nigeria(B. Fagg), Norway (J. Bea, S. Grieg, B. Hougen, P. Fett), Peru (J. Frisancho, L.Valcarel), Poland (R. Jacimowicz, J. Kostrzewski, W. Antoniewicz, L. Jazdzewski),Portugal (A. Mendes-Correa, J. Fontes, M. Cardozo, J. R. dos Santos), Rumania(R. Vulpe, I. Nestor), Spain (D. J. de Serra Rafols, L. Pericot, D. A. Garcia Bellido,M. Almagro Basch), Sweden (S. Lindqvist, B. Nerman, M. Stenberger, H. Arbman),Switzerland (E. Vogt, K. Keller-Tarnuzzer, M. Sauter, W. Guyan), Syria (S. AbdulHak), Turkey (S. Kansu, H. Z. Kosay, H. Cambel), Union of South Africa (A. Goodwin,Van Riet Lowe), United Kingdom (V. Gordon Childe, C. Hawkes, J. G. D. Clarke,Stuart Piggott), United States of America (H. Hencken, R. Braidwood, J. B. Griffin,H. Movius Jr.), Yugoslavia (M. Abramis, M. Grbic). OFFICERS of Executive Committee:Chairman: Prof. L. Pericot (Spain, term expires 1954); Secretary: Prof. S. J. De Laet(Belgium, permanent); Members: Prof. H. Arbman (Sweden), Prof. G. Bersu (Ger-many), Prof. Joh. B0e (Norway), Prof. C. F. C. Hawkes (U.K.), Prof. S. A. Huzayyin(Egypt), Dr. M.E. Marien (Belgium), Prof. R. Vaufrey (France).

7 COMMISSIONS: International Commission for the Study of Prehistoric Art: Chairman:H. Breuil (France). International Committee for a Dictionary of Archaeology: Chairman:J. Breuer (Belgium). International Committee for a Card-Index of Archaeology: Chair-man: M. E. Marien (Belgium).

10 MEETINGS: Executive Committee meets every year; Permanent Council, every twoyears; International Congresses, every four years.

11 VOTING: By individual vote.

12 PUBLICATIONS: Proceedings of the First International Congress of Prehistoric and Proto-historic Sciences, London, 1932, Oxford University Press, 1934. Proceedings, ThirdCongress, Ziirich, 1950, 1952. The publication of an Information Bulletin is planned.

13 RELATIONS WITH OTHER INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS: Membership of the I C P H Shas been applied for.

14 SHORT HISTORY: Founded at an international meeting in Berne in 1931. First Congress,London, 1932; Second Congress, Oslo, 1936; Third Congress, Zurich, 1950.The ExecutiveCommittee was created at Zurich in 1950.

16 COMMENTS: Fourth Congress planned for 1954 in Madrid.

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INTERNATIONAL COUNCILFOR THE EXPLORATION OtF THE SEA[CONSEIL PERMANENT INTERNATIONAL POUR L'EXPLORATION DE LA MER]

2 ADDRESS: Charlottenlund Slot, Charlottenlund, Denmark. Telephone: Hellerup 1865.Cable address: MEREXPLORATION COPENHAGEN.

3 NATURE: Intergovernmental.

4 AIMS: Practical scientific investigations of the food fishes, plankton and seawater,with the purpose of forming a basis for International Conventions aiming at securinga better output of the fisheries.

5 GOVERNING BODIES: The Council consists of delegates elected by the Governmentsinterested. Each Government appoints two delegates. The Council appoints a Presidentand four Vice-Presidents, one of whom is designated First Vice-President, who con-stitute the Bureau. The Council is a deliberative body and the Bureau has the executiveauthority. The Bureau appoints a Secretary-General who is responsible for the admi-nistrative business of the Council under the Bureau, OFFICERS of the Bureau: HonoraryPresident: Dr. K. A. Andersson (Sweden); President: A. T. A. Dobson (U.K.); FirstVice-President: Prof. J. Le Gall (France); Vice-Presidents: G. Lienesch (Nether-lands), Prof. H. U. Sverdrup (Norway), Dr. Aa. Vedel Taaning (Denmark); Secretary-General: ViHy Dessau (Denmark).

6 MEMBERS : Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Iceland, Ireland, Netherlands, Norway,Portugal, Spain, Sweden, United Kingdom.

7 COMMISSIONS: The Council has the following Committees: Consultative Committee,Finance Committee, Editorial Committee, Statistical, Hydrographical, Salmon and Trout,Plankton and Shellfish Committees, Pelagic Committee: (1) Herring Sub-Committee,(2) Whaling Sub-Committee and Area Committees: (1) North-Eastem Area; (2) North-Western Area; (3) Atlantic Slope; (4) North Sea; (5) Transition Area; (6) Baltic Area.

9 FINANCES: Contributions from participating countries.

10 MEETINGS: A statutory meeting is held once a year.

11 VOTING: Each participating country had two votes which can be cast by either oneor two delegates.

12 PUBLICATIONS: Rapports et Proces-Verbaux des Reunions. Bulletin Hydrographique.Journal du Conseil. Bulletin Statistique. Annales Biologiques. Fiches a"Identificationdu Zooplancton.

14 SHORT HISTORY: Founded 22 July 1902, to carry out a programme of internationalinvestigations of the sea as adopted at the international conferences held in Stockholmin June 1899 and in Christiania in May 1901.

INTERNATIONAL COUNCILOF SCIENTIFIC UNIONS (ICSU)

[CONSEIL INTERNATIONAL DES UNIONS SCIENTTFIQUES]

2 ADDRESS: General Secretary: Prof. A. V. Hill, The Royal Society, Burlington House,Piccadilly, London, W.I., U.K. Legal seat: Brussels, Belgium. Administrative Secretariat:29 Tavistock Square, London, W.C., U.K.

45

3 NATURE: Semi-governmental.

4 AIMS: TO co-ordinate the national adhering organizations, and also the various inter-national unions; to direct international scientific activity in subjects which do notfall within the purview of any existing international associations; to enter, throughthe national adhering organizations, into relation with the governments of the coun-tries adhering to the Council in order to promote scientific investigation in thesecountries.

5 GOVERNING BODIES: The General Assembly of the Council consists of delegates fromnational scientific organizations, delegates from the International Unions, and themembers of the Executive Committee. The work of the Council is directed by theGeneral Assembly. The Executive Committee directs the affairs of the Council betweentwo General Assemblies. It consists of the Bureau, two delegates from each of theGeneral Unions and one from each of the Specialized Unions. These delegates arenominated by the Unions, OFFICERS of the Bureau: President: Prof. Bertil Lindblad(Sweden); Vice-Presidents: Prof. H. Solberg (Norway), Colonel E. Herbays (Belgium);General Secretary: Prof. A. V. Hill (U.K.); Treasurer: Prof. W. A. Noyes Jr. (U.S.A.);Ordinary Members: Prof. N. Kamayama (Japan), Prof. J. Peres (France).

6 MEMBERS: Membership in the Council includes both adhering countries and inter-national unions. A country may adhere to the Council either by its appropriate NationalOrganization, or by its Government. Countries adhering by National Organizations:Argentina: Academia Nacional de Ciencias, Buenos Aires; Australia: National ResearchCouncil, Sydney, N.S.W.; Austria: Osterreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften,Vienna; Belgium: Academie Royale de Belgique, Brussels; Brazil: Conseho Nacionalde Pesquisas, Rio de Janeiro; Canada: National Research Council, Ottawa, Ontario;China: Academia Sinica, Taipei; Cuba: Academia de Ciencias Medicas, Fisicas yNaturales, Havana; Czechoslovakia: National Research Council, Narodni Museum,Prague; Denmark: Det Kongelige Danske Videnskabernes Selskab, Copenhagen;Finland: Suomalainen Tiedeakatemia, Helsinki; France: Academie des Sciences,Paris; German Federal Republic: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, Bad-Godesberg;Greece: Academy of Athens, Athens; Hungary: Magyar Tudomanyos AkademiaKonyvtara, Budapest; Indonesia: Organisesi Penjelidiken Dalam Ham PengetaluemAlain, Jakarta; Israel: The Research Council of Israel, Jerusalem; Italy: ConsiglioNazionale di Ricerche, Rome; Japan: Science Council of Japan, Tokyo; Mexico:Direccion de Estudios Geograficos y Climatologicos, Mexico, D.F.; Netherlands:Koninklijke Akademie van Wetenschappen, Amsterdam; New Zealand: Royal Societyof New Zealand, Wellington; Norway: Det Norske Videnskaps Akademi, Oslo; Peru:Instituto Geografico Militar, Lima; Philippines: National Research Council, Univer-sity of the Philippines, Quezon City; Poland: Polska Akademia Umiejetnosck, Cracow;Rumania: Academia Roumana, Bucharest; Spain: Consejo Superior de Investiga-ciones Cientificas; Sweden: Kungliga Vetenskaps Akademien, Stockholm; Switzerland:Societe Helvetique des Sciences Naturelles, Academie des Sciences, Geneva; Unionof South Africa: Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Pretoria; United King-dom: The Royal Society, London; United States of America: National Research Council,Washington, D.C.; Uruguay: Instituto Geografico, Estado Mayor del Ejercito, Monte-video; Vatican: Pontifica Accademia delle Scienze e Nuovi Lincei, Vatican City;Yugoslavia: Srpske Akademije, Belgrade. Countries adhering by Government: Bulgaria,Egypt, India, Morocco, Pakistan, Portugal, Thailand, Tunisia. International Unions:International Astronomical Union (IAU); International Union of Biological Sciences(IUBS); International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC); InternationalUnion of Crystallography (IUCr); International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics(IUGG); International Geographical Union (IGU); International Union of the Historyof Science (IUHS); International Union of Pure and Applied Physics (IUPAP);International Scientific Radio Union (URSI); International Union of Theoreticaland Applied Mechanics (IUTAM); International Mathematical Union (IMU).

46

7 COMMISSIONS: The Council has a Joint Commission on Science and its Social Relations(CSSRJ, which has eight members, four nominated by ICSU and four by ICPHS,with Prof. M. Florkin (Belgium) as Secretary. The Council also maintains the followingJoint Commissions (a joint commission being a commission dealing with problemsconcerning several international scientific unions): Ionosphere: Unions concerned: IAU,IUGG, IUPAP and Parent Union, URSI: Chairman: Sir Edward Appleton (U.K.);Secretary: Dr. W. J. G. Beynon(U.K.). Oceanography: Unions concerned: IUBS andParent Union, IUGG: Secretary: Dr. C D . Ovey (U.K.). Physico-Chemical Data andStandards: Unions concerned: IUPAP and Parent Union, IUPAC: Secretary: Dr.E. R. Smith (U.S.A.). Radio-Meteorology: Unions concerned: IUGG, IUPAP andParent Union, URSI: Chairman: Dr. C.R. Burrows (U.S.A.); Secretary: W.E. Gordon(U.S.A). Rheology: Unions concerned: IUPAC, IUGG, IUBS, IUTAM and ParentUnion, IUPAP: Chairman: Prof. Th. von Karman (U.S.A.); Secretary: Prof. J. M.Burgers (Netherlands). Solar and Terrestrial Relationships: Unions concerned: URSIand Parent Union, IAU: Chairman: Dr. L. d'Azambuja (France). High AltitudeResearch Stations: Unions concerned: IAU, IUGG, IUPAP and Parent Union; IUBS:Secretary: Dr. R. Stampfli (Switzerland). Radio-activity: Unions concerned: IUPACand Parent Union, IUPAP: Secretary: Prof. G. J. Sizoo (Netherlands). Spectroscopy:Unions concerned: IAU and Parent Union, IUPAP: Secretary: Dr. J. C. Bakker(Netherlands). Radiobiology: Unions concerned: IUPAP, IUPAC and Parent Union,IUBS: Secretary: Dr. P. Bonet-Maury (France). Electron-microscopy: Unions con-cerned: IUPAC, IUBS, IUCr and Parent Union, IUPAP: Secretary: Dr. F. W. Cuckow(U.K.). The Council has formed a Committee on an International Geophysical Year:Convener: Colonel E. Herbays (Belgium); and an International Abstracting Board:Secretary: Dr. G. A. Boutry (France).

9 FINANCES: The Council is supported by the subscriptions of the adhering organizations.Each country pays an annual contribution of 500 gold francs. The Unions pay contri-butions to the Council, which in no case exceeds 1.5 per cent of their total budget.The Council has also received grants-in-aid from Unesco for specific projects since 1947.

10 MEETINGS: General Assembly meetings are held, as a rule, every three years. TheExecutive Committee has held annual meetings since 1945.

11 VOTING: Voting at General Assemblies is by individual vote of the delegatespresent on matters of scientific interest. On questions of finance or administration eachcountry casts one vote, which can be forwarded to the President, if the adheringorganization is not represented by a delegate. Each General Union has three votes,each Specialized Union two votes.

12 PUBLICATIONS: International Research Council, Reports of Proceedings, published aftereach General Assembly. International Council of Scientific Unions, Reports of Pro-ceedings, Vol. I, 1931; II, 1934; III, 1937; IV, 1946; V, 1949. .Reports of ExecutiveCommittee 1947, 1948, 1950, 1951. Bulletin of Information.

13 RELATIONS WITH OTHER INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS: A formal Agreement ofunlimited duration was concluded in December 1946 between the Council and Unesco.By this Agreement, Unesco recognized the international scientific Unions as providinga natural and appropriate form for the international organization of science andICSU as their co-ordinating and representative body, ICSU recognizes Unesco as theprincipal agency of the United Nations in the field of international scientific relations,and declares its acceptance of the principles underlying the constitution of Unesco.The Agreement provides for the furtherance of freedom of scientific information,permanent consultation, reciprocal representation, exchange of information and docu-mentation, travel facilities for scientific personnel attending international conferencesand financial support by Unesco. In certain cases, Unesco may invite ICSU or itscomponent Unions to undertake specific tasks of scientific importance, and providefinancial support where necessary. A liaison officer appointed by ICSU (Dr. Establier,1947-49; Dr. Ronald Fraser, 1949) represents the Council at Unesco Headquarters.

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14 SHORT HISTORY: The International Research Council was founded in 1919. It assumedthe name of the International Council of Scientific Unions at the General Assemblyheld in Brussels in 1931. Constitutive Assembly, Brussels 1919 (three Unions organized:IAU, IUGG, IUPAC). Second Assembly, Brussels, July 1922 (four additional Unionsset up: URSI, IUPAP, IGU, IUBS). Third Assembly, Brussels, 1925. ExtraordinaryAssembly, Brussels, June 1926. Fourth Assembly, Brussels, 1928. Fifth Assembly ofthe International Research Council and First Assembly of ICSU, Brussels, July 1931.Second Assembly of ICSU, Brussels, 1924. Third Assembly, London, 1937. FourthAssembly, London, 1946 (three other Unions added: IUCr, IUTAM and IUHS). FifthAssembly, Copenhagen, 1949: Sixth Assembly, Amsterdam, October 1952.

INTERNATIONAL FEDERATION OF CULTURECOLLECTIONS OF MICRO-ORGANISMS (IFCC)

[FEDERATION INTERNATIONALE DES COLLECTIONS DE CULTURES DE MICRO-ORGANISMES]

2 ADDRESS: Division of Laboratories and Research, New York State, Department ofHealth, New Scotland Avenue, Albany 1, N.Y., U.S.A.

3 NATURE: Non-governmental.

4 AIMS: To federate culture collections of micro-organisms throughout the world and tobring them into association with the Centre de Collection de Types Microbiens, Lausanne,Switzerland, for the purpose of exchange of cultures and information. To further theissue of the Centre's periodic Bulletins and the preparation of a world catalogue ofstrains of micro-organisms. To recommend appropriate aid to selected culture collec-tions by means of subventions.

5 GOVERNING BODIES: The Federation operates through the Standing Commissionappointed by the Nomenclature Committee of the International Association of Micro-biologists, consisting of: Chairman: Prof. A. J. Kluyver (Netherlands); Members:Dr. H. Aragao (Brazil), Dr. R. E. Buchanan (U.S.A.), Sir Alexander Fleming (U.K.),Prof. P. Hauduroy (Switzerland), Prof. Th. Madsen (Denmark), Prof. Stuard Mudd(U.S.A.), Prof. E. G. D. Murray (U.K.); Temporary Secretary: Miss Julia M. Coffey(U.S.A.).

6 MEMBERS: All collaborators with the Centre de Collection de Types Microbiens areipso-facto members of the Federation.

8 FACILITIES: Algeria: Institut Pasteur d'Algerie, Alger. Argentina: Ministerio de Agri-cultura y Ganaderia, Direction General de Investigaciones Agricolas, Instituto deMicrobiologia Agricola, Buenos Aires; Facultad de Agronomia y Veterinari, Catedrade Bacteriologia, Buenos Aires. Australia: Collection of Viruses, The Walter and Eliza HallInstitute of Medical Research, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, N. 2, Victoria;Commonwealth of Azstralia, Department of Health, Commonwealth Serum Labora-tories, Parkville N. 2, Victoria; Salmonella Laboratory, Bacteriology Department,The University, Box 498D, G.P.O., Adelaide, South Australia; University of Sydney,Department of Bacteriology, Sydney, N.S.W. Austria: Hygienisches Institut derUniversitat, Kinderspitalgasse 15, Vienna 9. Belgium: Departement de Bacteriologie,Institut de Medecine Tropicale Prince Leopold, 155, rue Nationale, Antwerp; Departe-ment de Microbiologie, Universite de Louvain, Institut Agronomique, Pare d'Arenberg,Heverle. Brazil: Instituto Osvaldo Cruz, Caixa Postal 926, Rio de Janeiro, D.F.,Colecao Brasileira de Tipos Microbianos, Laboratorio de Parasitologia, Faculdade

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Nacional de Medicina, Universidade do Brasil, Avenida Pasteur 458, Rio de Janeiro.British West Indies: The Hankey Culture Collection, Colonial Microbiological Research.Institute, P.O. Box 584, Port-of-Spain, Trinidad. Bulgaria: Socie'te Bulgare de Micro-biologie, 3, rue Dounaw, Sofia. Canada: Division of Bacteriology and Dairy Research,Department of Agriculture, Science Service Building, Ottawa. China: Chinese TypeCulture Collection, The Industrial Fermentation Laboratory of the National Bureauof Industrial Research, 352 Chang Ning Road, Shanghai; Microbiological Collectionof the National Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang. Czechoslovakia: Centre deCollections de Types Microbiens de Tchecoslovaquie, Prague, with four main collec-tions: (1) The Centre for Pathogenic Micro-organisms; (2) The Institute of Mycologyand Chemistry of Fermentation of the Polytechnic School, Prague; (3) The Departmentof Microbiology of the State Institute for Agricultural Research; (4) The Instituteof Plant Physiology, Culture Collection Algarum, Hepaticarum et Muscorum, CharlesUniversity, Prague. Denmark: Enterobacteriaceae Collection, Statens Seruminstitut,Amager Boulevard 80, Copenhagen S. Egypt: Bacteriology Department, Faculty ofMedicine, Fouad I University, Kasr El-Aini Hospital, Cairo. France: Museum Nationald'Histoire Naturelle, Laboratoire de Cryptogamie, 12, rue de Buffon, Paris-5e; InstitutPasteur, 25, rue du Docteur Roux, Paris-15e; Service de Bacteriologie (Collection desAnaerobies), Service de Tuberculose, Service de Physiologie Vegetale et de Mycologie,Service de Virus, Service de Bacteriophage; Section de Mycologie Medicale, Institutde Parasitologie, Faculte de Medecine de Paris, 15, rue de l'Ecole de Medecine, Paris-6e;Laboratoire du Bacteriophage, 75, rue Olivier-de-Serres, Paris-15e; Institut Pasteur,20, boulevard Louis XIV, Lille, Nord. French West Africa: Institut Pasteur de l'AfriqueOccidentale Franchise, Dakar. Germany: Hygienisches Institut der Stadt und Univer-sitat, Paul-Ehrlichstrasse 40, Frankfurt a. M.-Slid 10; Institut Robert Koch, Abtei-lung I, Fohrerstrasse 2, Berlin N. 65. India: The National Collection of Type Cultures,Indian Institute of Science, Malleswaram P.O., Bangalore; Indian Type Culture Collec-tion, Division of Mycology and Plant Pathology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute,New Delhi; Botanical Laboratory, Carmichael Medical College, Calcutta. Indonesia:Treub Laboratorium, Kebun Raya, Bogor-Djawa. Iran: Collection de Souches Micro-biennes, Institut d'Etat des Serums et Vaccins, Razi, Hessarek-Karedj. Italy: Labora-torio de Batteriologia, Istituto Superiore di Sanita, Viale Regina Margherita 299,Rome; Laboratorio Crittogamico, Universita di Pavia, Istituto ed Orto Botanico,Via Scopili, Casella Postale 165, Pavia; Istituto d'Igenie dell'Universita degli Studi diPerugia, Casella Postale 150, Perugia. Japan: Nagao Research Institute, Tokyo;Institute for Infectious Diseases, University of Tokyo; Faculty of Agriculture, TokyoUniversity; Institute of Fermentation, Osaka; Department of Brewing, Faculty ofEngineering, Osaka University; Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University;Department of Brewing, Faculty of Engineering, Hiroshima University; ResearchInstitute for Chemistry of Fermentation, Faculty of Engineering, Yamanashi Uni-versity; Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University; Faculty of Agriculture, KyotoUniversity. Netherlands: Leptospira Type Collection, Bacteriological Department,Instituut voor Tropische Hygiene en Geographische Pathologie, Mauritskade 57,Amsterdam O; Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures, Javalaan 4, Baarn; Labora-torium voor Microbiologie, Technische Hogeschool, Nieuwe Laan 5, Delft. New Zea-land: Type Culture Collection, University of Otago, Medical School, King Street,Dunedin, C.I. Norway: Norwegian Collection of Yeasts isolated from cases of asthmaand bronchitis, Statens Institutt fur Folkehelse, Geitmyrsvegen 75, Oslo. Philippines:Microbiological Unit, University of the Philippines, Institute of Hygiene, Quezon City.Portugal; Instituto Botanico, Faculdade de Ciencias, Lisbon. Switzerland: Centre deCollection de Types Microbiens, Institut d'Hygiene, 19, rue Cesar Roux, Lausanne;Union Laitiere Vaudoise, Centrale Laitiere de Lausanne, rue Cesar Roux-Saint Martin,Lausanne; Departement de l'lnterieur, Service Veterinaire et Institut Galli-Valerio,37, rue Cesar Roux, Lausanne; Station Federate d'Essais de Cultures, Montagibert,Lausanne. Tunisia: Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Tunis. Turkey: Institut d'Hygi&nede l'Universite d'Istambul, Istambul. United Kingdom: Culture Collection of Algae

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and Protozoa, The Botany School, Downing Street, Cambridge; Mycological Refer-ence Laboratory, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street,London, W.C.I; Commonwealth Mycological Institute, Ferry Lane, Kew, Surrey;Wellcome Bacterial Collection, The Wellcome Research Laboratories, Langley Court,Beckenham, Kent. United States of America: American Type Culture Collection,2029 M Street, N.W., Washington 6, D.C.; Department of Bacteriology, Universityof Illinois, Noyes Laboratory of Chemistry, Urbana, 111.; Department of Microbiology,Rutgers University, New Jersey Agricultural Experiment Station, New Brunswick,N.J.; Collection of Type Cultures, Division of Laboratories and Research, New YorkState Department of Health, Albany 1, N.Y.; Culture Collection, Northern RegionalResearch Laboratory, United States Department of Agriculture, Fermentation Divi-sion, Peoria 5, 111.; Culture Collection, Hopkins Marine Station, Pacific Grove, Calif.;Collection of Phytopathogenic Bacteria, University of California, College of Agri-culture, Agricultural Experiment Station, Division of Bacteriology, Davis, Calif.;Standard Culture Depot, The Trudeau Foundation for the Clinical and ExperimentalStudy of Pulmonary Disease, the Trudeau Laboratory, Trudeau, N.Y. Uruguay:Collection of Fungi, Instituto de Higiene, Facultad de Medicina, Avenida A. Rical-doni 3051, Parque J. Batlle y Ordonez, Montevideo.

9 FINANCES: Members are under no financial obligation to the Federation. Incidentalexpenses are covered by the sponsoring bodies.

13 RELATIONS WITH OTHER INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS : See 5 above. The InternationalAssociation of Microbiologists is the Microbiological Section of the InternationalUnion of Biological Sciences, which is itself federated in ICSU.

14 SHORT HISTORY: The inception of the International Federation of Culture Collectionsof Micro-organisms was in the first instance stimulated by Unesco. The Federationoriginated at the Fourth International Congress for Microbiology, Copenhagen, 1947,in association with the International Association of Microbiologists, and the Centre deCollection de Types Microbiens. Dr. Ralph St. John-Brooks, the first secretary of theFederation, whose wisdom and knowledge aided markedly in the early organization,resigned in 1951.

INTERNATIONAL FOUNDATIONOF THE HIGH ALTITUDE RESEARCH STATION,

JUNGFRAUJOCH[FONDATION INTERNATIONALE DE LA STATION SCIENTIFIQUE DU JUNGFRAUJOCH]

INTERNATIONALE STIFTUNG HOCHALPINE FORSCHUNGSSTATION JUNGFRAUJOCH

2 ADDRESS: Buhlplatz 5, Berne, Switzerland. Telephone: 2.07.85.

3 NATURE: Non-governmental.

4 AIMS: To promote all fields of science interested in high altitude experimentation[Astronomy, Astrophysics, Physics (especially cosmic rays), Geophysics, Geology,Mineralogy, Meteorology, Physiology, Medicine, Zoology, Botany, etc.].

5 GOVERNING BODIES: The Foundation has a Council which is at the same time theAdministrative Council of the Research Station. The Council consists of two represen-tatives of each adhering organization and the President of the Foundation, OFFICERS :President of the Foundation: Prof. A. von Muralt (Switzerland); Administration of theStation: Director: Prof. A. von Muralt; Treasurer: E. Tenger (Switzerland); Assistantto the Director: Dr. R. Stampfli (Switzerland).

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6 MEMBERS : The Foundation has the following members: Austria: Akademie der Wissen-schaften, Vienna; Belgium: Fonds National de la Recherche Scientifique, Brussels;France: Universite de Paris, Paris; Germany: Max-Planck-Gesellschaft zur Forderungder Wissenschaften, Gottingen; Switzerland: Societe Helvetique des Sciences Naturelles,Berne, and Societe Anonyme du Chemin de Fer de la Jungfrau, Berne; United King-dom: Royal Society of London, London.

8 FACILITIES: The Station is easily accessible by the Jungfraujoch Railway. It has powersupplied from the railway and a set of storage batteries for emergency; gas and runningwater; a good supply of material, such as glassware, etc., a well-equipped machineshop, a number of large laboratory rooms, an astronomical dome, a library and goodliving quarters where 20 scientists can work simultaneously.

9 FINANCES: At the formation of the Foundation in 1930 a sum of 550,000 Sw.fr. wasgiven by the five Member States: Austria, France, Germany, Switzerland, UnitedKingdom (Belgium joined later), and a sum of 290,332 Sw.fr. was given by thefollowing donors: Gebh. A. Guyer, Zurich; Rockefeller Foundation, New York; ClubAlpin Suisse; Guyerzeller Bank S.A., Zurich; Banque Cantonale de Berne, Berne;Spar- und Leihkasse, Berne; Berner Oberland Bahnen Interlaken. The Station receivesevery year a contribution from the Federal Government, the Government of theCanton of Berne and the Jungfraujoch Railway for the running expenses of the Station.Since 1943 the Governments of the following Cantons have contributed: Aargau, Basle,Fribourg, Neuchatel, Vaud, Zurich. Any country may adhere to the Foundationthrough its main scientific organization by contributing a minimum of 50,000 Sw.fr.in a lump sum or within a period of five years.

12 PUBLICATIONS : The Station has published a brochure on the first 20 years of its existencein English, French and German with the title: 20 Jahre Hochalpine ForschungsstationJungfraujoch. The Station itself does not publish any scientific papers but during itsfirst 20 years, 1931 to 1951, 322 papers were published by scientists who had workedat the Station.

13 RELATIONS WITH OTHER INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS: The Station is affiliated toICSU.

14 SHORT HISTORY: When in 1894 the concession was given to the Jungfrau Railway Com-pany, it was stipulated that the railway company should build an Obervatory onthe Jungfraujoch. The railway was started in 1896 and finished in 1912. In 1922 theSwiss Jungfraujoch Commission was formed. In 1927 Prof. W. R. Hess succeededProf. A. de Quervain as President of the Swiss Jungfraujoch Commission. In 1930 theInternational Foundation was created and on 4 July 1931 the Station was opened.

INTERNATIONAL GEOGRAPHICAL UNION (IGU)[UNION GEOGRAPHIQUE INTERNATIONALE (UGl)]

2 ADDRESS: c/o American Geographical Society, Broadway at 156th Street, New York, 32,N.Y., U.S.A. Telephone: ADirondack 4-8100.

3 NATURE: Non-governmental.

4 AIMS: The purpose of the Union as defined by its statutes are; (a) promotion of studyof problems which concern geography; (b) encouragement and co-ordination of researchrequiring co-operation between several countries and ensuring scientific discussion aswell as publication; (c) giving continuity to international geographical congresses andcommissions thereof. It is to be noted that, although international geographical con-gresses date from the nineteenth century, the Union has, since its formation in 1922,served to give continuity to the administration of the congresses.

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5 GOVERNING BODIES: The work of the Union is set by the delegates of the adheringcountries at the General Assembly. The General Assembly elects a Bureau composedof a President, not more than seven Vice-Presidents, and a Secretary-Treasurer. ThisBureau forms the Executive Committee of the Union, OFFICERS (1952-55): President:Prof. L. Dudley Stamp (U.K.); First Vice-President: Prof. Orlando Ribeiro (Portugal);Vice-Presidents: Dr. Hans W:son Ahlmann (Sweden), Prof. Hans Boesch (Switzerland),Prof. George B. Cressey (U.S.A.), Prof. George Kuriyan (India), Prof. Maximilien Sorre(France), Prof. Hilgard O'Reilly Sternberg (Brazil); Secretary-Treasurer: Dr. GeorgeH.T. Kimble (U.S.A.); Honorary President (life term): Prof. E. de Martonne (France).

6 MEMBERS: Each adhering country forms a National Committee. It is created on theinitiative of its National Academy of Sciences, its National Research Council or asimilar national institution. The following countries adhere to the Union: Argentina,Austria, Belgium, Brazil, Bulgaria, Canada, Chile, Colombia, Cuba, Czechoslovakia,Denmark, Dominican Republic, Egypt, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary,India, Indonesia, Israel, Italy, Japan, Mexico, Morocco, Nationalist China, Netherlands,New Zealand, Norway, Pakistan, People's Republic of China, Poland, Portugal, Ruma-nia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, Union of South Africa, United Kingdom,United States of America, Uruguay, Yugoslavia.

7 COMMISSIONS: There are now 11 Commissions in the Union, namely: Bibliographyof Ancient Maps: Chairman: Roberto Almagia (Italy); Medical Geography: Chairman:Jacques M. May (U.S.A); Periglacial Morphology: Chairman: Hans W. Ahlmann(Sweden); Inventory of World Land Use: Chairman: Samuel van Valkenburg (U.S.A.);Arid Zone; Karst Phenomena; Evolution of Slopes; Erosion Surfaces around the Atlantic;Coastal Sedimentation; The Teaching of Geography in Schools; Library Classificationof Geographical Books and Maps.

9 FINANCES : The General Assembly, held at Lisbon in April 1949, changed all regulationsand established the following categories for annual contribution:

CategoryNumber of Contribution Units

I1

II2

III3

IV5

V7

VI9

VII12

VIII15

Each contribution unit was set at U.S. $100. Each adhering country is to select acategory to which it wishes to adhere.

10 MEETINGS: The General Assembly meets every three or four years. The date and placeof the General Assembly are set by the preceding General Assembly. An extraordinaryGeneral Assembly may be called upon demand of one-third of the adhering countries.The Executive Committee meets usually once a year.

11 VOTING: Each adhering country has one vote.

12 PUBLICATIONS : Rapports de la Commission de I'Habitat Rural, 1,1928; II, 1930; 111,1931.Rapport de la Commission pour VEtude de la Surpopulation, 1934. L'Extension desRegions Privees d'Ecoulement vers VOcean, 1928. Rapports de la Commission des Ter-rassespliocenes etpleistocenes, 1,1928; II, 1930; III, 1932; IV, 1934; V, 1938; VI, 1949.Rapport de la Commission des Variations Climatiques, 1938. Rapports de la CommissionPermanente de Photographie Aerienne, I, 1934; II, 1938. Travaux Topographiques etCartographiques de 1931 a 1934, 1934; 1934 a 1938, 1938. Rapport de la Commissionpour la Cartographie des Surfaces d'Aplanissement Tertiaires, 1938. Bibliographie desCartes de Surfaces d'Aplanissement, 1938. Comptes-rendus des Congres Internationauxde Geographie, published by each Congress in liaison with the Assembly of the Inter-national Geographical Union. The following were published with the financial aid ofUnesco: Rapport de la Commission pour la Cartographie des Surfaces d'Aplanissement,Louvain, 1949; Sixieme Rapport de la Commission pour VEtude des Terrasses plioceneset pleistocenes, Louvain, 1949; Bibliographie GeographiqUe Internationale, 1945-46,Paris, 1949; 1947, Paris, 1949; 1948, Paris, 1951; Bibliographie Cartographique Inter-nationale, 1946-47, Paris, 1949; 1948, Paris, 1950; 1949, Paris, 1952. Newsletter (bilin-

52

gual English/French). World Directory of Geographers lists 4,000 geographers in morethan 50 countries.

13 RELATIONS WITH OTHER INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS: The Union is federated inICSU.

14 SHORT HISTORY: The International Geographical Union was formally organized underthe International Research Council on 27 July 1922, by delegates from Belgium, France,Italy, Japan, Portugal, Spain and the United Kingdom. The first discussions for theformation of the Union under the International Research Council were held in Brusselsin July 1919. The Second General Assembly was held in Brussels on 15 April 1924.The Seventeenth International Geographical Congress and Eighth General Assemblyof the IGU took place in Washington, D.C., 8-15 August 1952.

16 COMMENTS: The Eighteenth International Geographical Congress will be held in Rio deJaneiro in 1956.

INTERNATIONAL GEOLOGICAL CONGRESS[CONGRES GEOLOGIQUE INTERNATIONAL]

2 ADDRESS: Secretariat General du Congres Geologique International, Faculte desSciences, Algiers, Algeria. Telephone: 321-99.

3 NATURE: Semi-governmental.

4 ALMS : To contribute to the advancement of investigations relating to the study of theEarth, considered from theoretical and practical points of view.

5 GOVERNING BODIES: The Council, which conducts the meetings of the Congress, iscomposed of members of the Organizing Committee for the Session, Presidents of theNational Delegations, Directors of Geological Surveys, societies and universities, andmembers of the Congress whom the Council sees fit to co-opt. The Bureau, elected atthe opening session of each Congress, carries on the business of the Congress betweenSessions. The General Meeting, composed of all the members of each Session. OFFICERSof the Bureau: President: Prof. Ch. Jacob (France); Vice-Presidents: The Head of eachGovernment Delegation, and Prof. H. H. Read (U.K.), Dr. A. J. Butler (U.K.), E.Friedel (France), Prof. M. Roubault (France), Prof. M. Dalloni (France), J. Marcais(Morocco), A. Marin y Bertran (Spain), G. Castany (Tunisia), Prof. M. Roques (France);General Secretaries: Prof. R. Laffitte (France), Prof. G. Lucas (France).

6 MEMBERS: Delegations to the Nineteenth Session, Algiers 1952, from: Algeria, Anglo-Egyptian Sudan, Australia, Austria, Bechuanaland, Basutoland and Swaziland, Belgium,Belgian Congo, British Guiana, Burma (Union of), Canada, Ceylon, Chile, China, Cyprus,Czechoslovakia, Denmark, Dominican Republic, Egypt, El Salvador, Federation of Malaya,Finland, France, Overseas France, Gold Coast, Hungary, Hyderabad, India, Indonesia, Ire-land, Italy, Jordan (Hashemite Kingdom of), Kenya, Mexico, Morocco, Netherlands, New-foundland, New Zealand, Nigeria, Norway, Portugal, Rumania, Sierra Leone, SouthernRhodesia, South-West Africa, Sweden, Switzerland, Tanganyika, Thailand, Trinidad,Tunisia, Uganda, Union of South Africa, Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, UnitedKingdom, United States of America.

7 COMMISSIONS: As reconstituted or created at the Seventeenth Session: SpendiarovPrize: President: E. B. Bailey (U.K.). Lexicon of Stratigraphy: President: L. "Waagen(Austria); Secretary: S. H. Haughton (Union of South Africa). Fossil Man: President:V. C. Madsen (Denmark). Crust of the Earth: President: P. Fourmarier (Belgium);Secretary: M.M. Tetiaeff (U.S.S.R.). Geophysics and Geothermics: President: P.M.Nikiforov (U.S.S.R.). Geological Map of Europe: President: M. Verse (Germany);

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Vice-President: G. Fliegel (Germany); Secretary: W. Schriel (Germany). GeologicalMap of the World: President: M. Verse (Germany); Vice-President: G. Fliegel(Germany); Secretary: W. Schriel (Germany). Distribution of the Gondwana (Karroo)System: Secretary: A. W. Rogers (Union of South Africa). International Geological Mapof Africa: President: A. Lacroix (France); Vice-Presidents: E. B. Bailey (U.K.), P.Fourmarier (Belgium); Secretary-General: E. de Margerie (France). African Surveys:Honorary President: A. W. Rogers (Union of South Africa); Secretary: F. Blondel(France). Authors Abstracts: President: M. Goldman (U.S.A.). Petrology, Mineralogyand Geochemistry: President: F. J. Loewinson-Lessing (U.S.S.R.); Vice-Presidents:A. E. Fersman(U.S.S.R.), W. M. Goldschmidt (Norway), A. Harker (U.K.), A. Lacroix(France). Determination of Geological Age by Radiological Methods: President: A. Lanne(U.S.A.); Vice-President: W. I. Vernadsky (U.S.S.R.).

9 FINANCES: Subsidies from governments of countries in which the Congress Sessionsare held; contributions from individuals.

10 MEETINGS: Sessions of the Congress are generally held every three years.

11 VOTING: By individual vote.

12 PUBLICATIONS: The Proceedings of each Session are published as soon as possible afterthe closing of the Session. They contain the papers read at the meetings of the Session,the discussions arising therefrom, and a general report on finance and other matterstreated by the Congress.

14 SHORT HISTORY: Founded in Buffalo, N.Y., U.S.A., 1876. The Seventeenth Sessionwas held in Moscow in 1937. During the Eighteenth Session in London in 1948, a pro-posal to the effect that the Congress become a Union and seek federation in ICSU, wasdiscussed. At the Nineteenth Session, held in Algiers, September 1952, it was decidedto postpone the formation of a Union.

INTERNATIONAL HYDRO GRAPHIC BUREAU (IHB)[BUREAU HYDROGRAPHIQUE INTERNATIONAL (BHI)]

2 ADDRESS: Quai des Etats-Unis, Monte-Carlo, Monaco. Telephone: 02 587. Cable address:BURHYDINT MONACO.

3 NATURE: Intergovernmental.

4 AIMS: TO establish a permanent association between the hydrographic services of thevarious States; to co-ordinate their work in order to promote easier and safer naviga-tion on all seas; to endeavour to obtain uniformity in hydrographic documents, andto advance the science of hydrography.

5 GOVERNING BODIES: Directing Committee (composed of the President and two Direc-tors) elected by the International Hydrographic Conference, every five years, OFFICERS :President: Rear-Admiral C. L. Nichols, U.S.N. (retired); Director: Vice-AdmiralJ. D. Nares, D.S.O., Royal British Navy (retired); Second Director: Capitano di Vas-cello A. Viglieri, Italian Navy; Secretary-General: Capitaine de Vaisseau de ReserveH. Bencker, French Navy.

6 MEMBERS: Argentina, Australia, Brazil, Canada, China, Cuba, Denmark, Egypt, France,Germany, Greece, Indonesia, Italy, Japan, Monaco, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway,Poland, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Thailand, Turkey, Union of South Africa, UnitedKingdom, United States of America, Uruguay, Yugoslavia.

8 FACILITIES: Charts, sailing directions and standard nautical publications.

54

9 FINANCES: Each member shall subscribe two shares of 2,000 gold francs; membershaving 100,000 tons of snipping or more (Navy and Merchant Marine) shall contributesupplementary shares in accordance with the tonnage they possess.

10 MEETINGS: International Hydrographic Conference, every five years.

11 VOTING: Each Member has one vote only on all questions submitted to conferences,except at the election of the Directing Committee and the Secretary-General, wheneach Member has two votes and those countries possessing more than 100,000 tons ofshipping (Navy and Merchant Marine) shall have additional votes in accordance witha scale established by the Statutes of the Bureau.

SupplementaryTons votes

100,000- 499,999 1500,000-1,999,999 2

2,000,000-7,999,999 3Above 8,000,000 4

12 PUBLICATIONS: Reports of Proceedings of the International Hydrographic Conferences1919, 1926, 1929 (supplementary conference), 1932, 1937, 1947, 1952. Statutes of theBureau. Annual Reports since 1922. Hydrographic Review, twice a year since 1925.International Hydrographic Bulletin, monthly since 1928. Year-Book 1952, one vol.,giving the titles, addresses, etc. of hydrographers all over the world. About 40 specialpublications on technical subjects, including a Hydrographic Dictionary in severallanguages.

14 SHORT HISTORY: The International Hydrographic Bureau was founded in 1921. At theFifth International Hydrographic Conference held in Monaco in 1947, a re-draft of theStatutes of the Bureau was accepted.

INTER NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF EMBRYOLOGY(HE)

[INSTITUT INTERNATIONAL D'EMBRYOLOGIE (iIE)]

2 ADDRESS: Janskerkhof 2, Utrecht, Netherlands.

3 NATURE: Non-governmental.

4 AIMS: The purpose of the Institute is the furtherance of Embryology. The Instituteis a self-perpetuating body of the leading embryologists of all countries, who fill vacan-cies by election. Periodical meetings and symposia are arranged.

5 GOVERNING BODIES: Board, elected by the active members, OFFICERS (1952-56): Presi-dent: Prof. M.W. Woerdeman (Netherlands); Vice-Presidents: Prof. E. Faure-Fremiet(France), Prof. P. Weiss (U.S.A.); Members: Prof. A. Dalcq (Belgium), Prof. F. E.Lehmann (Switzerland); Secretary-Treasurer: Prof. Chr. P. Raven (Netherlands);Honorary President: Prof. J. Boeke (Netherlands).

6 MEMBERS: Individual members as follows: Australia 1, Belgium 6, China 3, Denmark 1,Finland 1, France 6, Germany 5, Italy 4, Netherlands 5, Norway 1, Portugal 1, Sweden 4,Switzerland 6, Union of South Africa 1, Union of Soviet Socialist Republics 5, UnitedKingdom 7, United States of America 23, Uruguay 1.

8 FACILITIES : The Hubrecht Laboratory is the seat and principal centre of the Institute.All members are entitled to the use of the collections and the Library of the HubrechtLaboratory.

55

9 FINANCES: Annual Budget: approximately 1,000 Dutch guilders, received in the formof subscriptions from members and donations.

11 VOTING: Individual vote.

12 PUBLICATIONS: Minutes of the Meetings. Membership lists. Annual Report. The Hub-recht Laboratory publishes annually a General Embryological Information Service.

13 RELATIONS WITH OTHER INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS : The Institute is the Embryo-logical Section of the International Union of Biological Sciences which is federatedin ICSU.

14 SHORT HISTORY: The Institute was founded in June 1911, by Prof. A. A.W. Hubrecht(Netherlands), Prof. F. Keibel (Germany), Prof. R. Assheton (U.K.). It was affiliatedto the IUBS in July 1947. Four meetings have been held since World War II: April1947, July 1948, September 1949, and August 1952.

INTERNATIONAL INSTITUTEOF THEORETICAL SCIENCES (IIST)

[INSTITUT INTERNATIONAL DES SCIENCES THEORIQUES (iIST)]

2 ADDRESS: 221, avenue de Tervueren, Brussels, Belgium. Telephone: 33.23.11.

3 NATURE: Non-governmental.

4 AIMS: (a) The co-ordination of modern theoretical principles; (b) the organization ofannual international meetings in the form of symposia of some 40 scientists in anintellectual centre; (c) the holding, at the headquarters of the Secretariat, of frequentround-table discussions limited to special problems; (d) the organization of a ScienceHome for some 12 young research workers (the home was formally opened on 22 Janu-ary 1949); (e) the publication of Scientific Archives.

5 GOVERNING BODIES: General Assembly, Academic Council (elected by the Assemblyfor six years), Secretariat, Administrative Board, OFFICERS: (until 1955): Director:Stanislas Dockx (Belgium); Members of the Academic Council: President: L. E. J.Brouwer (Netherlands); Secretary: J. L. Destouches (France); Members: M. J. Sirks(Netherlands), F. Gonseth (Switzerland).

6 MEMBERS: Four honorary members; 44 titular members: Belgium 8, France 11, Italy 1,Netherlands 6, Switzerland 4, United Kingdom 5, United States of America 9; Correspond-ing members 7.

8 FACILITIES: Research centre, library, gramophone records, documentation service.

9 FINANCES: Grants from the International Association for Scientific Collaboration.

10 MEETINGS: Annual symposia.

11 VOTING: By individual ballot.

12 PUBLICATIONS: Archives of the International Institute of Theoretical Sciences, appearingat irregular intervals.

13 RELATIONS WITH OTHER INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS: The Institute is affiliated tothe International Federation of Philosophic Societies, the International Council forPhilosophy and Humanistic Studies and the International Union for Philosophy ofScience.

14 SHORT HISTORY: Founded 12 July 1944. The first symposium of the InternationalAcademy of the Philosophy of Science was held in September 1947. Formal opening

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of the Secretariat and the Science Home on 22 January 1949. Round-table discussions,28-30 April 1949: 'La Vie et les Quanta'; 14-16 July 1949: 'La Negation dans la Logiqueet les Mathematiques'. Second symposium, 10-15 October 1949: 'Le Probleme dePEvolution'.

INTERNATIONAL LATITUDE SERVICE (ILS)[SERVICE INTERNATIONAL DES LATITUDES]

2 ADDRESS: c/o Prof. Gino Cecchini, Direttore in cargo dell'Osservatorio Astronomicodi Torino, Turin, Pino Torinese, Italy. Telephone: 88.10.62. Cable address: OSSER-VATORIO PINO TORINESE.

3 NATURE: Non-governmental.

4 AIMS: To make observations of latitude variations in various observatories, and torecord and transmit this information for the use of astronomical observatories engagedin meridian observations, and in the reduction of survey observations. The resultsachieved by the Service contain material for the investigation of the lunar effect onlatitude, and for the separation of the true polar motion from errors in star places andfrom local effects.

5 GOVERNING BODIES: Central Bureau, OFFICERS: Director: Prof. Gino Cecchini (Italy).

9 FINANCES: The two contributing Unions (International Union of Geodesy and Geo-physics and International Astronomical Union) give equal annual subventions to theCentral Bureau and share in providing special grants for publication costs. The remain-ing expenses of the Central Bureau are provided from national funds.

12 PUBLICATIONS: Provisional results are usually published annually in an astronomicaljournal. The detailed results have been published in a series of volumes, of whichVol. IX, containing results for 1935-48 inclusive, is in preparation.

13 RELATIONS WITH OTHER INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS: Affiliated to the InternationalUnion of Geodesy and Geophysics and to the International Astronomical Union.

14 SHORT HISTORY: The International Latitude Service was initiated by the EleventhKonferenz der internationalen Erdmessung in 1895, which agreed to provide fundsfor the determination of polar motion to which the variation in latitude is due. Latitudeobservatories were set up at fixed stations on the parallel of latitude 39° 8' N.: Mizusawain Japan, Tschardjni in Russian Turkestan, Carloforte in Sardinia, Gaithersburg,Cincinnatti and Ukiah in the United States of America. Observations began at allthese stations in 1899, and the Central-bureau der internationalen Erdmessung, inPotsdam, undertook the reductions. At various times during World War I the servicewas depleted by the discontinuation of three of the stations, but observations werecarried on by the Association Gfiodesique Restreinte until 1922, when the newly formedUnions of Astronomy and Geodesy and Geophysics assumed joint responsibility forsupport of the Central Bureau, which was transferred from Potsdam to Mizusawa.A new station was opened at Kitab (Russian Turkestan) in 1930, and the station atGaithersburg was re-opened in 1932. Two new stations were established in latitude34° 55' S., one in Adelaide, and the other at La Plata. Only the Russian, Japaneseand American stations continued to operate throughout World War II, but by 1947,observations were once more being undertaken at all the stations. The General Assembly(1948) of the International Astronomical Union recommended the re-establishmentof the Observatory at Adelaide, interrupted since 1940. The Central Bureau wastransferred from Mizusawa to Capodimonte in 1936, and to Turin in 1949.

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INTERNATIONAL MATHEMATICAL UNION (IMU)[UNION MATHEMATIQUE INTERNATIONALE (iMU)]

2 ADDRESS : International Mathematical Union, Istituto Matematico, Citta Universitaria,Rome, Italy. Cable address: IMU UNIVERSITA ROMA.

3 NATURE: Non-governmental.4 AIMS: (a) To promote international co-operation in Mathematics; (b) to support and

assist the International Congress of Mathematicians and other international scientificmeetings or conferences; (c) to encourage and support other international mathematicalactivities considered likely to contribute to the development of mathematical sciencein any of its aspects, pure, applied or educational.

5 GOVERNING BODIES: The General Assembly, consisting of delegates appointed by thenational adhering organizations together with the Officers of the Union; the ExecutiveCommittee, consisting of the Officers of the Union, President, First Vice-President,Second Vice-President, Secretary, and three members elected by the General Assembly.OFFICERS (terms end 31 December 1954): President: Prof. N. H. Stone (U.S.A.);First Vice-President: Prof. Emile Borel (France); Second Vice-President: Prof. E.Kamke (Germany); Secretary: Prof. E. Bompiani (Italy); Members: Prof. W. V. D.Hodge (U.K.), Prof. S. Iyanaga (Japan), Prof. B. Jessen (Denmark).

6 MEMBERS : National adhering organizations in Argentina, Australia, Austria, Belgium,Canada, Cuba, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Japan, Netherlands,Norway, Pakistan, Peru, Spain, Switzerland, United Kingdom, United States of America,Yugoslavia.

7 COMMISSIONS : I. Committee on Dissemination of Mathematical Knowledge. II. Committeeon the Exchange of Mathematicians. III. Committee on Abstracting and ReviewingMathemetical Papers. IV. Committee for a Directory of Mathematical Symbols. V. Com-mission for the Teaching of Mathematics. VI. Committeefor a Directory of Mathematicians.

9 FINANCES: Annual dues from adhering organizations. Estimated budget: U.S. $3,965.

10 MEETINGS: Meetings of the General Assembly, once every four years (or upon con-vocation by the Executive Committee).

11 VOTING: Voting by delegations at the General Assembly.

12 PUBLICATIONS: The publication of an International Mathematical News Bulletinis planned.

13 RELATIONS WITH OTHER INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS: The IMU is federated inICSU, and maintains relations with other international scientific unions.

14 SHORT HISTORY: An International Mathematical Union, already in existence, wasdissolved at the International Congress of Mathematicians in Zurich, 1932. The presentUnion was planned at a meeting in New York, August 1950, and approved at theInternational Congress of Mathematicians held in Cambridge, Mass., U.S.A., Sep-tember 1950. The First General Assembly was held in Rome, 6-8 March 1952.

16 COMMENTS: The next International Congress of Mathematicians and Second GeneralAssembly of the Union will take place at Amsterdam in the autumn of 1954.

INTERNATIONAL ORNITHOLOGICAL CONGRESS[CONGRES ORNITHOLOGIQUE INTERNATIONAL]

INTERNATIONALER ORNITHOLOGEN KONGRESS

2 ADDRESS: President: Dr. A. Landsborough Thomson, 16 Tregunter Road, London,. S.W. 10, U.K. General Secretary: Prof. A. Portmann, Zoologische Anstalt der Univer-

sitat, Rheinsprung 9, Basle, Switzerland. Telephone: 4 57 44.

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3 NATURE: Non-governmental.

4 AIMS: Organization of international ornithological congresses.

5 GOVERNING BODIES: Permanent Executive Committee; International OrnithologicalCommittee; Local Executive Committee, OFFICERS of Permanent Executive Committee(1950-54): President: Dr. A. Landsborough Thomson (U.K.); President elect of theEleventh Ornithological Congress, Basle, 1954; Members: J. Berlioz (France), J. Dela-cour (U.S.A.), A. Ghigi (Italy), R. Meinertzhagen (U.K.), E. Stresemann (Germany),A. Wetmore (U.S.A.); Additional Member and Secretary to the Committee: S. Horstadius(Sweden); General Secretary to Eleventh Congress, Basle, 1954: Prof. A. Portmann(Switzerland). International Ornithological Committee (from 17 June 1950): 100 Mem-bers: Argentina 1, Australia 1, Austria 2, Belgium 2, Brazil 1, Bulgaria 1, Canada 2,Chile 1, Colombia 1, Denmark 3, Federation of Malaya 1, Finland 2, France 10, Ger-many 11, Hungary 1, Iceland 1, India 1, Italy 4, Japan 3, Kenya 1, Netherlands 6,New Zealand 1, Norway 1, Poland 1, Spain 1, Sweden 4, Switzerland 4, Union ofSouth Africa 1, Union of Soviet Socialist Republics 3, United Kingdom 13, UnitedStates of America 14, Venezuela 1.

6 MEMBERS: Members of the Congress held at Uppsala, June 1950: 377 distributed asfollows: Argentina 1, Australia 2, Austria 3, Belgium 10, Canada 4, Denmark 32,Dutch Guiana 1, Egypt 1, Finland 9, France 20, Germany 30, Greece 1, Hungary 1,Iceland 1, India 1, Ireland 7, Italy 2, Lichtenstein 1, Netherlands 33, New Zealand 2,Norway 4, Spain 1, Sweden 83, Switzerland 15, United Kingdom 73, United States ofAmerica 35, Venezuela 4.

9 FINANCES: Dues paid by ordinary members and by members of the InternationalCommittee.

10 MEETINGS: Every four years.

11 VOTING: By members of the International Committee.

12 PUBLICATIONS: Mitteilungen d. Ornitholog. Vereins Wien, Vols. 8-10, 1884-86: ZweiterInternational Ornithologischer Kongress, Budapest, 1892. Other publications presentedat the Budapest Congress: J. S. von Peteny, der Begriinder der wissenschaftlichenOrnithologie in Ungarn, by O. Herman. Aves Hungariae, by J. Frivaldsky. Referat u'berden Stand der Kenntnisse des Vogelzuges, by J. A. Pabnen. A review of recent attemptsto classify birds, by R. B. Sharpe. Anatomie der Vogel, by M. Fiirbringer. Die Vogel-sammlung des bosnisch-hercogovinischen Landesmuseums in Serajewo, by O. Reiser.Fossil Birds, by A. Newton. Entwurf zu einem Organisationsplan des InternationalenOrnithologischen Komitees, by A. B. Meyer. Hie Congres Ornithologique International.Documents officiels et proces-verbaux. Ornis, Vol. 11, 496 pp., Paris, 1901. Proceedingsof the Fourth International Ornithological Congress, Ornis, Vol. 14, 696 pp., London, 1907.Verhandlungen des V. Internationalen Ornithologen Kongresses Berlin 1910,1911, 1186pp. Verhandlungen des VI. Internationalen Ornithologen Kongresses Kopenhagen 1926,1929,641 pp. Proceedings of the Seventh International Ornithological Congress Amsterdam1930, 1931, 527 pp. Proceedings of the Eighth International Ornithological CongressOxford 1934, 1938, 758 pp. Compte-Rendu du IXe Congres Ornithologique InternationalRouen 1938,1938, 543 pp. Proceedings of the Tenth International Ornithological CongressUppsala 1950, 1951, 662 pp. The International Ornithological Committee publishedthe periodical Ornis, 1885-1910 (Journal of the International Committee / Bulletindu Comite Ornithologique International / Organ des permanenten internationalenornithologischen Komitees).

14 SHORT HISTORY: International ornithological congresses have been held at Vienna 1884,Budapest 1891, Paris 1900, London 1905, Berlin 1910, Copenhagen 1926, Amsterdam1930, Oxford 1934, Rouen 1938, Uppsala 1950.

16 COMMENTS: Next Congress: Basle, 29 May-5 June 1954.

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INTERNATIONAL PALEONTOLOGICAL UNION(IPU)

[UNION PALEONTOLOGIQUE INTERNATIONALE (UPl)]

2 ADDRESS: C/O H. E. Vokes, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore 18, Md., U.S.A.;Prof. Henri Termier, Laboratoire de Geologie Generale, Faculte des Sciences, Algiers,Algeria.

3 NATURE: Non-governmental.

4 AIMS: Promoting and co-ordinating international activities in Paleontology and Strati-graphy.

5 GOVERNING BODIES: Executive Committee of three: the Secretary and two members.OFFICERS (terms expire at Twentieth Session, International Geological Congress):President: Prof. Henri Termier (France); Vice-Presidents: M. Gortani (Italy), H.J.Harrington (Argentina), B. F. Howell (U.S.A.), W.J. Jongmans (Netherlands), T.Kobayashi (Japan), J. Piveteau (France), M. R. Sahni (India), O. Schindewolf (Ger-many), V. van Straelen (Belgium), C. J. Stubblefield (U.K.), Y. C. Sun (China), C.Teichert (Australia); Secretary: H.E. Vokes (U.S.A.); Treasurer: L. Stormer (Sweden).

6 MEMBERS: Any society occupied with the study of Paleontology and any individualengaged in paleontological work may be members. At the Moscow Congress, 1937,52 organizations were listed.

7 COMMISSIONS: Committees on: Paleontologia Universalis. Proterozoic Correlation:President: B.F. Howell (U.S.A.). Nomenclature of Types: President: Fischer-Piette(France). Cataloguing and Distribution of Type-Specimens. Fossil Man: President:Prof. Vallois (France).

9 FINANCES: Each member contributes U.S. $1 annually.

10 MEETINGS: Coincident with meetings of the International Geological Congress. Nor-mally at three-yearly intervals.

11 VOTING: By individual vote.

12 PUBLICATIONS: At each International Geological Congress, the works of the Inter-national Paleontological Union are issued in a separate volume.

13 RELATIONS WITH OTHER INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS: The Union is affiliated to theInternational Geological Congress.

14 SHORT HISTORY: The formation of the Union was proposed by B.F. Howell at th e

International Geological Congress, Washington, 27 July 1933. The Constitution was

framed by a committee of paleontologists with B.F. Howell as Secretary. First meetingat the International Geological Congress, Moscow, 21 July 1937; second meeting at theInternational Geological Congress, London, 25 August 1948; third meeting at theInternational Geological Congress, Algiers, 8 September 1952.

INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC RADIO UNION[UNION RADIO-SCIENTIFIQUE INTERNATIONALE (URSl)]

2 ADDRESS: General Secretariat: 42, rue des Minimes, Brussels, Belgium. Telephone:12.88.65.

3 NATURE: Semi-governmental.

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4 AIMS: To develop on an international basis, scientific studies pertaining to radio-electricity, and particularly: (a) to initiate and organize research requiring inter-national co-operation, and also allow scientific discussions and publication of thoseresearches; (b) to facilitate the setting up of common methods of measurements aswell as the comparison and standardization of measuring instruments.

5 GOVERNING BODIES: Administration of the Union and organization of its work areentru sted to the Officers of the Union under directives from the Executive Committee.OFFICERS: President: P. Lejay (France); Vice-Presidents: Dr. Ch.R. Burrows (U.S.A.),Dr. D. F. Martyn (Australia),Prof. D.B.H. Tellengen (Netherlands); General Secretary:Eng. E. Herbays (Belgium); Treasurer: Prof. Ch. Manneback (Belgium).

6 MEMBERS: National Committees constituted in Australia, Belgium, Canada, Czecho-slovakia, Denmark, France, German Federal Republic, India, Italy, Japan, Morocco,Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Union ofSouth Africa, United Kingdom, United States of America, Yugoslavia.

7 COMMISSIONS: I. Measurements and Standardization: Chairman: Dr. R.L. Smith-Rose(U.K.). II. Troposhere and Wave Propagation: Chairman: Dr. Ch.R. Burrows (U.S.A.).III. Ionosphere and Wave Propagation: Chairman: Sir Edward V. Appleton (U.K.).IV. Terrestrial Radio-noise: Chairman: J. A. Ratcliffe (U.K.). V. Radio-Astronomy:Chairman: M. Laffineur (France). VI. Waves and Circuits: Chairman: Dr. L. C. vanAtta (U.S.A.). VII. Electronics: Chairman: Prof. G. A. Woonton (Canada).

9 FINANCES : Subscriptions from adhering countries, based on a scale according to popu-lation. Unit Contribution: 450 gold francs. Donations received with the approval of theExecutive Committee.

10 MEETINGS: The General Assembly meets normally every two years.

11 VOTING: Each country sends a number of delegates based on a scale of population asfollows:

Units ofVotes S

Less than 5 million inhabitants5 to 10 million inhabitants

10 to 15 million inhabitants15 to 20 million inhabitantsOver 20 million inhabitants

12 PUBLICATIONS : Information Bulletin, Special Reports, Proceedings of General Assemblies.

13 RELATIONS WITH OTHER INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS: The Union is federated

in ICSU.

14 SHORT HISTORY: The Union replaced the International Commission on ScientificWireless Telegraphy, founded in 1913. General Assemblies have been held in Washington,Brussels, Copenhagen, London, Venice 1938, Paris 1946, Stockholm 1948, Zurich 1950,Sydney 1952.

INTERNATIONAL TIME BUREAU1

[BUREAU INTERNATIONAL DE L'HEURE (BIH)]

2 ADDRESS: 61, avenue de l'Observatoire, Paris-14e, France.

3 NATURE: Non-governmental.

4 AIMS: Transmission of accurate time signals, both regular and occasional (or experi "mental) for specific purpose; these signals are based on the astronomical observation9

1 No official title in English.

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Votes12345

Subscription12358

at the Observatory of Paris, but with due account being taken of radio telegraphicsignals from other observatories. Reception of time signals from other observatories andtheir inter-comparison. Publication of these comparisons with all necessary details.The International Bureau serves as the executive organ of the International TimeCommission which is the 31st Commission of the International Astronomical Union.In 1947, the Bureau received 51 different sets of signals each day and the numberis still growing. In addition to the hourly signals transmitted by the contributingobservatories, the Bureau also registers the signals transmitted by the WashingtonBureau of Standards on three wavelengths simultaneously throughout the 24 hours,as well as the signals sent by other similar institutions.

5 GOVERNING BODIES: OFFICERS: Director: A. Danjon, Directeur de l'Observatoire deParis, France; Head of Services: N. Stoyko, Astronome Titulaire, Chef de Servicea l'Observatoire de Paris, France.

8 FACILITIES: Equipment for time measurements and for transmitting and receiving timesignals by radio, etc.

9 FINANCES : The International Astronomical Union contributes two-thirds and the Inter-national Union of Geodesy and Geophysics one-third to the annual budget of theBureau.These two Unions have received a yearly subvention from Unesco for support-ing this Bureau since 1947.

12 PUBLICATIONS: The Bureau publishes an annual report. Bulletin Horaire, which con-tains the determinations of true time and the results of the various inter-comparisonsand corrections; the Bulletin appears, approximately, every two months.

13 RELATIONS WITH OTHER INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS: The International TimeBureau is affiliated to the International Astronomical Union and the InternationalUnion of Geodesy and Geophysics.

14 SHORT HISTORY: The Bureau de l'Heure was created in 1919, when the Commissionon Time was formed as one of the constituent commissions of the International Astro-nomical Union. A central Bureau was established at the Paris Observatory for thetransmission of accurate time signals by radio and other means, and for the receiptand co-ordination of time signals from the observatories of other countries. The Inter-national Union of Geodesy and Geophysics has become partly responsible for themaintenance of the Bureau, since 1922.

15 BIBLIOGRAPHY: Rapport, 1920-28 by G. Bigourdan. Bulletin Horaire, 3, No. 46, 1929.he Bureau International de VHeure, son Role, son Fonctionnement, by Armand Lambert.Annuaire du Bureau des Longitudes pour 1940, Paris, 1940.

INTERNATIONAL UNION OF ANTHROPOLOGICALAND ETHNOLOGICAL SCIENCES

[UNION INTERNATIONALE DES SCIENCES ANTHROPOLOGIQUES ET ETHNOLOGIQUES]

2 ADDRESS: President: Dr. Paul Rivet, Palais de Chaillot, place du Trocadero, Paris-16e,France. Telephone: PASsy 09-42. Secretary: Dr. P. Bosch-Gimpera, Escuela Nacionalde Antropologia, Moneda 13, Mexico, D.F., Mexico.

3 NATURE: Non-governmental.

4 AIMS: (a) To promote international co-operation in the field of sciences of man, espe-cially in International Congresses, the work of study commissions, expeditions, bymeans of bursaries granted to research workers, publications and all types of scientificactivity; (b) to organize research on an international basis; (c) to promote scientific

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co-operation between national societies of anthropology and ethnology; (d) to promoteco-operation with other Unions.

5 GOVERNING BODIES : General Assembly. Steering Committee consisting of the President,five Vice-Presidents and the Secretary-General elected by the Assembly. ExecutiveCommittee composed of the President, two Vice-Presidents and the General Secretary.Until the First General Assembly elects the Steering Committee and the ExecutiveCommittee, the powers of both Committees are in the hands of a Special Committeewhich is acting as Organizing Committee nominated by the General Assembly of theInternational Congress of Anthropological and Ethnological Sciences, Brussels, 1948,and enlarged at the Vienna, Congress, 1952. OFFICERS (terms expire 1956): President:Prof. Paul Rivet (France); Members: W. Koppers (Austria), K. Birket Smith (Den-mark), H. Vallois (France), S. Sergi (Italy), J. O. B. Josselin de Jong (Netherlands),Daryll Forde (U.K.), M. J. Herskovits (U.S.A.); Secretary-General: P. Bosch-Gimpera(Mexico).

9 FINANCES: Members subscription: U.S. $2 for 100 titular members in each memberorganization. Minimum subscription: U.S. $1.

10 MEETINGS: General Assembly every four years. Extraordinary meetings if necessary.Meetings of the Steering, Executive and Special Committees are not held at fixedintervals.

11 VOTING: Individual ballot.

13 RELATIONS WITH OTHER INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS: Member of ICPHS; relationswith Unesco through ICPHS. Relations are envisaged with the Provisional Inter-national Social Sciences Council and with ICSU.

14 SHORT HISTORY: Established at the International Congress of Anthropological andEthnological Sciences, Brussels, 1948. Has received subventions from Unesco throughICPHS for the following purposes: Mission of the Inter-American Indian Institutein the Mezquital valley, to study the Otomi population; missions in Africa of the Inter-national African Institute for the comparative study of different populations of Africa;African Abstracts; Bibliography of Americanists; Bibliography of Oceanists; Books ofSynthesis on Africa: African Systems of Kinship and Marriage by A. R. Radcliffe-Brown and Daryll Forde. Oxford University Press, 1950; French translation by Prof.Griaule, Presses Universitaires de France, Paris.

16 COMMENTS: Next Congress of Anthropological and Ethnological Sciences: Philadelphia1956. A programme of action is under study by the Special Committee.

INTERNATIONAL UNIONOF BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES (IUBS)

[UNION INTERNATIONALE DES SCIENCES BIOLOGIQUES (UISB)]

2 ADDRESS: 57, rue Cuvier, Paris-5e, France. Telephone: PORt-Royal 19-00.

3 NATURE: Non-governmental.

4 AIMS: The object of the International Union of Biological Sciences is to promote thestudy of different branches of Biology, both pure and applied: (a) to initiate andorganize research in which the co-operation of different countries is advantageous;(b) to provide for the scientific discussion of problems and for the publication of theresults of research; (c) to encourage the establishment and improvement of researchlaboratories which are accessible to students of all nationalities; (d) to promote the

63

organization of international congresses and of international scientific excursions;(e) to facilitate the preparation and publication of bibliographies.

5 GOVERNING BODIES : The work of the Union is controlled by the General Assembly, anddirected by a Bureau and Executive Committee. The Executive Committee consists ofthe Bureau and two representatives of each Section, OFFICERS of the Bureau: President:Prof. H. Munro Fox (U.K.); Vice-President: Prof. J. E. Runnstrbm (Sweden); GeneralSecretary: Prof. P. Vayssiere (France); Secretary: Dr. Stuart Mudd (U.S.A.); Treasurer:Prof. F. Chodat (Switzerland).

6 MEMBERS: A country may adhere to the Union through its National Committee. Thefollowing countries are members: Argentina: Instituto Nacional de Investigacionesde las Ciencias Naturales, Tucuman; Australia: National Research Council, Melbourne;Austria: Institut Zoologique de l'Universite, Vienna; Belgium: Institut Royal desSciences Naturelles, Brussels; Brazil: Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro; China:Academia Sinica, Shanghai; Colombia: Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Bogota;Czechoslovakia: C. S.L. Narodni Badatelska, Prague; Denmark: Det Kongelige DanskeVidenskabernes Selskab, Copenhagen; Egypt: Conseil National des Recherches FouadIer, Cairo; Finland: Societas Scientarum Fennica, Helsinki; France: Academiedes Sciences, Paris ; India: Department of Scientific Research, New Delhi;Israel: The Research Council of Israel, Jerusalem; Italy: Consiglio Nazionale delleRicerche, Rome; Japan: Science Council of Japan, Tokyo; Luxembourg: Section desSciences de l'lnstitut Grand-Ducal, Luxembourg; Morocco: Institut ScientifiqueCherifien, Rabat; Mexico: Sociedad Mexicana de Historia Natural, Mexico; Nether-lands: Biologische Raad van Nederland, Amsterdam; New Zealand: Council of Scientificand Industrial Research, Wellington; Norway: Norske Videnskaps Akademi, Oslo;Peru: Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marco, Lima; Portugal: Sociedade Portu-guese di Biologia, Lisbon; Spain: Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas,Madrid; Sweden: Kungelige Svenska Vetenskapsakademien, Freskati-Stockholm;Switzerland: Societe Helvetique de Sciences Naturelles, Zurich; Union of South Africa:South African Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Pretoria; United Kingdom:Royal Society, London; United States of America: National Research Council, Wash-ington; Yugoslavia: Conseil des Academies des Republiques Fed^ratives PopulairesYougoslaves, Belgrade.

7 COMMISSIONS: The Union has the following Sections: Biometry: Chairman: Prof.R.A. Fisher (U.K.). Botany: Chairman: Prof. C. Skottsberg (Sweden). Cell Biology:Chairman: E.N. Harvey (U.S.A.). Embryology: Chairman: Prof. N. W. Woerdeman(Netherlands). Entomology: Chairman: Prof. Rene Jeannel (France). Genetics: Chair-man: Prof. G. Bonnier (Sweden). Limnology: Chairman: Prof. G. Aim (Sweden).Microbiology: Chairman: Sir Alexander Fleming (U.K.). Zoology: Chairman: Dr. E.Hindle (U.K.); and the following Commissions: Applied Ecology: Chairman: Dr. Boyko(Israel), Scientific Studies of Natural Calamities: Chairman: (not yet nominated).Research on Biologic Fight against Enemies of Cultures: Chairman: Dr. J. Ghesquiere(Belgium).

9 FINANCES: The contribution for each country is determined as follows: the numberof units of contribution to be paid by each country is 1, 2, 4, 8, and above. Each countrycan choose the number of units of contribution it wishes to pay and may change thisnumber later in accordance with the importance of its scientific establishments, withthe importance which it attributes to the Union, and with its financial resources.

10 MEETINGS: The General Assembly meets every three years. The Executive Committeemeets both before and after the General Assembly. The Bureau usually meets twicea year with a meeting in Paris.

11 VOTING: On matters of administration and finances, each country has one vote. Onscientific matters, each delegate has one vote. Countries may have three delegatesas a maximum.

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12 PUBLICATIONS : Series A. 'Proceedings of General Assemblies and Official Acts.'' TheProceedings of the First to the Eighth (1935) General Assemblies are out of print.Series B. 'Proceedings of Symposia': (1) Trace Elements in Plant Physiology, Rothau-sted, 1947. (2) Les Bases Theoriques de la Nomenclature Botanique et de la Systematique,Utrecht, 1948. (3) VInteraction entre VOeuf et le Sperme, Milan, 1948. (4) La Termino-logie Genetique et Cytogenetique, Stockholm, 1948 (not for public distribution). (5) LesBases Scientifiques d'une Organisation Internationale de la Lutte Biologique, Stockholm,1948. (6) Genetic Neurology: Problems of the Development, Growth and Regenerationof the Nervous System and of its Functions, Chicago, 1949. (7) Le Role des Anaerobiesdans la Nature, Brussels, 1949. (8) Problemes de VEmbryologie Physio-Genetique, Berne,1949. (9) Les Bases Ecologiques de la Regeneration de la Vegetation des Zones Arides,Stockholm, 1950. (10) La Symbiose des Insectes avec les Microorganismes, Amsterdam,1951. Series C. (Various publications oflUBS, its Commissions and Sections): (1) Syste-matic Check List of Mite Genera and Type Species, (CD. Radford), 1950. (2) Cataloguedes echantillons types des Collections de Baleontologie du Museum de Paris: Mammiferes(Multitubercules, Marsupiaux, Primates, Tillodonles, Carnivores et CondylarthrSs),(R. Cintract), 1951. (3) Catalogue systematique des types de Trochilides du Museum deParis, (C. Jouanin), 1951. Permanent participation in: Nomenclature Botanique, Nomen-clature Zoologique, Annee Biologique, Resumptio Genetica, Zoological Records. Contri-butions to: Index Herbariorum, Index des Botanistes, Index des Zoologistes.

13 RELATIONS WITH OTHER INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS: The Union is federated inICSU.

14 SHORT HISTORY: The Preparatory Conference of the Union was held at Brussels in 1919,and the Constituent General Assembly at Brussels in 1922. General Assemblies:III, Brussels 1925; IV, Paris 1926; V, Geneva 1927; VI, Brussels 1928; VII, Brussels1931; VIII, Amsterdam 1935; IX, Copenhagen 1947; X, Stockholm 1950.

16 COMMENTS: The Eleventh General Assembly will be held in 1953.

INTERNATIONAL UNION OF CRYSTALLOGRAPHY(IUCr)

[UNION INTERNATIONALE DE CRISTALLOGRAPHIE]

2 ADDRESS: c/o Dr. R.C. Evans, Crystallographic Laboratory, Cavendish Laboratory,Cambridge, U.K. Telephone: 55478. Cable address: CRYSTALS CAMBRIDGE.

3 NATURE: Non-governmental.

4 AIMS: To promote international co-operation in crystallography; to promote inter-national publication of crystallographic research and of crystallographic work; tofacilitate standardization of methods and of units in crystallography; to form a focusfor the relations of crystallography to other sciences.

5 GOVERNING BODIES: The work of the Union is directed by the General Assembly ofdelegates appointed by the adhering bodies. The Officers of the Union, elected by theGeneral Assembly, constitute the Executive Committee, and hold office until the endof the General Assembly following that of their election, OFFICERS: President: Prof.J.M. Bijvoet (Netherlands); Vice-Presidents: Prof. G. Hagg (Sweden), Prof. J . Wyart(France); General Secretary: Dr. R. C. Evans (U.K.); Editor: Prof. P. P. Ewald (U.S.A.);Other members: Prof. J. D. Beraal (U.K.), Sir K.S. Krishnan (India), Prof. E. Onorato(Italy), Dr. A. L. Patterson (U.S.A.); Honorary President: Prof. M. von Laue (Germany).

6 MEMBERS : A country adheres to the Union through a National Committee duly recog-nized by the General Assembly. Each National Committee represents Crystallography

65

in its own country. Adhering countries: Australia, Austria, Belgium, Brazil, Canada,Czechoslovakia, Denmark, France, India, Italy, Japan, Netherlands, Norway, Spain,Switzerland, Union of South Africa, United Kingdom, United States of America.

7 COMMISSIONS: Acta Crystallographica: Chairman: Prof. P. P. Ewald (U.S.A.). StructureReports: Chairman: A.J.C. Wilson (U.K.). International Tables: Chairman: Prof.Kathleen Londsdale (U.K.). Crystallographic Data: Chairman: F. W. Matthews(Canada). Crystallographic Apparatus: Chairman: A. Guinier (France). Crystallo-graphic Nomenclature: Chairman: Dr. W. L. Bond (U.S.A.).

9 FINANCES: The Union is financed by contributions paid annually by the adheringcountries. The unit contribution is £10 (or its equivalent in other currencies) and thenumber of units paid depends on the group to which the country chooses to belong.The publications are financed by receipts from sales, and by subventions from Unesco,and from American, British and Dutch industrial and other sources.

10 MEETINGS: The General Assembly normally meets every three years. The ExecutiveCommittee meets whenever necessary.

11 VOTING: Voting at General Assemblies is by countries, which have votes in accordancewith the Group in which they adhere, as follows:

Group I-III IV-VI VII-VIIINumber of votes 1 3 5

Any adhering country not represented may forward its votes to the President by post.

12 PUBLICATIONS: Acta Crystallographica, bi-monthly. Structure Reports, periodical reviewof recently published crystal structure determinations. International Tables for X-rayCrystallography.

13 RELATIONS WITH OTHER INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS: The Union is federatedin ICSU.

14 SHORT HISTORY: A Union of Crystallography was proposed at the International Con-ference on Crystallography held in London, July 1946. A Provisional Committee wasformed, and a subcommittee entrusted with the work of preparing a Constitution.The Statutes were accepted at the First General Assembly, held at Harvard University,28 July-3 August 1948, and attended by some 350 delegates. The Union was acceptedas a member of ICSU on 7 April 1947. The Second General Assembly was held atStockholm, 27 June-3 July 1951.

16 COMMENTS: The Third General Assembly will be held in Paris during the summerof 1954.

INTERNATIONAL UNIONOF GEODESY AND GEOPHYSICS (IUGG)

[UNION GfiODfiSIQUE ET GEOPHYSIQUE INTERNATIONALE]

2 ADDRESS: c/o Georges Laclavere, 30, avenue Rapp, Paris-7e, France. Telephone:INValides 03-27.

3 NATURE: Semi-governmental.

4 AIMS: To promote the study of problems relating to the figure and physics of the earth;to initiate, facilitate and co-ordinate research into, and investigation of, those problemsof geodesy and geophysics which require international co-operation; to provide fordiscussion, comparison and publication. The primary activities of the Union are

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carried on by the constituent International Associations and Commissions in theirvarious fields of scientific investigation.

5 GOVERNING BODIES : The final authority in all matters of the Union, scientific, admini-strative and financial, is the body of delegates from member countries meeting inGeneral Assembly. The General Assembly elects a President, two Vice-Presidentsand a General Secretary of the Union. The main administrative and policy-makingbody, especially in matters involving finance, is the Council of the Union. Each membercountry has one representative on the Council, which meets at times of General Assem-blies of the Union or as called by the President. The Executive Committee is a smallerbody whose primary function is to decide on important matters of technical andadministrative urgency in the intervals between Assemblies; the Executive Committeealso makes recommendations to the Council on general matters of policy of the Unionand its Associations. The President, the two Vice-Presidents, the retiring President,and the General Secretary of the Union and the President of each of the Associationsmake up the Executive Committee. A Finance Committee of five members is electedby the Council. Its function is to scrutinize the accounts of the Union and its com-ponents and to make recommendations on all financial matters to the Council. Noofficer of the Union or of the Associations can be a member of this Finance Committee.Continuity of function between General Assemblies is maintained by the Bureau ofthe Union, comprising the President and the General Secretary. The work of theBureau is to give eifect to the decisions of the General Assembly, and to carry on theadministrative affairs of the Union in accordance with the Assembly's instructions.OFFICERS (terms expire September 1954): President: Prof. S. Chapman (U.K.); Vice-Presidents: Prof. G. Cassinis (Italy), Dr. J. Bjerknes (U.S.A.); General Secretary:G. Laclavere (France).

6 MEMBERS: The Union is a Confederation of seven International Associations, dealingrespectively with Geodesy, Seismology and Physics of the Interior of the Earth,Meteorology, Terrestrial Magnetism and Electricity, Oceanography, Vulcanology andHydrology. For a description of these seven associations see Annex I to VII. Member-ship is open to any country in which independent activity in geodesy or geophysicshas been or is being developed, and automatically carries with it membership of thecomponent International Associations and Commissions of the Union. The adheringorgan of a country may be its Government, or its Academy of Science, or an organi-zation or service representing the sciences concerned. The countries presently adheringto the Union are: Argentina, Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, Chile, Colombia,Czechoslovakia, Denmark, Egypt, Finland, France, German Federal Republic, Greece,India, Indonesia, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Japan, Mexico, Morocco, Netherlands, NewZealand, Norway, Pakistan, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Spain, Sweden,Switzerland, Syria, Thailand, Tunisia, Turkey, Union of South Africa, United Kingdom,United States of America, Viet-Nam, Yugoslavia. Prospective additional members:Brazil, Uruguay.

7 COMMISSIONS AND SUB-ORGANIZATIONS: The Union has the following Commissions:Commission of the International Seismological Summary, Commission for the Study ofEuropean Seismic Problems, Commission on the Physics of the Interior of the Earth,Commission on Atmospheric Ozone, Commission on Radiation, Commission on Snowand Ice, Commission on Underground Waters, Commission on Surface Waters, Com-mission on Continental Erosion; as well as mixed Commissions with other scientific Unions,namely: Joint Commission on the Relationship of Solar and Terrestrial Phenomena,Joint Commission on the Ionosphere, Joint Commission on Oceanography, Joint Com-mission on Radiometeorology, Joint Commission on High Altitude Research Stations.The Union also provides for the following international services: (a) the InternationalLatitude Service (Turin), jointly with the International Astronomical Union; (b) theIsostatic Institute (Helsinki), mainly sustained by Finland, with subventions from theInternational Union of Geodesy and Geophysics; (c) le Bureau International de VHeure

67

(Paris), jointly with the International Astronomical Union; (d) the InternationalSeismological Summary (Kew), mainly sustained hitherto by funds from variousBritish seismological interests; (e) Standard Sea Water Service (Copenhagen); (f) CentralBureau for International Exchange of Equipment and Observations of AtmosphericOzone (Oxford); (g) International Comparison of Standard Geomagnetic Instruments(Copenhagen).

9 FINANCES: The Union has eight categories of membership, numbered 1 to 8. Choice ofcategory is left to the country seeking membership, though the decision whether anyparticular choice is accepted is in the hands of the Council of the Union. The categorydetermines the number of units of subscription to be paid to the Union annually byeach country. At the present time the unit of subscription is £100. It has, however,been recommended that France and the United Kingdom be asked to increase theirsubscriptions to £1,000 per annum, and the United States of America to £1,500per annum.

10 MEETINGS: The General Assembly of the Union meets every three years.

11 VOTING: In scientific and administrative matters, each country has one vote. In finan-cial matters each country has one vote more than its category number.

12 PUBLICATIONS: A Report of each General Assembly is published by the Bureau of theUnion, at present at 30, avenue Rapp, Paris-7e, France. The Union publications todate are: No.l. First General Assembly, Rome 1922. No. 2. Second General Assembly,Madrid 1924. No. 3. Third General Assembly, Prague 1927. No. 4. Fourth GeneralAssembly, Stockholm 1930. No. 5. Fifth General Assembly, Lisbon 1933. No. 6. SixthGeneral Assembly, Edinburgh 1936. No. 7. Seventh General Assembly, Washington 1939.No. 8. War Years, 1939-45, and Extraordinary Assembly, Cambridge 1946, 1947.No. 9. Statutes and By-laws, operative from 1 January 1947, 1947. No. 10. Descriptionof the Union and its Constituent Associations with an Account of their Scientific Activities,1947. No. 11. Eighth General Assembly, Oslo 1948. The Union issues quarterly TheIUGG News-Letter (Bulletin d''Information de VUnion Geodesique et Geophysique Inter-nationale). For the Publications of the Associations of the Union, see Annexes I to VII.

13 RELATIONS WITH OTHER INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS: The Union is federatedin ICSU.

14 SHORT HISTORY: The IUGG was formed in Brussels in 1919 as a confederation of sixinternational associations dealing respectively with Geodesy, Seismology, Meteorology,Terrestrial Magnetism and Electricity, Physical Oceanography and Vulcanology;a seventh Association for Hydrology was added in 1936. The Association of Geodesyhad already been in existence since 1867 as the Europaische Gradmessung, and theAssociation of Seismology since 1903.

16 COMMENTS: The next General Assembly of the Union will take place in Rome inSeptember 1954.

Annex I

INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF GEODESY (IAG)[Association Internationale de Geode'sie (AIG)]

2 ADDRESS: 19, rue Auber, Paris-9e, France. Telephone: OPEra 86-66.

3 NATURE: Semi-governmental.

4 AIMS : The aims of the International Association of Geodesy are: general documentationin the field of geodesy and organization of geodetic enterprises of synthetic and inter-

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national character. Among the general activities undertaken by the InternationalAssociation of Geodesy, the following should be mentioned: the adjustment of theEuropean network of triangulation. This important work of international co-operationis of primary importance as establishing for the first time a homogeneous and uniquesystem of reference covering a continent which is absolutely indispensable for thestudy of the earth. The organization of a world-wide gravimetric network and thecreation of an International Gravimetric Bureau, which functions in Paris.

5 GOVERNING BODIES: The Permanent Committee of the International Association ofGeodesy, being analogous in its composition and functions to the Council of IUGG,has one representative from each adhering country. The Executive Committee of theInternational Association of Geodesy, which is composed of the presidents of the fiveSections into which the Association is divided, fulfils a function in the administrationof the association comparable with that of the Executive Committee of the Union.OFFICERS (terms expire September 1954): Executive Committee: President: Prof. Dr.C. F. Baeschlin (Switzerland); Vice-Presidents: Dr. J. de Graaff Hunter (U.K.), Prof.G. Cassinis (Italy); Presidents of the Sections: M.C.A. Whitten (U.S.A.), Prof. PaoloDore (Italy), Prof. J. Cox (Belgium), P. Lejay (France), Brig. G. Bomford (U.K.);Members of Honour: Prof. F. A. Vening-Meinesz (Netherlands), W.D. Lambert (U.S.A.),Prof. N. E. Norlund (Denmark); Director of the Central Office: Prof. Pierre Tardi(France); Associate Secretaries (in an advisory capacity): J. J. Levallois (France),Frank L. Culley (U.S.A.).

6 MEMBERS: The countries adhering to the IUGG are members of the Association:Argentina, Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, Chile, Colombia, Czechoslovakia,Denmark, Egypt, Finland, France, German Federal Republic, Greece, India, Indonesia,Ireland, Israel, Italy, Japan, Mexico, Morocco, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway,Pakistan, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria,Thailand, Tunisia, Turkey, Union of South Africa, United Kingdom, United Statesof America, Viet-Nam, Yugoslavia. Prospective additional members: Brazil, Uruguay.

7 COMMISSIONS: The Association has five sections, namely: Triangulations: Chairman:M.C.A. Whitten (U.S.A.); Precision Levelling: Chairman: Prof. Paolo Dore (Italy);Geodetic Astronomy: Chairman: Prof. J. Cox (Belgium); Gravimetry: Chairman: P.Lejay (France); Study of the Geoid: Chairman: Brig. B. Bomford (U.K.). Each sectioncomprises a number of Commissions. In addition to these Sections and Commissionsthere are a number of rapporteurs, each of whom is charged with preparing a triennialreport on some major problem of geodesy. The principal reports submitted normallydeal with (a) triangulations and bases; (b) precision levelling; (c) the determinationof geodetic astronomy; (d) gravimetric observations; (e) projection systems; (f) tidesin the earth's core; and (g) isostasy and the deviation from the vertical. The publicationof these reports forms one of the primary activities of the Association.

8 FACILITIES: The Association supports the following permanent services: (1) BureauInternational de VHeure (jointly with the Associations of Seismology and Meteorologyand the International Astronomical Union); (2) the International Latitude Service (incollaboration with the International Astronomical Union); (3) the Isoslatic Institutein Helsinki. In addition, the Central Office in Paris has organized an important Inter-national Geodetic Bibliography, which gives a complete index of all articles on geodesypublished in any country.

9 FINANCES: Funds are provided by IUGG.

10 MEETINGS: Meetings are held in common with the Assembly of the IUGG.

11 VOTING: Questions of a scientific nature are referred during General Assemblies to thevotes of all delegates present (each delegate having one vote). On administrative mattersand on matters both scientific and administrative, the number of votes of each countryfollows the scale adopted by the IUGG. Questions are presented by the Council andratified by the General Assembly.

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12 PUBLICATIONS : The Geodetic Bulletin, published every three months, includes importantscientific articles on geodesy as well as the proceedings of the Association and of theUnion and a synopsis of important works on geodesy published in the various adheringcountries. The Bulletin contains the Reports of the General Assembly of the Associationand the communications submitted at those Assemblies. General Reports on importantproblems in geodesy. International Geodetic Bibliography, published normally everythree years. Special publications, e.g., tables of the international ellipsoid of reference(in two systems, sexagesimal and centesimal), and tables of natural values of trigono-metric lines and angles in the centesimal systems (eight decimals).

13 RELATIONS WITH OTHER INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS: The IAG is one of the com-ponent Associations of the IUGG, which is itself federated in ICSU.

14 SHORT HISTORY: The International Association of Geodesy succeeded to the inheritanceof the former International Geodetic Association, which functioned before WorldWar I and had its Bureau at the Geodetic Institute at Potsdam. The Bureau wasdirected by the celebrated German geodetist, Helmert. The organization of the Inter-national Latitude Service and the International Bureau of Weights and Measureswere two results of the activities of the Geodetic Association at that time. In 1919 theInternational Geodetic Association became the International Association (then called'Section') of Geodesy, one of the component Associations of the newly-formed Inter-national Union of Geodesy and Geophysics.

16 COMMENTS: The next General Assembly of the IAG (in common with the Assemblyof the IUGG) will be held in Rome in 1954.

Annex II

INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF SEISMOLOGYAND PHYSICS OF THE INTERIOR OF THE EARTH[Association Internationale de Seismologie et de Physique de l'Interieur de la Terre]

2 ADDRESS: c/o Prof. J. P. Rothe, 38, boulevard d'Anvers, Strasbourg, France. Cableaddress: GEOPHYSE STRASBOURG.

3 NATURE: Semi-governmental.

4 AIMS : To further the advancement of the science of seismology in its various aspects,economic and social as well as scientific. To further these objects, the Association:(a) facilitates the exchange of seismological information about particular earthquakesas recorded at the observatories, organizes rapid transmission of data in order todetermine the location and depth of the origin; (b) discusses the suitability of newtypes of seismograph; recommends the establishment of new seismological stationsin the world network; defines the various phases of earth movements and decides onthe international symbols used to represent these phases; (c) arranges for the discussionand adoption for international use of travel time-tables showing the duration of pro-pagation of principal earthquake phases; (d) establishes an international scale for thedirect observation of earthquakes; publishes annual catalogues of earth movementsfelt or recorded throughout the world; (e) publishes seismological memoirs and papersand makes chem available to all interested; (f) designates the general rapporteursresponsible for so-ordinating research on Physics of the Earth: Tectonophysics: Prof.Vening-Meinesz (Netherlands); Gravimetric Interpretations: Prof. Jean Goguel(France); Geothermy and Radioactivity: Dr. Bullard (U.K.), Prof. J. T. Wilson(Canada); Elasticity and Plasticity: Prof. Harold Jeffreys (U.K.), Dr. Robert Stoneley(U.K.).

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5 GOVERNING BODIES: The Association is administered by a Bureau consisting of thePresident, the Vice-Presidents and the Secretary of the Association and by an ExecutiveCommittee nominated at the General Assembly which is convened at the time of theGeneral Assembly of the Union and at intermediate times as decided by the Bureau.OFFICERS (terms expire September 1954): President: Dr. Beno Gutenberg (U.S.A.);Vice-Presidents: Prof. Harold Jeffreys (U.K.), Prof. Pietro Caloi (Italy); Secretary-General: Prof. J .P. Rothe (France).

6 MEMBERS: The countries adhering to the IUGG are members of the Association:Argentina, Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, Chile, Colombia, Czechoslovakia,Denmark, Egypt, Finland, France, German Federal Republic, Greece, India, Indonesia,Ireland, Israel, Italy, Japan, Mexico, Morocco, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway,Pakistan, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria,Thailand, Tunisia, Turkey, Union of South Africa, United Kingdom, United States ofAmerica, Viet-Nam, Yugoslavia. Prospective additional members: Brazil, Uruguay.

8 FACILITIES: The International Association of Seismology and Physics of the Interiorof the Earth maintains the International Bureau of Seismology at Strasbourg, France,a collection centre for the publication of the Seismological Bulletin and other seismo-logical papers; this Bureau maintains a comprehensive library of seismological litera-ture. The Association also partially supports the International Seismological Summary,at Kew, an international permanent service for seismology.

9 FINANCES: Funds are provided by IUGG.

10 MEETINGS: Meetings are held in common with the Assembly of the IUGG.

12 PUBLICATIONS: (a) Publications du Bureau Central Seismologique International: Series A.iTravaux Scientifiques' (17 volumes between 1922 and 1950); Series B. 'Mono-graphies1 (seven volumes between 1924 and 1937). (b) Comptesrendus des Seances desConferences de ^Association (nine volumes), (c) Bulletin mensuel provisoire du BureauInternational de Seismologie (roneotype). International Seismological Summary, quar-terly since 1918.

13 RELATIONS WITH OTHER INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS: The Association is one ofthe component Associations of the IUGG, which is itself federated in ICSU.

14 SHORT HISTORY: The scientific study of earth movements began at the end of thenineteenth century, when the invention and later improvement of instruments forrecording earthquakes showed that the waves propagated from a seismic disturbanceencircled the earth in a few minutes. It was soon realized that progress could not bemade by isolated researches and that continuous international collaboration was indispens-able. An International Association of Seismology was founded at Strasbourg in 1901and the Central Bureau established there was charged with organizing internationalexchange of information about earthquakes and with arranging for publication ofcatalogues and memoirs. That Association was dissolved after World War I, and thepresent International Association of Seismology was founded at Rome in 1922 as oneof the component Associations of the IUGG. The Brussels Assembly, 1951, decided thatresearches concerning Physics of the Earth should be co-ordinated and examined bythe Association of Seismology and Physics of the Interior of the Earth.

Annex III

INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF METEOROLOGY(IAM)

[Association Internationale de Meteorologie (AIM)]

2 ADDRESS : Secretariat de l'AIM, c/o Institut Royal Meteorologique de Belgique, 3, avenueCirculaire, Uccle III, Brussels, Belgium. Telephone: 74.02.79; 74.67.87.

7]

3 NATURE: Semi-governmental.

4 AIMS : (a) To promote meteorological research and investigation, particularly in thosefields which require international co-operation by several countries; (b) to providea forum for the discussion of results and trends in modern meteorological research;(c) to provide for the discussion of those subjects of meteorological research andinvestigation which overlap the field of other sciences.

5 GOVERNING BODIES: Executive Committee; Bureau, consisting of the President, Vice-Presidents and Secretary, OFFICERS (terms expire September 1954): President: Prof.K.R. Ramanathan (India); Vice-Presidents: Prof. C.G. Rossby (Sweden), Prof. P.Queney (France); Secretary: Prof. J. Van Mieghem (Belgium); Members: Dr. W.Morikofer (Switzerland), Sir Charles Normand (U.K.), Prof. V. Vaisala (Finland).

6 MEMBERS: The countries adhering to the IUGG are members of the Association:Argentina, Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, Colombia, Czechoslovakia, Denmark,Egypt, Finland, France, German Federal Republic, Greece, India, Indonesia, Ireland,Israel, Italy, Japan, Mexico, Morocco, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Peru,Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Thailand, Tunisia,Turkey, Union of South Africa, United Kingdom, United States of America, Viet-Nam,Yugoslavia. Prospective additional members: Brazil, Uruguay.

7 COMMISSIONS: Commission on Radiation: President: Dr. W. Morikofer (Switzerland);Secretary: Dr. M. Nicolet (Belgium). Programme of activity for 1951-54: (a) Theoryand criticism of actinometric instruments; (b) development of a standard pyrheliometerin connexion with the study of the influence of the aperture conditions; both in colla-boration with the Sub-Commission on Actinometry of the WMO; (c) investigationson the methods for measuring ultraviolet radiation; (d) investigation of the lawsgoverning scattering and absorption of radiation in the atmosphere. Commission onOzone in the Atmosphere: President: Prof. G.M.B. Dobson (U.K.); Secretary: SirCharles Normand (U.K.). Programme of activity for 1951-54: The organization of anozone survey for Western Europe, while at the same time assisting the establishmentof ozone stations in other parts of the world, as opportunity presents itself.

The IAM also participates in the work of several Joint Commissions in which severalInternational Unions are represented: Joint Commission on the Relationship of Solarand Terrestrial Phenomena, Joint Commission on Radiometeorology, Joint Commissionon High Altitude Research Stations, Joint Commission on Natural Calamities.

9 FINANCES: Funds are provided by IUGG.

10 MEETINGS: Meetings are held in common with the Assembly of the IUGG, usuallyevery three years; and, in case of need, in the interval between ordinary sessions of theGeneral Assembly of the Union.

11 VOTING: During the General Assembly, in scientific matters each delegate presenthas one vote. For the election of the Executive Committee and in administrativematters, each country has one vote.

12 PUBLICATIONS: Proceedings of the General Assemblies in three volumes: I. Acts ofthe Association. II. Memoirs and Discussions. III. National Reports. Triennal Reportsof the Bureau.

13 RELATIONS WITH OTHER INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS : The IAM is one of the com-ponent Associations of the IUGG, which is itself federated in ICSU.

14 SHORT HISTORY: The IAM was created in Brussels in 1919 as one of the seven Inter-national Associations of the IUGG. The Association has subsidized research on ozonein the atmosphere, and has given radiosondes to the International Aerological Commis-sion of the IMO (now WMO) for the study of synoptic aerology (international month:April 1939). The Association has been actively interested in the work of the JointCommission on Raz de Marfie and has contributed to the support of the Bureau Inter-national de l'Heure.

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Annex IV

INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF TERRESTRIALMAGNETISM AND ELECTRICITY (IATME)

[Association Internationale de Magnetisme et Electricite Terrestres]

2 ADDRESS: c/o V. Laursen, Meteorologisk Institut, Charlottenlund, Denmark. Cableaddress: METOBS COPENHAGEN.

3 NATURE: Semi-governmental.

4 AIMS: The international co-ordination of effort in the furtherance of the sciences ofterrestrial magnetism and atmospheric electricity. The problems of these sciencesdepend for their solution on observational data covering the whole globe. It is thereforeessential that arrangements for recording such data should be made; that countriesor institutions should accept responsibility for the oceans and the sparsely populatedareas of the land and, in particular, that data should be obtained for the Arctic andAntarctic regions. It is also important that observations should be made and publishedaccording to a common plan and to the requisite degree of accuracy and that someinternational body should accept responsibility for collating certain of the data, formaintaining instrumental standards, for distributing information and for arrangingspecial kinds of investigation.

5 GOVERNING BODIES: OFFICERS (terms of office expire September 1954): President:Prof. J. Coulomb (France); Vice-Presidents: Prof. J. Bartels (Germany), Prof. S.Chapman (U.K.); Secretary: V. Laursen (Denmark).

6 MEMBERS: The countries adhering to the IUGG are members of the Association:Argentina, Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, Chile, Colombia, Czechoslovakia,Denmark, Egypt, Finland, France, German Federal Republic, Greece, India, Indonesia,Ireland, Israel, Italy, Japan, Mexico, Morocco, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway,Pakistan, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria,Thailand, Tunisia, Turkey, Union of South Africa, United Kingdom, United States ofAmerica, Viet-Nam, Yugoslavia. Prospective additional members: Brazil, Uruguay.

7 COMMISSIONS: The Association has the following Committees: Selection of Sites ofNew Observatories for Terrestrial Magnetism and Electricity; Aurora; Magnetic SecularVariation Stations; Magnetic Charts; Giant Pulsations; Observatory Publications;Observational Technique; Characterization of Magnetic Disturbances; Joint Commissionon Atmospheric Electricity (with the International Association of Meteorology); Obser-vations of Daily Magnetic Variations in Low Latitudes; Magnetic Airborne Surveys;Study of Lunar Variations in Meteorological, Magnetic and Electrical Elements; JointCommission on the Upper Atmosphere (with the International Association of Meteoro-logy); Thesaurus of Annual Observatory Values.

8 FACILITIES : The following permanent or quasi-permanent services are sponsored by theAssociation, which also contributes funds for their support: (a) International com-parison of magnetic standards; (b) Collection of data on the magnetic activity of eachday at observatories all over the world; analysis and publication of these data; (c) Stu-dies on the influence of the moon on geophysical phenomena; (d) Special magneticinvestigations in equatorial regions; (e) Preparation and maintenance of a list ofmagnetic observatories.

9 FINANCES: Funds are provided by IUGG.

10 MEETINGS: The IATME meets every three years at the same time as the GeneralAssembly of the IUGG.

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12 PUBLICATIONS: (a) At the conclusion of each Assembly the Association publishes aBulletin containing agenda and minutes of meetings, proposals and resolutions, nationalreports, special reports, communicated papers, etc.; (b) In a special bulletin values ofmagnetic activity indices are published currently.

13 RELATIONS WITH OTHER INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS: The Association is one of thecomponent Associations of the IUGG, which is itself federated in ICSU.

Annex V

INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATIONOF PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY (IAPO)

[Association Internationale d'Oceanographie Physique (AIOP)]

2 ADDRESS: c/o Prof. Dr. Hakon Mosby, Geofysisk Institutt, Bergen, Norway. Tele-phone: 14175.

3 NATURE: Semi-governmental.

4 AIMS: The Association aims at the advancement of the study of the oceans in themathematical, physical, and chemical aspects of such study. The design of instrumentsfor the measurement of oceanographical elements, the planning of expeditions, thetechniques of observation and the study and distribution of oceanographica] elementsare included in the topics considered by the Association.

5 GOVERNING BODIES: Executive Committee consisting of the President, two Vice-Presi-dents, Secretary, Deputy Secretary and four members; Bureau, consisting of thePresident and Secretary, OFFICERS: President: Prof. Dr. J. Proudman (U.K., 1954);Vice-Presidents: Dr. CO' D. Iselin (U.S.A., 1954), Capitaine J. Rouch (France, 1954);Secretary: Prof. Dr. Hakon Mosby (Norway, 1954); Deputy Secretary: Dr. R. H.Fleming (U.S.A., 1954); Members: Dr. J. N. Carruthers (U.K., 1954), Prof. Dr. H.Pettersson (Sweden, 1954), Prof. Dr. P. Groen (Netherlands, 1957), Prof. Dr. H. U.Sverdrup (Norway, 1957).

6 MEMBERS: The countries adhering to the IUGG are members of the Association:Argentina, Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, Chile, Colombia, Czechoslovakia,Denmark, Egypt, Finland, France, German Federal Republic, Greece, India, Indonesia,Ireland, Israel, Italy, Japan, Mexico, Morocco, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway,Pakistan, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria,Thailand, Tunisia, Turkey, Union of South Africa, United Kingdom, United Statesof America, Viet-Nam, Yugoslavia. Prospective additional members: Brazil, Uruguay.

7 COMMISSIONS: Committee on Tides: Chairman: H.A. Marmer. Committee on Mean SeaLevel: Chairman: J. D. Nares. Committee on Nomenclature: Chairman: J. D. H. Wiseman.Committee on Oceanographical Observations from Weather Ships: Chairman: J.R. Lumby.Committee on Technical Handbook: Chairman: H. U. Sverdrup. Committee on Biblio-graphy: Chairman: II. U. Sverdrup.

8 FACILITIES : The Association is responsible for the Standard Sea Water Service, Char-lottenlund Slot, Charlottenlund, Denmark. In charge: Helge Thomsen (Denmark).

9 FINANCES: Funds are provided by IUGG.

10 MEETINGS : The IAPO meets every three years at the same time as the General Assemblyof the IUGG.

11 VOTING: In questions of administration or finance voting is by countries; in scientificmatters, each delegate present has one vote.

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12 PUBLICATIONS: Scientific Publications: S. F. Grace: I. Historical Review of DynamicalExplanations of Tides in Non-elongated Enclosed Seas and Lakes. II. Historical Reviewof Dynamical Explanations of the Tides of the Mediterranean, the Baltic Sea, the Gulfof Mexico, and the Arctic Ocean, 1931. Tidal Bibliography (third instalment), 1932.Bibliography on Tides and Certain Kindred Matters (fourth instalment), 1936. Phil.E. Church: Temperatures of the Western North Atlantic from Thermograph Records, 1937.Monthly and Annual Mean Height of Sea-Level, up to and including the Year 1936, 1940.Bibliography on Tides and Certain Kindred Matters (fifth instalment), 1939. J. P. Jacob-sen and Martin Knudsen: Urnormal 1937 or Primary Standard Sea Water 1939, 1940.Report of the Committee on the Criteria and Nomenclature of the Major Divisions of theOcean Boliom, 1940. Chemical Methods and Units, Report from a Committee consistingof B. Helland-Hansen, F. P. Jacobsen and Thomas G.Thompson 1939, 1948. Monthlyand Annual Mean Heights of Sea-Level 1937-46, 1950. J. P. Jacobsen, Rex J. Robinsonand Thomas G. Thompson: A Review of the Determination of Dissolved Oxygen inSea Water by the Winkler Method, 1950. Proceedings: General Assemblies: Lisbon,September 1933; Edinburgh, September 1936; Washington, September 1939; Oslo,August 1948; Brussels, August 1951.

13 RELATIONS WITH OTHER INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS: The IAPO is One of thecomponent Associations of the IUGG, which is itself federated in ICSU.

14 SHORT HISTORY: Founded in 1919 as the Section of Oceanography of the IUGG, theAssociation became in 1930 the International Association of Physical Oceanography.

16 COMMENTS: The Association organized the International Gulf Stream Expedition of1938, in which seven ships from six countries took part. It has also given financialassistance to the following scientific undertakings: (a) the preparation of a supply ofprimary standard sea-water by Prof. M. Knudsen of Copenhagen; (b) the preparationof a new edition of the General Bathymetric Chart of the Oceans by the InternationalHydrographic Bureau of Monaco. The next General Assembly of Association will beheld at Rome in September 1954.

Annex VI

INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF VULCANOLOGY(IAV)

[Association Internationale de Volcanologie]

2 ADDRESS: C/O Prof. Francesco Signore, Via Tasso N. 199, Naples, Italy. Telephone:16723.

3 NATURE: Semi-governmental.

4 AIMS : (a) Promotion of research in all matters relating to volcanic activity, especiallyin regard to active volcanoes. As the study of vulcanology depends on many othersciences, in particular mineralogy, chemistry and physical chemistry, the Associationaims at co-ordinating researches in these sciences for the benefit of vulcanologists.(b) Collection of reports on volcanic activity, both subaerial and submarine, (c) Collec-tion of reports dealing with the progress of vulcanological research, (d) Distribution ofinformation collected by the Bureau to those interested in vulcanology.

5 GOVERNING BODIES: OFFICERS: President: Prof. B. G. Escher (Netherlands); Vice-Presidents: Prof. H. Williams (U.S.A.), Prof. L. Glangeaud (France), Prof. J. Verhoogen(Belgium and U.S.A.); Secretary: Prof. Francesco Signore (Italy).

6 MEMBERS: The countries adhering to the IUGG are members of the Association:Argentina, Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, Chile, Colombia, Czechoslovakia,

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Denmark, Egypt, Finland, France, German Federal Republic, Greece, India, Indonesia,Ireland, Israel, Italy, Japan, Mexico, Morocco, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway,Pakistan, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria,Thailand, Tunisia, Turkey, Union of South Africa, United Kingdom, United States ofAmerica, Viet-Nam, Yugoslavia. Prospective additional members: Brazil, Uruguay.

9 FINANCES: Funds are provided by IUGG.10 MEETINGS: The Association meets every three years at the same time as the General

Assembly of the IUGG.

12 PUBLICATIONS: The Association publishes at Naples the Bulletin Volcanologique atfrequents intervals. Since the inception of the Association, 12 volumes of the Bulletinhave been published in Series I, and Series II (begun in 1937) now comprises 13 volumes.The Bulletin includes addresses and reports presented at the Assemblies of the Asso-ciation and data from the naval ministries of adhering countries. The first Part of theCatalogue of Active Volcanoes of the World was published in 1951 and the second Partis in course of preparation.

13 RELATIONS WITH OTHEH INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS : The IAU is one of the com-ponent Associations of the IUGG, which is itself federated in ICSU.

14 SHORT HISTORY: The Association was founded as one of the component Associationsof the IUGG in 1919, during the Assembly of the International Research Council atBrussels. Naples was selected as the seat of the Central Bureau of the Association, withCatania and Hawaii as subsidiary centres.

Annex VIIINTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF HYDROLOGY

(IAH)[Association Internationale d'Hydrologie Scientifique]

2 ADDRESS: c/o Prof. L. J. Tison, 61, Rue des Ronces, Gentbrugge, Belgium. Telephone:54648.

3 NATURE: Semi-governmental.

4 AIMS : The objects of the Association are the promotion of the study of problems ofhydrology both on and below the earth's surface. The Association initiates and co-ordinates research and investigation, particularly in those aspects of the subjects whichrequire international co-operation. The Association arranges for discussion, comparison,and publication of the results of these investigations.

5 GOVERNING BODIES: Council, consisting of one delegate from each country; Bureau.OFFICERS (terms of office expire September 1954): President: Prof. J. Th. Thijsse(Netherlands); Vice-Presidents: Prof. G. de Marchi (Italy), Prof. Khosla (India);Secretary-General: Prof. L. J. Tison (Belgium).

6 MEMBERS: The countries adhering to the IUGG are members of the Association:Argentina, Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, Chile, Colombia, Czechoslovakia,Denmark, Egypt, Finland, France, German Federal Republic, Greece, India, Indonesia,Ireland, Israel, Italy, Japan, Mexico, Morocco, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway,Pakistan, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria,Thailand, Tunisia, Turkey, Union of South Africa, United Kingdom, United States ofAmerica, Viet-Nam, Yugoslavia. Prospective additional members: Brazil, Uruguay.

7 COMMISSIONS: There are three Commissions: Surface Waters: Chairman: R. Melin(Sweden); Snow and Glaciers: Chairman: G. Seligman (U.K.); Subterranean Waters:Chairman: A. N. Sayre (U.S.A.), and a Temporary Committee on Continental Erosion:

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Chairman: W.C. Lowdermilk (U.S.A.). In addition, the Brussels Assembly, 1951, in-structed the Bureau to form: (a) a Precipitation Committee; (b) a Committee onHydrologic Characteristics; (c) a Committee on Instruments; (d) a Committee for theStudy of Subterranean Waters between the surface of the ground and the water table.The Association also participates in the work of the Joint Commission on High AltitudeResearch Stations.

9 FINANCES : Subvention from IUGG and proceeds from the sale of publications. AnnualBudget: U.S.$4,500-$5,000.

10 MEETINGS: General Assemblies every three years. The Committee meets when ne-cessary.

11 VOTING: Vote by country on administrative matters, vote by individual memberspresent on scientific questions.

12 PUBLICATIONS : (a) Proceedings and Papers of the Assemblies, every three years. TheAssociation has published 35 volumes of Proceedings and Papers, of which the first24 volumes are out of print. The Proceedings of the Brussels Assembly, 1951, consistedof four volumes, totalling 1,400 pages, partly in English partly in French, (b) Inter-national Bibliography of Hydrology in the language of origin as well as in English orFrench. The Proceedings and Papers contain a great number of scientific papers (morethan 200 at the Brussels Assembly), dealing with special questions recommended forstudy by the Council of the Association.

13 RELATIONS WITH OTHER INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS : The I AH is one of the com-ponent Associations of the IUGG, which is itself federated in ICSU. It has no officialrelations with the UN, but is frequently consulted by them. It also participates in thework of the Advisory Committee on Arid Zone Research, established by Unesco.

14 SHORT HISTORY: Created in 1922.

16 COMMENTS: Next Assembly: Rome, 1954. Each Commission has suggested three orfour subjects to its members and requested them to write reports. In addition, thevarious Committees (Precipitation, Instruments, Hydrological Characteristics, Under-ground Waters) will assemble the reports of their members and present draft con-clusions.

INTERNATIONAL UNIONOF THE HISTORY OF SCIENCE (IUHS)

[UNION INTERNATIONALE D'HISTOIRE DES SCIENCES (UIHS)]

2 ADDRESS: 12, rue Colbert, Paris-2e, France. Telephone: RIChelieu 68-17.

3 NATURE: Non-governmental.

4 AIMS: To bring together historians of science throughout the world, for special collectiveworks, and for the better diffusion of this branch of study. To help establish sciencehistory museums and courses and lectures on the subject. To organize internationalcongresses and symposia on history of science, and publish periodicals and collectedworks in this field.

5 GOVERNING BODIES : The Union is governed by the General Assembly, composed of onedelegate of each adhering national group or international section, and of the Membersof the Council of the Union. The General Assembly elects a Council, consisting of thePresident, two Vice-Presidents, two Assessors, an Administrator-Treasurer, a Secre-tary-General and the outgoing President. The President and the Secretary-General ofthe Council compose the Bureau of the Union, OFFICERS (terms expire 1953): President:

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G. Sarton (U.S.A.); Vice-Presidents: Mrs. D. Waley-Singer (U.K.), R. J. Forbes(Netherlands); Assessors: J. Pelseneer (Belgium), R. Taton (France); Administrator-Treasurer: J. A. Vollgraff (Netherlands); Secretary-General: P. Sergescu (Rumania);Outgoing President: Ch. Singer (U.K.).

6 MEMBERS: Twenty-one national groups from the following countries: Argentina,Belgium, Brazil, Czechoslovakia, Egypt, France, Hungary, India, Israel, Italy, Japan,Luxembourg, Netherlands, Portugal, Rumania, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey,Uruguay, United States of America. Two International Sections: International Societyof the History of Medicine, World Union of Societies for History of Pharmacy. Indi-vidual Members: the Members of the International Academy of the History of Science.

7 COMMISSIONS: Social Relations of Science: Chairman: L. Rosenfeld (U.K.). TeachingHistory of Science: Chairman: A. Reymond (Switzerland). Bibliography: Chairman:Mrs. D. Waley-Singer (U.K.). Publications: P. Sergescu (Rumania). Middle East:Chairman: F. S. Bodenheimer (Israel).

8 FACILITIES : Bibliographic Card Index (50,000 cards), Library (1,000 volumes), documen-tation service.

9 FINANCES: Dues of the National Groups, subventions and donations. Budget: 1951:U.S.$7,800; 1952: U.S.$5,350.

10 MEETINGS: The General Assembly meets every three years, on the occasion of theInternational Congresses on the History of Science. The Council meets every year.

11 VOTING: For all questions each National Group and each International Section hasone vote. For strictly scientific questions, each effective member of the Academy, whois present at the Assembly, has also an individual vote.

12 PUBLICATIONS: International Archives of the History of Science, quarterly, 5 vols.;Series of pamphlets: Brochures de VUIHS, 5 published to date.

13 RELATIONS WITH OTHER INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS: The IUHS is federated inICSU. It has as a scientific division the International Academy of the History ofScience, while two international associations: the International Society of the Historyof Medicine and World Union of Societies for the History of Pharmacy adhere to it asscientific sections.

14 SHORT HISTORY: The Union was set up at Lausanne in October 1947, on the occasionof the Fifth International Congress on the History of Science. It has organized theSixth, Amsterdam 1950, and the Seventh, Jerusalem 1953, International Congresseson the History of Science.

15 BIBLIOGRAPHY: International Archives of the History of Science.

16 COMMENTS: The Seventh International Congress on the History of Science will be heldin Jerusalem, August 1953.

INTERNATIONAL UNIONOF PURE AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY (IUPAC)

[UNION INTERNATIONALE DE CHIMIE PURE ET APPLIQUEE (UICPA)]

2 ADDRESS: Secretariat: 4, avenue de l'Observatoire, Paris-6e, France. Telephone:DANton 85-10, poste 33.

3 NATURE: Semi-governmental.

4 AIMS : To organize permanent co-operation between Chemistry Associations in MemberCountries; to co-ordinate their scientific and technical resources; to promote progress

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in all branches of Chemistry, mainly by convening conferences, congresses and sym-posia.

5 GOVERNING BODIES : The Union's work is carried out through a Council of Sections andCommissions. The Council consists of delegates from each of the Member Countries,the number of delegates being fixed according to their category (see 9 below). TheBureau, elected by the Council of the Union, consists of a President, nine Vice-Presi-dents, six elected Members, a Secretary-General, a Treasurer and the two Past Presi-dents. The Executive Committee consists of the President, a Vice-President, one of thesix elected Members, the Secretary-General and the Treasurer, OFFICERS (1951-55):President: Prof. A. Tiselius (Sweden); Vice-Presidents: Prof. E. C. Dodds (U.K.), Prof.P. Jolibois (France), Prof. P. Karrer (Switzerland), Dr. L. H. Lampitt (U.K.), Prof.C. J. van Nieuwenburg (Netherlands), Dr. E.W. R. Steacie (Canada), Prof. R. Adams(U.S.A.), Prof. E. Berner (Norway), Prof. A. Stoll (Switzerland); Members: Dr. AncizarSordo (Colombia), Prof. G. Chaudron (France), Prof. H. W. Melville (U.K.), Prof.A. Nasini (Italy), Prof. K. Venkataraman(India), M.E.H. Volwiler (U.S.A.); Secretary-General: Prof. R. Delaby (France); Treasurer: Dr. L. H. Lampitt (U.K.); Past Presi-dents: Prof. M. T. Bogert (U.S.A.), Prof. H. R. Kruyt (Netherlands).

6 MEMBERS: Argentina, Australia, Austria, Belgium, Brazil, Canada, Chile, Colombia,Czechoslovakia, Denmark, Egypt, Finland, France, German Federal Republic, Hungary,India, Israel, Italy, Japan, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Spain, Sweden,Switzerland, Union of South Africa, Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, United King-dom, United States of America, Venezuela, Yugoslavia.

7 COMMISSIONS: A. Special Committees: (1) Tables of Constants: Chairman: Prof. E.Briner (Switzerland); (2) Beilstein andGmelin Handbooks: Chairman: Prof. A.R. Todd(U.K.). B. Physical Chemistry Section: Chairman: Dr. E. W. R. Steacie (Canada):(1) Physico-Chemical Symbols and Terminology: Chairman: Dr. H. J. T. Ellingham(U.K.); (2) Chemical Thermodynamics: Chairman: Prof. F. D. Rossini (U.S.A.); (3)Electro-Chemistry: Chairman: G. W. Vinal (U.S.A.); (4) Macromolecules: Chairman:Prof. H. Mark (U.S.A.); (5) Cinetics of Chemical Reactions; (6) Fundamental Constants;(7) Molecular Structure and Spectroscopy; (8) Physico-Chemical Data and Standards:Chairman: Prof. J. P. Wibaut (Netherlands); (9) Radioactivity: Chairman: Prof.F. A. Paneth (U.K.). Commissions (5), (6) and (7) are in formation. C. Inorganic Che-mistry Section: Chairman: Prof. P. Jolibois (France): (1) Atomic Weights: Chairman:Dr. E. Wichers (U.S.A.); (2) Inorganic Nomenclature: Chairman: H. Bassett (U.K.);(3) Pure Metals and their Protection: Chairman: Prof. G. Chaudron (France); (4) HighTemperatures and Refractories: Chairman: Prof. G. Ribaud (France); (5) GeochemicalLocalization of Elements: Chairman: Prof. P. Niggli (Switzerland). D. Organic ChemistrySection: Chairman: Prof. P. Karrer (Switzerland): (1) Organic Nomenclature: Chair-man: Prof. P. E. Verkade (Netherlands); (2) Codification of Organic Compounds:Chairman: Prof. P. E. Verkade (Netherlands). E. Bio-Chemistry Section: Chairman:Prof. E. C. Dodds (U.K.); (1) Bio-Chemistry Nomenclature: Chairman: Prof. J. M. Luck(U.S.A.); (2) Protein Standards: Chairman: Dr. J. L. Oncley (U.S.A.); (3) ClinicalChemistry: Chairman: Prof. E. J. King (U.K.); (4) Standardization of Assay of Enzymes(in formation). F. Analytical Chemistry Section: Chairman: Prof. C. J. Van Nieuwen-burg (Netherlands); (1) Analytical Reactions: Chairman: Prof. J. Gillis (Belgium);(2) Physico-Chemical Data of Analytical Interest: Chairman: Prof. I. M. Zolthoff(U.S.A.); (3) Microtechniques: Chairman: Prof. M. K. Zacherl (Austria); Terminologyand Expression of Analytical Results: Chairman: Prof. R. J. Forbes (Netherlands).G. Applied Chemistry Section: Chairman: Dr. L.H. Lampitt (U.K.): (1) Crop Protec-tion Products: Chairman: Prof. K.H. Osvald (Sweden); (2) Surface Coatings: Chairman:Dr. L. A. Jordan (U.K.); (3) Paper and Board: Chairman: Prof. O. Maass (Canada);(4) Plastics and High Polymers: Chairman: H. V. Potter (U.K.); (5) Water, Sewage,Industrial Wastes: Chairman: Dr. F. W. Mohlman (U.S.A.); (6) Oils andFats: Chairman:Dr. Foster D. Snell (U.S.A.); (7) Toxicology and Industrial Hygiene: Chairman: Prof.Dean R. Fabre (France); (8) Standardization of the Purity of Chemical Products:

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Chairman: J. Davidson Pratt (U.K.); (9) Standardization of Laboratory Equipment:Chairman: Prof. R. Dubrisay (France).

9 FINANCES: The annual subscription fixed for each country is proportionate to theamount of chemical research it carries out, as follows: Category A: France, GermanFederal Republic, Sweden, Switzerland, Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, UnitedKingdom, United States of America: minimum subscription: U.S.$675, six delegates;Category B: Agentina, Australia, Belgium, Brazil, Canada, Czechoslovakia, Denmark,Italy, Japan, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Spain, Union of South Africa: minimumannual subscription: U.S.$525, four delegates; Category C: other countries: minimumannual subscription: U.S.$375, two delegates.

10 MEETINGS: General Conference, in principle, every two years. International Con-gresses of Pure and Applied Chemistry are also organized under the auspices of theUnion and have been held every four years, but may be reduced to two in the future.

11 VOTING: Each country has one vote per delegate.

12 PUBLICATIONS: The Proceedings have been published at the close of each Conferenceand amounted at the end of 1951 to 2,492 quarto pages. Each volume gives the namesof the Union's officers (and sometimes of its Committees), lists of member organiza-tions, delegates, the minutes of meetings of the Council and the General Assemblyof each Conference and a number of reports of general interest. Mention should alsobe made of the reports which are too specialized or too lengthy for inclusion in theProceedings, some of which are on sale in book shops, for example: Tobies of Reagentsfor Mineral Analysis, in three languages, first report 409 pp., third report 1937-47,204 pp., Reagents to be Recommended, second report, 1945, 288 pp., fourth report, 1950,104 pp., and Unified Methods for the Analysis of Fatty Substances, three editions: 1936,1938 and 1948.

13 RELATIONS WITH OTHER INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS: The Union is federated

in ICSU.

14 SHORT HISTORY: The Union, founded in 1919, has more or less carried on the workof the International Association of Chemical Societies which before World War Iwas under the chairmanship of the famous organic chemist, Albin Haller, and wassubsidized by the generous philanthropist, Ernest Solvay; but under the new organi-zation, the various chemical groups in each country were to set up a national councilor form a federation. The national bodies then grouped to form a Confederation, whichwas at first inter-allied and then international after the admission of organizationsfrom neutral countries. The Confederation thus established assumed the title of Inter-national Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry, which in 1930 was abbreviated toInternational Union of Chemistry, but the full title was resumed at the FifteenthConference in 1949.

15 BIBLIOGRAPHY: Many periodicals in the Pure and Applied Chemistry field mentionactivities of the Union and its decisions, especially as regards the establishment ofinternational scientific usage (nomenclature, symbols, terminology, standards, etc.).

16 COMMENTS: The Sixteenth Conference was held in New York and Washington inSeptember 1951 at the same time as the Twelfth International Congress of Pure andApplied Chemistry. The Seventeenth Conference will be held in Stockholm, jointlywith the Thirteenth Congress which will specialize in Physical Chemistry and inChemistry of Wood and Paper, 29 July-4 August 1953. In 1952, the First InternationalCongress of Analytical Chemistry was held in Oxford, 4-9 September, under the auspicesof the Union. A Symposium of Macromolecular Chemistry was held in Strasbourg,8-12 June 1952.

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INTERNATIONAL UNIONOF PURE AND APPLIED PHYSICS (IUPAP)

[UNION INTERNATIONALE DE PHYSIQUE PURE ET APPLIQUEE (UIPPA)]

2 ADDRESS: 3, boulevard Pasteur, Paris-15e, France. Telephone: SEGur 28-26.

3 NATURE: Semi-governmental.

4 AIMS: TO create and encourage international co-operation in physics; to co-ordinatethe work of preparation and publication of abstracts of papers and of tables of physicalconstants; to bring about international agreement on matters of units, standards,nomenclature and notations; to support research in suitable directions.

5 GOVERNING BODIES: The government of the Union is in the charge of the GeneralAssembly, which is composed of the delegates from all adhering countries. The Genera/Assembly elects a Bureau composed of a President, Vice-Presidents, and a Secretary-General, to administer the affairs of the organization between meetings of the Assembly.OFFICERS: President: Prof. N.F. Mott(U.K.); Vice-Presidents: Prof. E. Amaldi (Italy),Prof. G. Borelius (Sweden), Prof. J. Heyrovsky (Czechoslovakia), Prof. P. Huber(Switzerland), Sir K. S. Krishnan (India), Prof. M. L. Oliphant (Australia), Prof.J. C. Slater (U.S.A.), Prof. J. A. Wheeler (U.S.A.); Secretary-General: Prof. P. Fleury(France).

6 MEMBERS : Each adhering country has a National Committee for liaison with the Union.The National Committee may be created on the initiative of the National Academyof Sciences, or of the National Research Council, or of other similar organizations,or of the Government, where such organizations do not exist. Argentina: AsociacionFisica Argentina, Cordoba; Australia: Australian Research Council, Sydney, N.S.W.;Belgium: Comite National, Ghent; Brazil: National Committee, Rio de Janeiro;Canada: National Research Council, Ottawa, Ontario; China: National PeipingAcademy, Peiping; Czechoslovakia: National Research Council, Prague; Denmark:National Committee, Copenhagen; Egypt: National Committee, Cairo; Finland:National Committee, Helsinki; France: Comite National, Paris; Hungary: MagyarTudomanyos Akademia, Budapest; India: National Committee, New Delhi; Israel:Research Council, Jerusalem; Italy: National Committee, Rome; Japan: NationalCommittee, Tokyo; Mexico: National Committee, Mexico; Netherlands: NationalCommittee, Amsterdam; Norway: National Committee, Oslo; Poland: National Com-mittee, Warsaw; Spain: National Committee, Madrid; Sweden: Svenska NationalKommitteen for Physik, Stockholm; Switzerland: Comite National, Lausanne; Unionof South Africa: South African Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Pretoria;United Kingdom: National Committee, London; United States of America: NationalCommittee, New York, N.Y.

7 COMMISSIONS: Symbols, Units and Nomenclature (SUN): Chairman: Prof. H. Konig(Switzerland). Thermodynamics and Statistical Mechanics: Chairman: Prof. J. Mayer(U.S.A.). Cosmic Rays: Chairman: Prof. P.M.S. Blackett (U.K.). Very Low Tempera-tures: Chairman: Prof. F.E. Simon (U.K.). Publications: Chairman: Dr. J .H. Awbery(U.K.). Acoustics: Chairman: Dr. R.D. Bolt (U.S.A.). Solid State: Chairman: Sir G. P.Thomson (U.K.). Optics: Chairman: Prof. A. C. S. van Heel (Netherlands).

9 FINANCES: The unit of subscription since 1948 is U.S.$40. Contributions are basedon a scale: countries with populations of less than 5 million pay one unit, cast onevote; 5 to 10 million, two units, two votes; 10 to 15 million, three units, three votes,15 to 20 million, five units, four votes; over 20 million, eight units, five votes.

10 MEETINGS: The General Assembly meets every three years. The Executive Committeehas met once every year since 1947.

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11 VOTING: Each country has a number of votes based on the scale shown above (see9 above).

12 PUBLICATIONS: Les Rayons Cosmiques, Hermann, Paris, 1936. Transmutations, Her-mann, Paris, 1936. L'etat solide de la Matiere, Hermann, Paris, 1936. Les NouvellesTheories de la Physique, The International Institute of Intellectual Co-operation,Paris, 1938. Les Determinations physico-chimiques des Poids Moleculaires et Atomiquesdes Gas, The International Institute of Intellectual Co-operation, Paris, 1938. Le Magne-tisme, 3 vols., The International Institute of Intellectual Co-operation, Paris, 1939.Since 1949 the Union has published with Unesco financial aid about 50 informationcirculars on the Union and its Commissions, as well as Reports on the following Sym-posia: Statistical Mechanics (Florence, May 1949), Nuclear Physics (Basle, September1949), Physics of Cosmic Rays (Como, Italy, September 1949), Ultra-acoustics (Rome,June 1950), Semi-conductors (Reading, July 1950), Spectroscopy at Radiofrequencies(Amsterdam, September 1950), Elementary Particles (Bombay, December 1950),Ultrasonics (Brussels, June 1951).

13 RELATIONS WITH OTHER INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS: The Union is federatedin ICSU.

14 SHORT HISTORY: The Constitutive Assembly of the Union was held in Paris, December1923. Its work, interrupted by World War II, was recommenced with the financialsupport of Unesco. General Assemblies were held in Paris in 1947, in Amsterdam,July 1948, and in Copenhagen, July 1951.

15 BIBLIOGRAPHY: L'Union Internationale de Physique Pure et Appliquee, September 1947.International Union of Pure and Applied Physics. Document SG 48-6, July 1948.International Union of Pure and Applied Physics, November 1951.

INTERNATIONAL UNION OF THEORETICALAND APPLIED MECHANICS (IUTAM)[UNION INTERNATIONALE DE MECANIQUE THEORIQUE ET APPLIQUEE]

2 ADDRESS: c/o Prof. F.H. van den Dungen, 41, avenue de l'Arbalete, Boisfort, Brussels,Belgium.

3 NATURE: Non-governmental.

4 AIMS: The objects of the Union are: to form a link between persons and national orinternational organizations engaged in scientific work (theoretical or experimental)in mechanics or related sciences; to co-operate with the International Committee forthe Congresses of Applied Mechanics when requested, and to organize other inter-national meetings for subjects falling within the field of theoretical and applied mechan-ics; to engage in other activities meant to promote development of mechanics, boththeoretical and applied, as a branch of science.

5 GOVERNING BODIES : The highest authority of the Union is its General Assembly, whichis composed of representatives of organizations adhering to the Union, memberselected by the General Assembly, and representatives of Committees of the Union(if so decided by the General Assembly). The General Assembly has power to decideall questions affecting the Union, including alterations to the statutes. The work of theUnion is carried on by the Bureau between meetings of the Assembly. The Bureauconsists of a President, a Vice-President, a Secretary and a Treasurer, all appointedby the General Assembly, and also four members elected by the General Assembly.OFFICERS: (1952-56): President: H. L. Dryden (U.S.A.); Vice-President: J. Peres(France); Secretary: F.H. van den Dungen (Belgium, until 31 October 1954); Treasurer:

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G. Temple (U.K.)? Members: J. M. Burgers (Netherlands), R. Grammel (Germany),F. K. G. Odqvist (Sweden,until 31 October 1954); Honorary President: Dr.Theodorevon Karman (U.S.A.).

6 MEMBERS: Adhering Organizations: International Committee for the Congresses ofApplied Mechanics; the Royal Society of London; the Hungarian Academy of Sciences;le Comite National FranQais de M6canique; the National Committee on Theoreticaland Applied Mechanics of the Czechoslovak National Council of Researches; the Nation-al Committee on Theoretical and Applied Mechanics of the Norwegian Academy ofScience and Letters; il Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche of Italy; le Comite Nationalde Mecanique Theorique et Appliquee de la Classe des Sciences de l'Academie Royalede Belgique; the U.S. National Committee on Theoretical and Applied Mechanics;the Academy of Technical Sciences of Denmark; the Swedish National Committee forMechanics; the Turkish Society for Pure and Applied Mathematics; the Ministry ofNatural Resources and Scientific Research of the Government of India; the SwissFederal Institute of Technology; die Gesellschaft fur angewandte Mathematik undMechanik of Germany; the Israel Society for Theoretical and Applied Mechanics;the Instituto Nacional de Tecnica aeronautica 'Esteban Terradas' of Spain; die Oster-reichische Akademie der Wissenschaften; the National Committee for Theoretical andApplied Mechanics of the Science Council of Japan; Comite de Liaison aves 1'IUTAMdu Conseil des Academies de la R.F.P. de Yougoslavie; the Netherlands Committeefor Theoretical and Applied Mechanics; the Finnish Committee on Mechanics. For theperiod 1952-56 there are, moreover, 16 personal members of the General Assembly.

7 COMMISSIONS: Committee to collect and compare data on. internal damping of materials:Chairman: Prof. F.H. van den Dungen (Belgium).

9 FINANCES: Subscriptions from member organizations; subvention from Unesco.

10 MEETINGS: Meetings of the General Assembly are called at intervals by the Bureauor at the request of at least 10 members. The Bureau meets at least once a year.

11 VOTING: Every member of the Assembly has one vote. Organizations adhering to theUnion are graded in five categories which decide the number of representatives (andvotes) of each and the number of units of subscription it must pay.

12 PUBLICATIONS: IUTAM Report September 1948; Report 1949; Report 1950; Report1951; Report 1952. Committee Reports: Research Progress in U.S. on the Damping ofVibrations, 31 March 1951; Die Forschung im Gebiet der Schwingungsddmpfung festerKorper im deutschen Sprachgebiet, 1938-50. Publications on Symposia, etc.: Problemsof Cosmical Aerodynamics, Paris Symposium 1949, Central Air Documents Office,Dayton, Ohio, U.S.A.; Colloque International de M6canique, Pallanza 1950, La RicercaScientifica 20, pp. 1917-42,1950; Colloquium on Plastic Flow and Deformation within theEarth, Herschey, Pa., U.S.A., 1950, Trans. Amer. Geoph. Union 32, pp. 497-543, 1951.

13 RELATIONS WITH OTHER INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS: The Union is federated

In ICSU.

14 SHORT HISTORY: Founded in Paris, September 1946; admitted to ICSU, 1947. GeneralAssemblies: London, 5-9 September 1948; Pallanza, Italy, 26 and 27 June 1950;Istambul, 20-28 August 1952, on the occasion of the Eighth International Congresson Theoretical and Applied Mechanics. Symposia, etc.: Motion of Gaseous Massesof Cosmical Dimensions (together with IAU) Paris, 16-19 August 1949; Colloque inter-national de Mecanique, Pallanza, Lago Maggiore, Italy, 23-24 June 1950; Colloquiumon Plastic Flow and Deformation with the Earth (with IUGG), Hershey, Pa., U.S.A.,12-14 September 1950; Colloque sur les Vibrations Non-Lineaires (with URSI),Ile dePorquerolles, Var, France, 18-21 September 1951; Colloque de Mecanique organized bythe Comite National Beige de Mecanique to mark the centenary of the birth of JuniusMassau, Mons-Ghent, Belgium, 26-27 April 1952. The Sixth International Congresson Theoretical and Applied Mechanics was held in Paris, September 1946; the Seventhin London, September 1948; the Eighth at Istambul, 20-28 August 1952.

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ISO STATIC INSTITUTE (II)[INSTITUT ISOSTATIQUE]

2 ADDRESS: Messeniuksenkatu 10 A, Helsinki, Finland; also: Aurorankatu 7, Helsinki,Finland.

3 NATURE: Semi-governmental.

4 AIMS: To carry out scientific studies concerning the reduction of gravity anomaliesand isostasy, in particular the figure and isostatic structure of the earth.

5 GOVERNING BODIES: The International Association of Geodesy and Finnish Board ofEducation, OFFICERS (all of Finnish nationality): Director of the Institute: Dr. W.A.Heiskanen; Assistant Director: Dr. Erkhi Niskanen; Assistants: I. S. Harmala, LassiKivioja.

9 FINANCES: Grants from the Finnish Board of Education, the Finnish Academy ofSciences, and the International Association of Geodesy, one of the constituent Asso-ciations of the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics. Annual budget aboutU.S.$5,000.

12 PUBLICATIONS: The results of the various investigations undertaken by the Institutehave been published in the series (Publications of the Isostatic Institute of the Inter-national Association of Geodesy), reprinted from the Annales Academiae ScientiarumFennicae, Series A, III. Geologica-Geographica, 27 numbers by September 1952.

13 RELATIONS WITH OTHER INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS: Through the InternationalAssociation of Geodesy with the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysicsand ICSU.

14 SHORT HISTORY : The Isostatic Institute was established by the International Associationof Geodesy at its Assembly at Edinburgh in 1936.

15 BIBLIOGRAPHY: The publications of the Isostatic Institute have been referred to inmany geodetic and geophysical periodicals in the Americas, Germany, Italy, Spainand Argentina as well as annually in the Bulletin Geodesique.

OCEANOGRAPHIC INSTITUTE[INSTITUT OC&VNOGRAPHIQUE (iO)]

2 ADDRESS: 195, rue Saint-Jacques, Paris-5e, France. Telephone: ODEon 16-07.

3 NATURE: Non-governmental.

4 AIMS : The object of the Oceanographic Institute is to study and teach the science ofOceanography (marine geography, geology, hydrology, biology, etc.).

5 GOVERNING BODIES: Administrative Council consisting exclusively of six Frenchmembers, OFFICERS: Chairman: Pierre Caillaux; First Vice-Chairman: AdmiralDurand-Viel; Second Vice-Chairman: Prof. Louis Fage; Secretary-Treasurer: GeorgesSmagghe; Members: Prof. Jean Cabannes, Gerard Vernes. Technical and ScientificCommittee consisting of 30 members chosen, irrespective of nationality, from amongscientists throughout the world who seem best qualified in the various branches ofOceanography. However, at least one-third of the Committee's members must be French.The following countries are at present represented on the Committee: Canada, Den-

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mark, France, Italy, Monaco, Norway, Sweden, United Kingdom, United States ofAmerica. Chairman: Due M. de Broglie (France); Vice-Chairman: Prof. Jean Cabannes(France); Secretary: Prof. Paul Portier (France); Director of the Museum: CommandantJ. Rouch (France); Secretary-General of the Institute: Robert Richet (France).

8 FACILITIES: Laboratories, libraries and an aquarium.

9 FINANCES: The Oceanographic Institute, which was first endowed in 1906 with4,000,000 Fr.fr. by Prince Albert I of Monaco and with a further 4,000,000 Fr.fr.again in 1919, has, since its establishment, organized study courses and lectures freeof charge. Apart from the endowment, the educational establishment in Paris and theMonaco Museum have no other revenue than the entrance fees paid by visitors tothe Museum.

12 PUBLICATIONS: LesAnnales deVInstitutOceanographique, Paris; Le Bulletin de VInstitutOceanographique, Monaco; Les Resultats des Campagnes Scientifiques de S.A.S. lePrince Albert I" de Monaco, Monaco.

14 SHORT HISTORY: The Oceanographic Institute was founded in 1906 by H.S.H. PrinceAlbert I of Monaco. Attached to its headquarters in Paris is the Monaco OceanographicMuseum, in which collections from the scientific expeditions of Prince Albert I ofMonaco are exhibited and the marine laboratories are situated.

PERMANENT COMMITTEE OF THEINTERNATIONAL CONGRESS OF ENTOMOLOGY

[COMITfi PERMANENT DU CONGRfeS INTERNATIONAL D'ENTOMOLOGIE]

2 ADDRESS: C/O N. D. Riley, Secretary, British Museum (Natural History), CromwellRoad, London, S.W.7, U.K. Telephone: KENsington 6323.

3 NATURE: Non-governmental.

4 AIMS: To act as a permanent link between the Congresses and to arrange the datesand places at which these shall meet. The Congresses are organized by special localcommittees.

5 GOVERNING BODIES : The actions of the Committee are subject to the approval of theCongress, from whom it derives its authority. All members (including the Chairmanand the Secretary) serve for three Congresses; one-third retire in rotation, and areavailable for re-election. Elections are made by the Congress or, between Congresses,by the Committee itself. Members are limited to 18 in number, OFFICERS: Chairman:Dr. R. Jeannel (France, 1938-55); Secretary: N.D. Riley (U.K., 1938-55); OtherMembers: Dr. H.E. Karl Jordan, F.R.S. (U.K., Hon. Life Member), Dr. Martin Hering(Germany, 1938-55), Prof. J. Chester Bradley (U.S.A., 1938-55), Dr. D.J. Kuenen(Netherlands, 1948-59), Dr. A. da Costa Lima (Brazil, 1948-59), H.G. Crawford(Canada, 1948-59), Dr. E. Handschin (Switzerland, 1948-59), Dr. Hem-SinghPruthi (India, 1948-59), A. Wood Hill (Australia, 1948-59), Dr. J. Ghesquiere(Belgium, 1948-59), Dr. R.L. Winger (U.S.A., 1951-64), Dr. T. J. Naudi (Unionof South Africa, 1951-64), Dr. S. L. Tuxen (Denmark, 1951-64). Four vacancies.

9 FINANCES: The Committee holds a small capital sum of about £270. It derives asmall income from sales of the Proceedings of Congresses.

10 MEETINGS: Congresses are held every four or five years.

11 VOTING: Individual voting.

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13 RELATIONS WITH OTHER INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS: The Permanent Committeeof the International Congress of Entomology is also the Entomological Section of theInternational Union of Biological, Sciences which is itself federated in ICSU.

14 SHORT HISTORY: The Committee was set up, in a slightly different form, by the BrusselsCongress in 1910.

16 COMMENTS: Next Congress due to be held in 1955, probably in Brazil.

PERMANENT COMMITTEE OF THEINTERNATIONAL PHYSIOLOGICAL CONGRESSES

[COMITE PERMANENT DES CONGRES PHYSIOLOGIQUES INTERNATIONAUX]

2 ADDRESS: c/o Prof. Maurice B. Visscher, Department of Physiology, University ofMinnesota, Minneapolis, U.S.A.

3 NATURE: Non-governmental.

4 AIMS: The organization of International Congresses in the field of Physiology. ThePermanent Committee of the International Physiological Congresses is arranging, withthe consent of the Eighteenth Congress held in Copenhagen in 1950, to complete theorganization in 1953 of an International Union of Physiological Sciences.

5 GOVERNING BODIES: The Governing Body of the International Union will be theGeneral Assembly composed of not more than five delegates from each adhering organi-zation. The General Assembly elects a Council of not more than 15 members for six-yearterms, OFFICERS of the Permanent Committee (terms expire on formation of the Unionin 1953): Chairman: Prof. E. D. Adrian (U.K.); Secretary: Prof. Maurice B. Visscher(U.S.A.); Members: Prof. B. A. Houssay (Argentina), Prof. Yas Kuno (Japan), Prof.L. A. Orbeli (U.S.S.R.), Prof. Paul Hoffman (Germany), Prof. R. K. S. Lim (China),Prof. G. Schaeffer (France), Prof. E. Lundsgaard (Denmark), Prof. A. von Muralt( Switzerland).

6 MEMBERS: Membership in the International Union will be limited to adhering organi-zations which shall be national or regional organizations concerned with scientificstudies in the realm of physiology.

9 FINANCES: Members subscriptions based on numerical representation.

12 PUBLICATIONS: Abstracts of communications presented at the Congresses are publishedat the time of the Congress.

13 RELATIONS WITH OTHER INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS: The International Union ofPhysiological Sciences has been provisionally accepted for adherence to ICSU andCIOMS.

16 COMMENTS: The Nineteenth International Physiological Congress will be held inMontreal, from 31 August to 4 September 1953: President: Prof. Charles H. Best;Chairman: Prof. F.C. Macintosh; Secretary: Prof. A. S.V. Burgen; Treasurer: Prof.O.F. Denstedt. Correspondence may be addressed to: Miss Margaret W. MacCallum,McGill University, Montreal, Canada.

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PERMANENT COMMITTEE OF INTERNATIONALZOOLOGICAL CONGRESSES

[COMITE PERMANENT DES CONGRES 1NTERNATI0NAUX DE ZOOLOCIE (CPCIZ)]

2 ADDRESS: Secretariat: 195, rue Saint-Jacques, Paris-5e, France.

3 NATURE: Non-governmental.

4 AIMS : To study the problems of general zoology and to bring together zoologists fromall countries of the world.

5 GOVERNING BODIES: Permanent Committee: Chairman: Prof. M. Caullery (France);Secretary: Prof. L. Fage (France); Members: Prof. F. Baltzer (Switzerland), Prof.H. Boschma (Netherlands), Prof. A. Ghigi (Italy), Dr. E. Hindle (U.K.), Prof. S.Horstadius (Sweden), Prof. R. Jorge (Portugal), Prof. A. Ktihn (Germany), Prof.E.N. Pawlovsky (U.S.S.R.), Prof. R. Sparck (Denmark), G.C. Simpson (U.S.A.),Dr. V. van Straelen (Belgium), E. Witschi (U.S.A.).

9 FINANCES : The administrative expenses of the Permanent Committee are covered bygrants from the International Union of Biological Sciences.

10 MEETINGS: A Congress every five years.

12 PUBLICATIONS: Proceedings of Congresses.

13 RELATIONS WITH OTHER INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS: The Permanent Committeeis affiliated to the Zoology Section of the International Union of Biological Sciences,which is itself federated in ICSU.

14 SHORT HISTORY: Established in 1889.

16 COMMENTS: The Fourteenth International Congress of Zoology will be held in Copen-hagen, 5-12 August 1953.

PERMANENT INTERNATIONAL COMMITTEEFOR GENETICS CONGRESSES (PICGenC)

[COMITE PERMANENT DES CONGRES INTERNATIONAUX DE GENETIQUE]

2 ADDRESS: C/O Prof. G. Bonnier, Stockholms Hogskola, Stockholm, Sweden. See also16 below.

3 NATURE: Non-governmental.

4 AIMS: Organization of periodical international Genetics Congresses.

5 GOVERNING BODIES: Permanent International Committee, elected at the Eighth Inter-national Congress of Genetics held at Stockholm, Sweden, in 1948. President: Dr. G.Bonnier (Sweden), representing Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden; other Mem-bers: Dr. M. Demerec (U.S.A.), representing the United States of America; Dr. A.Dreyfus (Brazil), representing Brazil; Dr. B. Ephrussi (France), representing France;Dr. M.A. Fikry (Egypt), representing Egypt; Dr. E. B. Ford (U.K.), representingthe British Commonwealth and the United Kingdom; Dr. E. Hadorn (Switzerland),representing Austria and Switzerland; Dr. H. Kihara (Japan), representing Japan;Dr. G. Montalenti (Italy), representing Italy; Dr. M. J. Sirks (Netherlands), represent-ing Belgium and Netherlands; Dr. H. Stubbe (Germany), representing Germany;Dr. C. C. Tan (China), representing China; Dr. A. de Zulueta (Spain), representing Spain.

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9 FINANCES: Administrative expenses are covered by an annual grant from the Inter-national Union of Biological Sciences.

12 PUBLICATIONS: Proceedings of the Congress, published after each meeting.

13 RELATIONS WITH OTHER INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS : The Committee is the GeneticsSection of the International Union of Biological Sciences, which is itself federatedin ICSU.

14 SHORT HISTORY: The Eighth International Congress of Genetics was held from 7 to14 July 1948 at Stockholm. President: Prof. Hermann J. Muller (U.S.A.); Secretary:Prof. G. Bonnier (Sweden).

16 COMMENTS: The International Congresses of Genetics are held normally at regularfive-year intervals. The Committee has neither a constitution nor by-laws, and func-tions between sessions with the purpose in mind that the decisions of the Congressregarding the following session shall be carried out. The organization of the Congress isleft to the Organizing Committee, composed of geneticists of the country where thenext meeting is to be held. The next meeting will be held in Bellagio, Italy, in August1953. Secretary: Prof. G. Barigozzi, Istituto di Genetica dell'Universita, via Celoria 10,Milano, Italy.

SOCIETY FOR CELL BIOLOGY (SCB)[SOCIETfi DE CYTOLOGIE EXPERIMENTALE]

2 ADDRESS: C/O Prof. J. F. Danielli, King's College, London, W.C.2, U.K.

3 NATURE: Non-governmental.

4 AIMS : To promote international co-operation in the special field of experimental cytologyand allied fields; to organize periodically International Congresses for experimentalcytology and histology; the publication of descriptive, experimental and technicalstudies pertaining to cell biology.

5 GOVERNING BODIES : The ultimate governing body is the General Meeting of the Society.Between Congresses the governing body is the Council, OFFICERS: President: Prof.E.Newton Harvey (U.S.A., 1950-54); Post-President: Prof. J. Runnstrom (Sweden,1950-54); Vice-Presidents: Prof. E. Faure-Fremiet (France, 1947-54), Dr. HonorB. Fell (U.K., 1950-54), Prof. G.C. Heringa (Netherlands, 1950-54); Secretary-Treasurer: Prof. J. F. Danielli (U.K., 1947-54).

6 MEMBERS : Limited to approximately 300 individuals, elected by the General Meetingof the Society.

7 COMMISSIONS: Cytochemistry Commission: Members: T. Caspersson (Sweden), G.Gomori (U.S.A.), A. E. Mirsky (U.S.A.), J. T. Randall (U.K.), H. Holter (Denmark),M. H. F. Wilkins (U.K.); Secretary: J. F. Danielli (U.K.).

10 MEETINGS: General Meeting every three or four years. Other meetings at irregularintervals.

11 VOTING: By individuals only.12 PUBLICATIONS: Experimental Cell Research, bi-monthly (English). International Review

of Cytology, annually (English).

13 RELATIONS WITH OTHER INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS: The Society is the Sectionof Cell Biology of the International Union of Biological Sciences, which is itself feder-ated in ICSU.

14 SHORT HISTORY: The SCB was organized at the Sixth International Congress of Experi-mental Cytology, held in Stockholm, July 1947.

16 COMMENTS: Next Congress 2-9 September 1954, at Leyden, Netherlands.

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WORLD METEOROLOGICAL ORGANIZATION (WMO)[ORGANISATION ME.TE.OROLOGIQUE MONDIALE (OMM)]

2 ADDRESS: Campagne Rigot, 1, avenue de la Paix, Geneva, Switzerland. Telephone:35140. Cable address: METEOMOND GENEVA.

3 NATURE: Intergovernmental.

4 AIMS : To facilitate world-wide co-operation in the establishment of networks of stationsfor the making of meteorological observations or other geophysical observations relatedto meteorology and to promote the establishment and maintenance of meteorologicalcentres charged with the provision of meteorological services; promote the establishmentand maintenance of systems for the exchange of weather information; promote standard-ization of meteorological observations and to ensure the uniform publication of obser-vations and statistics; further the application of meteorology to aviation, shipping,agriculture, and other human activities; and encourage research and training in meteo-rology and to assist in co-ordinating the international aspects of such research andtraining.

5 GOVERNING BODD3S: (a) The supreme body of the Organization is the World Meteoro-logical Congress. It is convened at least once every four years, (b) The Executive Com-mittee is composed of 15 members including the three Officers of the Organization, thePresidents of the six Regional Associations and six Directors of meteorological servicesof Member States or Territories who are elected by the Congress. This body meetsannually and supervises the execution of the congressional resolutions, administers thefinances of the Organization and prepares the agenda for the next session of the Con-gress. Its members are: Dr. F. W. Reichelderfer (U.S.A.), A. Viaut (France), N.P.Sellick (British Central African Territories), D.A. Davies (British East African Ter-ritories), Dr. V.V. Sohoni (India), F.X.R. de Souza (Brazil), Dr. A. Thomson (Canada),Dr. M.A.F. Barnett (New Zealand), Dr. J. Lugeon (Switzerland), L. de Azcarraga(Spain), Dr. M. Aslam (Pakistan), A.A. Solotoukhine (U.S.S.R.), Sir Nelson Johnson(U.K.), Dr. Th. Hesselberg (Norway), Dr. H.A. Ferreira (Portugal), (c) The RegionalAssociations: The Congress established six Regional Associations to continue the workperformed by the former six Regional Commissions of the International MeteorologicalOrganization. These new Regional Associations are composed of Member States andTerritories of the Organization the networks of which lie in or extend into one of the sixmeteorological regions of the world. The Regional Associations meet as often as neces-sary to ensure the compliance by the Organization with resolutions of the Congress andthe Executive Committee, and to co-ordinate meteorological and associated activitiesin their respective regions. The six meteorological regions of the world and theirofficers are: (1) Africa: President: D.A. Davies (British East African Territories andIndian Ocean Islands; Vice-President: Hassan Fahmy (Egypt). (2) Asia: President:Dr. V.V. Sohoni (India); Vice-President: A.A. Solotoukhine (U.S.S.R.). (3) SouthAmerica: President: F.X.R. de Souza (Brasil); Vice-President: C.N. Monasterio(Argentina). (4) North and Central America: President: Dr. A. Thomson (Canada);Vice-President: F. Pena Aguirre (Mexico); South West Pacific: President: Dr. M.A.F.Barnett (New Zealand); Vice-President: Dr. C. del Rosario (Philippines). (6) Europe:President: Dr. J. Lugeon (Switzerland); Vice-President: Dr. J. Lambor (Poland),(d) The Technical Commissions: See 7 below, (e) The Secretariat consists of two divi-sions, one administrative and the other technical. The Secretariat is headed by theSecretary-General who is assisted by the Deputy Secretary-General, OFFICERS: Secre-tary-General: Dr. G. Swoboda (Switzerland); Deputy Secretary-General: J.R. Rivet(France); Chief Technical Division: K. Langlo (Norway); Chief Administrative Divi-sion: vacant.

6 MEMBERS: Argentina, Australia, Belgian Congo, Belgium, Bermuda, Brazil, BritishCentral African Territories, British East African Territories and Indian Ocean Islands,

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British MalayajBorneo Territories, British West African Territories, Bulgaria, Burma(Union of) Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic, Cambodia, Canada, Ceylon, China,Cuba, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, Finland, France,French Cameroons, French Equatorial Africa, French Oceania, French Somaliland,French Togoland, French West Africa, Greece, Guatemala, Haiti, Hong Kong, Hungary,Iceland, India, Indonesia, Iraq, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Laos, Lebanon, Luxembourg,Madagascar, Mexico, Morocco, Netherlands, Netherlands Antilles, Netherlands NewGuinea, New Caledonia, New Zealand, Norway, Pakistan, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines,Poland, Portugal, Portuguese East Africa, Portuguese West Africa, Rumania, Spain,Surinam, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Thailand, Tunisia, Turkey, Ukrainian SovietSocialist Republic, Union of South Africa, United Kingdom, United States of America,Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, Uruguay, Venezuela, Viet-Nam, Yugoslavia.

7 COMMISSIONS : Eight Technical Commissions were established by the Congress and arecomposed of technical experts from the various fields of activity of the Organization.These working bodies keep abreast of and promote development in both the scientificand practical realms, and standardize procedures and techniques in the application ofmeteorology to the various fields of human activity. They also collaborate with andadvise other international organizations on meteorological questions of mutual interest,through the WMO Secretariat, and maintain close contact with each other. The Tech-nical Commissions make recommendations to the Congress and the Executive Committeeconcerning their own meteorological procedures and draft provisional technical regu-lations on these procedures. When considered desirable by a Commission, additionalexperts in the field are invited to participate in its work as associated members. TheTechnical Commissions and their officers are: Aerology: President: Dr. J. Van Mieghem(Belgium). Aeronautical Meteorology: President: A. H. Nagle (U.S.A.). AgriculturalMeteorology: President: J. J. Burgos (Argentina). Bibliography and Publications:President: Dr. M. Mezin (France). Climatology: President: Dr. C.W. Thornthwaite(U.S.A.); Vice-President: Dr. S. Basu (India). Instruments and Methods of Observation:President: Dr. J. Patterson (Canada). Maritime Meteorology: President: Cmdr. C.E.N.Frankcom (U.K.). Synoptic Meteorology: President: Dr. W. Bleeker (Netherlands).

8 FACILITIES: Library.

9 FINANCES: Contributions from adhering countries; income from sale of technicalpublications. The budget for 1951 was U.S. $190,000; 1952, $272,379; and 1953,$359,881.

10 MEETINGS: World Meteorological Congress convened at least once every four years;Executive Committee meets annually; the Regional Associations meet as often asnecessary; the Technical Commissions at least once every four years.

11 VOTING: World Meteorological Congress, Regional Associations, Technical Commissions:vote by countries; Executive Committee: vote by individuals.

12 PUBLICATIONS: No. 1. WMO Congress: Resolutions of the First Session (English, French,Russian, Spanish). No. 3. Executive Committee: Resolutions of the First Session (English,French, Russian, Spanish). No. 4. Executive Committee: Resolutions of the SecondSession (English, French, Russian, Spanish). No. 6. Executive Committee: Resolutionsof the Third Session (English, French). Manuals: No. 2. Offices Meteorologiques duMonde, former IMO Publication No. 2, being completed by the WMO (French), 1948.No. 5. List of Members (English/French), 1952. No. 8. Guide to International Meteoro-logical Instrument and Observing Practice, former IMO Publication No. 78, being com-pleted by the WMO (English, French), 1950. No. 9. Synoptic Weather Messages,former IMO Publication No. 9, being completed by the WMO. Fascicule I: Meteoro-logical Codes (English, French), 1949. Fascicule II. Index Numbers of MeteorologicalStations (English,French), 1949. Fascicule III. Meteorological Transmissions (English,French), 1949. Fascicule IV. Weather Messages for Shipping. Parts A. and B. (English),1950. Technical Regulations: No. 7. Technical Regulations No. VII j I: Specifications

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for Meteorological Services for International Air Navigation (English, French, Russian,Spanish), 1951. Abridged Reports: No. 10.RP.2. Abridged Final Report of the FirstSession of the Commission for Maritime Meteorology, London, 14-29 July 1952 (English,French), 1953.

13 RELATIONS WITH OTHER INTERNATIONAL OBGANIZATIONS: The "World MeteorologicalOrganization is a specialized agency of the United Nations.

14 SHORT HISTORY: The WMO has inherited nearly eight decades of experience which itspredecessor, the International Meteorological Organization, had gleaned in the field ofinternational co-operation in meteorology and its application to the activities of man-kind. The International Meteorological Organization was created in 1878 in Utrecht.Conferences of Directors have been held in: Leipzig 1872, Vienna 1873, Rome 1879,Munich 1891, Paris 1896, Innsbruck 1905, Paris 1919, Utrecht 1923, Copenhagen 1929,Warsaw 1935, London 1946, Washington 1947. The International MeteorologicalCommittee has met in: Vienna 1873, Utrecht 1874, London 1876, Utrecht 1878, Rome1879, Bern 1880, Copenhagen 1882, Paris 1885, Zurich 1888, Uppsala 1894, St. Peters-burg 1899, Paris 1900, Southport 1903, Innsbruck 1905, Paris 1907, Berlin 1910, Rome1913, London 1919, Paris 1919, London 1921, Utrecht 1923, Vienna 1926, Copenhagen1929, Locarno 1931, De Bill 1933, Warsaw 1935, Salzburg 1937, Berlin 1939, London1946, Paris 1946, Washington 1947. The Conference of Directors which met in Washing-ton D.C., U.S.A., from 22 September to 11 October 1947, established a World Meteoro-logical Convention, which provides for the transformation of the International Meteoro-logical Organization into a World Meteorological Organization (WMO), inter-govern-mental in character, after the deposit with the Government of the United States ofAmerica of the thirtieth instrument of ratification of or accession to the Convention.The Convention of the WMO came into force on 23 March 1950, 30 days after thethirtieth instrument of ratification or accession had been deposited with the U.S.Government. One year later final arrangements were made for the transfer of thefunctions, activities, assets and obligations of the IMO to the WMO at the last Con-ference of the Directors of the IMO which opened on 15 March 1951 in Paris, and theFirst Congress of the WMO beginning on 19 March 1951 also in Paris.

Executive Committee Meetings have been held in Paris, 30 April-1 May 1951; Lau-sanne 3-20 October 1951; and Geneva 9-27 September 1952.

15 BIBLIOGRAPHY: Yearbook of the United Nations, 1951, pp. 951-60. The SpecializedAgencies of the United Nations, Dept. of Public Information, New York, April 1952,pp. 14-15. Everyman's United Nations, 1952, pp. 356-8. Yearbook of InternationalOrganizations, 1951-52, pp. 110-12.

16 COMMENTS: Meetings of the Executive Committee, Regional Associations and Tech-nical Commissions in 1953: Executive Committee IV: 6-27 October 1953, Geneva;RA I First Session: 19 January 1953, Tananarive, Madagascar; RA III First Session:end July 1953, Rio de Janeiro; RA IV First Session: 3 August 1953, Toronto; CIMOand CAe First Session: 10 August 1953, Toronto; CAgM and CBP First Session:November 1953, Paris; CCL First Session: 12^30 March 1953, Washington, D.C.;CSM First Session: 2-29 April 1953, Washington, D.C.

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THE ZOOLOGICAL STATION OF NAPLES (ZSN)[STATION ZOOLOGIQUE DE NAPLES]

STAZIONE ZOOLOGTCA DI NAPOLI

2 ADDRESS: Naples, Italy.

3 NATURE: Non-governmental.

4 AIMS : To carry on research on a wide variety of biological problems.

5 GOVERNING BODIES: The Administrative Council is composed of 7 members under thechairmanship of the Mayor of Naples. A representative of the International Union ofBiological Sciences sits on the Council. Director: Dr. Reinhard Dohra (Italy).

6 MEMBERS: The following countries have 'tables' for research at the Station: Austria,Belgium, Germany, Italy, Netherlands, Sweden, Switzerland, United Kingdom, UnitedStates of America. Countries affiliated in the past: Bulgaria, France, Hungary, Japan,Poland, Rumania, Spain, Union of Soviet Socialist Republics.

8 FACILITIES : The Station is well-equipped for research in marine biology. It has a largenumber of laboratory rooms, scientific equipment, library, aquaria, boats, etc.

9 FINANCES: The Station was to a great extent self-supporting before World War II.Its income comes from: (a) contribution for 'tables'; (b) receipts from the visits to theaquarium; (c) sale of preserved material and of publications; (d) contribution from theItalian Government; (e) grants from the Rockefeller Foundation, etc.

12 PUBLICATIONS: Pubblicazioni della Stazione Zoologica di Napoli, Vols. I-XXIII,1918-52; Fauna e Flora del Golfo di Napoli, Monographs I-XXXVIII.

13 RELATIONS WITH OTHER INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS: The Station is affiliated toICSU, which established in 1951 an International Advisory Committee with representa-tives of the countries which support 'tables' at the Zoological Station.

14 SHORT HISTORY: The Station was created in 1873, solely through the efforts of Dr. An-ton Dohrn, with private funds and subsidies from the German Government. AfterWorld War I, the Station was re-organized into an ente morale (incorporated institution).It has exercised a profound influence on the development of marine biology during thepast 75 years.

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REGIONAL ORGANIZATIONS

ASSOCIATION OF FRENCH SPEAKINGMICROBIOLOGISTS (AMILAF)

[ASSOCIATION DES MICBOBIOLOGISTES DE LANGUE FRANCAISE (AMILAP)]

2 ADDRESS: Dr. Pierre Lepine, Secretaire General, Association des Microbiologistes deLangue frangaise, 25, rue du Dr. Roux, Paris-15e, France. Telephone: SEGur 01-10.

3 NATURE: Non-governmental.

4 AIMS: TO organize conventions, hold scientific meetings, publish scientific papers in thefield of Microbiology, and promote scientific relations between French speaking micro-biologists.

5 GOVERNING BODIES : The Assembly, composed of all the members; the Board of Officers,elected by the Assembly, for three-year terms; the Nominations Commission, composedof the President, Vice-President, General Secretary and six members elected by theAssembly for six years, one-third of them being elected every other year. This Com-mission examines the applications for admission from prospective members, and iffound eligible for nomination, submits them to election by the Assembly, OFFICERS:President: Prof. P. Gastinel (France, 1955); Vice-Presidents: Dr. A.R. Prevot (France,1955), Prof. Lemoigne (France, 1955); General Secretary: Dr. P. Lepine (France, 1955);Treasurer: Dr. R. Wahl (France, 1955); Secretary for Belgium: Dr. P. Bordet (Belgium);Members of Honour (life term): Dr. Jules Bordet (Belgium), Dr. R. G.W. Wyckoff(U.S.A.).

6 MEMBERS: Individual members only. Number of members unlimited: in 1952, 638 inthe following countries (listed in order of numerical importance of membership):France, Belgium, Switzerland, Canada, Italy, Portugal, Netherlands, Luxembourg, Uru-guay, Austria, United Kingdom, Argentina, India, Spain, United States of America,Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, Mexico.

8 FACILITIES : Library connected with the general library of the Institut Pasteur, Paris,microfilm service, periodicals, subscription service, book purchasing service. Theseservices including the reduced subscription rate to the Annales de rinstitut Pasteur,are restricted to members only.

9 FINANCES : Members annual dues; subsidies from various sources: the Institut Pasteur,the French Conseil National pour la Recherche Scientifique, the International Union ofBiological Sciences, etc., for the publication of scientific papers (individual papers orsymposia).

10 MEETINGS: (a) Regular sessions: first Thursday of every month (except August andSeptember); (b) Conventions and Symposia: in principle yearly, except in years whenthe International Association of Microbiologists has its meeting.

11 VOTING: Individual voting only. All elections by secret ballot and absolute majority.

12 PUBLICATIONS: All scientific papers appear in the Annales de rinstitut Pasteur.

13 RELATIONS WITH OTHER INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS: The Association is the re-cognized French-speaking group of the International Association of Microbiologists.

14 SHORT HISTORY: The Association was founded 28 October 1937.

15 BIBLIOGRAPHY: Annales de VInstitut Pasteur, since 1937, passim.

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EUROPEAN COUNCILFOR NUCLEAR RESEARCH (CERN)

[CONSEIL EUROPEEN POUR LA RECHERCHE NUCLEAIRE (CERN)]

2 ADDRESS: Istituto di Fisica, Universita degli Studi, Rome, Italy. Cable address: CERNFISICA UNIVERSITA ROMA.

3 NATURE: Intergovernmental.

4 AIMS: Council of Representatives of European States for planning an internationallaboratory and organizing other forms of co-operation in nuclear research.

5 GOVERNING BODIES: Council, OFFICERS: Secretary-General: Prof. E. Amaldi (Italy);Director of the Synchro-cyclotron Group: Prof. C. J. Bakker (Netherlands); Director ofthe Proton Synchroton Group: O. Dahl (Norway); Director of the Laboratory Group:L. Kowarski (France); Director of the Theoretical Group: Prof. Niels Bohr (Denmark).

6 MEMBERS: Belgium, Denmark, France, German Federal Republic, Italy, Netherlands,Norway, Sweden, Switzerland, Yugoslavia.

7 COMMISSIONS: Four Study Groups. See 5 above.

9 FINANCES : Contributions of Member States.

10 MEETINGS: Council meetings approximately every two months.

11 VOTING: One vote per Member State.

13 RELATIONS WITH OTHER INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS: A formal Agreement withUnesco was signed on 8 May 1952.

14 SHORT HISTORY: The Agreement establishing CERN, negotiated in the course of twoConferences of Governmental representatives, convened by Unesco in Paris, December1951, and Geneva, February 1952, entered into force on 2 May 1952. It provided for theestablishment of a preparatory body (CERN), during a period of 18 months, in view ofthe creation of a permanent European Organization for Nuclear Research. In additionto the countries which signed the CERN Agreement (see 6 above), the United Kingdomparticipates financially and technically in the activities of CERN.

PAN AMERICAN INSTITUTEOF GEOGRAPHY AND HISTORY (PAIGH)

[INSTITCT PANAMERICAIN DE GEOGRAPHIE ET D'HISTOIRE (iPGH)]

INSTITUTO PANAMERICANO DE GEOGRAFIA E HISTORIA (IPGH)

2 ADDRESS: Avenida Observatorio 192, Tacubaya, Mexico 18, D.F., Mexico. Telephone:15-19-10. Cable address: IPAGHIS MEXICO.Other addresses: Commission on Cartography: Cabildo 381, Buenos Aires, Argentina.Commission on Geography: Avenue Churchill 199, Sala 1204, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil;Commission on History: Ex-Arzobispado 28, Tacubaya, Mexico 18, D.F., Mexico.

3 NATURE: Intergovernmental.

4 AIMS: To encourage, co-ordinate, and publicize geographic, historical, and relatedscientific studies; and to initiate and execute any studies or research assignments ofthis character requested by the Member States. In addition, it is charged with promot-ing co-operation with American organizations interested in these fields of activity,

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including specifically co-operation among geographic and historical institutes of theMember States. No work of a political or sectarian nature may be undertaken. (By-laws, Article 1.)

5 GOVERNING BODIES: General Assembly, composed of the delegates and representativesof each of the American States; Governing Board, composed of the President and thetwo Vice-Presidents of the Institute and the Chairman of the respective NationalSections; Executive Committee (of the Governing Board), composed of the President andthe two Vice-Presidents of the Institute, the Chairmen of the three Commissions, andthe Counsellor and Secretary-General of the Institute as Counsellor and Secretary ofthe Committee, OFFICERS: President: Dr. Robert H. Randall (U.S.A., 1950-54);Vice-President: General Ramon Canas Montalva (Chile, 1950-54); Alternate Vice-President: Dr. Emeterio S. Santovenia (Cuba, 1950-54); Honorary President: Dr. JoseCarlos de Macedo Soares (Brazil); Honorary Vice-President: General Eduardo Zubia(Uruguay); Director-Counsellor: Ing. Pedro C. Sanchez (Mexico, first Director and nowdesignated Counsellor during his lifetime); Secretary-General: Dr. Andre C. Simon-pietri (U.S.A., 1951-56).

6 MEMBERS : The 21 American Governments. Although not a Member State, the Govern-ment of Canada has named representatives on two of the three Commissions.

7 COMMISSIONS : The Commissions are charged with the execution of the scientific, tech-nical and cultural programme of the Institute. There are three: Commission on Carto-graphy: Chairman: General Carlos A. Levene (Argentina); Commission on Geography:Chairman: Colonel Edmundo Gastao da Cunha (Brazil); Commission on History:Chairman: Dr. Silvio Zavala (Mexico). Each Commission is formed of a representativeof each Member State, appointed by the respective Government. In each country, theCommission representatives form the National Section of the PAIGH, which is re-sponsible for the liaison between the Member State and the Institute, and for the exe-cution of the projects and studies of interest to the Institute. The Commissions haveestablished the following Committees which have their headquarters in the countriesof their Chairmen, as indicated: CARTOGRAPHY: Geodesy: Chairman: Ing. ManuelMedina Peralta (Mexico), Gravimetry and Geomagnetism: Ing. Ricardo Monges Lopez(Mexico), Seismology: Ing. Federico Greve Schleger (Chile), Topographic Maps andAerophotogrammetry: General de Brigada Pedro Roberto Quiroga (Argentina), Aero-nautical Charts: Colonel Paul C. Schauer (U.S.A.), Hydrography: Vice-AlmiranteAntonio Alves Camara (Brazil), Tides: Cap. de Fragata Hector V. Iglesias (Argentina),Special Maps: Dr. Gerardo A. Canet Alvarez (Cuba), Urban Surveys: Murray YostPoling (U.S.A.); GEOGRAPHY: Natural Resources: Dr. Umberto Horacio Fuenzalida(Chile), Colonization and Settlement: J. Wreford "Watson (Canada), Land-Use andClassification: Prof. Preston E. James (U.S.A.), Geography of the Americas: Prof.Federico A. Daus (Argentina), Teaching and Metliodology of Geography: Dr. CarlosDelgado de Carvalho (Brazil); HISTORY: Emancipation Movement: Dr. Cristobal L.Mendoza (Venezuela), Archives: Dr. Emeterio S. Santovenia (Cuba), Folklore: Dr. LuisE. Valcarcel (Peru), Programme on the History of America: Dr. Ricardo Piccirilli(Argentina), History of Ideas: Dr. Leopoldo Zea (Mexico), Anthropology: vacant.

8 FACILITIES : The Institute has a specialized library consisting of approximately 50,000volumes located at its headquarters, and subsidiary collections are maintained at theheadquarters of the respective commissions.

9 FINANCES : Schedule for the annual quotas of members calculated on unit system basedupon categories of population and ranging from U.S.$644 to U.S.$42,928. Annualbudget: U.S.$125,000.

10 MEETINGS : The General Assembly meets every four years. The Governing Board meetsat the time of the General Assembly and other occasions when necessary. The ExecutiveCommittee meets annually. The Commissions sponsor Consultations held jointly withthe General Assembly, and at least once during the interval between two regular

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Assemblies. There have been six Pan American Consultations on Cartography since1943; three on Geography since 1949, and two on History since 1947.

11 VOTING: Resolutions adopted by the Assembly on scientific subjects are taken by amajority vote of the delegations present, and resolutions on administrative matters bya majority vote of the delegations of the States adhering to the Institute. The by-lawsmay be modified by the General Assembly with the approval of two-thirds of the dele-gations of Member States.

12 PUBLICATIONS: The Institute has published some 150 scientific monographies on a wide

variety of subjects. It also publishes four regular reviews: Revista de Historia de Americansemi-annual, Boletin Bibliogrdfico de Antropologia Americana, annual, Revista Geo-grdfica, annual, Revista Cartogrdfica, annual.

13 RELATIONS WITH OTHER INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS : The Institute is a Specialized

Organization of the Organization of American States. It maintains close relations withthe other Specialized Organizations of the OAS System and with the following: UN,Unesco, ICAO, FAO, the International Hydrographic Bureau, the International Unionof Geodesy and Geophysics, the International Geographical Union, the InternationalUnion of the History of Science and certain other international non-governmentalorganizations.

14 SHORT HISTORY: The Pan American Institute of Geography and History was createdin 1928 by the Sixth International Conference of American States. The Commissionon Cartography was established in 1942, and the Commissions on Geography and onHistory in 1946.

15 BIBLIOGRAPHY: Handbook of International Organizations in the Americas, CarnegieEndowment for International Peace, Washington, D.C., 1945, pp. 307-10.

16 COMMENTS: The Fifth General Assembly of the Institute took place in Santiago deChile in October 1950. The major accomplishments of that meeting were to completethe re-organization of the Institute along the lines of active Commissions under thegeneral supervision of the Executive Committee; to adopt a new system of quotasbased upon a consolidated budget; to ratify the designation of the first Secretary-General as the top administrative officer; and to plan the technical and scientific pro-gramme of the Institute for the ensuing four years. The next General Assembly istentatively scheduled for Mexico, 1954.

SCANDINAVIAN PHYSIOLOGICAL SOCIETY[SOCIETE SCANDINAVE DE PHYSIOLOGIE]

NORDISK FORENING FOR FYSIOLOGI

2 ADDRESS: C/O Prof. C.G. Bernhard, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 60, Sweden.Telephone: 235489 Ext. 183.

3 NATURE: Non-governmental.

4 AIMS: Nordisk Forening for Fysiologi is a society for scientists in Denmark, Finland,Norway and Sweden who work in the field of physiology and related scientific fields.The aims of the society are to promote scientific work, especially by arranging con-gresses every three years in order to bring together the members from the Scandinaviancountries for scientific discussions.

5 GOVERNING BODIES : The Committee of the Society consists of eight members amongwhom there must be at least one from each Scandinavian country and a GeneralSecretary, OFFICERS: Members of Committee: Prof. E. Lundsgaard (Denmark), Prof.

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S. 0rskov (Denmark), Prof. Y. Reenpaa (Finland), Prof. Simola (Finland), Prof.Langfeldt (Norway), Prof. Leegaard (Norway), Prof. U. von Euler (Sweden), Prof.G. Kahlson (Sweden); General Secretary: Prof. C. G. Bernhard (Sweden).

6 MEMBERS: The Society has about 150 members from the four Scandinavian countries.

8 FACILITIES: The Society gives a number of small fellowships to young Scandinavianscientists in order to facilitate their attendance at the Congresses.

9 FINANCES: Members subscriptions (10 Swedish crowns per year).

10 MEETINGS: Congresses every three years.

11 VOTING: Individual voting.

12 PUBLICATIONS: Ada Physiologica Scandinavica, 12 numbers per year (3 vols.). Editor:Prof. G. Liljestrand, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 60, Sweden.

14 SHORT HISTORY: The Society was founded in 1926. Congresses have been held everythree years with the exception of the years between 1937 and 1948 (altogether sevencongresses). About 75 fellowships (see 8 above) in connexion with congresses have beendistributed since 1947. The journal Ada Physiologica Scandinavica is distributed toseveral libraries and institutes throughout the world.

15 BIBLIOGRAPHY: References to the papers in Ada Physiologica Scandinavica can befound in most current physiological journals, handbooks and textbooks.

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C H A P T E R II

APPLIED SCIENCES

A. AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES

DAIRY INDUSTRIES SOCIETY, INTERNATIONAL(DISI)

[SOCIETE INTERNATIONALE DES INDUSTRIES LAITIERES]

SOCIEDAD INTERNACIONAL DE INDUSTRIAS LACTEAS

2 ADDRESS: 1108, 16th Street, N.W., Washington 6, D.C., U.S.A. Telephone: Executive3-3776.

3 NATURE: Non-governmental.

4 AIMS: TO foster the extension of dairy industrial enterprise internationally throughan interchange and dissemination of scientific, technological, economic, dietary andother relevant information and through a bringing together of persons and entitiesdevoted thereto.

5 GOVERNING BODIES : The government of this Society is vested in the Board of Directorswho are voting members elected by the voting members annually by a majority of thevotes cast for Directors at the annual meeting. The Board of Directors consists of nineDirectors at large with a minimum of nine Directors for stated areas. The Board ofDirectors determines the number of Area Directorships to be filled at a given time andthe conditions which govern the determination of the Area Directorships. The Boardelects from among its own number annually a Chairman and a Vice-Chairman. Thereis an Executive Committee of the Board of Directors comprising seven members, two ofwhom are respectively the Chairman and Vice-Chairman of the Board, chosen annuallyby that body, and between meetings of the Board of Directors, the Executive Com-mittee thereof exercises the full powers of the Board of Directors, OFFICERS (terms ex-pire 1953): President: Lester Olsen (U.S.A.); Vice-President: Milton Hult (U.S.A.);Treasurer: Roy E. Cairns (U.S.A.); Managing Director: Roberts Everett (U.S.A.);Secretary: George F. Rowe (U.S.A.); Directors at Large: Frank S. Board (U.S.A.),Howard P. Faust (U.S.A.), R. E. Olson (U.S.A.), Irving C. Reynolds (U.S.A.), RobertRosenbaum (U.S.A.), K. L. Wallace (Canada), O. H. Selander (U.S.A.), Richard J.Speirs (U.S.A.), Gosta Winberg (Sweden).

6 MEMBERS: Approximately 350 members in 40 countries.

7 COMMISSIONS: Education Committee: Members: Frank Board (U.S.A.), Dr. HenriBerard (Canada), Dr. J. Molano-Campuzano (Colombia). Area Development Committee:Chairman: Robert Rosenbaum (U.S.A.). Health Standards Committee: Chairman: Dr.David Levowitz (U.S.A.). Dairy Processing Comittee. Milk Production Committee.Public Relations Committee: Chairman: M. G. Van Buskirk(U.S.A.). Finance Committee:Chairman: A. R. Lillicrapp (U.S.A.).

8 FACILITIES: Research and Information service.

9 FINANCES: Membership dues.

10 MEETINGS: The Society meets annually.

11 VOTING: Individual vote.

12 PUBLICATIONS: Sanitation in Dairy Farming, Farm Cooling of Milk, Sanitation in DairyProcessing, Separators and Clarifiers, Pasteurization of Milk, Packaging and Closures,Milk Transportation (all foregoing in English, Spanish). Glossary of Dairy Terminology(English-Spanish and Spanish-English). Film Bibliography, DISI Bulletin and Reportto Members issued periodically (English, Spanish).

14 SHORT HISTORY: The Society was organized at Atlantic City, N.J., U.S.A., in 1946.

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FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATIONOF THE UNITED NATIONS (FAO)

[ORGANISATION DES NATIONS UNIES POUR L'ALIMENTATION ET L'AGRICULTURE (OAA)]

ORGANIZACION DE LAS NACIONES VNIDAS PARA LA AGRICVLTURA Y LA ALMENTACION

2 ADDRESS: Viale delle Terme di Caracalla, Rome, Italy. Telephone: 590011; 590211;599071. Cable address: FOODAGRI ROME.Regional Office for the Near East: Box 2223, Cairo, Egypt (Isis Building, 7 ShariaLazoghli Garden City). Regional Office for Asia and the Far East: Maliwan Mansion,Phra Atit Road, Bangkok, Thailand; 12 Theatre Communication Building, Queensway,New Delhi, India. North American Regional Office: 1325 C. Street, S.W., Washington 25,D.C., U.S.A.; Room 2245, United Nations, East 42nd Street, New York 22, N.Y.,U.S.A. Latin American Regional Office: FAO Latin American Regional Office, RuaJardim Botanico 1008, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Latin American Sub-Regional Offices:FAO Regional Office for Eastern South America, Rua Jardim Botanico 1008, Rio deJaneiro, Brazil; FAO Regional Office for Western South America, Ramon Nieto 920,6 piso, Santiago de Chile, Chile; FAO Regional Office for Mexico, Central America andthe Caribbean: Apartado Postal 10778, Mexico 1, D.F., Mexico. Latin American Agri-cultural Statistics Office: Apartado 2933, San Jose, Costa Rica.

3 NATURE: Intergovernmental.

4 AIMS : To raise levels of nutrition and standards of living of the peoples, to secure im-provements in the efficiency of the production and distribution of all food and agri-cultural products, to better the condition of rural populations, and thus to contributetoward an expanding world economy (Preamble of the Constitution). 1. The Organi-zation shall collect, analyse, interpret, and disseminate information relating to nutrition,food and agriculture. 2. The Organization shall promote and, where appropriate, shallrecommend national and international action with respect to (a) scientific, technological,social and economic research relating to nutrition, food and agriculture; (b) the im-provement of education and administration relating to nutrition, food and agriculture,and the spread of public knowledge of nutritional and agricultural science and practice;(c) the conservation of natural resources and the adoption of improved methods ofagricultural production; (d) the improvement of the processing, marketing, and distri-bution of food and agricultural products; (e) the adoption of policies for the provisionof adequate agricultural credit, national and international; (f) the adoption of inter-national policies with respect to agricultural commodity arrangements. 3. It shall alsobe the function of the Organization (a) to furnish such technical assistance as govern-ments may request; (b) to organize, in co-operation with the governments concerned,such missions as may be needed to assist them to fulfil the obligations arising from then-acceptance of the recommendations of the United Nations Conference on Food andAgriculture; and (c) generally to take all necessary and appropriate action to implementthe purpose of the Organization as set forth in the Preamble. (Art. I of the Constitution.)

5 GOVERNING BODIES : The Conference of the Organization in which each Member Nationis represented by one delegate. Each Member Nation may appoint an alternate, asso-ciates and advisers to its delegate. The Conference determines the policy and approvesthe budget of the Organization. It may, by a two-thirds majority of the votes cast, makerecommendations to Member Nations concerning questions relating to food and agri-culture for consideration with a view to implementation by national action. TheCouncil, consisting of 18 Member Nations elected by the Conference. The Conferenceappoints an independent Chairman of the Council. Composition of the Council 1953:Independent Chairman: Josue de Castro (Brazil); Members: Australia, Brazil, Canada,Chile, Colombia, Cuba, Egypt, Finland, France, India, Italy, Netherlands, Pakistan,Philippines, Spain, Union of South Africa, United Kingdom, United States of America.

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The Staff whose head is the Director-General. The Director-General appoints the mem-bers of the staff, subject to approval of the Council of his appointment of a DeputyDirector-General, OFFICERS: Director-General: Norris E. Dodd (U.S.A.); DeputyDirector-General: Sir Herbert Broadley, K.B.E. (U.K.); Secretary-General: MarcVeillet-Lavallee (France); Director of Information and Educational Services: H. DuncanWall (U.S.A.); Director of Administrative andFinancial Services: Frank Weisl (U.S.A.);Director of the Agriculture Division: F. T. Wahlen (Switzerland); Director of the Econo-mics Division: A. H. Boerma (Netherlands); Director of the Fisheries Division: DonovanB. Finn (Canada); Director of the Forestry Division: Marcel Leloup (France); Directorof the Nutrition Division: Wallace R. Aykroyd (U.K.).

6 MEMBERS: As of 31 March 1953, there were 68 Member States: Afghanistan, Argentina,Australia, Austria, Belgium, Bolivia, Brazil, Burma (Union of), Cambodia, Canada,Ceylon, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Denmark, Dominican Republic, Ecuador,Egypt, El Salvador, Ethiopia, Finland, France, German Federal Republic, Greece,Guatemala, Haiti, Honduras, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Iraq, Ireland, Israel, Italy,Japan, Jordan (Hashemite Kingdom of), Korea, Laos, Lebanon, Liberia, Luxembourg,Mexico, Nepal, Netherlands, New Zealand, Nicaragua, Norway, Pakistan, Panama,Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Portugal, Saudi Arabia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,Syria, Thailand, Turkey, Union of South Africa, United Kingdom, United States ofAmerica, Uruguay, Venezuela, Viet-Nam, Yugoslavia.

7 COMMISSIONS: The Conference may establish technical and regional standing committeesand may appoint committees to study and report on any matter pertaining to thepurpose of the Organization, such as for example: the European Committee on Agri-culture; the International Rice Commission (IRC); the Working Party on Rice Breedingof the IRC; the Working Party on Fertilizers of the IRC; the Permanent EuropeanWorking Party on Land and Water Utilization and Conservation; the Fertilizers Corres-

pondents for Latin America; the Executive Committee on Renewable Resources; the FAOWorking Party on Mediterranean Pasture and Fodder Development; the Joint FAO-WHO Expert Panel on Brucellosis; the Joint FAO-WHO Expert Group on Zoonoses;FAO Technical Advisory Committee on Desert Locust Control; the European Commissionon Forestry and Forest Products and the Mediterranean Forestry Sub-Commission; thePermanent Working Party on Cork; the ECE Timber Committee; the Latin AmericanForestry Commission; the Asia and Pacific Forestry Commission; the InternationalPoplar Commission; the International Chestnut Commission; the Indo-Pacific FisheriesCouncil; the Latin American Fisheries Council; the General Fisheries Council for theMediterranean; the Interim Committee on Fish Handling and Processing; the JointFAO-WHO Expert Committee on Nutrition.

COMMITTEES OF THE COUNCIL: The Co-ordinating Committee is composed of sevenMembers selected by the Council in a personal capacity on the basis of their widepractical experience of FAO's work and responsibilities. Its purpose is to review theprogress of FAO's undertakings, consider the broad fields of activity in the programmeof work and future undertakings of the Organization, and tender advice on the co-ordination of the undertakings of FAO. Members: F. W. Bulcock (Australia), Dr. G. S. H.Barton (Canada), Prof. Andre Mayer (France), Sardar Dattar Singh (India), LouisMaire (Switzerland), F. Grant (U.K.), Dr. P. V. Cardon (U.S.A.).

The Committee on Financial Control is appointed by the Council of FAO at its firstmeeting following each Conference session. I t is composed of a Chairman, from amongthe persons indicated to represent their governments on the Council, and of fourpersons in the government service of Member Nations selected for their special com-petence in financial administration. No two of the persons on this Committee maybe of the same nationality. The function of the Committee is to consider those financialand related questions which the Council may delegate to it. Members of the Committee:Chairman: Ralph S. Roberts (U.S.A.); Members: Albert Van Houtte (Belgium),Enrique Peres-Cisneros (Cuba), Anwar Niazi (Egypt), Louis Maire (Switzerland).

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The Committee on Relations with International Organizations is composed of MemberGovernments selected by the Council. Its purpose is to consider and report upon anyquestion affecting the relations of FAO with other international organizations andupon all applications for associations with FAO made by intergovernmental ornon-governmental organizations. Members appointed by the Council in November 1952,for the ensuing year: Austria, Belgium, Brazil, Ceylon, France, Ireland, Italy,Philippines, United States of America.

The Committee on Commodity Problems is composed of 14 Member Governmentsappointed annually by the Council. It operates as the instrument of FAO to analyseand interpret the international commodity situation and to advise the Council onsuitable action. Member Nations appointed by the Council in November 1952, for theensuing year: Argentina, Australia, Belgium, Burma (Union of), Canada, Cuba, Egypt,France, India, Japan, Sweden, United Kingdom, United States of America, Yugolsavia.

8 FACILITIES: FAO Headquarters is housed in two connecting buildings, containing584 office rooms and other faculties. One of the buildings contains the ConferenceHall of 1,400 square metres, used primarily for plenary sessions of the Conference,and two smaller Commission Rooms of 600 square metres each. All three halls areequipped for simultaneous interpretation, are acoustically treated and air-conditioned.These facilities are available, on a rental basis, for selected organizations, whose workis of direct interest to FAO.

In the same building are a fully equipped radio recording studio, a photographicLaboratory and dark room, and the David Lubin Memorial Library. The largestagricultural library in Europe, it contains 400,000 volumes; a combination of thelibraries of the International Institute of Agriculture, the International ForestryCentre and the FAO Library brought from Washington, it contains reading rooms,reference, photostat and microfilm services, and 18 kilometres of shelves.

9 FINANCES: The annual budget is allocated among the Member Nations in proportiondetermined by the Conference. Each Member Nation contributes to the Organizationits share of the expenses.

10 MEETINGS: The Conference meets once in every two years in regular session. It mayneet in special session: (a) if at any regular session the Conference decides, by a majorityof the votes cast, to meet in the following year; (b) if the Council so instructs theDirector-General, or if at least one-third of the Member Nations so request.

11 VOTING: Each Member Nation has one vote.

12 PUBLICATIONS: Official records and reports, pamphlets, handbooks, abstracts, mono-graphs, international symposia on such subjects as fertilizers, grasslands, herring,food refrigeration and canning, animal diseases, forest policy, and so on, are all closelyrelated to some aspect of the programme of FAO. The 1945-1951 Catalogue of Publi-cations which includes FAO publications up to April 1952 includes all available titlesof the former International Institute of Agriculture (1910-1946) which was absorbedinto FAO in 1946. Monographs are occasionally published commercially (such asThe Efficient Use of Fertilizers and Improving the World's Grasslands, Leonard HillLtd., London) and sometimes in collaboration with the printing office of a membergovernment (such as Report of the Herring Technology Meeting, an important symposiumof papers and discussions, published by the Norwegian Government). Periodicalsinclude Monthly Bulletin of Agricultural Economics and Statistics, Unasylva, quarterlyof forestry, Fisheries Bulletin, bi-monthly, World Fisheries Abstracts, bi-monthly,and the Plant Protection Bulletin, monthly. Sample copies of periodicals will be senton request to the Documents Service. Important Yearbooks of Food and AgricultureStatistics, Forestry and Fisheries are produced. Apart from strictly technical reportson calorie requirements, food composition tables, kwashiorkor, and the like, the Nutri-tion Division has produced two best-selling teachers' aids, Nutrition Surveys andTeaching Better Nutrition. Most sales agents of the UN stock FAO publications or

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the catalogue, and information can always be obtained from any Regional Office(see 2 above) or direct from Documents Service, FAO, Viale delle Terme di Caracalla,Borne, Italy.

13 RELATIONS WITH OTHER INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS: The Organization is a special-

ized agency of the United Nations. It has had an agreement with the UN since14 December 1946 as well as agreements with the three Economic Commissions ofthe UN, with the ILO, Unesco and WHO in the UN system, and with the Organizationof American States. Ten international non-governmental organizations have beengranted consultative status. The Director-General has recently granted specializedconsultative status to nine international non-governmental organizations.

14 SHORT HISTORY: The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations wasthe first of the permanent United Nations organizations to be launched after the war.It fulfils the ideas of President Roosevelt who, realizing that food is basic to humanwell-being and the future peace of the world, convened in May 1943 the United NationsConference on Food and Agriculture at Hot Springs, Va., U.S.A. On the recommen-dations of the Hot Springs Conference, the United Nations Interim Commission onFood and Agriculture which prepared a constitution of FAO to be submitted to govern-ments, was set up in July 1943. FAO officially came into being on 16 October 1945.The First Session of the Conference was held in Quebec from 16 October to 1 November1945. It was primarily concerned with setting up the Organization and defining itsresponsibilities. The temporary Headquarters of FAO were established in Washington,D.C. The Organization assumed direction of the work of the International Instituteof Agriculture in Rome and early in 1947 this became the Temporary European RegionalOffice of FAO. In June 1946, the International Emergency Food Council was createdto allocate short supplies for the duration of the world food emergency. The SecondSession of the Conference was held at Copenhagen from 2 to 13 September 1946. ThisSession dealt also with problems of organization; as a result of the Proposals for aWorld Food Board, the debate centered on the powers and functions to be vestedin FAO in relation to world food supplies. The Third Session, held at Geneva in August

1947, had to consider an important change in the Constitution. As a result of therecommendation of the Preparatory Commission on World Food Proposals, whichmet at Washington, D.C, from 28 October 1946 to 24 January 1947, the Council ofFAO was established. The 18-nation Council, composed of official representatives ofgovernments, succeeded to the former Executive Committee of FAO, whose membersserved as individuals. The Fourth Session, held in Washington beginning 15 November1948, was chiefly concerned with the world situation relating to production, marketing,and consumption of food and agricultural products including fish and timber. TheFifth Session was held at Washington, D.C, 21 November-6 December 1949. A SpecialSession was held at Washington, D.C, 3-11 November 1950. The Sixth Session washeld at Rome, 19 November-6 December 1951.

15 BIBLIOGRAPHY: Yearbook of the United Nations, 1946-1947, and subsequent years,Department of Public Information, United Nations. Constitution, Rules and Regulations,1951. Report of the First Session of the Conference, 1946. Report of the Second Sessionof the Conference, 1946. Report of the Third Session of the Conference, 1947. Report of theSpecial Session of the Conference, 1948. Report of the Fourth Session of the Conference,1949, Report of the Fifth Session of the Conference, 1950. Report of the Special Sessionof the Conference, 1951. Report of the Sixth Session of the Conference, 1951. First AnnualReport of the Director-General to the Second Session of the Conference, 1946. SecondAnnual Report of the Director-General to the Third Session of the Conference, 1947.Work of FAO 1947-1948. Work of FAO 1948-1949. Work of FAO 1949-1950. WorkofFAO1950-51. Report of the Special Meeting on Urgent Food Problems, 1946. Report of the Inter-national Timber Conference, 1947. Report of the Rice Study Group, 1947. Nutrition Problemsof Rice-Eating Countries in Asia, 1949. International Rice Commission, Report of theFirst Session, 1949. International Rice Commission, Report of the Second Session, 1950.

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Reports on the Meetings of Experts and the European National Committees, 1947. GeneralReport of the Fourth Meeting of the European National Committees, 1948. Report of theFAO Mission for Greece, 1947. Report of the FAO Mission for Poland, 1948. Report of theFAO Mission for Siam, 1948. Report of the FAO Oilseed Mission for Venezuela, 1949.Report of the FAO Mission for Nicaragua, 1950.

16 COMMENTS: The Seventh Session of the Conference will be held in Rome, starting23 November 1953.

INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATIONOF WOOD ANATOMISTS (IAWA)[ASSOCIATION INTERNATIONALE DES ANATOMISTES DU BOIS]

2 ADDRESS: Office of the Secretary-Treasurer, Division of Forest Products, C.S.I.R.,Yarra Bank Road, Melbourne, S.C.4, Victoria, Australia.

3 NATURE: Non-governmental.

4 AIMS: (a) To interchange ideas and information through correspondence and meetings;(b) to facilitate the collection and exchange of material; (c) to work toward standardterminology and descriptions; (d) to stimulate the publication of scientific articles andabstracts; (e) to stimulate and assist the study and teaching of wood anatomy; (f) toengage in any other activity consistent with the object of the Association.

5 COVERNING BODIES: The Council of Twelve, elected every three years. Representedin the Council are: Australia, Brazil, France, India, Netherlands, Switzerland, UnitedKingdom, United States of America, OFFICERS: Secretary-Treasurer: H. E. Dadswell(Australia).

6 MEMBERS: The Association has 132 members from 29 countries.

10 MEETINGS : Meetings are infrequent, usually in connexion with meetings of the Inter-national Botanical Congress.

12 PUBLICATIONS: Glossary of Terms Used in Describing Woods. News Bulletin, twicea year.

14 SHORT HISTORY: Officially constituted in Paris, 4 July 1931, as a result of the meetingof Wood Anatomists during the meeting of the International Botanical Congress atCambridge the year before.

INTERNATIONAL CENTRE OF FERTILIZERS[CENTRE INTERNATIONAL DES ENGRAIS CHIMIQTJES (CIEC)]

CENTRO INTERNAZIONALE CONCIMl CHIMICI

CENTRO INTERNACIONAL DE ABONOS QUJMICOS

INTERNATIONALER VERBAND FOR HANDELSDINGER

2 ADDRESS : c/o CITA, Beethovenstrasse 24, Zurich, Switzerland. Telephone: 27 34 88,Cable address: CITAGRONOM ZURICH. Technical Office: c/o CITA, Via Barberini 86.Rome, Italy. Telephone: 48 14 92.

3 NATURE: Non-governmental.

4 AIMS: (a) To establish relations, in the various countries, between organizations andpeople who are interested in the problems of science, technics, production, distribution

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and use of chemical fertilizers and products useful to agriculture, and to stimulate anexchange of views susceptible to increasing the rational use of such means for theimprovement of the technical conditions of agricultural production; (b) to promoteand organize international meetings, conferences, congresses and exhibitions on fer-tilizers as well as trace-elements; (c) to organize inquiries, studies and technical investi-gations; and prepare, collect and elaborate data on the foregoing subjects; (d) toinitiate publications and distribute films on the subject in the various countries, and(e) assume all other activities connected with the afore-mentioned aims.

5 GOVERNING BODIES: General Assembly, Central Committee, OFFICERS: President:Dr. Ernest Feisst (Switzerland); Secretary-General: Prof. Dr. Franco Angelini (Italy).

6 MEMBERS : Members in Austria, Belgium, Denmark, France, German Federal Republic,Greece, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,Turkey, United Kingdom, Yugoslavia.

7 COMMISSIONS : Comite Europeen pour la Fertilisation en Montague: Chairman: Dr. LuigiMorandi (Italy). Commission Permanente pour VHarmonisation et V Unification de laLegislation sur les Engrais: Chairman: Maltre Henri Noilhan (France).

9 FINANCES: Members subscriptions.

10 MEETINGS: Central Committee once or twice a year. General Assembly every threeyears.

12 PUBLICATIONS: Proceedings of Conferences and Congresses.

13 RELATIONS WITH OTHER INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS: Relat ions wi th O E E C , F A O ,the International Confederation of Technical Agriculturists and the European Con-federation of Agriculture.

14 SHOHT HISTORY: The International Centre of Fertilizers, which is affiliated to theInternational Confederation of Technical Agriculturists, is the follow up of the formerConferences des Engrais Chimiques. In 1951 the Centre organized at Rome the FifthInternational Conference on Fertilizers and Products useful in Agriculture.

INTERNATIONAL CENTRE FOR PLANT PROTECTION[CENTRE INTERNATIONAL DES ANTIPARASITAIRES]

INTERNATIONALER VERBAND FOR PFLANZENSCHUTZ

CENTRO INTERNAZIONALE DEGLI ANTIPARASSITARI

CENTRO INTERNACIONAL DE ANTIPARASITARIOS

2 ADDRESS : c/o CITA, Beethovenstrasse 24, Zurich, Switzerland. Telephone: 27 34 88.Cable address: CITAGRONOM ZURICH. Administration: c/o CITA, Via Barberini 86,Rome, Italy. Telephone: 48 14 92.

3 NATURE: Non-governmental.

4 AIMS: (a) To establish relations, in the various countries, between organizations andpersons interested in the science, technique, production, distribution and use of anti-parasitics, in order to improve technical conditions of agricultural production; (b) topromote and organize meetings, conferences, congresses and international exhibitionson anti-parasitics; (c) to improve the information and statistical services in this field;(d) to initiate publications concerning problems of interest to the Centre and to publisha Bulletin or periodical review as official organ of the Centre; (e) to distribute films inthe various countries about antiparasitics.

5 GOVERNING BODIES: General Assembly, Central Committee, OFFICERS: President: Dr.Ernest Feisst (Switzerland); Secretary-General: Prof. Dr. Franco Angelini (Italy).

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6 MEMBERS : Austria, Belgium, Denmark, France, German Federal Republic, Greece, Italy,Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey,United Kingdom, Yugoslavia.

9 FINANCES: Members subscriptions.

10 MEETINGS: General Assembly once every three years at least.

11 VOTING: Each organization member has one, three or five votes according to then-category of membership. Individual members, who are also honorary members, do notpay a subscription and have only a consultative vote.

12 PUBLICATIONS: General Reports of the First International Conference for Plant Pro-tection, Rome 1950. Memorandum Antiparasitaire Europeen.

13 RELATIONS WITH OTHER INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS: Relations with OEEC, FAO,the International Confederation of Technical Agriculturists and the European Con-federation of Agriculture.

14 SHORT HISTORY: Founded after World War II, the first important manifestation of theCentre was an International Conference held in Rome in October 1950. Last GeneralAssembly, 20 June 1952.

16 COMMENTS: The First International Congress for Plant Protection will be held inNaples and Rome, Italy, from, 19 to 23 October 1953.

INTERNATIONALCOMMISSION OF AGRICULTURAL INDUSTRIES

[COMMISSION INTERNATIONALE DES INDUSTRIES AGRICOLES]

2 ADDRESS: 18, avenue de Villars, Paris-7e, France. Telephone: SUFfren 31-85. Cableaddress: INTERINDAGR PARIS. Also Regional Secretariats: 51, route de Frontenex, Geneva,Switzerland. Telephone: 6.61.90. Cable address: INTERINDAGR GENEVE; 38, boulevarddu Regent, Brussels, Belgium. Telephone: 12.79.42; c/o Dr. Fellner, 416, 5th StreetN.W., Washington 1, D.C., U.S.A.

3 NATURE: Intergovernmental.

4 AIMS: To study scientific, technical and economic questions directly or indirectlyaffecting the food, agricultural and biological industries in the various countries;to co-ordinate the investigations in progress on those questions; to collect and dis-seminate the relevant documentation; to draw up an informative plan of the scientificwork, experiments and research that should be undertaken in connexion with the food,agricultural and biological industries; to give an opinion on such draft arrangementsand conventions as may be submitted to it by governments and international organ-izations ; to ensure regular contact with the National Commissions of the food, agri-cultural and biological industries; to establish an International Information Centrefor questions of concern to the food, agricultural and biological industries; to arrangefor meetings of the International Congresses dealing either with the whole of the food,agricultural and biological industries or with any particular branch of those industries;to organize international exhibitions on the subject of the above-mentioned industries,either concurrently "with the Congresses or independently of the latter; to serve asa link between international organizations having similar objects, with a view tojoint action.

5 GOVERNING BODIES: General Assembly consisting of delegates of contracting Govern-ments, OFFICERS: Chairman: Baron L. Ricasoli (Italy); Vice-Chairman: Dr. Weber

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(Germany), Baron P. G. Kronacker (Belgium), Ing. Eilertsen (Denmark), Don RamonGarrido Domingo (Spain), Alexis Jaubert (France), Sir Philip Raffray (U.K.), Dr.Salt Tahsin Tekeli (Turkey), Tran Binh Cu (Viet-Nam); Rapporteur General: HenryIckx (Belgium); General Secretary: Henry-Frangois Dupont (France); DiplomaticAdviser: Albert Bodard (France); Technical Advisers: Louis de Saint-Rat (France),Dr. Alexandre Lindenberg (France).

6 MEMBERS: Argentina, Austria, Belgium, Brazil, British Honduras, Bulgaria, Chile,China, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, Dominican Republic,Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Finland, France, German Federal Republic, Greece,Guatemala, Honduras, Hungary, Indonesia, Italy, Japan, Laos, Lebanon, Liberia,Luxembourg, Mauritius, Mexico, Morocco, Netherlands, Norway, Panama, Paraguay,Peru, Poland, Portugal, Rumania, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Tunisia, Turkey,United States of America, Uruguay, Venezuela, Viet-Nam, Yugoslavia.

7 COMMISSIONS: Sub-Committees on Liquid Residue (Paris). Dairy Industry (Paris).Methods of Analysis (Paris). Statistics (Rome). Anti-parasitic Products (Geneva).

8 FACILITIES : Laboratory, library, periodical file with abstracts of all relevant material,microfilm and photocopy service, etc.

9 FINANCES: Finances covered by the associated Governments. The Budget for 1952was 42,821,795 Fr. fr.

10 MEETINGS: Once or twice, every year. Last meeting in Rome, June 1952.

11 VOTING: By country.

12 PUBLICATIONS: International Review of Agricultural Industries containing abstractsof relevant papers; Industries Agricoles et Alimentaires; Actualites Scientifiques etTechniques; Bibliographie de VAlcool Ethylique Industriel; Cartotheque de Laiterie;Cartotheque de la Chocolaterie; Encyclopedic Internationale des Industries Agricoles;Lexicons of terms used in the Agricultural Industries.

14 SHORT HlSTonY: Founded at the suggestion of the French Government during theInternational Congress of Agricultural Industries held in Paris, ratified by the agreementof 31 March 1934. Continued its publication all during the war, except for brief inter-vals, by establishing headquarters in Annecy, in the Unoccupied Zone of France,and in Geneva. Congresses: Brussels, 1935; Scheveningen, 1937; Budapest, 1939;Paris, 1948; Brussels, 1950; Rome, 1952.

16 COMMENTS: Next Congress: Madrid, 1954.

INTERNATIONAL COMMISSION OF RURALENGINEERING (ICRE)

[COMMISSION INTERNATIONALE DU GENIE RURAL (CIGR)]

2 ADDRESS: Institut Agronomique de l'Etat, Gembloux, Belgium. Telephone: 610-19.Chairman: 78, rue de Varenne, Paris-7e, France. Treasurer and Assistant Secretary:2, avenue de Saint-Mande, Paris-12e, France. Telephone: DIDerot 32-75.

3 NATURE: Semi-governmental.

4 AIMS: To promote intercourse between the Rural Engineering specialists in the variousnations; to co-ordinate research and other work of international interest; to approachpublic authorities and international agricultural associations with a view to obtainingtheir moral and financial support for the application of the Commission's programme;to promote the formation of a national section of Rural Engineering in countries

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where such a section does Dot exist; to encourage the organization of future inter-national congresses and contribute to their success; to found an International Reviewof Rural Engineering.

5 GOVERNING BODIES: The Administrative Committee consists of the Bureau and onedelegate from each country, nominated by the national delegation. The object of thisCommittee is to examine questions of general character without necessitating a meetingof the General Assembly, OFFICERS: Chairman: Armand Blanc (France); Vice-Chair-men: Gino Passerini (Italy), Arthur Ingham (U.K.), Charles Boudry (Switzerland),Eladio Aranda Heredia (Spain); Secretary-General: Prof. Albert Moureau (Belgium);Treasurer and Assistant Secretary: Alfred T. Lemierre (France).

6 MEMBERS: The Commission consists of titular (four to eight by country) and corres-ponding members. At the end of 1952 there were 68 members from: Belgium, France,Germany, Italy, Luxembourg, Morocco, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey,United Kingdom.

7 COMMISSIONS : Technical Sections: I. Soil Science in its Application to Rural EngineeringProblems; Techniques of Soil Conservation and of Land and Water Management: Secre-tary: Gino Passerini (Italy). II. Rural Buildings and Allied Equipment: Secretary:Arthur Ingham (U.K.). III. Agricultural Mechanization: Secretary: Charles Boudry(Switzerland). IV. Scientific Organization of Labour in Agriculture: Secretary: EladioAranda Heredia (Spain). Each of the Technical Sections established in 1951 a pro-gramme of work on a number of technical problems. Two Working Committees wereestablished, one for studying the standardization of tractors, the other, the standardi-zation of tractor tests. The Secretary of those two committees is the Treasurer andDeputy Secretary of the CIGR.

9 FINANCES: Members subscriptions.

10 MEETINGS: The Bureau meets once a year. The General Assembly meets at eachCongress of Rural Engineering, in general every three years.

11 VOTING: By individual ballot.

12 PUBLICATIONS: Bulletin Analytique, 1953. Technical Circulars. Proceedings of theInternational Congress of Rural Engineering, 1951.

14 SHORT HISTORY: Founded in 1930, the ICRE has held meetings in 1932, 1933, 1936'1938, 1947, 1948, 1949, 1950; and organized International Congresses of Rural Engi-neering at Liege 1930, Madrid 1935 and Rome 1951.

16 COMMENTS: Next International Congress of Rural Engineering planned for 1954.

INTERNATIONAL COMMITTEEFOR HORTICULTURAL CONGRESSES

[COMITE INTERNATIONAL POUR LES coNGRfes D'HORTICULTURE]

2 ADDRESS: 'De Rollepaal', Dedemsvaart, Netherlands. Telephone: 34. Cable address:RUYS ROLLEPAAL DEDEMSVAART.

3 NATURE: Non-governmental.

4 AIMS: Choice of dates and location of congresses. Ensure that during the congressesthe Committee does not discuss questions of a commercial or economic nature, tocarry out all the resolutions taken by the international horticultural congresses, todiffuse as far as possible all resolutions taken by an authorized congress and to takethe necessary steps for their realization.

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5 GOVERNING BODIES : The Committee is self-governing, OFFICERS : President: C. E. Hudson(U.K.); Vice-President: (vacant); Secretary: Dr. J. D. Ruys (Netherlands). The Pre-sident of each Congress is the Government delegate of the country where the Congressis held, and the Vice-President is the delegate of the country where the Congressdecides to hold next congress. The Secretary is the only permanent officer.

6 MEMBERS : The following countries were represented on the Committee in 1952: Belgium,British Colonies, Canada, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Nether-lands, New Zealand, Norway, United Kingdom, United States of America.

10 MEETINGS: Congresses are held every three years.

11 VOTING: By individual vote.

12 PUBLICATIONS : Proceedings are published by the organizing society after each Congress.

14 SHORT HISTORY: The International Committee was organized in 1927, to co-ordinateinternational horticultural congresses. Under its auspices, congresses were held inVienna 1927, London 1930, Paris 1932, Rome 1935 and Berlin 1938. A meeting scheduledfor Oslo in 1942 was postponed because of the war. The work of the Bureau of theCommittee, the Horticultural Section of the International Agricultural Institute atRome was also interrupted in 1939. After the war the Committee resumed its activitiesand a meeting of delegates was held at Amsterdam in April 1949. The last InternationalHorticultural Congress was held in London from 8 to 15 September 1952.

16 COMMENTS: The Fourteenth International Horticultural Congress is planned to takeplace in the Netherlands.

INTERNATIONAL CONFEDERATIONOF TECHNICAL AGRICULTURISTS (CITA)

[CONFEDERATION INTERNATIONALE DES INGENIEURS ET TECHNICIENS DE L'AGRICULTUHE

(CITA)]

CONFEDERAZIONE INTERNAZ10NALE DOTTORI AGRONOMI E TECNICI DELL'AGRICULTURA

(CITA)INTERNATIONALE VERE1NIGVNG DER LANDWIRTSCHAFTS-INGENIEURE UND TECBNIKER

(CITA)CONFEDERAClbN INTERNACIONAL DE INGENIEROS Y TECNICOS DE LA AGRICULTURA

(CITA)

2 ADDRESS: CITA, Beethovenstrasse 24, Zurich, Switzerland. Telephone: 27 34 88. Cableaddress: CITAGRONOM ZURICH. Technical Office: CITA, Via Barberini 86, Rome, Italy.Telephone: 48 14 92.

3 NATURE: Non-governmental.

4 AIMS: To establish and develop relations between the agricultural engineers and tech-nicians of different countries with regard to the progress and extension of agriculturaltechnology and related fields in the world.

5 GOVERNING BODIES: Central Committee, consisting of the Officers listed below as wellas 20 Members and three Comptrollers, OFFICERS: President of Honour: Dr. Figl(Austria); President: Minister Ernest Feisst (Switzerland); Joint President: Prof. L.Bretigniere (France); General Secretary: Prof. Dr. F. Angelini (Italy); Vice-Presidents:Prof. J. Vandervaeren (Belgium), Dr. Leo Muller (Austria), P. Millot (France), E.Morales y Fraile (Spain), F. W. Maier-Bode (Germany).

6 MEMBERS : National associations of technical agriculturists in the following countries:Argentina, Austria, Belgium, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, France, Germany,

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Greece, Israel, Italy, Netherlands, Norway, Paraguay, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzer-land, Turkey, Uruguay, Yugoslavia.

9 FINANCES: Members subscriptions, gifts and legacies.

10 MEETINGS: General Assembly at least every three years.

11 VOTING: By country and by association.

12 PUBLICATIONS: La Technique Agricole Internationale, quarterly. Proceedings.

14 SHORT HISTORY: Until October 1948, the official name was: Federation Internationaledes Techniciens Agronomes (FITA). Since 29 October 1948, it has become Confedera-tion Internationale des Ingenieurs et Techniciens de 1'Agriculture (CITA).

INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCEOF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMISTS (ICAE)

[CONFERENCE INTERNATIONALE DES ECONOMISTES AGRICOLES]

2 ADDRESS: Dartington Hall, Totnes, Devon, U.K. Telephone: Totnes 2117. Cable address:LEONEIM TOTNES.

3 NATURE: Non-governmental.

4 AIMS: To foster the development of the science of agricultural economics and to furtherthe application of the results of economic investigation, of agricultural processes, andof agricultural organization, in the improvement of economic and social conditionsrelating to agriculture and rural life.

5 GOVERNING BODIES: Council, Executive Committee, OFFICERS: President: Leonard K.Elmhirst (U.K.); Executive Vice-President: Prof. Edgar Thomas (U.K.); Secretary-Treasurer: J. R. Currie (U.K.).

6 MEMBERS: The majority of the members are professional agricultural economistsengaged in research, teaching or public administration, but membership is representativeas well of a wide range of agricultural and economic interests. Except for libraries,no official organization as such is encouraged to take out membership, which in themain is confined to individuals in their private capacities only. As of 1 March 1953the Conference had 469 members distributed among 40 National or Area Groups.

9 FINANCES: The Conference was at first mainly dependent for its financial supporton Dartington Hall. The financial dependence later decreased as the sale of publishedproceedings increased, and as the countries acting as hosts were able to meet an in-creased proportion of the preparatory expenses. Dues are limited to £2 (or its equivalent)per member for the period between two Conferences.

10 MEETINGS: Conferences every three years.

12 PUBLICATIONS : Proceedings of the Conferences. International Journal of Agrarian Affairs.

14 SHORT HISTORY: The inaugural meeting was in 1929, when 50 agricultural economistsfrom 11 countries met for two weeks at Dartington Hall, Totnes, U.K., to discusscommon problems. The Second Conference was held at Cornell University, U.S.A.,in 1930, with 300 members from 20 countries present. At this meeting, a formal con-stitution was drawn up and approved. Three succeeding Conferences were held inGermany, United Kingdom and Canada. The Sixth Conference, at Dartington Hallin 1947, the first to be held after World War II, was deliberately limited in size. It wasattended by 82 members from 23 countries. The Seventh Conference in 1949 at Stresa,

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Italy attracted 271 members from 25 countries. The Eighth Conference was held atMichigan State College, East Lansing, U.S.A., in August 1952, and was attended by340 members and visitors from 42 countries.

16 COMMENTS: The Ninth Conference will be held in August 1955, the site to be chosenlater.

INTERNATIONAL FEDERATIONOF AGRICULTURAL PRODUCERS (IFAP)

[FEDERATION INTERNATIONALE DES PRODUCTEURS AGRICOLES (FIPA)]

2 ADDRESS: 712, Jackson Place N.W., Washington 6, D.C., U.S.A. Telephone: Sterling4086. Cable address: IFAP WASHINGTON; and 1, rue d'Hauteville, Paris-lOe, France.Telephone: TAItbout 40-35.

3 NATURE: Non-governmental.

4 AIMS: To promote the well-being of all who obtain their livelihood from the Land andto assure to them the maintenance of adequate and stable remuneration; to exchangeinformation and ideas, to discuss problems of mutual interest and to develop under-standing of world problems and how they affect the agricultural primary producersof the world; to discover mutual interests among such organizations and to takeco-ordinated action to further such interests; to encourage, in any manner determinedby the Federation, efficiency of production processing and marketing of agriculturalcommodities; to confer -with, advise or assist, as the Federation may deem expedient,international organizations, such as the Food and Agriculture Organization of theUnited Nations, on any matters affecting the interests or welfare of agriculturalprimary producers; to take active steps to encourage the formation and support ofindependent organizations of agricultural producers throughout the world, eligiblefor membership of the Federation, and to promote their admission to such membershipso that the world-wide opinion of agricultural producers may be represented on thebroadest possible basis; to do anything, either alone or in concert with any otherpersons or organizations, conducive or incidental to any of the objects above mentionedin any part of the world.

5 GOVERNING BODIES : The Council, composed of delegates from each member organiza-tion. The Executive Committee, elected by the Council at each Ordinary General Meetingconsisting of the President and Vice-Presidents, and between five and seven delegates,and which is charged with the administration of the policies set down by the Council,the collection of subscriptions, etc. For the duration of each Ordinary General Meeting,it is provided that several committees shall be established: Constitution and Member-ship Committee, Policy Committee, Steering Committee, and such other Committeesas the Council may deem essential, OFFICERS: President: Pierre Martin (France);Vice-Presidents: A. B. Kline (U.S.A.), G. Rossouw (Union of South Africa), Count vanLynden van Sandenburg (Netherlands); Secretary-General: Andrew Cairns (Canada);Deputy Secretary-General: Roger Savary (France).

6 MEMBERS: Members in the following countries: Australia, Belgium, Burma (Union of),Canada, China, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, India, Ireland,Italy, Jamaica, Kenya, Luxembourg, Mexico, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway,Southern Rhodesia, Sweden, Switzerland, Union of South Africa, United Kingdom,United States of America.

7 COMMISSIONS : European Committee on European Economic Recovery (EER Committee):Chairman: J. Linthorst Homan (Netherlands).

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9 FINANCES: Contributions from member organizations. Budget for 1952-1953:U.S. $92,152.

10 MEETINGS: Ordinary General Meetings of the Council in principle annually.

11 VOTING: Where more than one organization in a country is admitted to membership,the vote is apportioned among them by mutual agreement. One vote per country.

12 PUBLICATIONS: IFAP News, monthly (English, French). World Farm News, monthly,for Press-Radio (English only). Annual Conference Reports and commodity and agri-cultural co-operation, etc. Reports (English, French).

13 RELATIONS WITH OTHER INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS : IFAP has consultative statuswith Ecosoc, ILO and FAO while its Committee on European Economic Recoveryhas consultative status with the Organization for European Economic Co-operation.The Federation also has official relations with ITO; and works in close co-operationwith several non-governmental organizations, including the European Confederationof Agriculture, and the World Federation of United Nations Associations.

14 SHORT HISTORY: The Federation was inaugurated at a Conference held in Londonin May 1946. Its First Annual General Meeting was held at Scheveningen, Netherlands,in 1947; Second, Paris 1948; Third, Guelph, Canada, 1949; Fourth, Saltsjobaden,Sweden, 1950; Fifth, Mexico City 1951.

16 COMMENTS: Sixth Annual General Meeting, Rome 1953.

INTERNATIONAL GRASSLAND CONGRESS (IGC)[CONGRES INTERNATIONAL DES PATURAGES]

2 ADDRESS: Room 1049, Department of State, 1778, Pennsylvania Avenue, N.W.,Washington 25, D.C., U.S.A. Telephone: REpublic 5600 Ext. 4726; 2295. *

3 NATURE: Semi-governmental.

4 Ants: To bring together the results of practical world research in the field of grasslandfarming in order to develop practical ways and means of expanding production fromgrasslands in general, in the best interests of farmers and consumers everywhere. Theultimate goal is to put science to work on existing and potential grasslands whereverthey may be. Attention is focused on grasslands for: (a) a more balanced agriculturaleconomy; (b) conservation of soil and water resources; (c) a more abundant productionof meat and h'vestock products.

5 GOVERNING BODIES: There is no consolidated governing body but the Association ismade up of interested scientists and technical leaders of the countries participating.The officials of the Congress work with the sponsoring agencies and co-operators indeveloping the programmes in the countries designated for holding the periodicalmeetings, OFFICERS: President: Philip V. Cardon (U.S.A.); Vice-Presidents: J. GriffithsDavies (Australia), Claudio A. Volio (Costa Rica); Secretary-General: Dr. Will M.Myers (U.S.A.).

6 MEMBERS: Members in the following countries: Australia, Austria, Belgium, Bolivia,Brazil, Canada, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Denmark, Dominican Republic,Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Honduras, India,Iran, Iraq, Israel, Italy, Japan, Jordan (Hashemite Kingdom of), Korea, Mexico,Netherlands, New Zealand, Nicaragua, Norway, Pakistan, Panama, Peru, Philippines,Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Thailand, Turkey, Union of South Africa,United Kingdom, United States of America, Uruguay, Venezuela, Yugoslavia.

9 FINANCES: Funds contributed by individuals and co-operating concerns. Host countryof each Congress sponsors and finances it.

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10 MEETINGS: Meetings are held usually every three years.

11 VOTING : In the general sessions each individual participant has a vote. In the ExecutiveCommittee each participating nation has a vote.

12 PUBLICATIONS: Publications issued in conjunction with the Congresses.

13 RELATIONS WITH OTHER INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS: The Sixth InternationalGrassland Congress 1952 was sponsored jointly by the Government of the U.S.A. andthe Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations with the co-operationof Federal Agencies, Land Grant Colleges and Universities, and co-operating organ-izations.

14 SHORT HISTORY: The IGC was first organized and held in Germany in 1927. The SecondCongress was held in Sweden and Denmark in 1930, the Third in Switzerland in 1934,the Fourth in the United Kingdom in 1937, the Fifth in the Netherlands in 1949, andthe Sixth in the United States of America in 1952. At the Sixth Congress, governmentsof more than 60 countries were invited to send official delegates. In addition to these,institutions and organizations interested in the Congress were also invited to participate.

15 BIBLIOGRAPHY: Official Proceedings of the Congresses held to date.

16 COMMENTS: The programme of the Sixth Congress included plenary sessions, sectionalmeetings and visits to experimental grassland work and grassland demonstrations.Official languages of the Congress were English, French and Spanish. Interpreters wereavailable for French, Spanish, German, Italian, and Yugoslav. Following the Congress,four tours were made to different geographic areas of the U.S.A. The Seventh Congresswill take place in New Zealand in 1956.

INTERNATIONAL INSTITUTE OF SUGAR-BEETRESEARCH

[INSTITUT INTERNATIONAL DE RECHERCHES BETTERAVIERES]

2 ADDRESS: 55, Rue du Moulin, Tirlemont, Belgium. Telephone: 82509. Cable address:INSTITUT BETTERAVIER TIRLEMONT.

3 NATURE: Non-governmental.

4 AIMS: TO promote the improvement of the cultivation of sugar-beet by bringing to-gether European experts concerned with this problem.

5 GOVERNING BODIES: OFFICERS: President: Dr. P.J. H. van Ginneken (Netherlands);Secretary-General: L. Decoux (Belgium); Members of the Administrative Board: J. Dela-croix (Belgium), J. de Roubaix (Belgium), V. Lund (Denmark), P. Dubois (France),J. Costello (Ireland), H. Rietberg (Netherlands), J. van Ginneken (Netherlands),J. Rasmusson (Sweden), F. Rayns (U.K.), L. Stahli (Switzerland), Dona delle Rose(Italy), D. R. Ramon Esteruelas (Spain), H. Liidecke (German Federal Republic),J. Dedek.

6 MEMBERS: Individual members: Austria 1; Belgium 29; Canada 1; Czechoslovakia 6;Denmark 6; France 56; German Federal Republic 5; Ireland 14; Israel 1; Italy 5; Nether-lands 12; People's Republic of Germany 1; Poland 5; Spain 3; Sweden 7; Switzerland 2;Turkey 1; United Kingdom 37; United States of America 11; Yugoslavia 1.

10 MEETINGS: Annual Assembly at Brussels and a summer tour.

12 PUBLICATIONS: Proceedings of the International Institute of Sugar-beet Researches,published once a year, circulation restricted to members. Notices and periodicals formembers.

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INTERNATIONAL OFFICE OF EPIZOOTICS (IOE)[OFFICE INTERNATIONAL DES fiPIZOOTIES (OIE)]

2 ADDRESS: 12, rue de Prony, Paris-17e, France. Telephone: CARnot 45-74. Cable address:INTER EPIZOOTIES PARIS.

3 NATURE: Intergovernmental.

4 AIMS: (a) To manage and co-ordinate all research or experiments in the field of patho-logy or prophylaxis of infectious diseases of animals, for which international colla-boration is necessary; (b) to collect and bring to the attention of Governments andtheir sanitary services facts and documents of general interest concerning epizootic dis-eases and means of fighting them; (c) to initiate draft international agreements re-garding control regulations and to put at the disposal of Governments signatories ofthese agreements the means of controlling their execution.

5 GOVERNING BODIES : A Committee composed of one permanent representative for eachmember country. This Committee elects by secret ballot the President and Vice-President of the Office for a term of three years, OFFICERS : President: Prof. I. Altara(Italy); Vice-President: Dr. R. Duhaut (Belgium); Director: Prof. G. Ramon (France).The Director of the Office is appointed by the Committee.

6 MEMBERS: Albania, Argentina, Australia, Austria, Belgium, Belgian Congo, Brazil,Bulgaria, Cambodia, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, Egypt, Finland, France, French Equa-torial Africa, French Somaliland, French West Africa, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iraq,Ireland, Israel, Italy, Japan, Laos, Lebanon, Luxembourg, Madagascar, Mexico, Morocco,Mozambique, Netherlands, New Caledonia, New Zealand, Norway, Pakistan, Peru,Poland, Portugal and Colonies, Rumania, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Thailand,Tunisia, Turkey, Union of South Africa, Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, UnitedKingdom, Uruguay, Venezuela, Viet-Nam, Yugoslavia.

9 FINANCES: The Office is financed by prescribed contributions from member govern-ments.

10 MEETINGS: The Committee meets at least once a year.

12 PUBLICATIONS: Scientific and Technical Bulletin, and Statistical Bulletin (monthly).

13 RELATIONS WITH OTHER INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS : Agreement with FAO, 'Noteof Understanding' concluded in September 1947; relations with WHO.

14 SHORT HISTORY: Following upon an outbreak of rinderpest in Europe in 1920, an inter-national conference to discuss the control of contagious diseases of animals was heldin Paris in 1921. As a result of this conference, an international convention for theestablishment of the International Office of Epizootics was concluded at Paris in 1924.The Office was not actually set up until 1927 by which time 29 countries had acceptedthe convention of 1924.

INTERNATIONAL POPLAR COMMISSION[COMMISSION INTERNATIONALE DU PEUPLIER (CIP)]

2 ADDRESS: C/O Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Viale delleTerme di Caracalla, Rome, Italy. Telephone: 590211; 590011; 599071, Ext. 572. Cableaddress: FONTAINE FOODAGRI ROMA.

3 NATURE: Intergovernmental .

4 AIMS : The function of the Commission is to organize international study of the problemsrelated to poplar cultivation and utilization. Owing to the present demand for timber

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and pulpwood, great reliance is placed on fast-growing species and poplars can fulfilthis need in many parts of the world. Its easy propagation by cuttings makes it one ofthe most suitable trees to be intercropped in small agricultural holdings and to be usedalong roads and waterways for wind-breaks, shelterbelts and other related uses.

Amongst its activities the Commission is concerned with standard identificationforms for poplar species and varieties; nomenclature; testing of poplar timbers; ex-change of types between countries; hybridization; pests and diseases; culture tech-niques; utilization techniques for plywood, veneers, matches, wood pulp, fibreboards,sawn wood and boxboards.

5 GOVERNING BODIES: Permanent Executive Committee consisting of the Chairman andVice-Chairman of the Commission and six members. Members are elected for a term ofthree years and a third of them are renewed each year, OFFICERS: Chairman: PhilibertGuinier (France, 1954); Vice-Chairman: G. Houtzagers (Netherlands, 1954); Members:A. Herbignat (Belgium), G. Giordano (Italy), G. Piccarolo (Italy), J. Pourtet (France),R. Regnier (France), T. R. Peace (U.K..); Secretary: R. G. Fontaine (FAO).

6 MEMBERS: Austria, Belgium, France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Netherlands, Spain,Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, United Kingdom. Poland and Czechoslovakia, whichattended the Constituent Assembly, have not formally joined the Commission. Eachmember country has set up a national Poplar Commission which is generally a sub-committee of the FAO National Committee.

7 COMMISSIONS: Working Group on the Utilization of Poplar Wood: Chairman: G. Giordano(Italy). Working Party on the Exchange of Plants and Cuttings from the Plant ProtectionStandpoint.

9 FINANCES : The expenses of the Secretariat are borne by FAO. National Commissionssometimes have their own budget. The expenses of the annual meeting of the Com-mission are defrayed by the inviting country.

10 MEETINGS: An International Poplar Congress is organized every second or third year.The International Commission meets in spring every year and the Permanent Committeeonce or twice a year.

11 VOTING: By country.

12 PUBLICATIONS: Annual Reports, distributed free of charge to members and interestedexperts.

13 RELATIONS WITH OTHER INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS: The Commission maintainsrelations with FAO, the International Union of Forest Research Organizations, and theMechanical Wood Technology Panel of FAO.

14 SHORT HISTORY: The International Poplar Commission was set up in Paris under theauspices of FAO in April 1947. Its constitution was approved at the second meeting inVenice in April 1948. The Third International Poplar Congress organized at the sametime as the Third Session of the International Poplar Commission was held in Belgiumand the Netherlands in April 1949. The Fourth Session of the Commission was held inGeneva in April 1950, while the Fifth Session and the Fourth Congress took place inthe United Kingdom in April-May 1951. The Sixth Session of the Commission was heldin Rome in May 1952.

15 BIBLIOGRAPHY: Documents FAO/CIP/1-61.

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INTERNATIONAL RED LOCUST CONTROL SERVICE[CONSEIL INTERNATIONAL DE SURVEILLANCE DU CRIQUET NOMADE]

2 ADDRESS : P. O. Box 37, Abercorn, Northern Rhodesia. Cable address: LOCUST ABERCORNRHOD.

3 NATURE: Intergovernmental.

4 AIMS : To carry out research on the Red Locust and to decide on and carry out adequatemethods of combat in the outbreak areas of the species.

5 GOVERNING BODIES: Council, consisting of a Chairman, the Director of the Service andfive members, OFFICERS: Director: D. L. Gunn, D.Sc. (U.K.); Administrative Officer:H. A. Watmore, C.M.G. (U.K.).

6 MEMBERS: Belgian Congo, Ruanda Urundi; British Colonial Governments: Kenya,Uganda, Tanganyika, Northern Rhodesia, Nyasaland; High Commission Territories:Southern Rhodesia, Union of South Africa; Portuguese Territories: Angola, Mozam-bique.

8 FACILITIES : Headquarters offices at Abercorn, with office-laboratories for the scientificstaff and with small herbarium, insect collection and library.

9 FINANCES: Voted annually by Member Governments; approximately £200,000 perannum.

10 MEETINGS: Annual.

11 VOTING: The provisions regarding voting are stated in the Convention; voting power isproportional to subscriptions to funds which are 12 per cent Southern Rhodesia,16 per cent Belgian Congo, 8 per cent Ruanda Urundi, 28 per cent Union of South Africaand 36 per cent British Colonies.

12 PUBLICATIONS: In Scientific Journals only.

14 SHORT HISTORY: Founded in a very small way in 1940 by British and Belgian CongoGovernments. Incorporated by International Convention dated 1949 and signed byBritish, Belgian, Southern Rhodesian, Union of South African Governments. Sub-sequently adhered to by Portugal, thus including all territories south of the Equatorexcept the French, which is not concerned.

15 BIBLIOGRAPHY: B. P. Uvarov, Locust Research and Control, 1920-50, London, 1951.H.M.S.O. Col. Res. Publ. No. 10, IV + 67 pp., 3 maps. 'The Red Locust', Journalof the Royal Society of Arts, London, 7 March 1952, vol. 100, pp. 261-84. InternationalConvention for the Permanent Control of Outbreak Areas of the Red Locust. H.M.S.O.London, Cmd. 7650. Misc. No. 2, 1949.

INTERNATIONAL RICE COMMISSION (IRC)[COMMISSION INTERNATIONALE DU RIZ]

2 ADDRESS: C/O Far Eastern Regional Office of FAO, Bangkok, Thailand. Telephone:22408-9. Cable address: FOODAGRI BANGKOK.

3 NATURE: Intergovernmental.

4 AIMS: (a) To formulate and to keep the scientific, technical and economic problemsinvolved in the production, conservation, internal distribution and consumption ofrice; (b) to promote and co-ordinate research into these problems and apply the resultsof such research to the development and adoption of improved methods in everyday

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practice; (c) to encourage and assist in the mobilization and use of scientifically andtechnically trained persons in such a way as to secure the greatest common benefit tomember countries in matters relating to the production, conservation, internal distri-bution and consumption of rice; (d) to undertake, where necessary and appropriate,co-operative projects directed toward the solution of common problems; (e) to assemble,collect and disseminate, through FAO publications and otherwise, information relatingto production, conservation, internal distribution and consumption of rice; (f) to estab-lish such committees and call such meetings of experts as the Commission may con-sider desirable for the performance of its functions; (g) to recommend to membergovernments, through FAO, such national and international action as may appearto the Commission necessary or desirable for the solution of problems; (h) to recommendto FAO the provision of technical assistance to Member Governments; (i) to extend itsgood offices in assisting Member Governments to secure materials and equipmentnecessary for improvement of the production, conservation, internal distribution andconsumption of rice; (j) to report annually on its activities to the Council of FAO andto make such other reports to FAO on matters relating to the production, conservation,internal distribution and consumption of rice as the Commission itself may considerexpedient or the Council of FAO may require.

5 GOVERNING BODIES: OFFICERS: A Chairman and two Vice-Chairmen are elected fromamong the delegates to serve a period of two years. The Director-General of FAOappoints the Executive Secretary from the staff of the Far-Eastern Regional Office.

6 MEMBERS : Members of the Commission shall be such of the Member Governments ofFAO as may accept the Constitution. As of 1 July 1952, the governments of the follow-ing States accepted the Constitution: Burma (Union of), Ceylon, China, Cambodia,Cuba, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, France, India, Indonesia, Italy, Mexico,Netherlands, Pakistan, Paraguay, Philippines, Thailand, United Kingdom, UnitedStates of America, Viet-Nam.

7 COMMISSIONS : The Commission has two Working Parties: Working Party on Rice Breed-ing and Working Party on Fertilizers. They meet annually.

9 FINANCES: Expenses incurred by delegates and their alternates, experts, and advisersin attending meetings of the Commission, and expenses of experts incurred under (f)of the functions of the Commission, are paid by their respective governments. Theexpenses of the secretariat, and any expenses incurred by the Chairman of the Com-mission in performing duties connected with its work in intervals between meetingsof the Commission, are paid by FAO, within the limits of the annual budget of theOrganization. Expenses incurred by the Commission in undertaking any co-operativeproject in accordance with paragraph (d) of the functions of the Commission shall,unless they are met by FAO or from any other source, be paid by Member Governmentsin such manner and proportions as they may mutually agree.

10 MEETINGS: The Chairman is to call a meeting of the Commission every two years,unless otherwise directed by the majority of theMember Governments of theCommission.

11 VOTING: Each Member Government has one vote.

12 PUBLICATIONS: The following reports of the Commission and the two Working Partieshave been published: I. Reports of the Commission: (1) Report of the First Session,Bangkok, 7-16 March 1949. (2) Report of the Second Session, Rangoon, 6-11 February1950. (3) Report of the Third Session, Bandung, Indonesia, 12-16 May 1952. II. Reportsof the two Working Parties: (1) Report of the First Meeting of the Rice Breeders' Work-ing Party. Reprinted from the Report of the Second Session of the Commission, held inRangoon, February 1950. (2) Report of the First Meeting of the Working Party onFertilizers, Bogor, Indonesia, April 1951. FAO Development Paper No. 11. (3) Reportof the Second Meeting of the Working Party on Rice Breeding, Bogor, Indonesia, April1951. FAO Development Paper No. 14. The Commission publishes a quarterly NewsLetter, beginning from 1952.

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13 RELATIONS WITH OTHER INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS : Official relations with FAO.

14 SHORT HISTORY: The International Rice Commission which owes its origin to the FAOSponsored Rice Study Group and the Rice Meeting held in 1947 and 1948 in India andthe Philippines respectively, came into existence in March 1949 when the first sessionof the Commission was held in Bangkok, Thailand. At the Second Session, which tookplace in Rangoon, Burma in February 1950, it was decided to hold the Commission'smeeting biannually. At this session, the Co-operative Rice Hybridization Project wasinitiated, with 10 of the rice producing countries of South and East Asia participatingin it. The first meeting of the Working Party on Rice Breeding took place in Rangoon,prior to the second session of the Commission. In April 1951, the second meeting of theWorking Party on Rice Breeding and the first meeting of the Working Party on Ferti-lizers took place in Bogor, Indonesia. The Third Session of the Commission took placein Bandung, Indonesia in May 1952, with the two Working Parties meeting simul-taneously in the same place before the Session. At this Session, the Constitution andRules of Procedure of the Commission were amended. Two International TrainingCentres, one on fertility problems of rice soils and the other on rice breeding are beingestablished in India, under the Expanded Technical Assistance Programme, in re-sponse to the recommendations of the two Working Parties at their meetings in Bogor,Indonesia in 1951. A Liaison Officer has been appointed by FAO for the co-operativerice breeding programme in South-East Asia, also under the Expanded TechnicalAssistance Programme.

16 COMMENTS: The next meetings of the two Working Parties will take place in Malaya in1953, while the Fourth Session of the Commission and the 1954 meetings of the twoWorking Parties will take place in Japan.

INTERNATIONAL SEED TESTING ASSOCIATION(ISTA)

[ASSOCIATION INTERNATIONALE D'ESSAIS DE SEMENCES]

2 ADDRESS: Hon. Secretary-Treasurer: Chr. Stahl, Director, The Danish Seed TestingStation. Thorvaldsensvej 57, Copenhagen V, Denmark.

3 NATURE: Semi-governmental.

4 AIMS: To further all matters connected with accurate and uniform methods in testingand evaluating seeds in order to facilitate efficiency in production, processing, distri-bution and utilization of seeds to be used for sowing.

5 GOVERNING BODIES: The Executive Committee. OFFICERS: President: Dr. H.A. Lafferty(Ireland); Vice-Presidents: W.A. Davidson (U.S.A.), vacant; Honorary Secretary-Treasurer: Chr. Stahl (Denmark); Ordinary Members: Dr. C. W. Leggatt (Canada),E. Frey (Switzerland), Dr. E. H. Toole (U.S.A.), A. S. Caster (U.S.A.), Dr. A. F. Schoorel,(Netherlands).

6 MEMBERS : Persons engaged in the science or practice of seed-testing or in the technicalcontrol of these activities who are accredited by their governments.

9 FINANCES: Since 1 January 1951, annual dues of £25 for first Official Seed TestingStation and £15 for each additional Official Station of a country.

10 MEETINGS: A Congress is held every three years.11 VOTING: One vote per country.12 PUBLICATIONS: Proceedings of the International Seed Testing Association, biannually.

Manual for the Determination of Seed-borne Diseases, 1938. Leitfaden zur Untersuchungdes Saatgutes auf seinen Gesundheitszustand.

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13 RELATIONS WITH OTHER INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS: Before World Wat II theAssociation co-operated with the International Institute of Agriculture.

14 SHORT HISTORY: The International Seed Testing Association originated in the EuropeanSeed Testing Association which was established in 1921 by informal agreement among16 European countries for the purpose of standardizing methods and terms of the analy-sis of seeds in international trade. The Association assumed its present title in 1924when it was broadened to include non-European countries. International Congresseshave been held in Copenhagen 1921, Cambridge 1924, Rome 1928, Wageningen 1931,Stockholm 1934, Zurich 1937, and Washington, D.C., 1950. A revised Constitution aswell as revised International Rules for Seed Testing were adopted at the WashingtonCongress.

16 COMMENTS: The Association has established contacts with the major official seedtesting stations in member countries, with scientists concerned with seed testing, andwith the seed trade. The next International Congress will take place in Dublin in 1953.

INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY OF SOIL SCIENCE(ISSS)

[SOCIETE INTERNATIONALE DE LA SCIENCE DU SOL]

2 ADDRESS: c/o Royal Tropical Institute, 63, Mauritskade, Amsterdam, Netherlands.Telephone: 52.600 Ext. 59.

3 NATURE: Non-governmental.

4 AIMS: TO promote and support development of Soil Science.5 GOVERNING BODIES : General Meeting of the Society; the Officers consisting of the Pre-

sident, the Vice-President, the Past-President and the Secretary-Treasurer; theExecutive Committee consisting of the Officers and the Chairmen of the Commissions(see 7 below); the Council consisting of the Executive Committee, representatives ofNational Societies and Honorary Members, OFFICERS (terms end 1954): President:Prof. Dr. R. Tavernier (Belgium); Vice-President: Dr. F. Jurion (Belgium); Past-President: Prof. Dr. C. H. Edelman (Netherlands); Acting Secretary-Treasurer: Prof.Dr. F. A. van Baren (Netherlands).

6 MEMBERS: AS of 1 October 1952, 870 members in the following countries: Australia,Austria, Belgium, Brazil, Canada, Ceylon, Chile, Costa Rica, Denmark, Egypt, Finland,France, Germany, Honduras, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Nether-lands, New Zealand, Norway, Pakistan, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey,Union of South Africa, United Kingdom, United States of America, Yugoslavia.

1 COMMISSIONS: I. Soi7 Physics: Chairman: Prof. Dr. S. Henin (France). II. Soil ChemistryChairman: Prof. Dr. H. Deuel (Switzerland). III. Soil Biology: Chairman: H.G.Thornton (U.K.). IV. SoU Fertility and Plant Nutrition: Chairman: Prof. F. Steenbjerg(Denmark). V. Soil Genesis and Classification: Chairman: Prof. J. Thorp (U.S.A.).VI. Soil Technology: Chairman: R. D. Hockensmith (U.S.A.). Committee on SalineSoils: Chairman: Dr. L. A. Richards (U.S.A.). International Nomenclature Committee:Acting Chairman: H. Greene (U.K.).

9 FINANCES: Membership fees, voluntary contributions, sale of Society's publications.

10 MEETINGS: International Congress every four years; Commission meetings every twoyears.

11 VOTING: Individual voting.

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12 PUBLICATIONS: Bulletin of the International Society of Soil Science, biannually (English,French). Transactions of Congresses, edited by organizing countries.

14 SHORT HISTORY: Founded in Rome, 19 May 1924, by the Fourth International Confer-ence of Pedology. The war caused the interruption of the work of the ISSS in 1939.The meeting held at Paris on 22 May 1947, and attended by representatives of theFrench, Netherlands, American, British and Palestinian Societies of Soil Science, andDr. D. J. Hissink, Acting President and Honorary General Secretary of the InternationalSociety of Soil Science, decided that at the Fourth International Congress of SoilScience, Amsterdam, July 1950, members of the Congress would meet to consider there-establishment of the Society, and that until then, no dues were to be paid to the ISSS,and no publications issued by the Society. This Congress revised the Rules of theSociety and decided the structure and composition of the Commissions.

A Soil Fertility Congress (Commissions II and IV) was held in Dublin in July 1952.

16 COMMENTS: The Fifth International Congress of Soil Science will take place from23 to 28 August 1954 at Leopoldville, Belgian Congo.

INTERNATIONAL STANDING COMMITTEEON PHYSIOLOGY AND PATHOLOGY OF ANIMAL

REPRODUCTION AND OF ARTIFICIALINSEMINATION

[COMITE INTERNATIONAL PERMANENT DE PHYSIOLOGIE ET PATHOLOGIE DE LA REPRODUCTIONANIMALE ET D'iNSfiMINATION ARTIFICIELLE]

2 ADDRESS: Secretary-General of the International Standing Committee: Prof. T. Bona-donna, Istituto Sperimentale Italiano 'L. Spallanzani', Via Monte Ortigara 35,Milan, Italy. Telephone: 576 527; 52 749. Secretary-General of the Second InternationalCongress: Prof. Ed. Sorensen, Bulowsvej 13, Copenhagen V, Denmark.

3 NATURE: Non-governmental.

4 AIMS: The organization of Congresses dealing with the biological, breeding and patho-logical problems of animal reproduction; the methodological and practical problems ofartificial insemination of animals; and the legislative and organizational problems ofartificial insemination and of animal reproduction.

5 GOVERNING BODIES: Permanent Committee consisting of 12 members: Dr. J. Anderson(Kenya), Prof. T. Bonadonna (Italy), Prof. L.E. Casida (U.S.A.). Prof. E. Garcia Mata(Argentina), Prof. R. Gotze (Germany), Prof. R. M. C. Gunn (Australia), Dr. J. Ham-mond (U.K.), Prof. N. Lagerlof (Sweden), Prof. G. Lesbouyries (France), Prof. S.H.McNutt (U.S.A.), Prof. Ed. Sorensen (Denmark), Dr. Th. Stegenga (Netherlands).Executive Committee. OFFICERS: President: Prof. N. Lagerlof; Vice-Presidents: Prof.Ed. Sorensen, Dr. Th. Stegenga; Member: Prof. J. Hammond; Secretary-General:Prof. T. Bonadonna.

9 FINANCES: Dues from the individual participants in the Congress. Second Congress:active members, 70 Danish kroner; associate members, 40 kroner.

10 MEETINGS: Congress every three or four years.

13 RELATIONS WITH OTHER INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS: The Committee maintainsrelations with FAO and other international organizations dealing with animal pro-duction and veterinary science.

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14 SHORT HISTORY: The First International Congress on Physiology and Pathology ofAnimal Reproduction and of Artificial Insemination was held from 23 to 30 June 1948at Milan. More than 600 delegates attended from 40 countries. The Second InternationalCongress was held from 7 to 11 July 1952 at Copenhagen. About 200 delegates attendedfrom 40 countries.

INTERNATIONAL UNION OF AGRICULTURALSCIENCES

[UNION INTERNATIONALE DES SCIENCES AGRONOMIQUES (VISA)]

2 ADDRESS: Temporarily: 18, rue de Bellechasse, Paris-7e, France. Telephone: INValides10-37.

3 NATURE: Non-governmental.

4 AIMS: Development of the agricultural science and techniques through internationalcooperation, in the fields of (a) natural environment (soil and climate); (b) plantproduction; (c) animal production by facilitating contacts among research workers,by exchange of information, and by serving as a co-ordinating agency.

5 GOVERNING BODIES : The General Assembly, which directs the programme of activities,under the supervision of a Bureau and an Executive Committee. The Union, still inprocess of organization, has only a provisional Bureau, OFFICERS: Chairman: Prof.Demolon (France); Secretary-General: Intendant General Millot (France).

6 MEMBERS: Belgium, France, Italy, Morocco, Spain, Switzerland.

9 FINANCES : The French National Committee of Agricultural Sciences has undertakento lend the necessary funds for the functioning of the provisional Bureau and of theUnion until the next General Assembly.

10 MEETINGS: The Ordinary General Assembly meets every three years. The Bureaumeets at least once a year.

11 VOTING: Individual vote in scientific matters; vote by country in administrativematters.

14 SHORT HISTORY: The provisional Bureau of the Union was constituted at a meetingof research workers convened by the French National Committee of AgriculturalSciences on 17 and 18 June 1949 in Paris, at Unesco House. The Union is still in theorganizational phase.

INTERNATIONAL UNIONOF FOREST RESEARCH ORGANIZATIONS

[UNION INTERNATIONALE DES INSTITUTS DE RECHERCHES FORESTlfcRES]

INTERNATIONALER VERBAND FORSTLICHER FORSCHUNGSANSTALTEN

2 ADDRESS: Tannenstrasse 11, Zurich 6, Switzerland. Secretariat: c/o Dr. I. T. Haig,FAO, Viale delle Terme di Caracalla, Rome, Italy. Telephone: 590211; 590011.

3 NATURE: Semi-governmental.

4 AIMS : To promote international co-operation in the various branches of forest research,by summoning regular meetings or congresses on forestry; by working, as far as possibleand expedient, for the introduction of uniform nomenclature and standardization

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of methods in forest research work; and by providing for the establishment of aninternational forestry bibliography.

5 GOVERNING BODIES : The Congress, composed of all the members, in which any personinvited may participate. The International Council, the highest authority in mattersof organization and management, composed of a representative of each country. ThePermanent Committee, the executive branch of the Union, consisting of a President,a Vice-President, and five to seven members. President: Prof. Dr. Hans Burger (Switzer-land); Vice-President: Dr. Aldo Pavari (Italy).

6 MEMBERS: Ordinary members: State-established forestry organizations, and privateorganizations engaged in forestry research. Associate members: individuals engagedin forestry research. The following countries were represented at the Tenth Congressof the Union, Zurich 1948: Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany(American and British Zones), Italy, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Spain, Sweden,Switzerland, United Kingdom. Also represented: FAO and Unesco.

7 COMMISSIONS: Eleven Research Sections: Bibliography (Leader: Prof. E. Saari, Fin-land); General Forest Influences (Leader: Prof. H. G. Champion, U.K.); Research onSite Factors (Leader: Prof, de Philippis, Italy); Study of Forest Plants (Leader: Prof.Syrach-Larsen, Denmark); Sylviculture (Leader: Prof. Leibundgut, Switzerland);Forest Protection (Leader: Dr. H. van Vloten, Netherlands); Study of Growth andYield (Leader: Prof. Y. Ilvessalo, Finland); Forestry Economics (Leader: Prof. L.Schaeffer, France); Operational Efficiency (Leader: Prof. U. Sundberg, Sweden);Mechanical Conversion (Leader: J. Compredon, France); Chemical Conversion (Leader:Prof. H. Mark, U.S.A.).

8 FACILITIES: Laboratory, a small library.

9 FINANCES: Annual budget of 5,000 Sw. fr. contributed by members. Annual fee is120 Sw. fr.

10 MEETINGS: Congress meets every three to five years.

12 PUBLICATIONS: Forest Bibliography, 1934 (English, French, German, Portuguese).Outlines for Permanent Sample Plot Investigations, Oxford 1936. Ore the Standardizationof Site Records, 1936. Publications on the work of the different committees, proceedingsof the Congresses, etc.

13 RELATIONS WITH OTHER INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS: Relations with FAO, a mem-ber of whose Secretariat is in charge of the Secretariat of the Union.

14 SHORT HISTORY: The Union was preceded by a Federation of Forestry Research Sta-tions, created at Badenweiler in 1891 which conducted several congresses. In 1929a Forestry Congress met in Stockholm, and the new Union was established. TheEleventh Congress will take place in Rome from end September to mid-October 1953.

INTERNATIONAL WINE OFFICE (IWO)[OFFICE INTERNATIONAL DU VIN (orv)]

2 ADDRESS: 11, rue Roquepine, Paris-8e, France. Telephone: ANJou 04-16.

3 NATURE: Intergovernmental.

4 AIMS: This specialized Organization, of a scientific, technical and economic nature,was constituted in 1924, and since then it has worked as a centre for meetings, docu-mentation and research on questions relating to the cultivation of the vine and theproduction and sale of its products and by-products, particularly wine. Its chiefobjects are: (a) to draw the attention of Member Governments to the most suitable

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steps for protecting the interests of the wine industry and developing the internationalwine market; (b) to submit to Governments any proposals which may ensure, in theinterests of both consumers and producers: the purity and genuineness of wines untilthey are sold to the consumer; the protection of appellations d'origine; the suppressionof misrepresentation and unfair competition; the adoption, in accordance with thelegislation of each country, of all measures likely to promote the trade in wine andother products and by-products of the vine; (c) to draw the attention of Governmentsto International Conventions which would be beneficial to them, such as those tendingto: (1) ensure uniformity in the presentation of the results of wine analysis; (2) studycomparatively the methods of analysis in use iu different countries, in order to establishtables of concordance; (3) ensure crop protection of vine plantations, etc.

5 GOVERNING BODIES: General Committee consisting of delegates of Member Countriesin formal plenary session, OFFICERS: Chairman: Baron P. Le Roy (France); Director:B. A. Samarakis (Greece).

6 MEMBERS: Austria, Bulgaria, Chile, Czechoslovakia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary,Italy, Luxembourg, Morocco, Netherlands, Portugal, Rumania, Spain, Switzerland,Tunisia, Turkey, Yugoslavia.

8 FACILITIES: Library of 2,500 volumes.

9 FINANCES: Contributions from governments of Member States. Maximum contri-bution: five subscription units.

10 MEETINGS: The meeting of Delegates of Member States constitutes the Committeewhich meets in Official Plenary Session at least once a year. Extraordinary sessionsmay be held at the request of one of the adhering Governments. On the other hand, Inter-national Congresses on the Vine and Wine, dealing with scientific, technical and economicmatters concerning the vine and wine, grapes, grape-juice and by-products of the vine,meet every three years. The last two International Congresses organized by the TWOwere the Third International Congress on Grapes, Grape-Juice and Wine, held atIstambul in October 1947, and the Sixth International Congress on the Vine and Wineheld at Athens in August 1950.

11 VOTING: According to the number of subscription units.

12 PUBLICATIONS : Monthly Bulletin of the IWO, containing official reports and scientific,technical, economic and literary contributions. Yearbook of the IWO. Various otherpublications and reprints of scientific, technical and economic reports. Proceedingsof the Congresses.

14 SHORT HISTORY: The International Wine Office was established by the InternationalConvention of 29 November 1924.

16 COMMENTS: The Seventh International Congress on the Vine and Wine will be heldin Italy in 1953.

INTERNATIONAL WOOL SECRETARIAT (IWS)[SECRETARIAT INTERNATIONAL POUR LA LAINE]

2 ADDRESS: Dorland House, 18-20 Regent Street, London, S.W.I., U.K. Telephone:Trafalgar 4651; 4658. Cable address: SANZASEC PICCY LONDON.

3 NATURE: Non-governmental.

4 AIMS: TO maintain and to develop the consumption of wool in the world marketsthrough economic and scientific research, publicity and education.

5 GOVERNING BODIES: OFFICERS: Chairman: E. M. Waterman (Australia); F. G. Roberts,O.B.E. (Executive Member for U.K.); R. G. Lund, M.B.E. (Member for New Zealand),L. F. Hartley (Member for Union of South Africa); Secretary: H. Ibbetson, F.C.I.S.(U.K.).

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6 MEMBERS : The Statutory Wool Boards of Australia, New Zealand and the Union ofSouth Africa.

12 PUBLICATIONS: The World Wool Digest, bimonthly; Wool Knowledge and Wool ScienceReview, quarterly, as well as numerous educational and informational news releasesand pamphlets.

14 SHORT HISTORY: The organization was formed in 1937 by what are now the StatutoryWool Boards of Australia, New Zealand and the Union of South Africa.

16 COMMENTS: The Secretariat has established branches in Belgium, Canada, Denmark,France, Germany, India, Italy, Netherlands, Norway, Pakistan, Sweden, Switzerland,United States of America.

PERMANENT COMMISSION OF THEINTERNATIONAL SERICULTURAL CONGRESSESINTERNATIONAL SERICULTURAL COMMISSION (ISC)

[COMMISSION PERMANENTE DES CONGRES SERICICOLES INTERNATIONAUX]

[COMMISSION SERICICOLE INTERNATIONALE (CSl)]

2 ADDRESS: Station de Recherches Sericicoles, 28, qpiai Boissier de Sauvages, Ales (Gard),France. Telephone: Ales 310.

3 NATURE: Semi-governmental.

4 AIMS : Realization of the resolutions of the Seventh International Sericultural Congressin the three domains: economic, technical and scientific. The action of the Commissionis directed to two essential aims: industrialization of Sericulture and mechanizationof Filature with the realization of adequate scientific works. The Commission constitutesan international Documentation Centre concerning Sericulture and publishes aninternational journal: Revue du Ver a Soie j Journal of Silkworm.

5 GOVERNING BODIES : In process of organization, OFFICERS : General Secretary and Directorof the Station de Recherches Sericicoles, Ales: Andre Schenk (France).

6 MEMBERS: Belgium, France, Iran, Lebanon, Spain. Prospective members: Greece,India, Italy, Japan, Turkey, United Kingdom.

8 FACILITIES : The International Sericultural Commission is free to dispose of the organi-zation as a whole constituted by the Ales Station de Recherches Sericicoles whichcarries on the general work programme of the Commission. The Station DocumentationCentre and Library are also at the disposal of the Commission.

9 FINANCES: There are two categories of subscription: (a) a scientific subscription basedon the populations of adhering countries: 5,000 Fr. fr. per million of inhabitants;(b) a technical and economic subscription based on the cocoon production.

12 PUBLICATIONS : Revue du Ver a Soie j Journal of Silkworm, bi-monthly internationalmonographic journal (all languages of the member countries, and Esperanto).

13 RELATIONS WITH OTHER INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS: I n Contact w i t h F A O .

14 SHORT HISTORY: The Commission was set up by the Seventh International Congressof Sericulture at Ales in 1948. It is in process of definitive organization.

15 BIBLIOGRAPHY: Yearbook of International Organizations 1951-1952, Union of Inter-national Associations, Brussels. Repertoires des Centres a"Etudes Publics ou Profession-nels a Competence Economique et Technique du Secretariat d'Etat aux Finances et auxAffaires Economiques, France. List of Inter-Governmental Organizations in the Economicand Social Fields, United Nations, New York.

16 COMMENTS: The date and place of the next Congress are under discussion.

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PERMANENT INTERNATIONAL BUREAUOF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY OF HUMAN

AND ANIMAL FOOD[BUREAU INTERNATIONAL PERMANENT DE CHIMIE ANALYTIQUE

POUR LES MATIERES DESTINEES A L'ALIMENTATION DE L'HOMME ET DES ANIMAUX]

2 ADDRESS: 18, avenue de Villars, Paris-7e, France. Telephone: SUFfren 31-85.

3 NATURE: Intergovernmental.

4 AIMS: Verification of all methods of analytical chemistry and, in general, of all scientificprocedures for determining the nature and quantity of the main constituents of foodfor human and animal consumption; comparison of the analytical methods used in thedifferent countries in order to see what common steps are taken for the prevention ofadulteration, and to facilitate international exchanges; enabling interested Statesto make field studies of the procedures or analytical methods recommended by theInternational Bureau of Analytical Chemistry.

5 GOVERNING BODIES: International Committee consisting of delegates of contractinggovernments, OFFICERS: Chairman: A. Saubidet (Argentina); Director-General: E.Durier (France); Deputy Director-General: H. F. Dupont (France); Director of theLaboratory: L. de Saint-Rat (France).

6 MEMBERS: Argentina, France, Greece, Hungary, Mexico, Portugal, Uruguay.

7 COMMISSIONS: Anti-Parasite Committee, 51, route de Frontenex, Geneva, Switzerland.

8 FACILITIES: Laboratory, library.

9 FINANCES: Contributions from Member States. Annual budget of 6,621,000 Fr. fr.

10 MEETINGS: The Committee meets at least once a year.

11 VOTING: One vote for each country.

12 PUBLICATIONS: Annales des Falsifications et des Fraudes, monthly. Publication beganin 1908, discontinued at No. 376 in May 1940 and resumed at No. 469 in January 1948.

13 RELATIONS WITH OTHER INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS: Relations with FAO and theInternational Commission of Agricultural Industries.

THE WORLD'S POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOCIATION[ASSOCIATION MONDIALE D'AVICULTURE SCIENTIFIQUE]

2 ADDRESS: c/o Major Ian Macdougall, O.B.E., Secretary and Assistant Treasurer,45 Bedford Square, London, W.C.I, U.K. In the U.S.A.: Dr. G.F. Heuser, Treasurerand Assistant Secretary, Rice Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, N.Y.

3 NATURE: Non-governmental.

4 AIMS: To facilitate in all possible ways the exchange of knowledge and experienceamong persons in all parts of the world who are contributing to the advancement ofthe various branches of the Poultry Industry by producing, breeding, hatching,marketing, teaching, research, observation, investigation, experiments, demonstration,organization or in any other constructive manner. To promote the extension of know-ledge in the above field by the encouragement of teaching, scientific research, practicalexperimentation, the collection and publication of statistics, the study of the economicsof the poultry business, the study of the problems of production and marketing, and

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in every other way possible. To disseminate knowledge pertaining to all branches ofthe Poultry Industry. To promote World's Poultry Congresses and to co-operate intheir organization with the governments of countries selected for these gatherings.

5 GOVERNING BODIES: Council composed of the Officers of the Association and suchnumber of individual members of the Association from each country represented in theAssociation, having five or more members, according to the following schedule: 5 to25 members, one member of Council; 26 to 50 members, two members of Council; foreach 50 members over the first 50 members, one additional member of Council as soonas one-half of a group of 50 has been reached. No country shall have more than 10 mem-bers of Council, OFFICERS: President: A. "Wiltzer (France); Honorary Past Presidents:A. Ghigi (Italy), W. A. Kock (Denmark), J. E. Rice (U.S.A.), W. D.Termohlen (U.S.A.);Vice-Presidents: R. Coles (U.K.), H. Engler (Switzerland), J. W. Kinghorne (U.S.A.),F. Lievens (Belgium), C. S. Th. Van Gink (Netherlands); Secretary and AssistantTreasurer: Major Ian Macdougall (U.K.); Treasurer and Assistant Secretary: G. F.Heuser (U.S.A.).

6 MEMBERS: Patrons: Australia: Commonwealth of Australia, Official Secretary, Austra-lia House, Strand, London, W.C.2, U.K.; Canada: Department of Agriculture, Ottawa;India: The Government of India, The High Commissioner for India, External Depart-ment, India House, Aldwych, London, W.C.2, U.K.; Iraq: Government of Iraq,Director General of Agriculture, Baghdad; Ireland: Department of Agriculture,The Secretary, Dublin; Pakistan: Ministry of Food and Agriculture, Karachi; Unionof South Africa: The Director, Union of South Africa, Government Supply Office,500 Fifth Avenue, New York 18, N.Y., U.S.A.; United Kingdom: Ministry of Agri-culture, 28-32 Chester Terrace, Regent's Park, London, N.W.I, U.K.; Departmentof Agriculture, St. Andrew's House, Edinburgh 1, Scotland; Ministry of Agriculture,The Secretary, Stormont, Belfast. Affiliations: 162 in nine countries. Individualmembers: 1,176 in 62 countries.

9 FINANCES: Memberships dues: U.S. $3 per annum or £1 which include Journal sub-scription.

10 MEETINGS : Regular meetings of the Council and of members of the Association are heldevery three years at the time of the World's Poultry Congress.

11 VOTING: The elections are carried out at the triennial meetings of the Association.

12 PUBLICATIONS: The World's Poultry Science Journal, official organ since 1945.

14 SHORT HISTORY: Founded in July 1912. Congresses: Netherlands 1921; Spain 1924;Canada 1927; United Kingdom 1930; Italy 1933; Germany 1936; United States ofAmerica 1939; Denmark 1948; France 1951. Next Congress (Tenth), Edinburgh,U.K., August 1954.

16 COMMENTS : Provision is now made in the Constitution of the Association for the for-mation of Branches. So far four Branches have been formed: United Kingdom, Nether-lands, Switzerland and Union of South Africa.

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REGIONAL ORGANIZATIONS

COFFEE COMMISSION OF THE INTER-AMERICANECONOMIC AND SOCIAL COUNCIL

[COMMISSION DU CAFE DU CONSEIL ECONOMIQUE ET SOCIAL INTERAMERICAIN]

2 ADDRESS: c/o Pan American Union, Washington 6, D.C., U.S.A.

3 NATURE: Intergovernmental.

4 AIMS: (a) To serve as the medium through which the American States may continueto strengthen practical co-operation on coffee, including the exchange of informationon coffee directly with the governmental and other coffee entities in the several States;(b) to recommend to the Inter-American Economic and Social Council measures fordealing with Inter-American and world coffee problems, including the holding ofspecialized Inter-American coffee conferences and the preparation of draft agendafor them; (c) to broaden and further the procedures for exchanging views in regardto Inter-American and world coffee problems; (d) to determine, in consultation withthe Secretary-General of the Organization of American States, the nature and distri-bution of reports to be prepared by the technical staff provided by the Organizationand (e) to report monthly to the Council regarding its activities.

6 MEMBERS: Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Sal-vador, Guatemala, Haiti, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Peru, United States of America,Venezuela.

14 SHORT HISTORY: On 30 September 1948, the Inter-American Coffee Agreement expired,and the Inter-American Coffee Board ceased to exist. The Inter-American Economicand Social Council has now established a Coffee Commission.

COMMONWEALTH AGRICULTURAL BUREAUX[SERVICES AGRICOLES DU COMMONWEALTH BRITANNIQUE]

2 ADDRESS: Farnham House, Farnham Royal, near Slough, Bucks., U.K. Telephone:Farnham Common 781 and 782.

3 NATURE: Intergovernmental.

4 AIMS : To act as an effective clearing house for the interchange of information of valueto research workers in the Agricultural Sciences and Forestry, throughout the variousparts of the Commonwealth.

5 GOVERNING BODIES: The Executive Council, composed of one representative of eachof the participating Governments, is the central agency which co-ordinates the workof the Commonwealth Agricultural Bureaux, OFFICERS: Chairman: J. E. Cummins,M.Sc.; Vice-Chairman: G. R. Bates, Ph.D.; Secretary: Sir Herbert Howard, INSTITUTES:Commonwealth Institute of Entomology: Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road,London, S.W.7; Director: W. J. Hall, C.M.G., M.C., D.Sc. Commonwealth MycologicalInstitute: Ferry Lane, Kew, Surrey; Director: S. P. Wiltshire, M.A., D.Sc. Common-wealth Institute of Biological Control: Science Buildings, Carling Avenue, Ottawa,Ontario, Canada; Director: W.R. Thompson, Ph.D., D.Sc, F.R.S. BUREAUX: Agri-cultural Parasitology (Helminthology): Institute of Agricultural Parasitology, WinchesFarm Drive, Hatfield Road, St.Albans, Herts.; Director: Prof. R. T. Leiper, C.M.G.,M.D., D.Sc, F.R.C.P. Animal Breeding and Genetics: Institute of Animal Genetics,University of Edinburgh, King's Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh 9; Director:J. P. Maule, M.A., A.I.C.T.A. Animal Health: Veterinary Laboratory, New Haw,

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Weybridge, Surrey; Director: W. A. Pool, M.R.C.V.S. Animal Nutrition: RowettResearch Institute, Bucksburn, Aberdeen; Director: Dr. I. Leitch, O.B.E., M.A., D.Sc.Dairy Science: National Institute for Research in Dairying, Shinfield, Reading;Director: A. W. Marsden, M.Sc, D.I.C., A.R.C.S., F.R.I.C. Forestry: Imperial ForestryInstitute, South Parks Road, Oxford; Director: F. C. Ford Robertson, B.Sc. Horti-culture and Plantation Crops: East Mailing Research Station, East Mailing, nearMaidstone, Kent; Director: D. Akenhead, O.B.E., M.A., B.Sc. Pastures and FieldCrops: Welsh Plant Breeding Station, Penglais, Aberystwyth, Wales; Director: A. G. G.Hill, B.A., Agr.B., B.Sc, A.R.C.Sc.I. Plant Breeding andGenetics: School of Agriculture,Cambridge; Director: P. S. Hudson, Ph.D. Soil Science: Rothamsted ExperimentalStation, Harpenden, Herts.; Director: G. V. Jacks, M.A., B.Sc.

6 MEMBERS: Australia, Canada, Ceylon, Colonial Territories (represented by ColonialOffice), India, New Zealand, Pakistan, Southern Rhodesia, Union of South Africa,United Kingdom. ASSOCIATES: Ireland, Anglo-Egyptian Sudan.

8 FACILITIES: Each Bureau is a centre of information primarily. As such its main functionis the publication of Abstract Journals; also technical communications and othermonographs on particular subjects. A Bureau also answers inquiries from Common-wealth and other countries.

9 FINANCES : Contributions from the participating countries. During the five-year periodbeginning 1952-53, annual budget is expected to be about £237,000.

12 PUBLICATIONS: Bulletin of Entomological Research, quarterly. Review of Applied Ento-mology (Series A. Agricultural), monthly. Review of Applied Entomology (Series B.Medical and Veterinary), monthly. Review of Applied Mycology, monthly. Helmintholo-gical Abstracts, five issues per volume. Animal Breeding Abstracts, quarterly. VeterinaryBulletin, monthly. Nutrition Abstracts and Reviews, quarterly. Dairy Science Abstracts,monthly. Forestry Abstracts, quarterly. Forest Products and Utilization (section 3 ofForestry Abstracts), quarterly. Horticultural Abstracts, quarterly. Herbage Abstracts,quarterly. Field Crop Abstracts, quarterly. Plant Breeding Abstracts, quarterly. Soilsand Fertilizers, six issues per year. Numerous special monographs (Technical Com-munications) are also published by the Commonwealth Agricultural Bureaux.

13 RELATIONS WITH OTHER INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS: Formal letters have beenexchanged with FAO concerning reciprocal representation at conferences and technicalmeetings. Relations are also maintained with Unesco and with the Organization forEuropean Economic Co-operation in Paris.

14 SHORT HISTORY: The Commonwealth Agricultural Bureaux (known as the ImperialAgricultural Bureaux at its foundation) were founded in November 1928 as a resultof the recommendations of the Imperial Agricultural Research Conference of 1927. On1 April 1929, the Executive Council came into being, and eight bureaux started workingthat year. Following the Ottawa Conference of 1932, the Imperial Committee on EconomicConsultation and Co-operation was formed. The Committee approved the organizationof the Bureaux and extended their work, so that from 1 October 1933, the Council wasentrusted with the supervision and administration of the Imperial Institute of Ento-mology and of the Imperial Mycological Institute. The British Commonwealth Scien-tific Conference of 1936 recommended the formation of two more bureaux, DairyScience and Forestry. In 1940 the Imperial Parasite Service, originally a branch of theImperial Institute of Entomology, moved to Canada, and in 1946 became the Common-wealth Bureau (now Institute) of Biological Control. Conferences to review the workof the organization were held in London in 1946 and 1950.

15 BIBLIOGRAPHY: Commonwealth Agricultural Bureaux, Twenty-second Annual Reportof the Executive Council, 1950-1951, London, H.M. Stationery Office, 1951. Conspectusof the Commonwealth Agricultural Bureaux, London, 1949. Commonwealth AgriculturalBureaux Review Conference, 1950, Report of Proceedings, London, H.M. StationeryOffice, 1951 (Cmd. 8167). Imperial Agricultural Bureaux Conference, 1946, Reportof Proceedings, London, H.M. Stationery Office, 1946 (Cmd. 6971).

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EUROPEAN ASSOCIATIONFOR ANIMAL PRODUCTION (EAAP)

[FEDERATION EUROPEENNE DE ZOOTECHNIE (FEZ)]

FEDERAZIONE EUROPEA DI ZOOTECNIA

. FEDERACWN EUROPEA DE ZOOTECNIA

EVROPAISCHE VEREINIGUNG FCR TIERZUCHT

2 ADDRESS: Via Quintino Sella 54, Rome, Italy. Telephone: 48 48 45.

3 NATURE: Non-governmental.

4 AIMS: The Federation was established in accordance with the decisions of the threeInternational Congresses for Animal Production of 1939, 1947 and 1949. It works inliaison with FAO. Its aims are to represent all technical and economic interests ofanimal production in Europe.

5 GOVERNING BODIES: Administrative Council, elected for six years, OFFICERS: President:Prof. A. M. Leroy (France, 1955); Vice-President: H.E. Ugo Sola (Italy, 1955); Mem-bers: Prof. Dr. I. W. Amschler (Austria, 1955), Lord W. Digby (U.K., 1958), H.G.A.Leignes-Bakhoven (Netherlands, 1955), Johs. Petersen-Dalum (Denmark, 1958),Prof. Dr. J. Schmidt (Germany, 1955); Honorary Member: Prof. Johs. Jespersen(Denmark, 1958); Auditors: Dr. W. Engeler (Switzerland, 1958), A. Montero (Spain,1955); Secretary: Dr. Kristof Kallay.

6 MEMBERS: 16 Organizations members: Austria: Bundesministerium fur Land- undForstwirtschaft; Belgium: Ministere de 1'Agriculture; Denmark: Statens Husdyrbrug-sudvalg; Finland: Sammenslutningen af Husdyrbrugsforeninger; France: AssociationFranc,aise de Zootechnie; Germany: Deutsche Gesellschaft fur Ziichtungskunde;Iran: Ministere de 1'Agriculture; Italy: Comitato Italiano della Federazione Europeadi Zootecnia; Israel: Ministry of Food and Agriculture; Luxembourg: Administrationdes Services Agricoles; Morocco: Direction de 1'Agriculture, du Commerce et desForets; Netherlands: Ned. Zootechnische Vereniging; Spain: Sindicato Nacional deGanaderia; Switzerland: Schweizerische Vereinigung fur Tierzucht; Tunisia: Directionde l'Agriculture; Yugoslavia: Institut Federal de Zootechnie.

7 COMMISSIONS: Animal Production Research Co-ordination: Chairman: R. Braconnier(France). Feeding of Domestic Animals: Chairman: Prof. E. Crasemann (Switzerland).Horse Production: Chairman: Dr. L. Rulot (Belgium). Cattle Production: Th.C. J. M.Tijssenbeek (Netherlands); Sheep and Goat Production: Chairman: Prof. BartoloMaymone (Italy); Porcine Production: Chairman: Prof. L. Lauridsen (Denmark).

9 FINANCES: Membership fees. Annual Budget: S^OO.OOO Italian lire.

10 MEETINGS : General Assembly every three years. Council once a year. Study meetingsonce a year. International Congress on Animal Production every three years.

11 VOTING: Each^member organization has^three votes.

12 PUBLICATIONS: Proceedings^ the study^meetings and of jtheVork of the"Commissions.

13 RELATIONS WITH OTHER INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS: Close collaboration]]with_FAOand the European Committee for Milk andJButter Control.

14 SHORT HISTORY: Created in Paris, 8 November 1949. First Study Meeting: Ghent,Belgium, 11-13 October 1950. Second Study Meeting: Utrecht, Netherlands, 16-21 July1951. Sixth International Congress on Animal Production: Copenhagen, 9-14 July 1951.

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EUROPEAN BREWERY CONVENTION (EBC)[CONVENTION EUROPEENNE DE LA. BRASSERIE]1

2 ADDRESS: P.O. Box 455, Crooswijksesingel 50, Rotterdam, Netherlands. Telephone:11 45 00. Cable address: BRACONTI ROTTERDAM.

3 NATURE: Non-governmental.

4 AIMS: Co-ordination and initiation of scientific research in the field of the malting andbrewing industries.

5 GOVERNING BODIES : General Assembly; Council, made up of one representative of eachcountry having one or more members. A President and Vice-President are chosen bythe Council from among its members, and a Secretary-Treasurer is also chosen, whoneed not necessarily be a Council member. The Council fixes the scientific programmeof the organization, decides on the admission or the exclusion of members, organizescongresses, fixes contributions, etc. OFFICERS: President: Ph. Kreiss (France); Secre-tary: Dr. F. Mendlik (Netherlands); Members of the Council: Prof. J. De Clerck, J.Segard (Belgium), Dr. M. v. Mautner-Markhof, Prof. Dr. A. Szilvinyi (Austria), H. Fogh.N. Steenberg (Denmark), I. F. Hornborg (Finland), P. Bergal (France), H. Pfuelf,Prof. Dr. B. Drews (Germany), B.D. Hartong, J. A. Emmens (Netherlands), A. Ringnes,H. Kringstad (Norway), P. Wuhrer, Dr. M. Luciani (Italy), E. Olson, Prof. Dr. H.Lundin (Sweden), Dr. H. Hurlimann, Dr. K. Schoelhorn (Switzerland), B. M. Brown,N. B. Smiley (U.K.).

6 MEMBERS : Corporate bodies having their principal activities in the brewing and maltingindustries are eligible for membership. At present, members are: Versuchsstation furdas Garungsgewerbe in Wien, Michaelerstrasse 25, Wien XVIII/110, Austria (date ofaffiliation: 1951); Centre Technique et Scientifique de la Brasserie, de la Malterie etdes Industries connexes CBM, 85, boulevard Emile Jacqmain, Brussels, Belgium (1949);Bryggeriforeningen, Frederiksbergade 11, Copenhagen, Denmark (1947); Panimoteol-lisuusliitto, Vironk. 6, Helsinki, Finland (1949); Union Generate des Syndicats de laBrasserie Franc,aise, 25, boulevard Malesherbes, Paris-8e, France (1947); DeutscherBrauer-Bund e.V., Baumschul-Allee 10, Bonn, Germany (1951); Unione Italiana,Fabbricanti Birra e Malto, Via della Spiga 22, Milan, Italy (1951); Centraal BrouwerijKantoor, Herengracht 282, Amsterdam C, Netherlands (1947); Den Norske Bryggeri-foreningen, Josefinegate 33, Oslo, Norway (1947); Svenska Bryggareforeningen,Kungsgatan 19, Stockholm, Sweden (1947); Schweizerischer Bier-Brauer Verein,Bahnhofplatz 9, Zurich, Switzerland (1947); The Institute of Brewing, 33 ClargesStreet, London, W.I, United Kingdom (1947).

7 COMMISSIONS: Barley Committee: Chairman: Dr. H. v. Veldhuizen (Netherlands).Analysis Committee: Chairman: Dr. L.R. Bishop (U.K.).

9 FINANCES: Members contributions. The minimum annual dues are 250 Sw. fr. permember, although contributions from members of a single country are not to exceedone-fourth of the total contributions for any year. •

10 MEETINGS: Council meetings twice annually. International Congresses and GeneralMeetings once every two years.

11 VOTING: Each association has one vote.

12 PUBLICATIONS: Congress Proceedings only: Proceedings of the Congress in Scheveningen,Netherlands 1947; Proceedings of the Congress in Lucerne, Switzerland 1949; Proceed-ings of the Congress in Brighton, U.K. 1951.

14 SHORT HISTORY: The foundation of an international organization to co-ordinateresearch work in the malting and brewing fields was laid during preliminary meetings

1 No official title in French.

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which took place in Paris in 1946. The organization was provisionally named CentreContinental de Brasserie. The First International Congress was held in Scheveningenin June 1947. This Congress was financed by the Dutch Brewery Association. A Councilwas appointed which held its next meeting in Ghent, Belgium, on 29 and 30 September1947. At this meeting, the statutes were established and a budget for part of 1947 andfor 1948 agreed upon. A Board was also appointed. The provisional title of the organi-zation was replaced by the European Brewery Convention. Other meetings of theCouncil took place in Copenhagen, Denmark, on 22 April 1948, and in Paris on 15 No-vember 1948. The Second Congress was held in Lucerne, Switzerland, in June 1949.Council meetings were held in London on 2 November 1949, at Oslo on 20 June 1950,at Amsterdam on 23 January 1951, followed by the Third Congress at Brighton, U.K.,on 28 May 1951. Further Council meetings at Munich on 2 October 1951, and at Stock-holm on 20 May 1952.

16 COMMENTS : The Fourth International Congress, planned to take place from 17 to 24 May1953 at Nice, France.

EUROPEAN COMMISSION ON FORESTRYAND FOREST PRODUCTS (ECFFP)

[COMMISSION EUROPEENNE DES FORETS ET PRODUITS FORESTIERS (ECFFP)]

2 ADDRESS : c/o Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Viale delleTerme di Caracalla, Rome, Italy. Telephone: 590211, 590011, 599071, Ext. 572. Cableaddress: FONTAINE FOODAGRI ROME.

3 NATURE: Intergovernmental.

4 AIMS: The Commission is concerned with long-term problems, including co-ordinationof national forest policies, increased production through better sylviculture, expansionof forest areas, and reduction of waste in timber cutting and use. As a continuingactivity the Commission reviews annual reports from European governments on nationalforest policies and on progress with afforestation and reforestation programmes.It recommends adjustments in policy, if necessary, in the light of the general Europeansituation. In this connexion FAO through the Commission and in co-operation withthe Economic Commission for Europe undertook a study of European timber trendsduring the past 50 years to discover the major factors that affect the production andconsumption of forest products. This study was examined by the Fifth Session of theCommission in 1952 as a basis for the formulation of realistic long-term forest policiesin Europe. Among technical problems with which the Commission is concerned arethe certification of origin and quality of seed; forest genetics; reporting and controlof pests and diseases; training of forest workers; efficiency in logging techniques;producing forestry films; improvement of forestry statistics; and control of torrentsand avalanches.

5 GOVERNING BODIES: OFFICERS: Chairman: O. J. Sangar (U.K., term expires in 1953);Vice-Chairman: E. A. Saari (Finland, 1953); Secretary: R. G. Fontaine (FAO).

6 MEMBERS: Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland,Israel, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,Turkey, United Kingdom, Yugoslavia. The Sixth Session of the FAO Conferenceproposed that Canada and the U.S.A. be invited to participate fully in all the Com-mission's activities and sessions.

7 COMMISSIONS: (a) Sub-Commission on Mediterranean Problems: Chairman: Aldo Pavari(Italy, 1954); Vice-Chairman: Gonzalez Vazquez (Spain, 1954); Secretary: R.G.Fontaine (FAO). (b) Permanent Working Party on Cork: Chairman: J. V. Natividade

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(Portugal); Secretary: R. G. Fontaine (FAO). (c) Working Group on Torrent Controland Protection from Avalanches: Chairman: J. Messines (France); Vice-Chairman:A. Schlatter (Switzerland); Secretary: T. Francois (FAO). (d) Pilot Committee onLogging Techniques and Training of Forest Workers: Chairman: H. G. Winkelmann(Switzerland); Vice-Chairman: M. Jalava (Finland); Secretary: P. Sartorius (FAO).(e) Working Party on the Delimitation of the Mediterranean Region: Chairman: M. A.de Philippis (Italy); Vice-Chairman: M. H. Gaussen (France).

9 FINANCES: The expenses of the Secretariat are borne by FAO.

10 MEETINGS: Annual sessions.

11 VOTING: By country.

12 PUBLICATIONS: Working papers and reports of the meetings are distributed free ofcharge to members and interested experts.

13 RELATIONS WITH OTHER INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS: The Commission maintainsrelations with the Economic Commission for Europe, the International Labour Office,the International Union of Forest Research Organizations, the International PoplarCommission, the International Union for the Protection of Nature and the InternationalBank for Reconstruction and Development.

14 SHORT HISTORY: The European Commission on Forestry and Forest Products wasorganized in 1948 in accordance with recommendations made at the Marianske LazneForestry Conference of 1947, later approved at the Third Session of the FAO Conference.The first three sessions were held in Geneva respectively in July 1948, September 1949,September 1950; the Fourth Session took place in Rome in October 1951 and theFifth in Geneva in October 1952.

15 BIBLIOGRAPHY: Documents FAO/EFC/1-50 for the European Commission on Forestryand Forest Products. Documents FAO/CEF/SCM/1-42 for the Sub-Commission onMediterranean Problems; including documentation for the Permanent WorkingParty on Cork and for the Working Party on the Delimitation of the MediterraneanRegion. Document FAO/EFC/TORR/1 for the Working Group on Torrent Controland Protection from Avalanches. Documents FAO/EFC/LOGG/1-8 for the PilotCommittee on Logging Techniques and Training of Forest Workers.

EUROPEAN CONFEDERATION OF AGRICULTURE(CEA)

[CONFEDERATION EUROPEENNE DE L'AGRICULTUKE (CEA)]

2 ADDRESS: Pestalozzistrasse 1, Bragg, Argovie, Switzerland. Telephone: (056)4 13 81.Cable address: CEA BRUGG.

3 NATURE: Non-governmental.

4 AIMS: To represent the interests of European agriculture at the international leveland to contribute towards the progress of agriculture from the technical, scientific,economic and social points of view.

5 GOVERNING BODIES: Executive Committee with generally one Vice-President for eachcountry, OFFICERS: Chairman: Comte Christian d'Andlau (France); Secretary-General:Dr. A. Borel (Switzerland); Honorary President: Prof. Dr. E. Laur (Switzerland).

6 MEMBERS: The present members include 237 associations and 65 advisory members in:Austria, Belgium, France, Finland, Germany, Greece, Israel, Italy, Lebanon, Luxem-bourg, Morocco, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Switzerland, Syria, Tunisia,Turkey.

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9 FINANCES: The annual unit of assessment is 250 Sw. fr.

10 MEETINGS: General Assemblies yearly. On this occasion meetings of the five SpecialCommittees of the Confederation.

11 VOTING: By show of hands. At special request, vote by associations; each MemberAssociation is entitled to one vote per unit of assessment paid.

12 PUBLICATIONS: Publications de la CEA, Numbers 1-6. Former title: Annales de laConfederation Internationale de I'Agriculture.

14 SHORT HISTORY: On 28 October 1948 the International Confederation of Agriculture(CIA) was transformed at Brugg, Switzerland into the European Confederation ofAgriculture (CEA). Its main work is carried out at its General Assemblies, the meetingsof the five Special Committees and the meetings of the Executive Committee.

EUROPEAN PLANT PROTECTION ORGANIZATION(EPPO)

[ORGANISATION EUROPEENNE POUR LA PROTECTION DES PLANTES (OEPP)]

2 ADDRESS : 14, rue Cardinal Merrier, Paris-9e, France. Telephone: TRInite 76-90. Cableaddress: PROTECPLANTES PARIS.

3 NATUHE: Intergovernmental.

4 AIMS : To advise Member Governments on the technical, administrative and legislativemeasures necessary to prevent the introduction and spread of pests and diseases ofplants and plant products; to assist them where necessary in carrying out such measures;and, where practicable, co-ordinate and stimulate international campaigns againstpests and diseases of plants and plant products; to obtain information from MemberGovernments on the existence, outbreak and spread of pests and diseases of plants andplant products, and convey such information to Member Governments; to providefor the exchange of information on national plant quarantine legislation, or othermeasures affecting the free movement of plants and plant products; to study the possi-bility of simplification and promote the unification of regulations and certificationprocedure in plant quarantine matters; to facilitate co-operation in research into allmatters concerning the pests and diseases of plants and plant products and the methodsof control and for the exchange of relevant scientific information; to establish archivesfor documents and publish in an appropriate form material for publicity purposes orfor technical or scientific advancement as may be determined by the Organization; tomake recommendations to Member Governments on any of the matters referred toabove and generally to take all necessary and appropriate action to achieve the pur-poses of the Organization.

5 GOVERNING BODIES: Council consisting of representatives of Member Governments;Executive Committee composed of the Chairman and Vice-Chairman and of five re-presentatives of Member Governments elected by the Council, OFFICERS: President:H. Van Orshoven (Belgium); Vice-President: R. Protin (France); Director-General'Dr. V. E. Wilkins (U.K.).

6 MEMBERS: Algeria, Austria, Belgium? Denmark, France, German Federal Republic,Greece, Guernsey, Ireland, Italy, Jersey, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Portugal, Spain,Switzerland, United Kingdom, Yugoslavia.

7 COMMISSIONS : Quarantine Working Party.

8 FACILITIES : A reporting service and a service for the exchange of information are main-tained. Certain filing have been made and distributed.

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9 FINANCES: Contributions of Member Governments. About £13,000 annually.

10 MEETINGS: The Council meets annually; the Executive Committee two or three timesa year; the technical Working Party approximately twice a year.

11 VOTING: Each Member Government has one vote in the Council. Normally decisionsare taken on a simple majority vote, but in certain cases a two-thirds majority is re-quired.

12 PUBLICATIONS: Convention for the Establishment of the European Plant ProtectionOrganization, 1951. Report of First Meeting of the Council, 1951. Progress Report 1949(Work of the International Colorado Beetle Committee), 1949. Progress Report 1950,1951. The Colorado Beetle in Europe in 1949, 1950. The Colorado Beetle in Europe in1950, 1951. The Colorado Beetle in Europe in 1951, 1952. Report of Quarantine WorkingParty, 1951. Technical Discussions at First Council Meeting, 1951. Report of the WorkingParty appointed to consider the danger to European countries of pests and diseases whichmight be introduced from outside, and to recommend appropriate preventive measures,1951. Drury: Hyphantria cunea: An Example of International Collaboration, 1952.

13 RELATIONS WITH OTHER INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS : The Organization is recognizedas the regional plant protection unit for Europe under the International Plant Pro-tection Convention of the FAO. Contact is maintained with other international organ-izations, such as OEEC.

14 SHORT HISTORY: The Organization was formally established by the Convention signedin Paris on 18,April 1951, and is the successor to the International Colorado BeetleCommittee which was formed in Brussels in 1948.

15 BIBLIOGRAPHY: Yearbook of International Organizations, Brussels. Vade-Mecum desprincipales Organisations internationales, C.E.A., Brugg, Switzerland.

INSTITUTE OF NUTRITIONOF CENTRAL AMERICA AND PANAMA (INCAP)

[INSTITUT DE NUTRITION DE L'AMERIQUE CENTRALE ET DE PANAMA]1

INSTITUTO DE NUTRICION DE CENTRO AMERICA Y PANAMA (INCAP)

2 ADDRESS: Avenida La Reforma, Jardin Botanico, Guatemala City, Guatemala, C.A.Telephone: 9824. Cable address: INCAP GUATEMALA.

3 NATURE: Intergovernmental.

4 AIMS: To study food and nutrition problems in the Central American countries; thework in nutrition shall include analysis of foods of local origin and studies on the stateof nutrition of the population.

5 GOVERNING BODIES : Directing Council consisting of representatives of the Ministry ofHealth of each member country, the W. K. Kellogg Foundation, and the Pan AmericanSanitary Bureau; the Pan American Sanitary Bureau (PASBJ (Regional Office for theAmericas of WHO) has direct administrative responsibility, OFFICERS: Director,INCAP and Chief, Nutrition Section of PASB: Dr. Nevin S. Scrimshaw (U.S.A.);Acting Assistant Director: Lie. Jose Mendez de la Vega (Guatemala); Chief, DirectingCouncil (1951-52): Dr. Oscar Vargas Mendez (Costa Rica); Director, Pan AmericanSanitary Bureau: Dr. Fred Soper (U.S.A.); Chairman, Technical Advisory Committee:Dr. William J. Darby (U.S.A.).

6 MEMBERS: Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Panama.

1 No official title in French.

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7 COMMISSIONS: Publications Committee: Chairman: Miguel Guzman (El Salvador). Acti-vities Committee: Chairman: Jesus Castro D. (Honduras).

8 FACILITIES: Food Analysis Section, Clinical Chemistry Section, Haematology-Para-sitology Section, Nutrition Education Section, Dietary Survey Section, Graphic ArtsService, Statistical Service, Library, Field Units in each member country.

9 FINANCES : The basic funds of the organization are derived from the member countries,but contributions for special investigative work are made from both private and inter-national sources. The W. K. Kellogg Foundation of Battle Creek, Michigan, has con-tributed funds for basic equipment and fellowship training of personnel.

10 MEETINGS: Directing Council and Technical Advisory Committee once a year.

12 PUBLICATIONS: Nutrition education material, pamphlets, Food Composition Table andscientific reports prepared on the results of the research programme.

13 RELATIONS WITH OTHER INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS: W i t h W H O through the P a nAmerican Sanitary Bureau (Regional Office of WHO), FAO, Unicef and Unesco.

14 SHORT HISTORY: The Instituto de Nutrition was inaugurated on 15 September 1949with three member countries: Guatemala, El Salvador and Honduras. Costa Ricajoined the project in 1950, and Panama in 1951.

16 COMMENTS: The Institute (a) has figures of the incidence of endemic goitre in the mem-ber countries; (b) has finished, revised and distributed the first Food CompositionTable in Central America for 300 foods; (c) is carrying out demonstration programmesof the value of vegetable proteins, Vitamin B12 and some antibiotics; (d) has initiatedtraining programmes in promoting growth in children on low animal protein diets;(e) encourages and supervises thesis work of University students on different problemsrelated to Nutrition.

INTER-AMERICAN CONFERENCEON PLANT HEALTH

[CONFERENCE INTERAMERICAINE POUR LA PROTECTION DES VEGETAUX]

CONFERENCIA INTERAMERICANA DE SANIDAD VEGETAL

2 ADDRESS: Ministerio de Agricultura, Buenos Aires, Argentina.

3 NATURE: Intergovernmental.

4 ATMS: To establish sanitary regulations for Inter-American commerce in agriculturalproducts; to advise on procedures to be adopted among countries which contain areasaffected temporarily or permanently by pests and diseases of agriculture; to providefacilities for the exchange of technical personnel and information, and to co-ordinatethe campaign against pests and plant diseases.

5 GOVERNING BODIES : Official delegates of the Member Countries.

6 MEMBERS: Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Paraguay, Uruguay.

14 SHORT HISTORY : A Convention providing for mutual aid in defence of agriculture wassigned at Montevideo, Uruguay in 1913. On 20-25 September 1948 the ArgentineGovernment organized a Conference in Buenos Aires for the purpose of regulating thecommerce between South American countries in agricultural products (plants, grain,fruits), and for effective co-operation in the campaign against pests and plant diseases.

15 BIBLIOGRAPHY: Conferencia Interamericana de Sanidad Vegetal, Ministerio de Agri-cultura, Republica Argentina, Buenos Aires, 1948, 32 pp.

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INTER-AMERICANINSTITUTE OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES

[INSTITUT INTERAMfiRICAIN DES SCIENCES AGRICOLES]

2 ADDRESS: Executive Headquarters: Pan American Union, Washington 6, D.C., U.S.A.Telephone: NAtional 6630. Field Headquarters: Turrialba, Costa Rica, C.A.

3 NATURE: Intergovernmental.

4 AIMS: To encourage and advance the development of agricultural sciences in the Ameri-can Republics through research, training and extension activities in the theory andpractice of agriculture and related arts and sciences.

5 GOVERNING BODIES : The representatives of the 21 American Republics on the Councilof the Organization of American States serve as members of the Institute and are con-sidered as members of the Board of Directors thereof. The Institute has a Director and aSecretary elected by the Board. Each contracting State may appoint an expert inthe field of agriculture to represent it in the Technical Advisory Council. In addition,it has an Administrative Committee consisting of up to eight members which is respon-sible, under the Board of Directors, for the Institute's general plan of development andthe scope of its activities, OFFICERS: Director: Ralph H. Allee (U.S.A.); Secretary:Jose I. Colom (U.S.A.).

6 MEMBERS: The 21 American Republics, represented by their delegates on the Councilof the Organization of American States.

7 COMMISSIONS : Headquarters for Research and Training: Turrialba, Costa Rica. ZonalCentres under Technical Co-operation Programme: Montevideo, Uruguay; Lima, Peru;Havana, Cuba. Rubber Sub-Station: Gatun Lake, Panama.

8 FACILITIES: A library of 12,000 volumes (including books and periodicals), specializingin the field of agriculture, is maintained in Turrialba for the use of staff, students andvisiting scientists.

9 FINANCES: The Institute is supported by quotas from member nations on the basisof U.S. $1 per 1,000 inhabitants. It receives private grants and donations for researchand educational purposes.

10 MEETINGS : The Board of Directors (Council of the Organization of American States)meets whenever necessary. It. meets jointly with the Administrative Committee inconnexion with the annual programme of work and to discuss and approve the budget.The Administrative Committee meets at least once a year.

11 VOTING: By country; decisions of the Board of Directors are adopted to a majority voteof its members. A majority of the members of the Institute constitute a quorum.

12 PUBLICATIONS: Annual Report (average circulation 3,000). Turrialba, a technicalquarterly journal (circulation 3,000). Information Bulletin (Spanish monthly, Englishquarterly, circulation 2,000 each). Cacao (circulation 1,500). Communicaciones deTurrialba (containing information prepared by technicians of the Institute in responseto specific requests). Reprint Series (formerly Technical Bulletins, average circulation3,000). Extension publications (recently started under Technical Co-operation Pro-gramme, Project 39, Organization of American States). Manuals and texts. Admini-stracion Rural, by John Hopkins.

13 RELATIONS WITH OTHER INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS: The Institute is a specialized

agency of the Organization of American States. It maintains relations of close co-operation with FAO, the Pan American Sanitary Organization, the Inter-AmericanStatistical Institute, the Pan American Institute of Geography and History, Unesco,and other international organizations.

14 SHORT HISTORY: Founded in 1944. Convention open for ratification.

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LATIN AMERICAN FORESTRY COMMISSION (LAFC)[COMMISSION FORESTIERE LATINO-AMERICAINE (CFLA)]

C0M1SI0N FORESTAL LATINO-AMERICANA (CFLA)

2 ADDRESS: Executive Secretariat: c/o FAO Regional Office, Rua Jardim Botanico 1008,Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Telephone: 27-6897. Cable address: POODAGRI Rio DE JANEIRO.

3 NATURE: Intergovernmental.

4 AIMS : To advise the Latin American Office of the Forestry Division of FAO and toensure that its work be brought to the notice of, and be implemented by, the Governmentsof the Latin American countries.

5 GOVERNING BODIES: OFFICERS: President: A. Tortorelli (Argentina, term expires 1954);Executive Secretary: Pierre Terver (France; Chief, Forestry Division, FAO LatinAmerican Office).

6 MEMBERS: All the Latin American Governments, France, Netherlands, United Kingdom,United States of America.

10 MEETINGS: Every two years.

12 PUBLICATIONS : Reports of the Commission Meetings.

14 SHORT HISTORY: The establishment of a FAO Latin American Forestry Commissionwas recommended by the Forestry Conference held in Teresopolis, Brazil, in April1948. This recommendation was approved at the Fourth Session of the FAO Con-ference. The initial meeting of the Commission, which is to deal, in its region, withsubject matter similar to that of the European Forestry Commission was held inMay 1949 in Rio de Janeiro. Further meetings have been held in Lima, December 1949;Santiago, December 1950; and Buenos Aires, June 1952.

PERMANENT INTER-AMERICANANTI-LOCUST COMMITTEE

[COMITE INTERAMERICAIN PERMANENT ANTIACRIDIEN (CD?A)]

COMITE INTERAMERICANO PERMANENTE ANTIACRIDIANO (CIPA)

2 ADDRESS: Paseo Colon 922, Buenos Aires, Argentina. Telephone: 33-7521 Ext. 639.

3 NATURE: Intergovernmental.

4 AIMS: TO promote Inter-American co-operation in combating locusts; to co-ordinateworking plans; to exchange information; to foster collaboration among personnel,and to make available supplies and materials.

5 GOVERNING BODIES : OFFICERS : The Committee is composed of the following technical

delegates: President: Juan R. Marchionatto (Argentina); Secretary: Julio G. de Soto(Uruguay); Members: Raul Perez Alcula (Bolivia), Jefferson Firth Rangel (Brazil),Berzelius Samaniego (Paraguay).

6 MEMBERS: Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay.

8 FACILITIES: Laboratorio Central de Acridiologia, Jose C. Paz, Provincia de BuenosAires, Argentina.

9 FINANCES: Annual subscription of U.S. $20,000 per country in national currency.

10 MEETINGS: The Committee meets once a month. There is a meeting of the adheringcountries every year.

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11 VOTING: By countries.

12 PUBLICATIONS: Information Bulletin.

14 SHORT HISTORY: The first convention for anti-locust campaigns among countrieswhich were parties to the International Conference for the Defence of Agriculture wassigned at Montevideo, Uruguay, in May 1913. At a later Conference held at Monte-video in 1934, a second convention was drafted. The 1913 and 1934 conventions werethe basis for an agreement signed in 1946, which is now in effect. The Committee isentrusted with the task of carrying out its provisions.

15 BIBLIOGRAPHY: Conferencia Internacional de Experlos en la Lucha contra la Langosla,Ministerio de Ganaderia y Agricultura, Montevideo 1946, 296 pp. Boletin Informativo(Nos. 1-75). Organization Interamericana de Lucha contra la Langosta, Ministerio deAgricultura, Buenos Aires 1948, 54 pp. Planes de trabajo del Comite InterarnericanoPermanente Antiacridiano, Ministerio de Agricultura, Buenos Aires 1948, 32 pp.Reunion anual del CIPA en Asuncion del Paraguay, 8 a 11 de Mayo de 1950. MemoriaV balance de los ejercicios 15 de Julu>-30 de diciembre de 1948,1° de enero-30 de diciembrede 1949; idem, 1° de enero-31 de diciembre de 1950; idem, 1° de enero-31 de diciembre de1951.

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B. ENGINEERING SCIENCES

FLAME RADIATION RESEARCH JOINT COMMITTEE[COMITfi INTERNATIONAL D'ETUDES SUR LE RAYONNEMENT DES FLAMMES (CIERF)]

2 ADDRESS: c/o Bisra, 140 Battersea Park Road, London, S.W.ll, U.K. Telephone:MACaulay 5511. c/o Prof. G. Ribaud, President, 62, rue de Courcelles, Paris-17e,France. Telephone: WAGram 66-51.

3 NATURE: Non-governmental.

4 AIMS : Large-scale industry (siderurgy, glass, cement, ceramics, etc.) utilizes importantquantities of energy for heating ovens and boilers by means of flames. Knowledge ofthe properties of flames should allow for substantial economy. The work of the Com-mittee is essentially the study of flames of industrial size with laboratory precision.It is carried out on an experimental oven of the Royal Netherlands Steel Works ofIjmuiden, specially conceived for flame radiation research.

5 GOVERNING BODD3S: Joint Directing Committee, OFFICERS : President: Prof. G. Ribaud(France); Members: Prof. O.A. Saunders (U.K.), M. W. Thring (U.K.), M. H. Malcor(France), Prof. J.E. de Graaf (Netherlands), L.A. Peletier (Netherlands), Prof. O.G.Hammar (Sweden), Prof. R. Sherman (U.S.A.); Secretary-General: P.A.H. Elliot (U.K.).

6 MEMBERS: Governmental or industrial organizations in: France, Netherlands, Sweden,United Kingdom, United States of America. National Committees have been formed in:France: Chairman: M.H. Malcor, Secretary: Dr. M. Michaud; Netherlands: Chairman:Prof. ir. J.E. de Graaf; Sweden: Chairman: Prof. O.G. Hammar; United Kingdom:Chairman: Prof. O.A. Saunders, Secretary: P.A.H. Elliot.

7 COMMISSIONS: Technical Advisory Committee (TAC): Chairman: Prof. G. Ribaud(France). Burner Panel: Chairman: M. Brunet (France). Furnace Panel: Chairman:G.W. van Stein Callenfels (Netherlands). Instrumentation Panel: Chairman: G.W.van Stein Callenfels (Netherlands). Editing Panel: Chairman: Prof. J. E. de Graaf(Netherlands).

8 FACILITIES : Experimental oven of Ijmuiden; Laboratories of the British Iron and SteelResearch Association and the Swindon Laboratories of the United Steel CompaniesLtd., U.K. Laboratoire du Gaz de France, Paris. Laboratory of the Dutch Shell Com-pany (Netherlands). Oven at Lindmark, Sweden.

9 FINANCES: The Research is financed by the National Committees, partly in cash,partly in kind. Contributions in kind consist either in putting material at the disposalof the Joint Committee or in sending engineers to the Netherlands during trial periods.The annual budget is about 30 million Fr. fr.

10 MEETINGS: The Directive Committee meets three times a year; National Committeesonce a year.

14 SHORT HISTORY: Committee founded in 1948 by France, Netherlands and UnitedKingdom. In 1950 Sweden adhered, in 1951 the Battelle Memorial Institute, U.S.A.joined the Committee. In 1949 the first experiments were carried out at Ijmuiden.

15 BIBLIOGRAPHY: Journal of the Institute of Fuel, Reports of the Trials at Ijmuiden,1949, November 1951, January 1952 (published in U.K.). Chaleur et Industrie, Resul-tats des Essais de 1949, Janvier, Fevrier, Mars, Juillet, Aout, Septembre, Novembre1951, Janvier, Juin, Juillet 1952, etc. (published in France).

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INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATIONFOR ASPHALT IN BUILDING CONSTRUCTION

[ASSOCIATION INTERNATIONALE DE L ' A S P H A L T E APPLIQUE A LA CONSTRUCTION]

2 ADDRESS: 9, rue Huysmans, Paris-6e, France. Telephone: LITcre 91-42.

3 NATURE: Non-governmental.

4 AIMS: (1) To prepare and organize International Congresses to study Asphalt in Build-ing Construction; (2) to serve as a link between national associations, contractors andproducer associations, research and information groups, as well as individuals with aview to: (a) co-ordinating the information already published on mastic asphalts andforming an international bureau of documentation, information and research; (b) under-taking study and research in accordance with the aims and resources of the Association;(c) facilitating by every possible means, conferences, lectures, exhibitions, publica-tions, etc., the propagation of knowledge relating to mastic asphalt; (d) assistingnational organizations with means of helping Architects and Engineers to solve theirwaterproofing problems.

5 GOVERNING BODIES: International Administrative Committee composed of one to fivemembers by country represented, who elect an Administrative Council as Bureau.OFFICERS: President: P. Holoffe (Belgium); Vice-Presidents: E. Claret (France),Nicholson (U.K.); Secretary-General: Prof. G. Varlan (France); Secretaries: P. J.Nichols (U.K.), Miss Sauerbier (Netherlands); Assessors: Prof. Dr. Rodel (Switzer-land), M. Balzano (Italy); Treasurer: Guldmann (Denmark).

6 MEMBERS: Belgium, Denmark, France, Germany, Italy, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal,Spain, Switzerland, United Kingdom, United States of America.

7 COMMISSIONS: Technical Committee: Chairman: Prof. G. Varlan (France).

9 FINANCES : The yearly resources of the Association consist of: (a) membership dues;(b) subventions; (c) revenue from securities; (d) reimbursement of sums advanced bythe Association on behalf of members or in pursuit of its aims.

10 MEETINGS: Administrative Committee meetings twice yearly. General Assembly andCongress every three years.

12 PUBLICATIONS: Technical Bulletin, twice a year. Proceedings of the Congresses.

14 SHORT HISTORY: The Association was created at the First Congress, Brussels, March1948.

16 COMMENTS: The next Congress will be held in the autumn of 1953, probably in Rome.

INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION FOR BRIDGEAND STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING (IABSE)

[ASSOCIATION INTERNATIONALE DES PONTS ET CHARPENTES (AIPC)]

INTERNATIONALE VEREINIGUNG Ft)R BRVCKENBAU UND HOCHBAU (IVBH)

2 ADDRESS: IABSE, Ecole Polytechnique Federate, Zurich, Switzerland. Telephone:(051) 32 73 30. Cable address: ACIERBETON ZUHICH.

3 NATURE: Non-governmental.

4 AIMS: To promote international collaboration between scientists, engineers and manu-facturers and to further the exchange of ideas, knowledge and the results of research

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work in the field of bridge and structural engineering in general, whether in steel,reinforced concrete or other materials.

5 GOVERNING BODIES : Permanent Committee, consisting of two delegates for each countrywith less than 51 members, four delegates for every country with less than 150, andsix delegates for those with more members (each collective member counts as two).The Permanent Committee elects an Executive Committee for two years, consisting ofa President, three Vice-Presidents, two Secretaries-General, four Technical Advisersand a Secretary, OFFICERS: (1951-1953): Presidents of Honour: Prof. Dr. A. Rohn(Switzerland), Prof. Dr. Ch. Andreae (Switzerland); President: Prof. Dr. F. Stiissi(Switzerland); Vice-Presidents: Prof. F. Campus (Belgium), Ewart S. Andrews (U.K.),L. Cambournac (France); Secretary-General: Prof. Dr. P. Lardy (Switzerland); Tech-nical Advisers: Prof. G. Wastlund (Sweden), Inspecteur General L. Grelot (France),Dr. E.E. Howard (U.S.A.), Prof. Dr. E. Torroja (Spain); Secretary: Miss L. Gretener(Switzerland).

6 MEMBERS: Individual and collective members; national groups have been formedin the following countries: Austria, Belgium, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, Finland,France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Japan, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal,Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, United Kingdom, United States of America,Yugoslavia. There are members in a great number of other countries.

9 FINANCES: Minimum subscription: 10 Sw.fr. for individual members and 50 Sw.fr.for collective members.

10 MEETINGS: Meetings of the Executive and Permanent Committees once a year. Inter-national Congress every four years.

12 PUBLICATIONS: For each Congress: Preliminary Publication and Final Report. Eachyear: a volume of technical reports and one number of the Bulletin.

14 SHORT HISTORY: The Association was founded in Zurich in 1929 after Congresses heldin Zurich (1926) and Vienna (1928) and has since organized the following Congresses:Paris 1932; Berlin-Munich 1936; Liege 1948; United Kingdom 1952.

INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATIONFOR HYDRAULIC RESEARCH (IAHR)

[ASSOCIATION INTERNATIONALE POUR RECHERCHES HYDRAULIQUES (AIRH)]

2 ADDRESS: Waterloopkundig Laboratorium, Raam 61, Delft, Netherlands. Telephone:1398.

3 NATURE: Non-governmental.

4 AIMS : To promote international collaboration among specialists concerned with hydrau-lic research and to enable them to exchange their views, experience and knowledge.

5 GOVERNING BODIES : Standing Committee, consisting of at least eight members: a Chair-man, two Vice-Chairmen, a Secretary, the former Chairman, and at least three othermembers. The Chairman and two Vice-Chairmen must not live in the same country,and the Standing Committee should not include more than two members of the samenationality. The Standing Committee is elected by the meeting of the Association'smembers (held at intervals of two to four years). Members of the Standing Committeeare eligible for re-election; however, at least two new members must be appointed ateach election, OFFICERS: Chairman: L. G. Straub (U.S.A.); Honorary Chairman (formerChairman): W. Fellenius (Sweden); Vice-Chairmen: E. Meyer-Peter (Switzerland),A. N. Khosla (India); Secretary: J. Th. Thijsse (Netherlands); Members: P. Danel(France), G. de Marchi (Italy), Sir Claude Inglis (U.K.), B. Hellstrom (Sweden),M. Bayer (Czechoslovakia).

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6 MEMBERS: Individual and corporative members in the following countries: Argentina,Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, China, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, Finland,France, Hungary, India, Indonesia, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Netherlands, New Zealand,Norway, Pakistan, Poland, Portugal, Rumania, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey,Union of South Africa, United Kingdom, United States of America, Venezuela. Thereare no national committees.

8 FACILITIES: Directory of documentary films.9 FINANCES: Subscriptions from individual and corporative members fixed by the

Association's Statutes (the present annual subscription amounts to U.S.$5 and$25 respectively).

10 MEETINGS: Congresses every two or three years.12 PUBLICATIONS: Annual Bulletin and Reports of the Congresses.13 RELATIONS WITH OTHER INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS: The Association maintains

contact with the World Power Conference, the International Commission on LargeDams and the Permanent International Association of Navigation Congresses, withwhich it seeks to co-ordinate its meetings.

14 SHORT HISTORY: The Association was founded at Brussels in 1935 at the InternationalNavigation Congress and has since organized the following meetings: Berlin 1935,Stockholm 1948, Grenoble 1949, and Bombay 1951.

INTERNATIONAL COMMISSION ON GLASS (ICG)[COMMISSION INTERNATIONALE DU VERRE (iCG)]

INTERNATIONALE KOMMISSION FUR GLAS (ICG)

2 ADDRESS: Research Laboratories, The General Electric Co. Ltd., Wembley, Middx.U.K. Telephone: Arnold 4321. Cable address: RESEARCH PHONE WEMBLEY.

3 NATURE: Non-governmental.

4 AIMS: TO stimulate co-operative effort in glass technology between different countries;to serve as an international centre for the exchange of information on the art, scienceand technology of glass; to arrange for the holding of periodical International Congresseson glass; to prepare and issue, from time to time, reports and surveys on an inter-national basis, on subjects relating to the art, science and technology of glass; and toassist everywhere in the development of interest in these subjects.

5 GOVERNING BODIES: The Executive Committee which is appointed by the Commissionat an annual or special meeting and consists of the President, Vice-President, Secretaryand the Treasurer together with four other members of the Commission, one eachfrom four representative organizations, OFFICERS: President: Emeritus ProfessorW.E.S. Turner, F.R.S. (U.K., 1955); Honorary Vice-Presidents: Dr. J. C. Hostetter,Dr. Ing. H. Maurach (Germany); Vice-President: Dr. B. Long (France); HonorarySecretary and President-Elect: Dr. B. P. Dudding (U.K.); Honorary Treasurer: Dr.W.M. Hampton (U.K.).

6 MEMBERS: Representatives of organizations and persons distinguished as authoritieson glass in: Belgium, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, France, Germany, India, Japan, Nether-lands, Norway, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, United Kingdom, United States of America.

7 COMMISSIONS: The Commission maintains a number of technical sub-committees.

9 FINANCES: Members annual subscriptions vary from £15 to £100.

10 MEETINGS: The Executive Committee meets twice a year; the Commission once.

12 PUBLICATIONS: Reports of meetings appear in the national journals of the participatingbodies, such as: Journal of the Society of Glass Technology (U.K.), Journal of the American

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Ceramic Society (U.S.A.), Journal of the Ceramic Association (Japan), Silicates Ire'dustriels, Verre et Refractaire (France).

13 RELATIONS WITH OTHER INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS: Liaison with the InternationalOrganization for Standardization.

14 SHORT HISTORY: Founded provisionally in 1933, the International Commission onGlass adopted its present Constitution at a meeting held at Berne in July 1950. Thefirst meeting after World War II was held at Buxton, U.K., in 1948; the next meetingreconstituting the enlarged Commission was held in Berne in 1950. In 1951 the meetingtook place in Paris and in 1952 in London and Sheffield.

15 BIBLIOGRAPHY: News and Reviews of the Society of Glass Technology 1950, Vol. 34,pp. 101-3. News and Reviews of the Society of Glass Technology 1951, Vol. 35, pp.67-80. Glass and W. E. S. Turner 1915-1951, Edited by F. J. Gooding, B.Sc, Ph.D.,and Edward Meigh, M.B.E., M.Sc, F.I.I.A., F.S.G.T., The Society of Glass Techno-logy, Sheffield, 1951.

16 COMMENTS: Executive Committee meetings are usually held in November and June,the precise date being decided three or four months in advance in order to fit in withthe glass technological meetings of the country in which the meeting is to be held.Full meetings of the Commission are as far as possible associated with technical meet-ings and every effort is made to visit the different countries participating in the Com-mission, whose representative organizations share with the Executive Committee theresponsibility for organizing the business and technical sessions.

INTERNATIONAL COMMISSION ON ILLUMINATION[COMMISSION INTERNATIONALE DE L'£CLAIRAGE]

2 ADDRESS: Room 1818, 1860 Broadway at 61st Street, New York 23, New York, U.S.A.Telephone: PLaza 7-4163.

3 NATURE: Non-governmental.

4 AIMS: Assembly, interchange, codification, recording and dissemination of scientificand engineering knowledge relating to all aspects of lighting, and recommendationof codes for international adoption.

5 GOVERNING BODIES : Executive Committee consisting of two members from each NationalCommittee. OFFICERS: President: Dr. Ward Harrison (U.S.A.); Honorary Secretary:C.A. Atherton (U.S.A.); Honorary Treasurer: Dr. H. Koenig (Switzerland).

6 MEMBERS: National Committees in: Australia, Austria, Belgium, Brazil, Czechoslovakia,Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Israel, Italy, Netherlands, Norway,Poland, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, United King-dom, United States of America. National Committees are being formed in Canada,Egypt, Ireland, Union of South Africa. Corresponding Members in Canada, Indonesia,Mexico, New Zealand.

9 FINANCES: Annual dues of member National Committees. Budget is about U.S.$45,000.00 per year.

10 MEETINGS: Plenary sessions in principle every four years.

11 VOTING: Voting by countries.

12 PUBLICATIONS: Proceedings of Plenary Meetings every three or four years, plus occasion-al booklets on special subjects such as Vocabulary, etc. in English, French, with somesummaries in German.

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13 RELATIONS WITH OTHER INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS: Relations with many inter-national organizations dealing with allied subjects.

14 SHORT HISTORY: Founded in 1909 in succession to the International Commission onPhotometry, the International Commission on Illumination held its Xllth PlenarySession in Stockholm in 1951.

16 COMMENTS: The next Plenary Session will be held in Switzerland in 1955.

INTERNATIONAL COMMISSION ON IRRIGATIONAND DRAINAGE (ICID)

[COMMISSION INTERNATIONALE D'lRRIGATION ET DE DRAINAGE]

2 ADDRESS: 1 Old Mill Road, New Delhi 1, India. Telephone: 43632. Cable address:INTCOIR NEW DELHI.

3 NATURE: Non-governmental.

4 AIMS: (a) To stimulate and promote the development and application of the scienceand technique of irrigation and drainage in the engineering, economic and socialaspects. The objects include all matters relating to planning, financing and economicsof irrigation and drainage undertakings for the reclamation of lands as well as thedesign, construction and operation of appurtenant engineering works includingcanalsand other artificial channels for various purposes of irrigation and drainage, (b) TheCommission will accomplish its objects by interchange of information between itsseveral National Committees; holding periodical meetings; organizing studies andexperiments; publication of proceedings, reports and documents; and co-operatingwith other International Organizations, whose interests and activities are related toand are in harmony with its objectives, (c) The Commission is at present activelyengaged in the preparation of an illustrated technical dictionary, on irrigation anddrainage.

5 GOVERNING BODIES : The management of the affairs of the Commission is vested in anInternational Executive Council which acts as the instrument for carrying into effectthe policies initiated by the Commission. The International Executive Council consistsof the Office Bearers and duly appointed representatives from each National Com-mittee. OFFICERS: President: A. N. Khosla (India, 1950-54); Vice-Presidents: H.Suleiman Bey (Egypt, 1951-54), Prof. Ir. S. H. A. Begemann (Netherlands,1950-53); Secretary-General: N. D. Gulhati (India, 1950-54). The representativesof National Committees on the International Executive Council are nominated by theNational Committees before each separate meeting of the Council.

6 MEMBERS : The Commission is constituted of the National Committees of the partici-pating countries and where no National Committee exists, the Government, or someInstitution effectively representing interests within the scope of the objects of theCommission, may appoint its Representative. The Commission may frame rules topermit individuals of non-participating countries to derive benefits from the activitiesof the Commission. The member countries at present are: Brazil, Ceylon, Egypt,France, India, Indonesia, Iraq, Israel, Italy, Japan, Mexico, Netherlands, Switzerland,Syria, Thailand, United Kingdom, United States of America, Yugoslavia.

8 FACILITIES: Library on irrigation and drainage and allied subjects; clearing house forinformation relating to irrigation and drainage.

9 FINANCES: Contribution from National Committees and subventions.

10 MEETINGS: The International Executive Council meets once every year; Congresseswill be held in principle every three years.

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11 VOTING: At meetings of the International Executive Council, each office bearer andone representative from each National Committee is entitled to vote.

12 PUBLICATIONS: Bulletin of the Commission containing statistical data and informationrelating to the advances made in technique and research of irrigation and drainage,annually. Transactions of the Congress. Special publications and reports on specificsubjects of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering. Technical Dictionary on Irrigationand Drainage (under preparation). All the foregoing publications in English and French.

13 RELATIONS WITH OTHER INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS : The Commission is a foundermember of the Union of International Engineering Organizations and sends observersto the meetings of the Unesco Advisory Committee on Arid Zone Research.

14 SHORT HISTORY: Sponsored by the Government of India, the International Commissionon Irrigation and Canals was established at a meeting of the representatives of theparticipating countries held at Simla, India in June 1950 when a provisional con-stitution was adopted. The Second Meeting of the International Executive Councilwas held in January 1951, when in addition to other administrative matters, the con-stitution of the Commission was finalized and the name of the Commission changedto 'International Commission on Irrigation and Drainage'. The First Congress washeld at New Delhi in January 1951 and was attended by 350 delegates from 30 countries.The subjects discussed at the Congress were: (a) National Review of Irrigation Deve-lopment and Practice; (b) Present-day problems in irrigation and drainage. The ThirdMeeting of the International Executive Council was held on 8 September 1952 inChicago.

15 BIBLIOGRAPHY: Constitution of the International Commission on Irrigation and Drainage.The United Nations Secretary-GeneraVs Report on 'International Action with regardto Water Control and Utilization'. Journal, Central Board of Irrigation and Power,India, January 1951. Transactions, First Congress on Irrigation and Drainage, Vol. 1.Bulletin 1951.

16 COMMENTS: The Second Congress on Irrigation and Drainage will take place at Algiersin April 1954.

INTERNATIONAL COMMISSION ON LARGE DAMSOF THE WORLD POWER CONFERENCE

[COMMISSION INTERNATIONALE DES GRANDS BARRAGES DE LA CONFERENCE MONDIALEDE L'ENERGIE (CIGB)]

2 ADDRESS: 3, rue de Messine, Paris-8e, France. Telephone: CARnot 76-20. Cable address:CIGRABAR PARIS.

3 NATURE: Non-governmental.

4 AIMS : The aim of the Commission is to encourage improvements in the design, con-struction, maintenance and operation of large dams, by the collection of inform-ation on the subject and study of related questions. To attain this object, the Commis-sion : (a) provides for exchange of information between its various National Committees;(b) holds periodic meetings; (c) organizes research and experiments and (d) publishesproceedings, reports and other documents.

5 GOVERNING BODIES : The Commission consists of representatives of National Commitees(one for each Committee). The Commission appoints a Bureau consisting of a Chairman,three Vice-Chairmen, a Secretary-General and a Treasurer elected for three years.The Commission supervises the work of a permanent Central Office managed by theChairman (or a Vice-Chairman) and the Secretary-General, OFFICERS: Chairman:Gail A. Hathaway (U.S.A., 1955); Vice-Chairman: Sir William Halcrow (U.K., 1953),

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M. Iyengar (India, 1954); Secretary-General-Treasurer: Claude Chauvez (France,1955); Secretary of Permanent Central Office: P. Arlaud (France).

6 MEMBERS: Australia, Austria, Belgium, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, Egypt, Finland,France, India, Indonesia, Italy, Laos, Luxembourg, Morocco, Mexico, New Zealand,Norway, Pakistan, Poland, Portugal, Sweden, Switzerland, Tunisia, Turkey, Unionof Soviet Socialist Republics, United Kingdom, United States of America, Viet-Nam,Yugoslavia.

7 COMMISSIONS: Sub-Committee on Concrete: Chairman: M. Hellstrom, Sweden. Sub-Committee on Dictionary.

8 FACILITIES: World Card-Index of Large Dams.

9 FINANCES: Annual subscription for National Committees, rate depending on numberof inhabitants, the number of large dams and the hydro-electric generation.

10 MEETINGS: Executive meeting of delegates of member countries yearly. TechnicalCongresses in principle every three years.

11 VOTING: One vote per country.

12 PUBLICATIONS : Proceedings of Congresses with papers, communications and discussions.Bulletin, non-perodical. Multilingual Technical Dictionary on Dams, second edition(English, French, German, Italian, Spanish).

13 RELATIONS WITH OTHER INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS : The International Commissionon Large Dams is a permanent autonomous organism of the World Power Conference.

14 SHORT HISTORY: Established in 1930, the Commission has since held the followingWorld Congresses: First World Congress on Large Dams, Stockholm 1933; SecondCongress, Washington, D.C., 1936; Third Congress, Stockholm 1948; Fourth Congress,New Delhi, January 1951.

INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON LARGEELECTRIC SYSTEMS

[CONFERENCE INTERNATIONALE DES GRANDS RESEAUX ELECTRIQUES (CIGRE)]

2 ADDRESS: 112, boulevard Haussmann, Paris-8e, France. Telephone: LABorde 31-10.Cable address: CIGRE PARIS 109.

3 NATURE: Non-governmental.

4 AIMS: To collect and disseminate information on technical progress by bringing togetherthe leading experts in each country and by studying, in the light of the latest progress:the manufacture and operation of equipment for generating, transforming and cuttingof electric current; the construction, insulation and maintenance of overhead andunderground electric cables; the operation, protection and interconnexion of networks;the use of higher tensions than those which are presently in practice. To establish andmaintain friendly working relations between associations, government departments,engineers, teachers and industrialists in all countries and in this way to further theprogress of electrotechnics; lastly, to collaborate with other international associations.

5 GOVERNING BODIES: A General Assembly held every two years elects an AdministrativeBoard of 12 to 40 members on which 18 countries are represented. The Board appointsa general delegate, OFFICERS: Honorary President: E. Mercier (France); President:R. A. Schmidt (Switzerland); Vice-President and general delegate: J. Tribot-Laspiere(France). Between sessions of the General Assembly, continuity of work is ensuredby 15 international Study Committees.

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6 MEMBERS : Collective and individual members, who may be grouped in national groupselecting National Committees. However, societies and individuals and not theseCommittees, which act mainly as liaison bodies, constitute the membership of theConference. National Committees have been formed in the following countries: Argen-tina, Australia, Austria, Belgium, Brazil, Bulgaria, Canada, Chile, Czechoslovakia,Denmark, Egypt, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Guatemala, Hungary, India, Iran,Ireland, Israel, Italy, Lebanon, Luxembourg, Mexico, Netherlands, New Zealand,Norway, Poland, Portugal, Rumania, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Tunisia, Turkey,Union of South Africa, Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, United Kingdom, UnitedStates of America, Uruguay, Yugoslavia.

7 COMMISSIONS: International Study Committee on Insulating Oils. International StudyCommittee on High Tension Cables. Sub-Committee on Filling Material for Cable Boxes.Committee on Protection and Relays. Committee on Insulators.

9 FINANCES: Individual subscriptions.

10 MEETINGS: Conference every two years, generally in Paris, which may be attended byall electrical engineers, irrespective of whether they are members of CIGRE.

12 PUBLICATIONS: Three volumes of Records for each Congress. Electra, quarterly.

14 SHORT HISTORY: The International Conference on Large Electric Systems was heldfor the first time in 1921 and since then has met regularly except during World War II.In 1931 CIGRE became a permanent Association. More than 1,300 active membersfrom 44 different countries attended the Fourteenth Session in 1952.

16 COMMENTS: The Fifteenth Session will be held in Paris in 1954.

INTERNATIONAL CONGRESSES FOR MODERNARCHITECTURE

[LES CONGRES INTERNATIONAUX D'ARCHITECTURE MODERNE (CIAM)]

INTERNATIONALE KONGRESSE FVR NEVES BAUEN

2 ADDRESS: 7 Doldertal, Zurich 32, Switzerland. Telephone: 32 46 44.

3 NATURE: Non-governmental.

4 AIMS: TO formulate the aims of modern architecture; to uphold modern ideas in archi-tecture; to gain acceptance for these principles in technical, economic and socialcircles; to work for the solution of architectural problems.

5 GOVERNING BODIES: The Congress, which is the general assembly of the association.The Council, which forms the executive, OFFICERS : Honorary President: C. van Eesteren(Netherlands); President: J. L. Sert (U.S.A.); Vice-Presidents: W. Gropius (U.S.A.),Le Corbusier (France), H. Syrkus (Poland); Members: P.A.Emery (France), S. J.Fischer (Hungary), J. Havlicek (Czechoslovakia), E. Rogers (Italy), G. Samuel (U.K.),R. Steiger (Switzerland), V. Lauritzen (Denmark^, C. Candilis (France), W. Howell(U.K.); Honorary Secretary: S. Giedion (Switzerland); Treasurer: J. J. Honegger(Switzerland).

6 MEMBERS: Members in Argentina, Austria, Belgium, Brazil, Canada, Colombia, Cuba,Czechoslovakia, Denmark, Finland, France and French possessions, Germany, Greece,Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Morocco, Norway, Poland, Sweden, Switzerland,Tunisia, United Kingdom, United States of America.

7 COMMISSIONS: Permanent Commissions: I. Urbanism: Chairman: Le Corbusier (France).II. Relation between Architecture, Painting and Sculpture: Chairman: S. Giedion(Switzerland). III. Architectural Education: Chairman: W. Gropius (U.S.A.). IV. Indus-

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trialization: Chairman: Wells-Coates (U.K.). V. Legislation: Chairman: M. Lods(France).

9 FINANCES: Membership fees.

10 MEETINGS : A Congress every two years. Meeting of the Council at least once a year.

11 VOTING: Normally without ballot.

12 PUBLICATIONS: Dwellings for Lowest Incomes, Julius Hoffmann, Stuttgart 1930, secondedition, 1933. Rationelle Bebauungsweisen, Julius Hoffmann, Stuttgart 1931. Logis etLoisirs, (Architecture d'Aujourd'hui), Paris 1938. Basic reports, communications,questionnaires, reports of committees of the Fifth Congress, Paris 1937. Can our CitiesSurvive"!, Harvard University Press, Cambridge 1942. An ABC of Urban Problems,their Analysis, their Solutions, based on the proposals formulated by the Fourth andFifth Congresses of the CIAM, text by Jose Luis Sert. A Decade of New Architecture.Dix ans a"Architecture Contemporaine, edited by S. Giedion, Zurich 1951. The Heartof the City, edited by J. Tyrwhitt, J. L. Sert, E. N. Rogers.

13 RELATIONS WITH OTHER INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS: Consultative Status with

the United Nations.

14 SHORT HISTORY: The CIAM was established in 1928 with headquarters in Switzerland.Congresses: I. La Serraz 1928; II. Frankfurt 1929; III. Brussels 1930; IV. Athens 1933;V. Paris 1937; VI. Bridgewater, U.K. 1947; VII. Bergamo, Italy 1949; VIII. Hoddes-don, U.K. 1951.

16 COMMENTS: Ninth Congress, Aix-en-Provence, France, July 1953 and Twenty-fifthAnniversary of foundation of the Congresses. Theme of meeting: A Charter of Dwelling.

INTERNATIONAL CONSULTATIVE TELEPHONECOMMITTEE (CCIF)

[COMITE CONSULTATIF INTERNATIONAL TELEPHONIQUE (CCIF)]

2 ADDRESS: Maison des Congres, place Chateaubriand, Geneva, Switzerland. Telephone:2 16 21. Cable address: COMTELEPHONE GENEVA.

3 NATURE: Intergovernmental.

4 AIMS: Study all technical and operating questions concerning telephony. Establishthe data of telecommunication lines of all kinds to be constructed in Europe, theMediterranean Basin, the Middle East and South Asia.

5 GOVERNING BODIES: Plenary Assembly, Study Committees, Specialized Secretariat.OFFICERS: Director: Georges Valensi (France); Counsellor: Lalou (France); Engineer:Chapuis (France).

6 MEMBERS : Membership of the Committee consists of 88 countries being the Membersand Associate Members of the International Telecommunication Union (ITU).

7 COMMISSIONS: 24 Study Committees and Sub-Commissions and a Laboratory.

8 FACILITIES: Laboratory for the calibration of telephone apparatus and research con-cerning the specification of the quality of telephone transmission.

9 FINANCES : Contributions from the 88 Members and Associate Members of the Inter-national Telecommunication Union.

10 MEETINGS: Plenary Assembly every two years. Study Committee meetings betweentwo consecutive Plenary Assemblies.

11 VOTING: Voting by country.

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12 PUBLICATIONS: Proceedings of the Plenary Assemblies. General Switching Plan-Statisticsof the International European Telephone Traffic. General Routine Maintenance Pro-gramme for the International Circuits in Europe. Instructions for the Operators of theInternational European Telephone Service. List of International TelecommunicationRoutes used in Europe. Guiding Principles for the Protection of TelecommunicationLines against Interference due to Neighbouring Power Lines. Recommendations for theProtection of Underground Cables against the Action of Stray Currents Produced byElectric Traction Installations. Recommendations concerning the Protection of Under-ground Cables against Corrosion.

13 RELATIONS WITH OTHER INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS: Permanent Organ of the

International Telecommunication Union which is a Specialized Agency of the UnitedNations.

14 SHORT HISTORY: First Plenary Assembly in 1924 in Paris. Incorporated in the Inter-national Telecommunication Union in 1925, as an independent permanent organ withheadquarters in Paris from 1924 to 1948. Headquarters (Secretariat and Laboratory)transferred in 1948 from Paris to Geneva, by decision of the International Telecom-munication Conference of Atlantic City 1947.

16 COMMENTS: Seventeenth Plenary Assembly in 1954.

INTERNATIONAL COUNCILFOR BUILDING DOCUMENTATION[CONSEIL INTERNATIONAL DE DOCUMENTATION DU BATIMENT (CIDB)]

2 ADDRESS : 4, avenue du Recteur Poincare, Paris-16e, France. Telephone: AUTeuil 81-80.

3 NATURE: Non-governmental.

4 AIMS: The aim of the Council is to develop, throughout the world, documentation andinformation in the field of building, and to encourage, to facilitate and to co-ordinatethe exchange of documentation and information among the various countries as wellas among interested International Organizations. Amongst other activities relevantto the above, the Council is especially concerned with the following: to co-ordinate theactivities of the national Committees or Centres for Building Documentation and topromote the creation of those not yet set up; to establish common basic principles forterminology classification and methods of filing and presentation with respect toBuilding Documentation.

5 GOVERNING BODIES: The International Council sitting in General Assembly elects anExecutive Committee composed of a President who is also President of the InternationalCouncil, two Vice-Presidents and seven members. The members of the Executive Com-mittee continue in office for three successive sessions of the General Assembly, OFFICERS :President: A. Marini (France); Vice-Presidents: L.M. Giertz (Sweden), B. Agard Evans(U.K.); Members: G. Pepe (Italy), L. De Vestel (Belgium), J. Van Ettinger (Nether-lands), L. Kirste (Austria); Secretary: J. Delune (France).

6 MEMBERS : Members in Austria, Belgium, Canada, Denmark, France, Italy, Netherlands,Norway, Portugal, Sweden, Switzerland, United Kingdom, Uruguay.

7 COMMISSIONS: Needs of Users: Rapporteur: L.M. Giertz (Sweden). Progress in Docu-mentation: Rapporteur: G. Pepe (Italy). Terminology: Rapporteur: L. Kirste (Austria).Publications and Diffusion: Rapporteur: J. Van Ettinger (Netherlands). Classificationand Filing: Rapporteur: B. Agard Evans (U.K.).

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8 FACILITIES: Documentation Services, for example: Centre Beige de Documentation etd'lnformation de la Construction; Dokumentationszentrum fiir Technik und Wirt-schaft, etc.

9 FINANCES: Annual subscriptions of members; various monies arising from the saleof certain publications or certain copyrights; national or international subsidies.

10 MEETINGS: The International Council meets at least once every three years in GeneralAssembly, composed of delegations of members; the Executive Committee meetstwice a year.

11 VOTING: Majority vote by countries in the General Assembly. Vote by correspondenceallowed between Sessions in the case of urgent questions.

14 SHORT HISTORY: In October 1949, the Housing Sub-Committee of the UN EconomicCommission for Europe convened a Conference in which delegates from 17 countriesparticipated. The creation of an International Council for Building Documentationwas decided and a Provisional Executive Committee was entrusted with the pre-paration of the Constitutive General Assembly of the new organization. Before themeeting of the First General Assembly of the International Council, the ProvisionalExecutive Committee met four times. The Executive Committee nominated by theGeneral Assembly has already held three sessions. During 1952, the various workingparties prepared a number of documents, including: the needs of users in the field ofdocumentation, the editing of analyses and presentation of bibliographical cards,building terminology, perfecting a system for documentation exchange, applyingUniversal Decimal Classification in Building. The Secretariat of the InternationalCouncil has, moreover, undertaken certain technical surveys on the ventilation ofsecondary premises by central air shafts, smoke ducts, etc.

INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICALCOMMISSION (IEC)

[COMMISSION ELECTROTECHNIQUE INTERNATIONALE]

2 ADDRESS: 39, route de Malagnou, Geneva, Switzerland.3 NATURE: Non-governmental.

4 AIMS: TO facilitate the co-ordination and unification of national electrotechnicalstandards not already covered by the statutes of any other recognized internationalorganization. The Commission issues international recommendations which expressas nearly as possible an international consensus of opinion on the subjects dealt with.These international recommendations are issued to assist the National Committees intheir efforts towards harmonizing their national standards with these recommendationsinsofar as national conditions permit.

5 GOVERNING BODIES : The Council is the administrative body, which meets in principleevery three years. It is composed of the President of the Commission, the Presidents of theNational Committees, who are ex-officio Vice-Presidents of the Commission, the GeneralSecretary and the Treasurer. Committee of Action, a committee elected by the Councilat each Plenary Meeting, composed of the President, Vice-Presidents, the immediatepast President, the Treasurer and the General Secretary. The Committee of Actiondeals with administrative matters, and with questions of a technical nature arising inthe interval between meetings of the Council and Plenary Meetings, OFFICERS: Pre-sident: Dr. H. S. Osborne (U.S.A.); Treasurer: Dr. P. Dunsheath (U.K.); GeneralSecretary: C. Le Maistre (U.K.); Administrative Secretary: L. Ruppert (France).

6 MEMBERS : National Electrotechnical Committees, Electrical Institutions and ElectricalTrade Associations in the following countries: Argentina, Australia, Austria, Belgium,

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Brazil, Canada, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, Egypt, Finland, France, German FederalRepublic, Hungary, India, Israel, Italy, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Spain,Sweden, Switzerland, Union of South Africa, Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, UnitedKingdom, United States of America, Yugoslavia.

7 COMMISSIONS: Technical Committees on: (1) Nomenclature; (2) Rotating Machinery;(3) Graphical Symbols; (4) Hydraulic Turbines; (5) Steam Turbines; (6) Lamp Sockets;(7) Aluminium; (8) Standard Voltages, Currents and Frequencies; (9) Electric TractionEquipment; (10) Insulating Oils; (11) Overhead Lines; (12) Radio-Communications;(13) Measuring Instruments; (14) Transformers; (15) Insulating Materials; (16) Ter-minal Markings and other Identifications; (17) Switchgear; (18) Electrical Installationson Ships; (19) Internal Combustion Engines; (20) Electric Cables; (21) Accumulators;(22) Electronic Devices; (23) Electrical Accessories; (24) Electric and Magnetic Magni-tudes and Units; (25) Letter Symbols; (26) Electric Welding; (27) Electro-Heating;(28) Co-ordination of Insulation; (29^ Electro-Acoustics; (30) Extra-High Voltages;(31) Flameproof Enclosures; (32) Fuses; (33) Power Capacitors; (34) Electric Lamps,Lamp Caps and Holders; (35) Dry-cell Batteries; (36) High-tension Testing, Wall Bush-ings and Insulators; (37) Lightning Arresters; (38) Instrument Transformers; Internatio-nal Special Committee on Radio Interference (CISPR).

9 FINANCES: Annual subscriptions from National Committees.

10 MEETINGS : Grouped .meetings of Technical Committees are held each year.

11 VOTING: Voting by country.

12 PUBLICATIONS: Technical Reports and Recommendations (Recommendations areadopted after ratification by at least four-fifths of the National Committees).

13 RELATIONS WITH OTHER INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS : The Commission is affiliatedto the International Organization for Standardization as its Electrical, Division. Itco-operates with many other international organizations dealing with electricalquestions.

14 SHORT HISTORY: Founded in June 1906, by representatives of 12 countries who met inLondon. The original statutes were approved at the Council Meeting which took placein London, October 1908. These were replaced by new statutes in June 1949.

INTERNATIONAL FEDERATION FOR HOUSINGAND TOWN PLANNING

[FEDERATION INTERNATIONALE DE L'HABITATION ET DE L ' U R B A N I S M E ]

INTERNATIONALER VERBAND FOR WOHNUNGSWESEN UND STADTEBAU

FEDERAZIONE INTERNATIONALE DELL'ABITAZIONE E DELL'URBANISTICA

FEDERACION INTERNACIONAL DE LA VIVIENDA Y URBANISMO

2 ADDRESS: Paleisstiaat 5, The Hague, Netherlands. Telephone: 184550.

3 NATURE: Non-governmental.

4 AIMS: To promote and co-ordinate throughout the world the study and practice ofhousing, and regional, town and country planning and development with a view tosecuring higher standards of housing, the improvement of towns and cities and a betterdistribution of the population.

5 GOVERNING BODIES: Executive Committee; Bureau consisting of the following members:Victor Bure (Belgium), G. Marrane (France), L.S.P. Scheffer (Netherlands), E. Rolfsen(Norway), J. Zakowski (Poland), H. Quiding (Sweden), J. Peter (Switzerland), WalterH. Blucher (U.S.A.). OFFICERS: President: L. S. P. Scheffer (Netherlands); Deputy

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President: Erik Rolfsen (Norway); Vice-Presidents: Victor Bure (Belgium), GeorgesMarrane (France), Julius Zakowski (Poland), Hans Quitting (Sweden), J. Peter (Switzer-land), Walter H. Blucher (U.S.A.), Sir George L. Pepler (U.K.); Secretary-General:H. van der Weijde, Ec. Drs. (Netherlands); Hon. Secretary: Charles Pranard (France);Hon. Treasurer: F. J. Osborn (U.K.); Exhibition Organizer: H.J. Spiwak (U.K.).

6 MEMBERS: Members A: Technical, educational, scientific or propagandist bodies whoenjoy civil rights, whose objects include the encouragement of good housing or thefurtherance of national, regional, town or country planning, or garden cities. MembersB: Public bodies and public institutions or international associations who enjoy civilrights, dealing with matters relevant to the objects of the Federation. Members C:Individuals. Total number of members: 600. National Sections exist in the followingcountries: Australia, Austria, Belgium, Brazil, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany,India, Israel, Italy, Mexico, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Poland, Portugal,Sweden, Switzerland, Union of South Africa, United Kingdom, United States of America,Yugoslavia.

7 COMMISSIONS: Technical Committee: Chairman: H. J. Spiwak (U.K.); Committee onHousing Associations: Chairman: J. Bommer (Netherlands).

8 FACILITIES: Library and reading-room, information service.

9 FINANCES: Membership fees, Government grants and donations.

10 MEETINGS : International Congresses every two years. Regional Conferences in between.

11 VOTING: Voting is by individuals, representing members in categories A and B.

12 PUBLICATIONS: News Sheet, quarterly (English with French summaries). Reports fordiscussion at the various Congresses (English, French). Special Booklets on subjectsof practical importance: International Glossary of Technical Terms used in Housing andTown Planning, second edition 1951; Special Bulletin on Education in Town Planning(containing information from 30 different countries).

13 RELATIONS WITH OTHER INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS: Consultative arrangements

with UN and WHO.14 SHORT HISTORY: Founded in 1913 as the International Garden Cities and Town Plan-

ning Association. Congresses have been held at Amsterdam 1924, New York 1925,Vienna 1926, Paris 1928, Rome 1929, Berlin 1931, London 1935, Prague 1935, Paris1937, Mexico City 1938, Stockholm 1939, Hastings 1946, Zurich 1948, Amsterdam1950, Lisbon, September 1952.

16 COMMENTS: The Federation has common services with the International Union ofLocal Authorities at Paleisstraat 5, The Hague. It gives advice on the drafting ofregulations concerning Town Planning Competitions.

INTERNATIONAL FEDERATION OF NATIONALENGINEERING ASSOCIATIONS

[FEDERATION INTERNATIONALE DISSOCIATIONS NATIONALES D'lNGENIEURS (FIANi)]

2 ADDRESS: 19, rue Blanche, Paris-9e, France. Telephone: TRInite 66-36.

3 NATURE: Non-governmental.

4 AIMS: The aims of the Federation are: (a) to strengthen cultural bonds and encourageexchange of documentation and information among its National Members; (b) to studyproblems concerning the formation of engineers, titles of engineers, recognition andprotection of these titles; (c) to facilitate international exchange of engineers and stu-dent engineers; (d) to define the position, part and responsibility of the engineer in

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social life; (e) to keep in touch with international and world organizations, in order toensure the proper representation of the engineer; (f) to organize international meetingsof engineers for the foregoing purposes. The Federation does not interfere in the strictlytechnical, political or syndical fields.

5 GOVERNING BODIES: General Assembly and Directing Committee, OFFICERS: President:

G. Gilles (France); Vice-Presidents: E. Choisy (Switzerland), G. Salkin (Belgium),H. Bluhm (Germany); Secretary-General: M. Crochu (France); Treasurer: A. Reis-dorfer (Luxembourg); Members: O. Weywoda (Austria), P. Gault (France), A. Ferrari-Tonolio (Italy), Dr. Jose Maria Gonzales Llanos (Spain).

6 MEMBERS: Members, represented by national groups, in the following countries:Austria, Belgium, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Luxembourg, Spain, Switzerland,totalling 182,874 engineers.

9 FINANCES: Contributions of national members, amounting in 1952 to 1,332,000 Fr.frs.

10 MEETINGS: General Assembly meets at least every two years; the Directing Committeeseveral times a year.

11 VOTING: In General Assembly, each national member has a number of votes (one toseven) based on the number of its engineers. In the Directing Committee each nationalmember has one vote.

12 PUBLICATIONS : A periodical circular, in principle every three months, and studies con-cerning the engineers of the various adhering countries.

13 RELATIONS WITH OTHER INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS: The Federation maintains

relations with the Pan American Federation of Engineering Societies and the Unionof International Engineering Organizations.

14 SHORT HISTORY: Under the sponsorship of the Federation des Associations et SocietesFranchises d'Ingenieurs (FASFI) an International Congress of Engineers, organizedby a group of French Engineers in Germany, was held at Constance in June 1949.The theme was: 'The Place and Role of the Engineer in Modern Society'. The founda-tion of an 'International Federation of National Engineering Associations' was de-cided, and later officially created by an Assembly which met at Luxembourg on 7 Sep-tember 1951.

16 COMMENTS: The First International Congress will take place in Rome in October 1953.The theme of the meeting will be 'The Preparation of the Engineer for his Role inSociety'.

INTERNATIONAL FEDERATION OF SURVEYORS(IFS):

[FEDERATION INTERNATIONALE DES GEOMETRES (FIG)]

2 ADDRESS: 3, rue Joseph-Granier, Paris-7e, France. Telephone: INValides 01-27.

3 NATURE: Non-governmental.

4 AIMS: The principal aims of the Federation are: (a) to group the national associationsor organizations of surveyors in all countries to study in common the general interestsof the profession; (b) to organize contacts between the various corporative associations;(c) to make known the social conditions of professionals in each country, so that im-provements introduced in any of them may be followed by the others; (d) to promote,subsidize and make known research and inventions useful to surveyors in the scientific,technical, legal, economic and social fields; (e) to co-ordinate professional teaching withspecial reference to new methods; (f) to facilitate relations with the competent author-

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ities and exchange of personnel between colleagues of different countries. The Fe-deration does not intervene in political and religious questions, nor in questions of race.

5 GOVERNING BODIES: The Permanent Committee is the Administrative Council of theFederation. It is composed of the members of the Bureau and of the delegates of theaffiliated national associations. A Consultative Committee, composed of the professionalmembers of honour, the past Presidents of the Federation and other persons chosen bythe General Assembly, may be associated with the Permanent Committee, with theright of attending its meetings, OFFICERS (1951-55): President: H. Peltier (France);Vice-Presidents: A. Beniest (Belgium), Raymon Danger (France), A. Kruidhof (Nether-lands); Secretary-General: A. Wantz (France); Treasurer: R. Cuillaumin (France).

6 MEMBERS: National Associations (in all about 10,000 members) in the following coun-tries: Austria, Belgium, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, France, Germany, Israel, Italy,Luxembourg, Netherlands, Poland, Sweden, Switzerland, United Kingdom, United Statesof America.

7 COMMISSIONS: Six Commissions: (1) Technical Dictionary: Chairman: Dr. L. Hegg(Switzerland). (2) Cadaster and Rural Reallotment: Chairman: Rene Perrin (France).(3) Cartography, Instruments and Photogrammetry: Chairman: Prof. Dr. R. Jung(Germany). (4) Town Planning, Reconstruction and Urban Reallotment: Chairman:H. Wells (U.K.). (5) Young Surveyors: Chairman: M. Calabro (Italy). (6) Salary Scalesand Professional Activities: Chairman: J. van der Linden (Belgium).

9 FINANCES: Entrance fees and annual subscriptions.

10 MEETINGS : International Congress every four years; meeting of Permanent Committeein principle yearly; meetings of the Bureau at least twice a year.

11 VOTING: Each country has one vote.

14 SHORT HISTORY: Founded on a permanent basis in 1926, at the Second Congress ofSurveyors, although conversations leading to its establishment began as early as 1878.International Congresses: Paris 1878; Brussels 1910; Paris 1926; Zurich 1930; London1934; Rome 1938; Lausanne 1949.

16 COMMENTS: The next Congress will be held in Paris in September 1953.

INTERNATIONAL GAS UNION (IGU)[UNION INTERNATIONALE DE L'lNDUSTRIE DU GAZ (UIIG)]

2 ADDRESS: 4, avenue Palmerston, Brussels, Belgium. Telephone: 335667. Cable address:

FIGAZ BRUXEIXES.

3 NATURE: Non-governmental.

4 AIMS: To promote progress in the production and utilization of gas.5 GOVERNING BODIES: Council of the Union consisting of one or two delegates for each

member association, though delegations have only one vote each. As a rule, meetingsare presided over by the Chairman of the national organization organizing the nextCongress, OFFICERS: Chairman: R.W. Hendee (U.S.A.); Vice-Presidents: F.M. Birks(U.K.), Prof. G.A. Brender a Brandis (Netherlands), C.W. Pilo (Sweden), P. Mougin(France), A. Teutsch (Switzerland), L. Stoll (Austria), L. Nerbini (Italy); Secretary-General: R. H. Touwaide (Belgium).

6 MEMBERS: Collective. The Union admits only one national group for each country.The following countries are members: Austria, Belgium, Canada, Czechoslovakia, Den-mark, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Netherlands, Norway, Soar, Spain, Sweden,Switzerland, United Kingdom, United States of America.

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7 COMMISSIONS: International Committee for the Development of Gas Utilization: Chairman:I. Kern (Switzerland); Secretary: G. Geiger (Switzerland). Committee for the Stan-dardization of the Fundamental Tests for the Approval of Gas Appliances: Chairman:J. Kec (France); Secretary. J.G. de Voogd (Netherlands).

9 FINANCES: Annual subscriptions from members.

10 MEETINGS: One Congress every three years.

11 VOTING: Each national delegation has one vote.

12 PUBLICATIONS : Proceedings of Congresses, technical papers and a multilingual dictionary.

14 SHORT HISTORY: The Union, which was founded in London in 1931, has organized thefollowing Congresses: Zurich 1934; Paris 1937; London 1949; Brussels 1952.

16 COMMENTS: The next Congress will be held in the U.S.A. in June 1955.

INTERNATIONAL INSTITUTE OF REFRIGERATION(IIR)

[INSTITUT INTERNATIONAL DU FROID (iIF)]

2 ADDRESS: 177, boulevard Malesherbes, Paris-17e, France. Telephone: CARnot 32-35.

3 NATURE: Intergovernmental.

4 AIMS: The production and the utilization of refrigeration on the international scale,by means of: the development of scientific, technical and economic researches; thecentralization of scientific, technical and economic information and documents and ofthe laws and regulations; the promotion of knowledge and the popularization of thescience and techniques; the publication of all papers and documents whose diffusionmight be useful; the encouragement of the applications of refrigeration particularlyas regards the treatment, storage, transport and delivery of perishable commodities onthe industrial scale as well as in the fields of hygiene and health; help the institutionof laboratories, test stations and other such international undertakings; the submissionto Governments and international organizations of recommendations and particularlyof proposals tending to the improvement and unification of the regulations; constantcontact with the scientific and professional bodies interested; the organization of Inter-national Congresses of Refrigeration.

5 GOVERNING BODIES : A General Conference; an Executive Committee composed of the dele-gates from the different Governments; an Administrative Committee appointed by theExecutive Committee, OFFICERS: President, General Conference: Dr. E. Griffiths (U.K.);President, Executive Committee: Dr. H. Queuille (France); Vice-Presidents, ExecutiveCommittee: Ing. S. A. Andersen (Denmark), J. Foulon (Belgium), T. A. Le Breton(Argentina), Prof. Dr. Ing. R. Plank (Germany); President, Administrative Committee:J. Foulon (Belgium); Vice-President: W.W. Mason (New Zealand); Director, Admini-strative and Technical Office: Ch. David (France).

6 MEMBERS: Governments of the following countries and territories: Argentina, Australia,Belgium, Bulgaria, Canada, China, Cuba, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, France, FrenchWest Africa, Germany, Greece, India, Indonesia, Italy, Japan, Luxembourg, Madagascar,Morocco, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Rumania, Spain,Sweden, Switzerland, Tunisia, Union of South Africa, United Kingdom, United States ofAmerica, Uruguay, Viet-Nam, Yugoslavia.

7 COMMISSIONS: A Technical Board including a Bureau: President: C. J. Gorter (Nether-lands); Vice-Presidents: J. Foulon (Belgium), Prof. B. Del Nunzio (Italy); and nineInternational Commissions. (1) Scientific Problems of Low Temperature Physics and

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Thermodynamics; Industries using very Low Temperatures and Rare Gases: President:F.E. Simon (U.K.); Vice-President: A. Van Itterbeek (Belgium). (2) Transfer of Heat;Thermal Properties of Materials; Instrumentation; Insulating Materials: President:Dr. E. Griffiths (U.K.); Vice-Presidents: Prof. P. Laine (France), Prof. E. Schmidt(Germany). (3) Design, Construction and Operation of Machinery for Refrigerating andAir Conditioning Plants: President: P. Glansdorff (Belgium); Vice-President: W.S.Douglas (U.K.). (4) Applications of Refrigeration to Foodstuffs and Agricultural Produce:President: J.C. Fidler (U.K.); Vice-Presidents: Dr. G. Borgstrom (Sweden), Ing. R.Thevenot (France). (5) Cold Stores and Ice-making Plants: President: Ing. L. Fontanel(France); Vice-President: Dr. E. Baumgartner (Switzerland). (6) Applications ofRefrigeration Excluding Foodstuffs and Agricultural Produce: President: Prof. B. DelNunzio (Italy). (7) Refrigerated Transport by Land and by Air: President: Prof. D.Palmieri (Italy); Vice-President: Dr. W.H. Cook (Canada). (8) Refrigerated Transportby Water: President: H.R. Howells (U.K.); Vice-President: J.E. Cummins (Australia).(9) Education: President: Ing. S. A. Andersen (Denmark); Vice-President: Dr. G.Lorentzen (Norway).

8 FACILITIES: Library, documentation and archives at the Institute, 177, boulevardMalesherbes, Paris-17e.

9 FINANCES: Annual subscriptions from member countries.

10 MEETINGS: The General Conference meets at least every four years; the ExecutiveCommittee meets at least once a year; the Administrative Committee two or threetimes a year; the Technical Board and the International Commissions once or twicea year. International Congresses are held every four years.

11 VOTING: At the meetings of the directing bodies of the Institute voting is by country;at the meetings of the International Commissions, voting is by individuals.

12 PUBLICATIONS: Bulletin of the International Institute of Refrigeration, every two months(English, French). Proceedings of the International Congresses. Several non-periodicalpublications.

13 RELATIONS WITH OTHER INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS: Liaison relations with theUnited Nations and certain of the Specialized Agencies.

14 SHORT HISTORY: An International Convention dating from 1920, modified in 1937,created the International Institute of Refrigeration. International Congresses have beenheld in Paris, Vienna, Chicago, London, Rome, Buenos-Aires, The Hague, London.Since 1951, the International Institute of Refrigeration has enlarged its organizationand transferred its premises to 177, boulevard Malesherbes, Paris-17e.

16 COMMENTS: The next International Congress will be held in Paris in 1955.

INTERNATIONAL INSTITUTE OF WELDING (IIW)[INSTITUT INTERNATIONAL DE LA SOUDURE (iIS)]

2 ADDRESS: 2, Buckingham Palace Gardens, London, S.W.I, U.K. Telephone: SLOane9851. Cable address: SOUDWELD LONDON. Scientific and Technical Secretariat: 32, boule-vard de la Chapelle, Paris-18e, France. Telephone: NORd 36-32. Cable address: OFISOUD58 PARIS.

3 NATURE : Non-governmental.

4 AIMS: TO promote the development of welding by all processes. For this purpose, theInstitute, both independently and in co-operation with other bodies promotes andencourages the development of welding, both as regards equipment and raw materials,and the applications of welding, and provides for the exchange of scientific and tech-

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nical information relating to welding research and education; assists in the formulationof international standards for welding, in collaboration with the InternationalOrganization for Standardizations, and organizes periodical congresses.

5 GOVERNING BODIES: The Institute is governed by a Governing Council consisting of threerepresentatives at most from each member country. The officers acting as a Committeeare authorized to deal with urgent business between meetings of the Council, with theproviso that they report their actions to the Council at its next meetings, OFFICERS:President: Prof. H. E. Jaeger (Netherlands, 1954); Founder President (life-term):P. Goldschmidt (Belgium); Vice-Presidents: Prof. A. Portevin (France, 1953), H. Biers(U.S.A., 1954), W. Edstrom (Sweden, 1954), C. S. Milne (U.K., 1954); Treasurer:W. Edstrom (Sweden, 1953); Secretary-General: G. Parsloe (U.K., 1954); Scientific andTechnical Secretary: A. Leroy (France, 1953).

6 MEMBERS: Thirty-seven member societies in the following countries: Austria, Belgium,Canada, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, New Zealand, Netherlands,Norway, Saar, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Union of South Africa, United Kingdom,United States of America.

7 COMMISSIONS: (1) Gas Welding: Chairman: Dr. C.G. Keel (Switzerland). (2) Arc Weld-ing: Chairman: Prof. H.E. Jaeger (Netherlands). (3) Resistance Welding: Acting Chair-man: A.W. Ayers (U.K.). (4) Documentation: Chairman: Mile L. Blosset (France).(5) Testing Measurement and Control of Welds: Chairman: Prof. G. A. Homes (Belgium).(6) Terminology: Chairman: F.M.L. van Horenbeeck (Belgium). (7) Standardization:A. Leroy (France). (8) Hygiene and Safety: Chairman: Prof. S. Forssman (Sweden).(9) Weldability: Chairman: Dr. G.C. Geerlings (Netherlands). (10/11) Residual Stressesand Stress Relieving: Chairman: Dr. R. Week (U.K.). (12) Brittle Fractures: ActingChairman: Prof. Dr. Grose (Germany). (13) Fatigue of Welded Assemblies: ActingChairman: H. de Leiris (France). (14) Welding Instruction: Chairman: Prof. S. P.Andersen (Norway). (15) Fundamentals of Design and Fabrication for Welding: Chair-man: Dr. U. Guerrera (Italy).

9 FINANCES: Subscriptions of member countries; subvention from the UATI.

10 MEETINGS : Meetings of the Governing Council and Commissions annually. The Bureauand Commissions meet independently between assemblies if necessary.

11 VOTING: One vote for each National Delegation.

12 PUBLICATIONS: Bibliographical Bulletin for Welding and Allied Processes, quarterly(bilingual: English/French). Annual reports of the Technical Commissions are printedin the national welding reviews published by the member societies of the Institute.

13 RELATIONS WITH OTHER INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS: Founder member of theUnion of International Engineering Organizations.

14 SHORT HISTORY : Founded in Brussels in June 1948, following a number of preliminarymeetings by 24 founder member societies from 13 countries. The Institute now has37 member societies from 19 countries. There were originally 12 technical Commissionsand these are now 15, as well as several sub-commissions. Annual Assemblies have beenheld at Delft 1949; Paris 1950; Oxford and London 1951; Goteborg 1952.

16 COMMENTS: The first chapter of a multilingual Welding Dictionary prepared by theInstitute has recently been published.

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INTERNATIONAL INSTITUTIONFOR PRODUCTION ENGINEERING RESEARCH[COLLEGE INTERNATIONAL POUR L'ETUDE SCIENTIFIQUE DES TECHNIQUES DE PRODUCTION

MECANIQUE]

INTERNATIONALE FORSCHUNGSCEMEINSCHAFT FVR MECHANISCHE PR0DUKT1ONSTECHNIK

2 ADDRESS: 233, boulevard Raspail, Paris-14e, France. Telephone: ODEon 64-56.

3 NATURE: Non-governmental.

4 AIMS: The Society has as its aim: (1) to promote by scientific research the study of themechanical processing of all solid materials, including checks on efficiency and qualityof work; (2) to establish permanent contact between research workers by comparingtheir research programmes and by the exchange of their experimental results; (3) toconvene conferences of research workers in order to synthesize research results and toensure their publication.

5 GOVERNING BODIES : The Society is administered by a President and a General Secre-tary-Treasurer, elected by the titular members and chosen amongst themselves.OFFICERS (until September 1953): President: Prof. Albert Portevin (France); GeneralSecretary-Treasurer: Ingenieur General P. Nicolau (France).

6 MEMBERS : The Society comprises titular members in limited numbers (at present fourper country at the most), and corresponding members whose number is not limited, inthe following countries: Australia, Belgium, France, Germany, Netherlands, Spain,Sweden, Switzerland, United Kingdom, United States of America.

9 FINANCES : The subscription is provisionally set at 10,000 Fr.frs. per annum for eachmember country.

10 MEETINGS : The Society meets in a general assembly of titular members once a year. Inaddition as far as is necessary and convenient, it can call together members for scienti-fic meetings and conferences which shall be held for preference in a research laboratorydirected by one of the members.

11 VOTING: Voting by means of individual bulletins; only titular members are entitled tovote.

13 RELATIONS WITH OTHER INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS: Application for affiliation toUATI under consideration.

14 SHORT HISTORY: Established in 1948 on the initiative of the heads of several importantlaboratories in Belgium, France, Switzerland and the United Kingdom, the Societyreceived its definitive Statutes on 18 June 1951. Its First General Assembly was heldin Paris in September 1951, and its Second in Louvain, Belgium, from 29 Septemberto 2 October 1952.

16 COMMENTS: Third General Assembly planned for autumn 1953.

INTERNATIONAL MECHANICAL ENGINEERINGCONGRESS

[CONGRES INTERNATIONAL DES FABRICATIONS MECANIQUES]

2 ADDRESS: 10, avenue Hoche, Paris-8e, France. Telephone: CARnot 32-77; MAC-Mahon38-00. Cable address: SYNDIMECA PARIS.

3 NATURE: Non-governmental.

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4 AIMS : Promotion of technical knowledge in the field of mechanical engineering.

5 GOVERNING BODIES: Organizing Committee: The Congress is organized by NationalAssociations of Employers in the mechanical engineering industries, one associationonly per country. Each Association nominates one delegate to form the OrganizingCommittee, OFFICERS: President: The Chief Delegate of the host country of eachmeeting; Permanent Secretary: C. de Novar (France).

6 MEMBERS: Associations or Federations in the foDowing countries: Belgium, Denmark,Finland, France, Germany, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Spain, Sweden,Switzerland, United Kingdom.

9 FINANCES : Members dues.

10 MEETINGS: The Organizing Committee meets four or five times a year; the frequencyof the Congress has not been fixed.

12 PUBLICATIONS: Proceedings of the Congresses.

14 SHORT HISTORY: The Congress was created in 1947. First International Congress,Paris, September 1948; Second Congress, Paris, September 1949; Third Congress,Brussels, September 1950; Fourth Congress, Stockholm, June 1952.

16 COMMENTS : The Fifth Congress is planned to take place in the autumn of 1953 in Turin.

INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONFOR STANDARDIZATION (ISO)[ORGANISATION INTERNATIONALE DE NORMALISATION (ISO)]

2 ADDRESS: 39, route de Malagnou, Geneva, Switzerland. Telephone: 6 92 40. Cableaddress: ISORGANIZ GENEVA.

3 NATURE: Non-governmental.

4 AIMS : To promote the development of standards in the world with a view to facilitatinginternational exchange of goods and services and to developing mutual co-operationin the sphere of intellectual, scientific, technological and economic activity. As meansto these ends, inter alia, the Organization may: (a) take action to facilitate co-ordina-tion and unification of national standards and issue necessary recommendations toMember Bodies for this purpose; (b) set up international standards provided, in eachcase, no Member Body dissents; (c) encourage and facilitate, as occasion demands,the development of new standards having common requirement for use in the nationalor international sphere; (d) arrange for exchange of information regarding work of itsMember Bodies and of its Technical Committees; (e) co-operate with other internationalorganizations interested in related matters, particularly by undertaking at their requeststudies relating to standardization projects.

5 GOVERNING BODIES: General Assembly, consisting of delegates nominated by theMember Bodies; Council, consisting of the ISO President and Members, OFFICERS:President: Dr. h.c. Hilding Tornebohm (Sweden, 1955); Vice-President: Dr. Lai C.Verman (India, 1954); Treasurer: W. Ruggaber (Switzerland, 1955); General Secretary:Henry St. Leger (U.S.A.).

6 MEMBERS: Australia, Austria, Belgium, Brazil, Canada, Chile, Czechoslovakia, Denmark,Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, India, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Mexico, Netherlands,New Zealand, Norway, Pakistan, Poland, Portugal, Rumania, Spain, Sweden, Switzer-land, Union of South Africa, Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, United Kingdom,United Stales of America, Uruguay, Yugoslavia.

7 COMMISSIONS : Seventy-six Technical Committees, composed of Member Bodies wishingto participate in the work of the particular Committee: ISO/TC 1: Screw Threads;

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ISO/TC 2: Bolts, JVuts and Accessories; ISO/TC 3: Limits and Fits; ISO/TC 4: Ball andRoller Bearings; ISO/TC 5: Pipes and Fittings; ISO/TC 6: Paper; ISO/TC 7: Rivets;ISO/TC 8: Shipbuilding Details for Sea Navigation; ISO/TC 9: Shipbuilding Details forInland Navigation; ISO/TC 10: Drawings (General Principles); ISO/TC 11: TestPressures for the Acceptance of Stationary Boilers and Unification of Boiler ConstructionCodes; ISO/TC 12: Quantities, Symbols, Units, Conversion Tables; ISO/TC 13: ShaftHeights of Machinery; ISO/TC 14: Shaft Ends; ISO/TC 15: Couplings; ISO/TC 16:Keys; ISO/TC 17: Iron and Steel; ISO/TC 18: Commercial Zinc; ISO/TC 19: PreferredNumbers; ISO/TC 20: Aircraft; ISO/TC 21: Fire Fighting Equipment; ISO/TC 22:Automobiles; ISO/TC 23: Agricultural Machines; ISO/TC 24: Sieves; ISO/TC 25:Cost Iron and Cast Steel; ISO/TC 26: Copper and Copper Alloys; ISO/TC 27: SolidMineral Fuels; ISO/TC 28: Petroleum Products; ISO/TC 29: Small Tools; ISO/TC 30:Measurement of Fluid Flow; ISO/TC 31: Tires, Rims and Valves; ISO/TC 32: SplinedShafts and Hubs; ISO/TC 33: Refractories; ISO/TC 34: Agricultural Products; ISO/TC35: Raw Material for Paints, Varnishes and Similar Products; ISO/TC 36: Cinemato-graphy; ISO/TC 37: Terminology; ISO/TC 38: Textiles; ISO/TC 39: Machine Tools;ISO/TC 40: Upholstery filling Material; ISO/TC 41: Pulley and Belts (includingVee-Belts); ISO/TC 42: Photography; ISO/TC 43: Acoustics; ISO/TC 44: Welding;ISO/TC 45: Rubber; ISO/TC 46: Documentation; ISO/TC 47: Chemistry; ISO/TC 48:Laboratory Glassware and related Apparatus; ISO/TC 49: (Vacant); ISO/TC 50: Lac;ISO/TC 51: Pallets for Unit Load Method of Materials Handling; ISO/TC 52: Herme-tically-sealed Metal Food Containers; ISO/TC 53: Package of Frozen Foods; ISO/TC 54:Essential OUs; ISO/TC 55: Timber (Sizing, Defects); ISO/TC 56: Mica; ISO/TC 57:Surface Finish; ISO/TC 58: Gas Cylinders; ISO/TC 59: Building Construction; ISO/TC60: Gears; ISO/TC 61: Plastics; ISO/TC 62: Sheet and Wire Gauges (Designation ofDiameters and Thicknesses); ISO/TC 63: Screw Threads for Glass Containers; ISO/TC64: Method of Testing for Performance and Efficiency of Fuel using Equipment excludingInternal Combustion Engines; ISO/TC 65: Manganese Ore; ISO/TC 66: Determinationof Viscosity; ISO/TC 67: Material for Pipe Lines and other fixed Installations in theField of the Petroleum Industry; ISO/TC 68: Standardization in the Sphere of Banking;ISO/TC 69: General Definitions relating to Chemical and Physical Test Results; ISO/TC 70:Definitions of Engines and Machines; ISO/TC 71: Concrete and Reinforced Concrete;ISO/TC 72: Textile Machinery and Accessories; ISO/TC 73: Marks indicating Confor-mity with Standards; ISO/TC 74: Hydraulic Binders; ISO/TC 75: Stretchers and StretcherCarriers; ISO/TC 76: Transfusion Equipment for Medical Use; ISO/TC 77: Productsin Asbestos Cement.

9 FINANCES: Annual dues from Member Bodies.

10 MEETINGS: The General Assembly meets at least once every three years; the Councilat least once a year.

11 VOTING: In the General Assembly, each Member Body may nominate not more thanthree representatives, each Member Body having one vote.

12 PUBLICATIONS : The Organization issues the following types of documents: (a) technicaldocuments for study purposes; (b) minutes of meetings of the General Assembly andof the Council; periodical reports, financial statements; (c) recommendations andinternational standards.

13 RELATIONS WITH OTHER INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS: Consultative arrangementswith the United Nations (category b) and Unesco; official relations with other UNspecialized agencies, as well as with several non-governmental international organi-zations. The International Electrotechnical Commission is affiliated to the ISO asa Technical Division.

14 SHORT HISTORY: Founded in London in 1946 to replace the International Federationof the National Standardizing Associations, founded in 1926, and the United NationsStandards Co-ordinating Committee, founded in 1943.

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INTERNATIONAL RADIO MARITIME COMMITTEE(CIRM)

[COMITE INTERNATIONAL RADIO-MARITIME (CIRM)]

2 ADDRESS: 25, boulevard du Regent, Brussels, Belgium. Telephone: 12 50 70. Cableaddress: INTRAMAR BRUSSELS. Technical Secretariat: 109 Eaton Square, London,S.W.I, U.K. Telephone: SLOane 2241 Ext. 2. Cable address: COMINRAM LONDON.

3 NATURE: Non-governmental.

4 AIMS: (a) To study all questions of general interest relating to the installations anddevices associated with radio-aids to marine navigation and radio maritime commu-nications as well as their utilization on board ships, with particular reference to tech-nical, scientific, juridical and traffic questions, and to centralize the documentationreferring thereto; (b) to participate in international or regional conferences, meetingsand committees dealing directly or indirectly with problems associated with theinstallations and devices mentioned above; (c) to foster relations between all organiza-tions interested in marine radio communication services. In order to realize its pro-gramme the CIRM has formed a Technical Committee charged with the study of tech-nical problems and regulations concerning marine radio communications and thesafeguard of life at sea.

5 GOVERNING BODIES : The General Meeting, the Board of Directors and the Secretariat.The Members of the Board of Directors are elected by the General Meeting for amaximum term of three years. At the end of each year, a third of the Members auto-matically retire, but are eligible for re-election, OFFICERS: President: H.C. Van de Velde(U.K.); Vice-Presidents: Th.P. Van den Bergh (Netherlands), A. J. Costigan (U.S.A.);Members: Edouard Flamme (Belgium), Einar Kulvik (Norway), Jean Rebotier (France),W.E. Steidle (Germany), A. Wilkins (Germany); Administrative Secretary: G. Lecourt(Belgium).

6 MEMBERS : Membership of the CIRM is open to organizations and companies possessingcivil personality by virtue of their respective national laws and operating installationsand devices associated with radio aids to marine navigation and radio-maritime com-munications, utilized on board ships other than men of war. Members in the followingcountries: Australia, Belgium, Brazil, Canada, Denmark, France, Germany, Greece,Israel, Italy, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Union of South Africa,United Kingdom, United States of America.

7 COMMISSION: Technical Commission: President: F.P. Best (U.K.); Secretary: E. Fost(U.K.).

8 FACILITIES: Radio Research Establishments and personnel of the various MemberCompanies are at the disposal of the Committee as occasion may demand.

9 FINANCES : The income of the CIRM is derived from the membership fees, the amountof which is fixed each year by the Annual General Meeting. Budget in 1952 amountedto 300,000 B.fr.

10 MEETINGS: A General Meeting is held each year. The Board of Directors and theTechnical Commission meet when convened by their respective Presidents wheneverthe latter deem such meetings necessary.

11 VOTING: Each member organization has one vote.

12 PUBLICATIONS: Reports of the Technical Commission are circulated to the membersas well as to other authorities or organizations interested.

13 RELATIONS WITH OTHER INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS: Relations with the ITU;on the Register of Ecosoc.

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14 SHORT HISTORY: The Comite International Radio-Maritime (CIRM) was constitutedat San Sebastian on 10 September 1928 with the object of improving maritime radio-electric services. The CIRM has sent representatives to all the international conferencessince that of Madrid in 1932 until those of Cairo in 1938 andMontreux in 1939. It hasplayed an active part in the work of the International Radio Consultative Committee(CCIR) and at the meetings which have elaborated the regional arrangements. At eachof these conferences the delegates of the CIRM were designated for committee workand the preparatory studies of the Technical Commission often served as a basis forthe discussions. In September 1946 a meeting took place in Brussels of the represen-tatives of most of the original members of the CIRM for a first exchange of views whichcould serve as a basis for the recommencement of the activities of the CIRM and alsoto establish a plan for its reorganization. To this end new statutes were elaboratedand the Committee was constituted as an association with scientific aims in accordancewith the Belgian law of 25 October 1919. Since its re-constitution in 1947 the CIRMhas sent delegates to the International Conference at Atlantic City 1947, the Con-ference for the Safety of Human Life at Sea, London 1948, the Fifth Meeting of theCCIR in Stockholm 1948, the Regional Maritime Conference of Radiocommunicationsin Copenhagen 1948, the Administrative Radiocommunications Conference for Region Iat Geneva 1949, and the Extraordinary Administrative Radio Conference, Geneva 1951.At each of these Conferences the Technical Commission presented reports and defendedthe interests of radiocommunications.

INTERNATIONAL RAILWAY CONGRESSASSOCIATION (IRCA)

[ASSOCIATION INTERNATIONALE DU CONGRES DES CHEMINS DE PER (AICCF)]

2 ADDRESS : 19, rue du Beau Site, Brussels, Belgium. Telephone: 47 53 35. Cable address:CONGRESFER BRUSSELS.

3 NATURE: Non-governmental.

4 AIMS : To facilitate progress and development of railways by the holding of periodicalCongresses and by means of publications.

5 GOVERNING BODIES: The Association acts through a Permanent Commission composedof ex-Presidents of the Sessions of the Congress, ex~officio members, and electedmembers, whose number is fixed by each Congress. At its first meeting after a Congressthe Permanent Commission nominates three of its members who, with the Presidentand the Vice-Presidents of the Commission, form an Executive Committee. OFFICERS:Executive Committee: President: F.H. Delory (Belgium); Vice-Presidents: E. Goursat(France), P. Ghilain (Belgium); Members: E. Dorges (France), Lord Hurcomb (U.K.),Sir Gilmour Jenkins (U.K.).

6 MEMBERS: Members in the following countries: Argentina, Australia, Austria, Belgium,Bolivia, Brazil, Bulgaria, Burma (Union of), Cambodia, Canada, Ceylon, Chile, China,Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, Dominican Republic, Ecuador,Egypt, El Salvador, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Haiti, Hungary, India, Indo-nesia, Iraq, Iran, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Lebanon, Luxembourg, Mexico, Netherlands,New Zealand, Nicaragua, Norway, Pakistan, Paraguay, Peru, Poland, Portugal,Rumania, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Thailand, Tunisia, Turkey, Union ofSouth Africa, United Kingdom, United States of America, Uruguay, Viet-Nam, Yugoslavia.

9 FINANCES : The expenses of the Congresses, of the Permanent Commission and of theExecutive Committee are covered by (a) the annual subscription of the members;(b) subsidies and other casual receipts.

10 MEETINGS: A Congress every three or four years.

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11 VOTING: Individual voting.

12 PUBLICATIONS : Bulletin, monthly (English, French). Electric Traction on the Railways,every two months.

14 SHORT HISTORY: The International Railway Congress Association is one of the firstscientific and international railway organizations; it was founded in 1885, on theoccasion of the ceremonies to celebrate the fiftieth anniversary of the Belgian Railways.It has since organized the following Congresses: Milan 1887; Paris 1889; St. Petersburg1892; London 1895; Paris 1900; Washington, D.C., 1905; Berne 1910; Rome 1922;London 1925; Madrid 1930; Cairo 1933; Paris 1937; Lucerne 1947; Rome 1950.

16 COMMENTS: The Sixteenth Congress will be held in May 1954 in London.

INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY OF PHOTOGRAMMETRY[SOCIETE INTERNATIONALE DE PHOTOGRAMMETRIE]

2 ADDRESS: C/O Fotogram. Inst. Stockholm 70, Sweden; and c/o Dr. Per Olof Fagevholm,Secretary-General, Bragevagen 8, Stockholm 6, Sweden.

3 NATURE: Non-governmental.

4 AIMS: Co-ordinating the efforts of national societies, institutions, business firms andindividuals for the furtherance of photogrammetry and its applications to science,technology and economics, by means of international congresses, exhibitions, visitsand international publications.

5 GOVERNING BODIES: International Council, OFFICERS: President: Patrik Mogensen

(Sweden); Secretary-General: Dr. Per Olof Fagerholm (Sweden); Treasurer: Sven G.Moller (Sweden); Congress and Exhibition Director: Lars Ahstrand (Sweden); Membersof the Council: Captain O.S. Reading (U.S.A.), Major General R. L. Brown (U.K.),Ing. R. Janicot (France), Prof. W. Schermerhorn (Netherlands).

6 MEMBERS: Austria: Osterreichische Gesellschaft fur Photogrammetrie, FriedrichSchmidtplatz 3, Vienna 8; Belgium: Societe Beige de Photogrammetrie, ResidencePalace, 155, rue de la Loi, Brussels; Czechoslovakia: Cal. Fotogrametrick Spoleonost,Ing. Dr. Josef Kloboucek, Prague I, Husaova tr. 5; Denmark: Dansk FotogrammetriskSelskab, Geodaetisk Institut, Proviantgaarden, Copenhagen K.; Finland: SocieteFinnoise de Photogrammetrie, rue Kirkkokaut 3, Helsinki; France: Societe Franchisede Photogrammetrie, 51, rue de Clichy, Paris-9e; Italy: Societa Italiana di Foto-grammetria, Ignazio Perro, Politecnico, Milan; Netherlands: Nederlandsche Vereenigingvoor Photogrammetrie, Delft, Ir. B. Scherpbier, van Voorschotenlaan, The Hague;Norway: Norsk Fotogrammetrisk Selskap, c/o K. Hollan Hagen, Wilderoe, Flyvesels-kap. Kr. Augustagt. 19, Oslo; Portugal: Associac,ao Portuguesa de Fotogrammetria,Faculdade de Ciencias, R. de Escola Politecnica, Lisbon; Sweden: Svenska Sallskapetfor Fotogrammetri, c/o Kunglica Tekniska Hogskolan, Stockholm 26; Switzerland:Schweizerische Gesellschaft fur Photogrammetrie, p/a Dipl. Ing. F. Kobold, Eidgenos-sische Landestopographie, Seftigenstrasse 264, Wabern-Bern; United States of America:American Society of Photogrammetry, Box 18, Benjamin Franklin Station, Wash-ington, D.C. Individual members: R. H. Field, National Research Council, Ottawa,Canada; Institut Geographique Militaire, Castro 354, Santiago, Chile; Prof. C. A. Hart,University of London, London, W.C.I, U.K.; Prof. S. Piatkiewicz, Rue Lwowska 7,Warsaw, Poland.

7 COMMISSIONS: Photography (U.S.A. and U.K.). Plotting Methods (France). GeodeticApplication (Benelux). Mapping (Italy). Special Applications (Sweden). Training,Terminology and Education (Austria).

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9 FINANCES: Annual membership dues.

10 MEETINGS: International Congresses every four years.

12 PUBLICATIONS: International Archives, Vols. 1-9. Vol. 9 published in 1941. Vol. 10published in 1949 at Delft. Phologrammetria, No. 1 published in 1938, quarterly untildiscontinued with No. 2 of Volume 4 in 1941.

14 SHORT HISTORY: The International Society of Photogrammetry was organized in 1909;Congresses: Vienna 1913; Berlin 1926; Zurich 1930; Paris 1934; Rome 1938; The Hague1948; Washington, D.C., and Dayton, Ohio, 1952.

16 COMMENTS: The Eighth Congress will be held in Sweden in 1956.

INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY OF SOIL MECHANICSAND FOUNDATION ENGINEERING

[SOCIETE INTERNATIONALE DE MECANIQUE DES SOLS ET DES TRAVAUX DE PONDATIONS]

2 ADDRESS: Room 1-330, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge 39, Mass.,U.S.A.

3 NATURE: Non-governmental.

4 AIMS: TO promote international collaboration between scientists and engineers, toarrange for the exchange of information, ideas, the results of research and practicalexperience in soil mechanics and their practical applications.

5 GOVERNING BODIES: Executive Committee consisting of a Chairman, an InternationalSecretary appointed by the Chairman, and one Delegate for each National Committee.OFFICERS: (terms expire August 1953): President: Prof. Karl Terzaghi (U.S.A.);International Secretary: Prof. Donald W. Taylor (U.S.A.).

6 MEMBERS : National Member Societies already formed, or in process of formation inArgentina, Australia, Austria, Belgium, Brazil, Canada, Colombia, Czechoslovakia,Denmark, Egypt, Finland, France, Germany, India, Indonesia, Israel, Italy, Japan,Mexico, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Southern Rhodesia, Spain, Sweden,Switzerland, Turkey, Union of South Africa, United Kingdom, United States of America,Yugoslavia.

9 FINANCES: Finances are handled individually by National Member Societies, whichpay an annual subscription to the International Society of U.S. $15 plus $0.25 permember.

10 MEETINGS: International Conferences are held as a rule every four or five years.

12 PUBLICATIONS : Proceedings of First International Conference 1936, no longer available.Proceedings of Second International Conference, 1948, obtainable (price 75 guilders)from Ir. W. C. van Mierlo, Oostplantsoen 25, Delft, Netherlands. Proceedings of ThirdInternational Conference 1953 may be ordered from the General Secretary, Gloria-strasse 39, Zurich 6, Switzerland.

13 RELATIONS WITH OTHER INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS: Member of the Union ofInternational Engineering Organizations (UATI).

14 SHORT HISTORY : After the first International Congress of Soil Mechanics held in 1936as a part of the celebration of the three-hundredth anniversary of Harvard University,a second Congress, which was originally to have been held in 1940, finally took placein Rotterdam in 1948. The International Society was formally established at thisCongress.

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16 COMMENTS : Third International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engi-neering is scheduled from 16 to 26 August 1953 in Switzerland. Correspondence relativeto this Conference should be addressed to Dr. A. von Moos, General Secretary, Gloria-strasse 39, Zurich 6, Switzerland.

INTERNATIONAL TELECOMMUNICATION UNION(ITU)

• [UNION INTERNATIONALE DES TELECOMMUNICATIONS (UIT)]

UNION INTERNACIONAL DE TELECOMUNICACIONES (UIT)

2 ADDRESS: Palais Wilson, Geneva, Switzerland. Telephone: 2 15 50. Cable address:BURINTERNA GENEVE.

3 NATURE; Intergovernmental.

4 AIMS: To maintain and extend international co-operation for the improvement andrational use of telecommunications of all kinds; to promote the development of tech-nical facilities and their most efficient operation with a view to improving the efficiencyof telecommunication services, increasing their usefulness and making them, so faras possible, generally available to the public; to harmonize the actions of nations inthe attainment of those common ends.

5 GOVERNING BODIES: Plenipotentiary Conference. Administrative Council, OFFICERS:Secretary-General: Leon Mulatier (France); Assistant Secretaries-General: Hugh Towns-hend (U.K.), Gerald C. Gross (U.S.A.).

6 MEMBERS : (This list includes countries, territories or groups of territories which havesigned the ITU Convention or which have acceded to it, plus one marked with anasterisk which must accede before becoming a Member. A few of the signatories of theConvention have not yet ratified it). Afghanistan; Albania; Argentina; Australia;Austria; Belgium; Belgian Congo and Territory of Ruanda Urundi; Bolivia; Brazil; Bul-garia; Burma ( Union of); Byelorussian Soviet SocialistRepublic; Cambodia; Canada; Cey-lon; Chile; China; Colombia; Costa Rica; Cuba; Czechoslovakia; Denmark; DominicanRepublic; Ecuador; Egypt; El Salvador; Ethiopia; Finland; France; French Protectoratesof Morocco and Tunisia; German Federal Republic; Greece; Guatemala; Haiti; Honduras;Hungary; Iceland; India; Indonesia; Iran; Iraq; Ireland; Israel; Italy; Japan; Jordan(Hashemite Kingdom of); Korea; Laos; Lebanon; Liberia; Libya; Luxembourg; Mexico;Monaco; Netherlands, Surinam, Netherlands Antilles, New Guinea; New Zealand;Nicaragua; Norway; Overseas Territories of the French Republic and Territories admi-nistered as such; Pakistan; Panama; Paraguay; Peru; Philippines; Poland; Portugal;Portuguese Colonies; Rumania; Saudi Arabia; Southern Rhodesia; Spain; SpanishZone of the Protectorate of Morocco and the Totality of Spanish Possessions; Sweden;Switzerland; Syria; Thailand; Turkey; Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic; Union ofSouth Africa and Territory of South-West Africa; Union of Soviet Socialist Republics;United Kingdom; Colonies, Protectorates, Overseas Territories and Territories underMandate or Trusteeship of the United Kingdom; United States of America; Uruguay;Territories of the United States of America; Vatican City; Venezuela; Viet-Nam; Yugo-slavia; Yemen*.

ASSOCIATE MEMBERS : British East Africa; British West Africa, Malaya-British BorneoGroup.

1 COMMISSIONS: International Frequency Registration Board (IFRB). InternationalTelegraph Consultative Committee (CCIT). International Telephone ConsultativeCommittee (CCIF). International Radio Consultative Committee (CCIR).

8 FACILITIES: The CCIF has a Laboratory. The ITU has a central Library for the useof the bodies mentioned under 7 above.

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9 FINANCES : Expenses of the Union are borne by the Members and Associate Memberswhich choose a class of contributions.

10 MEETINGS: The Plenipotentiary Conference meets normally every five years; theAdministrative Council normally once a year.

11 VOTING: Each Member has one vote.

12 PUBLICATIONS: ITU regularly publishes service documents essential for use of tele-communication operating services (list of telegraph offices, channels of communication,radio frequencies, etc.). Telecommunication Journal, monthly. All publications arenormally issued in English, French and Spanish.

13 RELATIONS WITH OTHER INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS: ITU is a Specialized Agency

of the United Nations, with which it has concluded a special Agreement.

14 SHORT HISTORY: Founded in 1865 as International Telegraph Union. First Radio-telegraph Convention adopted in 1906. Title of Union changed to International Tele-communication Union by Madrid Conference of 1932 which adopted single InternationalTelecommunication Convention to replace Telegraph Convention of 1875, and Radio-telegraph Convention of 1927. The Madrid Convention was revised at Atlantic Cityin 1947.

15 BIBLIOGRAPHY: Codding, George Arthur: The International Telecommunication Union;an experiment in international co-operation, Leyden, Netherlands, E. J. Brill, 1952.

16 COMMENTS: A revision of the International Telecommunication Convention adoptedby the Plenipotentiary Conference of Buenos Aires 1952, will come into force on1 January 1954.

INTERNATIONAL UNION OF ARCHITECTS (UIA)[UNION INTERNATIONALE DES ARCHITECTES (UIA)]

2 ADDRESS: 15, quai Malaquais, Paris-6e, France. Telephone: BABylone 07-45.

3 NATURE: Non-governmental.

4 AIMS: The object of the Union is to encourage and strengthen the intellectual, artisticand professional links between architects of different countries. It deals with all prob-lems relating to architecture, town-planning and the profession of the architect.

5 GOVERNING BODIES: General Assembly of the Sections. Executive Committee. OFFICERS:President: Sir Patrick Abercrombie (U.K.); Vice-Presidents: Paul Vischer (Switzer-land), Nicolas Baranov (U.S.S.R.), Ralph Walker (U.S.A.); Secretary-General: PierreVago (France); Treasurer: Prof. J. H. van den Broek (Netherlands); Members: AdolfBens (Czechoslovakia), G.B. Ceas (Italy), Andre Gutton (France), Willy van Hove(Belgium), Mohamed Khaled Saad El Dine (Egypt), Hans Erling Langkilde (Denmark),Henrique Mindlin (Brazil), Helena Syrkus (Poland).

6 MEMBERS: Members in the following countries: Argentina, Belgium, Brazil, Bulgaria,Canada, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, Egypt, Finland, France, Greece, Iceland, Israel,Italy, Lebanon, Mexico, Morocco, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Sweden,Switzerland, Tunisia, Turkey, Union of the Soviet Socialist Republics, United Kingdom,United States of America, Yugoslavia.

7 COMMISSIONS: The Union has 12 Working Commissions: (1) Permanent Commissionon International Competitions of Architecture and Town Planning: Chairman: PaulVischer (Switzerland); (2) Commission on Documentation: Chairman: G. B. Ceas(Italy); (3) Commission on International Exhibitions of Architecture and Town Planning:Chairman: Marcel Lathuilliere (France); (4) Commission on Building Industrialization:

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Chairman: Marcel Lods (France); (5) Commission on the Forming of the Architect:Chairman: Prof. William Dunkel (Switzerland); (6) Commission on the Social Positionof the Architect: Chairman: Prof. A. Bens (Czechoslovakia); (7) Commission on PublicHealth: Chairman: Paul Vischer (Switzerland); (8) Town Planning Commission:Chairman: Prof. Cesare Chiodi (Italy); (9) Finance Commission; (10) Commission onArtistic Property: Chairman: Paul Vischer (Switzerland); (11) Housing Commission:Chairman: Henri LeMeme (France); (12) Commission on School Buildings: Chairman:(vacant).

9 FINANCES: Membership dues.

10 MEETINGS: The Executive Committee meets once a year; the Assembly, every twoyears, during the International Congresses.

11 VOTING: The Sections have the right to representation at the Assembly proportionalto their number of architects (one to five delegates). In consequence, each countryhas as many votes as representatives.

12 PUBLICATIONS: Information Bulletin, distributed to Sections, every two months.Proceedings of Congresses and Resolutions of the Assembly and Executive Committee.

13 RELATIONS WITH OTHER INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS: Consultative arrangementswith UN and Unesco, and relations with WHO. Relations and exchanges with theInternational Federation for Housing and Town Planning and with the InternationalCongresses for Modern Architecture.

14 SHORT HISTORY: The Union was founded at Lausanne in 1948 by the fusion of twointernational organizations of architects, the International Reunion of Architects andthe Permanent International Committee of Architects. It held its Second Congressin Morocco in September 1951. The subjects under discussion were illustrated by aninternational exhibition on architecture, which made a successive tour of the Medi-terranean countries. The Third Congress was held at Lisbon in May 1953. The Unionhas established International Rules for competitions in architecture and town planningwhich have been applied in numerous countries. Turkey, Ethiopia and Finland haveorganized important competitions on this basis.

15 BIBLIOGRAPHY: Numerous technical papers and reviews of various countries publishthe press notices and reports of the activities of the Union.

16 COMMENTS : The Union sent a delegation to the International Conference of Artists,Venice September 1952.

PERMANENT INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATIONOF NAVIGATION CONGRESSES (PIANC)

[ASSOCIATION INTERNATIONALE PERMANENTE DES CONGRES DE NAVIGATION (AIPCN)]

2 ADDRESS: Residence Palace, Quarter Central, 6e Etage, 155, rue de la Loi, Brussels,Belgium. Telephone: 33 96 70; 33 98 60.

3 NATURE: Non-governmental.

4 AIMS: To promote the progress of inland and maritime navigation by developinginternational relations between specialists through congresses and publications.

5 GOVERNING BODIES: Permanent International Commission, consisting of delegateschosen by their Governments, of the various countries represented on the Association.Permanent Council, composed of representatives chosen from among the members ofthe Permanent Commission by their Governments. Executive Committee, comprisingtwo Presidents and a Secretary-General, who may be assisted by Secretaries specially

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entrusted with translations, and also by an accountant, is appointed by the PermanentInternational Commission; its members are nationals of the country in which theCommission has its seat (Belgium), OFFICERS: Presidents: Viscount Alois Van deVyvere (Belgium), Robert de Naeyer (Belgium); Secretary-General: Joseph Millecam(Belgium); Honorary Members: Prof. Eugene Francois (Belgium), Sir Cyril Kirkpatriek,M.I.C.E., (U.K.), Sir Leopold H. Savile, K.C.B., M.I.C.E., (U.K.); De Jure Members:Duarte Abecasis (Portugal), R. B. Dunwoody, O.B.E., (U.K.), Joseph Millecam(Belgium), A. Pallucchini (Italy), Viscount Alois Van de Vyvere (Belgium).

6 MEMBERS : (a) Individual members in the following countries and territories: Algeria 6,Argentina 47, Australia 1, Belgian Congo 1, Belgium 104, Brazil 44, Chile 1, Czecho-slovakia 8, Denmark 29, Egypt 1, France 141, French Equatorial Africa 2, Germany 26,Greece 2, India 2, Indonesia 1, Iran 1, Ireland 3, Italy 91, Mexico 1, Morocco 2, Nether-lands 129, New Zealand 2, Norway 13, Poland 2, Portugal 50, Rumania 1, Senegal 1,Sudan 1, Spain 121, Sweden 35, Switzerland 8, Tunisia 3, Union of South Africa 1,United Kingdom 50, United States of America 621, Venezuela 1; (b) Corporation memberscomprising private and public bodies in the following countries and territories: Algeria 4,Angola 1, Australia 6, Belgian Congo 1, Belgium 28, Brazil 6, Ceylon 1, Czechoslovakia 7,Denmark 7, Egypt 1, France 100, Germany 8, India 2, Indonesia 1, Ireland 1, Ita?y 42,Netherlands 27, JVewi Zealand 1, Norway 11, Peru 1, Portugal 10, Senegal 2, Spain 34,Sweden 13, Switzerland 43, Union of South Africa 1, United Kingdom 12, United Statesof America 14, Uruguay 1; (c) Government Members and other bodies: Algeria, Austria,Argentina, Belgian Congo, Belgium, Brazil, Cameroons, Central Commission for RhineNavigation, C/ii7e, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, Egypt, Finland, France, French EquatorialAfrica, French Oceania, French Somaliland, French West Africa, Gambia, Germany,India, International Suez Canal Company, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Madagascar, Mexico,Monaco, Morocco, Netherlands, Norway, Pakistan, Poland, Portugal, Spain, Sweden,Switzerland, Tunisia, Uganda, Union of South Africa, United Kingdom, United Statesof America, Venezuela, Viet-Nam.

1 COMMISSIONS : International Committee on Wave Action. International Committee for theStudy of Depths to be created in Seaports and their Entrances. International Committeefor the International Standardization of Seaport Statistics.

8 FACILITIES: Documentation service in the form of publication (see 12 below).

9 FINANCES: Subscriptions from individual members and subsidies from governmentalmembers.

10 MEETINGS: The Permanent International Commission meets yearly at Brussels;International Navigation Congresses are held every four years.

11 VOTING: Governments may appoint one official delegate, having a right to vote atevery Congress, for each 1,500 B.fr. of their annual subsidy. This figure is reducedto 400 B.fr. in the case of corporations. Individual members are entitled to attendand vote at every Congress.

12 PUBLICATIONS : PIANC Bulletin, twice yearly. Illustrated Technical Dictionary (Eng-lish, Dutch, French, German, Italian and Spanish), comprising 15 vols., namely:I. Water and the Sea (in preparation). II. Rivers, Streams, Canals. III. Coasts andShores (planned). IV. Boats and Vessels, Propulsion (in preparation). V. Materials.VI. Constructional Methods and Plant (in preparation). VII. Ports. VIII. Locks andDry Docks. IX. Fixed and Movable Bridges (planned). X. River Weirs. XI. Tunnels,Siphons, Lifts and Aqueducts (planned). XII. Maritime Signals. XIII. Equipment (inpreparation). XIV. Staff, Administration and Operation (in preparation). XV. Foun-dations (planned). Papers of Congresses. Proceedings of Congresses. Rivers, Canals andPorts, bibliographical notes, in six vols., 1898-1930.

13 RELATIONS WITH OTHER INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS: The PIANC is a member ofthe Union of International Engineering Organizations. The PIANC has consultativestatus, Category B, with Ecosoc.

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14 SHORT HISTORY: The PIANC was set up in 1900 in Paris. The following InternationalNavigation Congresses have been held: I. Brussels 1885; II. Vienna 1886; III. Frank-fort-on-the Main 1888; IV. Manchester 1890; V. Paris 1892; VI. The Hague 1894;VII. Brussels 1898; VIII Paris 1900; IX. Dusseldorf 1902; X. Milan 1905; XI. St.Petersburg 1908; XII. Philadelphia 1912; XIII. London 1923; XIV. Cairo 1926;XV. Venice 1931; XVI. Brussels 1935; XVII. Lisbon 1949. A River-Water UtilizationCongress was held in Paris in 1889. Two Maritime Works Congresses have been held,the first in Paris in 1889, the second in London in 1893.

16 COMMENTS: The Eighteenth International Navigation Congress will be held in Romefrom 13 to 24 September 1953. During and after the Congress there will be varioustechnical excursions and visits to Naples, Genoa, Venice, etc. Over 120 papers andgeneral reports have been proposed for discussion at the Congress.

PERMANENT INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATIONOF ROAD CONGRESSES (PIARC)

[ASSOCIATION INTERNATIONALE PERMANENTE DES CONGRES DE LA ROUTE (AIPCR)]

2 ADDRESS: 2, rue Paul Cezanne, Paris-8e, France. Telephone: BALzac 50-32.

3 NATURE: Semi-governmental.

4 AIMS: TO promote progress in road building, equipment, maintenance, traffic andutilization.

5 GOVERNING BODIES: Permanent International Commission, consisting of the delegatesof Member Governments (a maximum of 15 delegates for each Government), whichappoints an Executive Committee, OFFICERS: Chairman: D. Boutet (France); Vice-Chairmen: Baron R.H. de Vos van Steenwijk (Netherlands), Major A.E. Aldington,C.B., M.I.C.E., M.I.T. (U.K.); Secretary-General: E. Naud (France); Members: W.Schurter (Switzerland), B. Borjeson (Sweden), R. de Mesquita Lima (Portugal).

6 MEMBERS : Corporative (Governments, administrations or associations) and individual.The following countries and territories have joined the Association: Algeria, Argentina,Australia, Belgium, Brazil, Cambodia, Cameroons, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, Egypt,Finland, France, French Equatorial Africa, French West Africa, Germany, Greece,India, Indonesia, Iran, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Luxembourg, Madagascar, Mexico,Monaco, Morocco, Netherlands, Nigeria, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Spain, Sweden,Switzerland, Thailand, Tunisia, Turkey, United Kingdom, Viet-Nam. In addition,there are National Committees embracing private groups in the following countries:Belgium, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, Italy, Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, Switzerland,United Kingdom.

8 FACILITIES: A large library and documentation service.

9 FINANCES: Members subscriptions.

12 PUBLICATIONS: Reports and Proceedings of Congresses. Technical Dictionary. Bulletin,periodically.

13 RELATIONS WITH OTHER INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS: The Association is a foundermember of the Union of International Engineering Organizations.

14 SHORT HISTORY: The Association was founded in 1909, after the First InternationalRoad Congress, Paris 1908. It held its Ninth Congress in Lisbon in September 1951.

16 COMMENTS: The Tenth Congress is planned for 1955 in Istambul.

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PERMANENT INTERNATIONAL COMMITTEEON ACETYLENE, OXY-ACETYLENE WELDING

AND ALLIED INDUSTRIES (CPI)[COMMISSION PERMANENTE INTERNATIONALE DE L ' A C E T Y L E N E , DE LA SOUDURE AUTOGENE

ET DES INDUSTRIES QUI S'Y RATTACHENT (CPl)]

2 ADDRESS: 32, boulevard de la Chapelle, Paris-18e, France. Telephone: NORd 36-32.Cable address: OFISOUD 58 PARIS.

3 NATURE: Non-governmental.

4 AIMS : Centralization, discussion and settlement of all questions, except those of purelycommercial or financial interest, concerning the abovementioned and allied industriesas well as the co-ordination of all efforts aimed at regularizing international regulations.Preparation of International Congresses on Acetylene, Oxy-Acetylene Welding andAllied Industries and immediate publication of the communications made at theseCongresses and of their decisions and resolutions. Transmission to all national and inter-national organizations of communications concerning the Acetylene and Oxy-AcetyleneWelding Industry which may interest these organizations.

5 GOVERNING BODIES: Bureau: OFFICERS: President: J. Gall (France, 1955); Vice-Presi-dents: G. Ancion (Belgium, 1953), C. H. Van den Houten (Netherlands, 1953), A.Stephenson (U.K., 1954), A. Lang (Switzerland, 1954); Secretaries-General: MissL. Blosset (France, 1954), A. Leroy (France, 1954).

6 MEMBERS: Organizations and bodies in the following countries: Argentina, Austria,Belgium, Brazil, Canada, Denmark, Egypt, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland,Italy, Mexico, Morocco, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden,Switzerland, Tunisia, United Kingdom, United States of America. In addition, there are63 delegates, representatives of Professional Associations and Groups of interestedIndustries in the different member countries.

7 COMMISSIONS: Calcium Hydrocarbon: Chairman: A. Lang (Switzerland). Oxy-AcetyleneWelding: Chairman: C. G. Keel (Switzerland). Compressed Gas: Chairman: M. Philippon(France). Flames: Chairman: G. Ancion (Belgium).

9 FINANCES: Members subscriptions, fixed each year.

10 MEETINGS: TWO meetings yearly, one of them at the seat of the Secretariat, Paris.

11 VOTING: By country.

12 PUBLICATIONS: Bulletin, roneoed, bi-annually, after each Session.

13 RELATIONS WITH OTHER INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS: Frequent relations with theInternational Institute of Welding.

14 SHORT HISTORY: Founded on 15 December 1923, by the Eighth International Congresson Acetylene and Oxy-Acetylene Welding in Paris. Since then the Committee has metregularly twice a year. It has organized various Internationa] Congresses on Acetyleneand Oxy-Acetylene Welding since its foundation, established international standardsof Calcium Hydrocarbon and determined various technical rules.

PERMANENT INTERNATIONAL COMMITTEEOF UNDERGROUND TOWN PLANNING[COMITE PERMANENT INTERNATIONAL D'URBANISME SOUTERRAIN (CPIUS)]

2 ADDRESS: 94, rue Saint-Lazare, Paris-9e, France. Telephone: PIGalle 60-44.3 NATURE: Non-governmental.

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4 AIMS : To follow the evolution of town planning and underground techniques and to actas a link between National Committees of Underground Techniques and Town Planning;to act as a Consultative Committee, to whom Governments, collectivities and publicor private administrations may apply; to assure diffusion of the theories and tech-niques of the science of the subsoil by teaching, publications, lectures, congresses, etc.;to prepare International Congresses of Underground Town Planning and Techniques,decide the programmes, transmit to Governments the resolutions of these Congressesand do the maximum to ensure their being considered and carried out. The Congressesare organized at the expense of the interested National Committee.

5 GOVERNING BODIES: OFFICERS: Honorary President: J. P. van Bruggen (Netherlands);Honorary Vice-President: Prof. P. Lavedan (France); President: Dr. J.G. Ramaker(Netherlands); Vice-Presidents: Prof. E.C.W.A. Geuze (Netherlands), Prof. R. Dubri-say (France), Prof. R. Pietkowski (Poland); Secretary-General: Ed. Utudjian (France);Secretaries: M. Argouges (France), E. Maigrot (France), Gail A. Hathaway (U.S.A.);Treasurer: A. Baudran (France); Deputy-Treasurer: A.E.C. Plagnard (France).

6 MEMBERS: National Committees in the following countries: Belgium, France, Nether-lands, Spain, United Kingdom. In addition, the following countries sent delegates tothe Constitutive Meeting of the Committee and to the Second World Congress inRotterdam, June 1948: Cuba, Italy, Poland, Portugal, United States of America.

9 FINANCES : Contributions of the National Committees, donations and legacies.

12 PUBLICATIONS: Proceedings of the First International Congress of Underground TownPlanning, Paris 1937. Proceedings of the Second World Congress of Underground Tech-niques and Town Planning, Rotterdam 1948. Le Monde Souterrain, bi-monthly.

13 RELATIONS WITH OTHER INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS: Contacts with various nationaland international societies of engineers, technicians, architects, town planners andspeleologists.

14 SHORT HISTORY: Founded on 12 July 1937 at the First International Congress of Under-ground Town Planning.

15 BIBLIOGRAPHY: Le Monde Souterrain, bi-monthly. VUrbanisme Souterrain (Ed.Utudjian), f Collection Que Sais-Jet), Presses Universitaixes de France, Paris.

UNION OF INTERNATIONALENGINEERING ORGANIZATIONS (UATI)

[UNION DES ASSOCIATIONS TECHNIQUES INTERNATIONALES (uATl)]

2 ADDRESS: 62, rue de Courcelles, Paris-8e, France. Telephone: WAGram 66-51.

3 NATURE: Non-governmental.

4 AIMS : The Union consists of non-governmental international engineering organizations.These must be concerned with international collaboration between specialists in clearlydefined fields of the engineering sciences and must have, in at least 10 countries notsituated in the same geographical region, National Committees or a substantial numberof members. The governing bodies of these organizations must themselves have aninternational membership without geographical limitation.

5 GOVERNING BODIES: The Executive Council is elected for six years by the GeneralAssembly, and consists of one Chairman, three Vice-Chairmen and five Members.The mandate of the present Executive Council began on 2 March 1951. OFFICERS:Chairman: L. Cambournac (France); Vice-chairmen; M. Brabant (Belgium), A. N.Khosla (India), L. G. Straub (U.S.A.); Members: D. Boutet (France), Sir V. de Ferranti

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(U.S.A.), W. C. van Mierlo (Netherlands), J. Millecam (Belgium), R. A. Schmidt(Switzerland); Secretary-General: B. de Comminges (France).

6 MEMBERS: The following organizations are members of the Union: Permanent Inter-national Association of Road Congresses; International Institute of Welding; Inter-national Association for Hydraulic Research; International Society of Soil Mechanicsand Foundation Engineering; International Conference for Large Electric Systems(CIGRE); Union of Testing and Research Laboratories on Materials and Structures(RILEM); World Power Conference; International Commission on Irrigation andDrainage; International Gas Union; International Commission on Large Dams of theWorld Power Conference; International Association of Bridge and Structural Engineer-ing; Permanent International Association of Navigation Congresses.

7 COMMISSIONS: The Union has set up a Technical Dictionaries and Documentation Com-mittee which held its first meeting in Paris in October 1951. This Committee aims atco-ordinating the efforts of the member organizations in their tasks of creating andpublishing multilingual dictionaries and documentary bulletins. The work of thisCommittee as well as that within the organizations themselves, is carried out in closecollaboration with the division concerned of the Department of Natural Sciences ofUnesco.

9 FINANCES: Members subscriptions, subsidies, voluntary contributions and legacies.

10 MEETINGS: The Executive Council meets in principle at least once a year. The GeneralAssembly meets ordinarily every three years. The First General Assembly took placeon 27 May 1952 in Paris.

11 VOTING: At the General Assembly each organization may delegate up to five personsas representatives. Voting takes place by delegation, each delegation having a singlevote.

12 PUBLICATIONS: NO publications proper to the Union. Multilingual publications by mem-ber organizations in particular: Proceedings of international congresses; DocumentationBulletin of Welding; Dictionary of Welding Terms (six languages); Dictionary of SoilMechanics; Technical Dictionary on Testing of Materials (three languages); Dictionaryon Irrigation and Drainage (two languages); Technical Dictionary on Dams, secondedition (six languages).

13 RELATIONS WITH OTHER INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS: Consultative status with the

UN and consultative arrangements with Unesco.

14 SHORT HISTORY: The UATI was constituted under the aegis of Unesco in 1950 with aview to creating an organic link and a means of rational co-ordination between thoseorganizations devoted to international relations in the field of the engineering sciences(international congresses, documentary publications, etc.) and in order to facilitatecollaboration between Unesco and these organizations.

UNION OF TESTINGAND RESEARCH LABORATORIES FOR MATERIALS

AND STRUCTURES[REUNION DES LABORATOIRES D'ESSAIS ET DE RECHERCHES SUR LES MATERIAUX ET LES

CONSTRUCTIONS (RILEM)]

2 ADDRESS: 12, rue Brancion, Paris-15e, France. Telephone: VAUgirard 60-50.

3 NATURE: Non-governmental.

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4 AIMS : To assure co-operation at the international level between directors of laboratoriesdealing with research and testing of materials and constructions. The Union organizesStudy Commissions, keeps up to date a General Record of Research carried out invarious Laboratories, organizes the exchange of scientific workers and compiles aDictionary on Testing of Materials.

5 GOVERNING BODIES : The Union is composed of representatives of the various participat-ing countries (one for each country). The only permanent executive body is the Secre-tary-General, OFFICERS: President: Lobry de Bruyn (Netherlands); Secretary-General:R. L'Hermitte (France).

6 MEMBERS: Members in: Argentina, Australia, Austria, Belgium, Brazil, Canada,Czechoslovakia, Denmark, Egypt, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Indonesia, Italy,Japan, Mexico, Morocco, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Spain, Sweden,Switzerland, Tunisia, Union of South Africa, United Kingdom, United States of America,Viet-Nam, Yugoslavia.

7 COMMISSIONS: Commission for the Study of Cement Testing.

9 FINANCES : Members subscriptions. In 1952-53 25,000 Fr.fr. per country.

10 MEETINGS : Yearly meetings.

12 PUBLICATIONS: Bulletin, monthly.

13 RELATIONS WITH OTHER INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS: Member of the Union of

International Engineering Organizations.

14 SHORT HISTORY: On the initiative of Messrs. Ros, L'Hermite and Campus, a meetingof directors of laboratories was held in Paris in June 1947. Further meetings were heldat Sorrento, Italy in May 1948; at Zurich in September 1949; at Liege in June 1950;in Madrid in May 1951, and at Trondheim, Norway, in August 1952.

15 BIBLIOGRAPHY: 'Mesure de la granulometrie et de la surface specifique des ciments'(J. Brocard), Annales, No. 113, Januaryl950. 'Les betons legers' (R. Dutron), Annales,No. 138, June 1950. 'Recherches sur l'utilisation rationnelle des debris de demolitiondans les betons et les mortiers destines a la construction d'habitations' (A. Kobylinski),Annales, No. 84, July-August 1949. 'Dimensionnement experimental des constructions:Theories et Methodes de Calcul, No. 16' (M. Rocha), Annales, No. 235, February 1952.'La conception et le calcul du coefficient de securite dans les constructions en betonarme' (E. Torroja), Annales, No. 194, June 1951.

WORLD PETROLEUM CONGRESS[CONGRES MONDIAL DU PETROLE]

2 ADDRESS: 26 Portland Place, London, W.I., U.K. Telephone: LANgham 2250. Cableaddress: INSTPETECH LONDON.

3 NATURE: Non-governmental.

4 AIMS : To draw and concentrate public attention on the present state of the scienceand technique of the petroleum industry; stimulate on the international level the studyof the science and technology of petroleum and related industries; to initiate debateson all problems, whatever they may be, concerning the petroleum industry; to supplyall those who deal with scientific and technical development in the field of petroleumand connected fields, facilities for the free exchange of knowledge and information; tofacilitate personal contacts between scientists, technicians and technologists of manycountries; to show consumers of petroleum products that the petroleum industrysupplies the best products science and technique can create.

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5 GOVERNING BODIES : Permanent Council, consisting of representatives of the followingcountries: Belgium, Canada, France, Netherlands, United Kingdom, United States ofAmerica, Venezuela, OFFICERS: President: E.J. Murphree (U.S.A.); Secretary-General:D.A. Hough (U.K.).

6 MEMBERS: The countries represented on the Permanent Council.

14 SHORT HISTORY: The First World Petroleum Congress was held in London in 1933, andwas organized by the Institute of Petroleum, 26 Portland Place, London. At thatCongress the Council of World Petroleum Congresses was set up and the permanentsecretariat was placed with the Institute. In 1937, the Second Congress was held inParis and the Third Congress was planned to take place in Berlin in 1940, but due tothe war, took place, in fact, at The Hague from 28 May to 6 June 1951.

WORLD POWER CONFERENCE (WPC)[CONFERENCE MONDIALE DE L'ENERGIE]

2 ADDRESS: Central Office: 201-2 Grand Buildings, Trafalgar Square, London, W.C.2,U.K. Telephone: WHItehall 3966. Cable address: WORPOWCON LONDON.

3 NATURE: Non-governmental.

4 AIMS: The purpose of the World Power Conference is to consider how the sources ofheat and power may be adjusted nationally and internationally, by considering thepotential resources of each country, in hydro-electric power, coal, oil and other fuelsand minerals; by comparing experiences in scientific agriculture, irrigation and trans-portation by land, air and water; by conferences of engineers, technical experts and fuelexperts and authorities on scientific and industrial research; by consultations betweenthe consumers of fuel and power and the manufacturers of power production material;by conferences on technical education to review the educational methods in differentcountries and to consider means by which natural resources may be improved; bydiscussions on the financial and economic aspects of industry, at the national and inter-national levels; by conferences on the possibility of establishing a permanent worldbureau for the collection of data, the preparation of inventories of world resources,and the exchange of industrial and scientific information through appointed represen-tatives in the various countries.

5 GOVERNING BODIES: International Executive Council consisting of representatives ofNational Committees and of appropriate national agencies in member countries withno National Committee (one vote for each National Committee; the representativesof national agencies do not vote except on financial questions affecting their respectivecountries), OFFICERS: President: Sir Harold Hartley, K.C.V.O., C.B.E., F.R.S. (U.K.,1950-56); Chairman of the International Executive Council: Sir Vincent de Ferranti,M.C. (U.K., 1950-56); Vice-Chairmen: A. N. Khosla (India, 1952-55), A. J. Alves deSouza (Brazil, 1951-54); Gail A. Hathaway (U.S.A., 1952-55); Secretary of the Inter-national Executive Council: C. H. Gray (U.K.).

6 MEMBERS: National Committees consisting of collective and individual members;governments, groups or individuals in countries with no National Committee. NationalCommittees have been formed in the following countries: Argentina, Australia, Austria,Belgium, Brazil, Canada, Chile, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, Egypt, Finland, France,German Federal Republic, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Ireland, Israel,Italy, Japan, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Sweden, Switzer-land, Turkey, Union of South Africa, Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, United King-dom, United Slates of America, Uruguay, Yugoslavia. There are representatives in:Ceylon, New Zealand, Pakistan.

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7 COMMISSIONS : The International Commission on Large Dams of the World Power Con-ference (CIGB) was founded in 1929 under the auspices of the French Government.It enjoys complete technical, administrative and financial autonomy. The Inter-national Executive Council appoints standing and ad hoc committees. An exampleof the former category is the Committee on Atomic Energy, appointed in 1945.

9 FINANCES : Annual contributions from National Committees according to a scale fixedby the International Executive Council; special contributions; proceeds from the saleof publications, etc.

10 MEETINGS : Plenary Conferences are held at intervals of six years. Sectional Meetingsare held at irregular intervals, usually two or three such meetings taking place betweensuccessive Plenary Conferences. The International Executive Council meets usuallyonce a year; occasionally twice in a year.

11 VOTING: At Conferences technical resolutions are voted upon by individual members.However, it is provided in the By Laws that such resolutions shall not be deemed torepresent the views or the actions of the World Power Conference unless or until theyhave been approved by the International Executive Council. For voting at meetings ofthe International Executive Council, see 5 above.

12 PUBLICATIONS: No journal or periodical bulletin. Transactions of the Conferenceslisted (see 14 below); Annual Reports. Statistical Yearbook No. 1, 1933-34; No. 2,1934-35; No. 3,1935-36; No. 4,1936-46; No. 5,1946-48; JVo. 6, in preparation. TechnicalData on Fuel, fifth edition, 1950. Power Survey on the World: Potential and Developed,1929 (out of print). A Survey of the Present Organization of Standardisation—Nationaland International, 1936.

13 RELATIONS WITH OTHER INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS: Category B ConsultativeStatus with Ecosoc; consultative arrangements with Unesco; official relations withITU; a founder member of the Union of International Engineering Organizations.

14 SHORT HISTORY: The World Power Conference was founded in 1924 hi the United King-dom and has since organized the following meetings: First World Power Conference,London, 1924; Second World Power Conference, Berlin, 1930; Third World PowerConference, Washington, 1936; Fourth World Power Conference, London, 1950.Sectional Meetings: Basle, 1926 (Hydraulic Power and Inland Navigation); London,1926 (Fuel Conference); Barcelona, 1928 (Hydraulic Resources); Tokyo, 1929; Scan-dinavia, 1933; London, 1936 (Chemical Engineering Congress); Vienna, 1938; TheHague, 1947 (Fuel Economy Conference); New Delhi, 1951.

15 BIBLIOGRAPHY: Yearbook of International Organizations, 1951-52, pp. 753-5. Inter-national Non-Governmental Organizations (Lyman C. White) pp. 11, 96-8, 99, 290.The Structure of Private International Organizations (Lyman C. White), pp. 223-7.'Some Notes on the Organization of International Congresses' (C. H. Gray), Bulletinof the Union of International Associations, January 1952, pp. 11-17.

16 COMMENTS: The next Conference will be a Sectional Meeting to be held at Rio de Ja-neiro, 25 July-8 August 1954. The topics to be dealt with centre round the specialenergy problems of the tropical and sub-tropical countries.

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REGIONAL ORGANIZATIONS

CONTINENTAL SCIENTIFIC GLASS UNION[UNION SCIENTIFIQUE CONTINENTALE DU VERRE (USCV)]

2 ADDRESS: Secretariat: c/o Institut National dn Verre, 24, rue Dourlet, Charleroi,Belgium. Telephone: 32 93 18.

3 NATURE: Non-governmental.

4 AIMS : Promotion of scientific collaboration in the field of glass and related products.Organization and co-ordination of research in order to solve problems concerning glassand related products. Organization of congresses. Contacts with other scientific organ-izations.

5 GOVERNING BODIES: Administrative Council, OFFICERS: President: B. Long (France);Vice-Presidents: A. Deschamps (Belgium), J. M. Stevels (Netherlands); Member:P. Gilard (Belgium); Treasurer: G. Henry (Belgium); Secretary: H. Vandecapelle(Belgium).

6 MEMBERS: 60 members in the following countries: Belgium, France, Netherlands,Switzerland.

9 FINANCES: Members subscriptions.

10 MEETINGS : In principle two days devoted to scientific and technical matters each year.

13 RELATIONS WITH OTEER INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS: Working relations with theInternational Commission on Glass.

14 SHORT HISTORY: Founded on 29 March 1950, the Union has held meetings at Charleroi,12 June 1950 and 11 December 1950; Paris, 9 July 1951; Charleroi, 10 December 1951;Paris, 28 April 1952.

15 BIBLIOGRAPHY: Moniteur Beige, 10 June 1950, Annexe 1644, p. 647. Verres et Refrac-taires, Paris 1950, 1951, 1952. Silicates industriels, Brussels, 1950, 1951, 1952.

INTERNATIONAL COMMISSION ON RULES FOR THEAPPROVAL OF ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT (CEE)

[COMMISSION INTERNATIONALE DE R&GLEMENTATION EN VUE DE L'APPROBATION DE L ' E Q U I P E -MENT ELECTRIQUE (CEE)]

2 ADDRESS: Secretariat: Utrechtseweg 210, Arnhem, Netherlands. Telephone: 21441.

3 NATURE: Non-governmental.

4 AIMS : To define the conditions with which certain types of electrical equipment shouldcomply in order to protect the public against the risks which may result from the useof equipment of poor quality, particularly from the point of view of danger to life orof fire. The Commission is mainly concerned with electrical equipment in common useas employed in domestic installations, workshops and the like. It endeavours to bringabout as much uniformity as possible between the national regulations in force in themember countries, and issues specifications which express as nearly as possible an inter-national consensus of opinion on the subjects dealt with.

5 GOVERNING BODIES: Plenary Assembly. President: Prof. Dr. J. C. van Staveren (Nether-lands).

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6 MEMBERS: Specialized organizations in the following member countries: Belgium,Czechoslovakia, Denmark, Finland, France, Hungary, Italy, Netherlands, Norway,Poland, Sweden, Switzerland, United Kingdom. -;t

7 COMMISSIONS : Editing, Testing Laboratories, International Test Mark, Insulated Cables,Plugs, sockets and switches, Earth-leakage circuit-breakers, Plugs and sockets for appara-tus, Lampholders, Motor-operated appliances for domestic purposes, Cooking and heatingappliances for domestic purposes, Radio-receiving and amplifying apparatus, and appara-tus for the suppression of radio interference, Electric fences, Lighting fittings and auxili-aries, Small transformers, Fuses.

9 FINANCES : No membership fees and no budget. The only collective expenses, those ofprinting the Specifications are met by the member bodies in proportion to their re-quirements, under reserve of a minimum fixed in advance. In addition, each memberbody pays the expenses involved by its own activities in connexion with the work ofthe CEE.

10 MEETINGS : Meetings of the Plenary Assembly are held twice a year in conjunction withthe meetings of three or four Technical Committees.

11 VOTING: In Plenary Assembly, each country has one vote. When the votes are equallydivided, the President has the casting ballot.

12 PUBLICATIONS: Specification for mains-operated radio receiving apparatus. Specificationfor rubber-insulated cables and flexible cords. MOD 1. Amendments to the specification forrubber-insulated cables and flexible cords. Specification for Edison screw lampholdersforincandescent lamps. Specification for cartridge fuse-links for miniature fuses. Specificationfor mains-operated electric fence controllers. Modification of the specification for mains-operated electric fence controllers for controllers with metal enclosures. Specification forbattery-operated electric fence controllers. Specification for plugs and socket-outlets fordomestic and similar purposes. CEE, Aim, Structure and Results. The approval of elec-trical equipment. All the foregoing publications in English and French.

13 RELATIONS WITH OTHER INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS: Official agreement with theInternational Electro technical Commission.

14 SHORT HISTORY: In 1926 an organization known as the 'Installationsfragenkommission'(IFK) was founded. Its first meeting, in which delegates from four countries took part,was held in April 1926 in Berlin. The number of participating countries gradually in-creased to 13 as the aims of the organization became more clearly defined. After WorldWar II interrupted contacts were at once resumed and the IFK, which became theCEE, went on with a task whose importance continued to increase. In the light ofexperience, methods of procedure have been improved and adapted to new develop-ments.

PAN AMERICAN FEDERATION OF ENGINEERINGSOCIETIES

[UNION PANAM£RICAINE DES ASSOCIATIONS D'INGENIEURS]1

UNION PANAMERICANA DE ASOCIACIONES DE INGENIEROS (UPADI)

VNIAO PANAMERICANA DE ASSOCIACOES DE ENGENHEIROS

2 ADDRESS: c/o Luis Ciannattasio, President, UPADI, Avenida Agraciada 1464, Piso 14,Montevideo, Uruguay.

3 NATURE: Non-governmental.

4 ATMS: To promote unity among Engineers, and progress in technology for the benefitof mankind and the members of the constituent bodies.

> No official title in French.

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5 GOVERNING BODIES : Board of Directors, composed of representatives of nine members,of whom three elected each year for a term of three years. OFFICERS: President: LuisGiannattasio (Uruguay); Vice-President: James M. Todd (U.S.A.); Treasurer: ManuelJ. Puente (Cuba). Representatives: Luis V. Migone (Argentina), F. Saturnino de Brittofilho (Brazil), James A. Vance (Canada), Mario Lenzi (Colombia), Hector Butter (ElSalvador), Federico Boquin (Honduras).

6 MEMBERS : The Societies or Federations of Societies recognized by the Board of Directorsof UP ADI as most representative of the engineering profession in: Argentina, Bolivia,Brazil, Canada, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, ElSalvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Puerto Rico,United States of America, Uruguay.

10 MEETINGS: Periodical Conventions.

14 SHORT HISTORY: The Federation was founded on 20 July 1949 in Rio de Janeiro, andformally organized on 21 April 1951 with the adoption of an interim Constitution by therepresentatives of the Engineering Societies of 18 countries. The definitive Constitutionwas adopted on 27 August 1952 in New Orleans by the Second Convention of the PanAmerican Federation of Engineering Societies.

PAN AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF MININGENGINEERING AND GEOLOGY (PAIMEG)

[INSTITUT PANAMERICAIN DE TECHNIQUE MINIERE ET DE GEOLOGIE]1

INSTITUTO PANAMERICANO DE INGEMERIA DE MINAS Y GEOLOGIA (IPIMIGEO)

2 ADDRESS: Casilla 9228, San Martin 352, Santiago de Chile, Chile. Telephone: 83494.Cable address: IPIMIGEO SANTIAGO DE CHILE.

3 NATURE: Non-governmental.

4 AIMS: (a) To promote the organization of Pan American Congresses on Mining Engineer-ing and Geology; (b) to ensure the execution of decisions taken by the Pan AmericanCongresses on Mining Engineering and Geology; (c) to orientate and co-ordinate studiesrelating to the earth sciences, engineering, technology, teaching and mining legislation;(d) to promote unity and exchange of ideas between professionals interested in theaforementioned subjects; (e) to recommend and facilitate the exchange of professors,students, professionals and industrialists connected with the above-mentioned matters;(f) to publish a Quarterly Bulletin of Information dealing especially with technical andscientific bibliography on mineralogy, metallurgy arid geology in America, and withreports concerning members of the PAIMEG; (g) to promote the creation of technicalresearch centres in all the American countries; (h) to work for the standardization of:systems of measurement based on the metric system; methods of qualitative andquantitative analysis for the definition of elements and evaluation of mining products;geological and mining nomenclature.

5 GOVERNING BODIES: National Associations in each adhering country. The Presidentsof the national associations constitute the General Council, which is the highest author-ity of the Institute; the Presidence of the General Council is taken in turn. The generaladministration of the Pan American Institute is carried out by an Executive Committeewith permanent Headquarters at Santiago de Chile. The President of the ExecutiveBoard is the Secretary-General of the General Council, OFFICERS: General Council:President: Pedro G. Espana (Bolivia); Vice-Presidents: Remigio Rigal (Argentina),Roberto Cardoso (Brazil), Alan Probert (U.S.A.); Members: Jorge Munoz C. (Chile),Luis Blasquez (Mexico), Alberto Jochamowitz (Peru), Eduardo Terra Arocena (Uru-

1 No official title in French.

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guay); Secretary-General: Marin Rodriguez Diez (Chile). Executive Board: President:Marin Rodriguez Diez (Chile); Vice-President: Miguel Garces U. (Chile); Secretary-Treasurer: Roberto Miiller H. (Chile); Members: Tomas R. Leighton (Chile), BenjaminLeiding V. (Chile), Carlos Neuenschwander V. (Chile), Tomas Vila (Chile).

6 MEMBERS: 2,000 members in the following countries: Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil,Chile, Mexico, Peru, United States of America, Uruguay.

8 FACILITIES : Each National Association has a library. The Executive Board has at itsdisposal a library of publications from the national associations.

9 FINANCES : The funds of each national association are constituted by the subscriptionsof its members and gifts of mining enterprises. The funds of the Executive Board arethe subscriptions from the national associations, as fixed by the General Council.

10 MEETINGS: The national associations meet each month. The Executive Board alsomeets each month. The General Council meets every two years and during the Pan Ame-rican Congresses. The Pan American Congresses are held every four or five years.The First Congress was held in Santiago de Chile in January 1942; the Second in Riode Janeiro in October 1946; the Third in Mexico in October 1951.

11 VOTING: Individual, except during plenary sessions of the Congress when voting isby country, each country having three votes.

12 PUBLICATIONS: IPIMIGEO, quarterly (Spanish). Proceedings of the First and SecondCongress, five vols. each, in the language of the country in which the Congress was held.Mexico is preparing the Proceedings of the Third Congress.

13 RELATIONS WITH OTHER INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS: The Pan American Unionhas recognized the Institute. Steps have also been taken for recognition of it by theUN as a non-governmental consultative organization.

14 SHORT HISTORY: The Chilean Institute of Mining Engineers organized the First PanAmerican Congress which was held in Santiago de Chile in January 1942. Three hundreddelegates from 17 American countries attended. One of the decisions of this Congresswas the creation of the Pan American Institute, which has organized the Congresseslisted under 10 above.

16 COMMENTS: The Fourth Pan American Congress on Mining Engineering and Geologywill take place in the U.S.A. in 1955.

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C. MEDICAL SCIENCES

ART AND SCIENCE, INTERNATIONAL CENTREOF MEDICAL AND SURGICAL FILMS

[ART ET SCIENCE, CENTRE INTERNATIONAL DU FILM MEDICAL ET CHIRURGICAL]

CENTRO INTERNACIONAL DE PEL/CULAS DE MEDICINA Y CIRURGIA

2 ADDRESS: 3, rue de Siam, Paris-16e, France. Telephone: TROcadero 37-37.

3 NATURE: Non-governmental.

4 AIMS : To develop the use of films in education, documentation and research in biology,anatomy, physiology and surgery.

5 GOVERNING BODIES: General Committee. Director: Eric Duvivier (France).

8 FACILITIES: Film documentation. More than 250 films have been collected from Bel-gium, France, Switzerland, Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, United Kingdom,United States of America, etc. In addition, the medical-surgical film library comprises70 films made by Les Films Art et Science, and which are at the disposal of interestedbodies..

10 MEETINGS : An Annual International Congress.

12 PUBLICATIONS: Revue du Film Medical et Chirurgical, bi-annually, supplement toLa Semaine Medicate, 30 April 1952, 6 October 1952, etc. This review gives lists ofmedical and surgical films.

14 SHORT HISTORY: The Association was established in October 1948 and has made greatheadway since the First International Congress of Surgical Films held in Paris in 1948.Second Congress, Brussels, March 1949; Third Congress, Geneva, March 1950; FourthCongress, London, March 1951; Fifth Congress, Rome and Madrid, 1951; Sixth Congress,New York and Montreal, September 1953, on documentation, scientific research andteaching by means of the cinema.

COUNCIL FOR INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONSOF MEDICAL SCIENCES (CIOMS)

[CONSEIL DES ORGANISATIONS INTERNATIONALES DES SCIENCES MEDICALES (CIOMS)]

2 ADDRESS: Seat: 141, rue Belliard, Brussels, Belgium. Secretariat: Unesco House,19, avenue Kleber, Paris-16e, France. Telephone: KLEber 52-00; BALzac 24-02.

3 NATURE: Non-governmental.

4 AIMS: TO ensure the continuity and co-ordination of international organizations ofmedical sciences and to supply material assistance. For the attainment of these aims,the Council provides information and financial assistance; it co-ordinates and dissemi-nates information obtained from various medical and para-medical organizations andpromotes medical information. It convenes symposia and arranges for post-graduatecourses in connexion with international congresses.

5 GOVERNING BODIES : The General Assembly is the sovereign body. It consists of dulyaccredited representatives of all member organizations, which appoint a titular delegateand deputy delegates. The Executive Committee consists of 12 members representingmember organizations selected by the General Assembly. Each titular member may

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be replaced by a deputy. These organizations are elected for three years, a third renewedat each election. Retiring members are drawn by lot and are eligible for re-election.OFFICERS: Chairman of the Executive Committee (1952-55): Prof. J. Maisin (Belgium);Vice-Chairman: Dr. R. Paterson (U.K.); Executive Secretary: Dr. J. F. Delafresnaye(France).

6 MEMBERS : All non-governmental organizations of world importance carrying out workin theoretical or applied medicine are eligible for membership. Regional internationalorganizations may become associate members. Full members: International Academyof Legal Medicine and of Social Medicine, International and Fourth American Congresson Obstetrics and Gynecology, International Association of Allergology, InternationalAssociation for the Co-ordination of Psychiatry and Psychological Methods, InternationalAssociation of Gerontology, International Association for Prevention of Blindness, TheInternational College of Surgeons, International Committee of Cardiology, InternationalCommittee on Military Medicine and Pharmacy, International Conference on Audiology,First International Congress of the BCG, International Congress of Otolaryngology, Inter-national Congress of Radiology, International Congresses of Tropical Medicine andMalaria, International Council of Ophthalmology, International Diabetes Federation,International Federation of Electroencephalography Societies, International Federationof Physical Medicine, International League against Rheumatism, The InternationalLeprosy Association, International Medico-Athletic Federation, International Neurolo-gical Congress, International Paediatric Association, The International Society of BloodTransfusion, International Society of Clinical Pathology, International Society of Crimino-logy, International Society of Gastro-Enterology, International Society of GeographicalPathology, The International Society of Haematology, International Society of Historyof Medicine, International Society of International Medicine, International Society ofOrthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, International Society of Surgery, InternationalSociety of Urology, The International Society for the Welfare of Cripples, InternationalUnion against Cancer, International Union of Nutritional Sciences, International Unionof Physiological Sciences, International Union of Railway Medical Services, InternationalUnion against Tuberculosis, International Union against the Venereal Diseases, MedicalWomen's International Association, Permanent International Committee of ComparativePathology Congresses, World Congresses of Psychiatry, World Federation for MentalHealth, World Medical Association. Associate member: European Society of Cardiology.

9 FINANCES : Subvention from TJnesco, subvention from WHO. Members' affiliation fees.Annual budget: U.S. $60,000.

10 MEETINGS: The Executive Committee meets twice a year; the General Assembly meetsevery three years in ordinary session.

11 VOTING: Titular but not associate members are entitled to vote.

12 PUBLICATIONS: Calendar of International Congresses of Medical Sciences. Bulletin,quarterly (bilingual English, French).

13 RELATIONS WITH OTHER INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS: Formal agreement withUnesco and official relations with WHO.

14 SHORT HISTORY: The Council was set up at Brussels in April 1949 at the GeneralConstituent Assembly convened by a preparatory Committee under the auspices ofUnesco and WHO. The Second General Assembly was held in Geneva, April 1952.The name of the Council was changed, the Statutes amended and the number ofseats on the Executive Committee increased from 9 to 12 to reflect its wider co-ordinat-ing activities.

183

DENTAL DOCUMENTARY FOUNDATION (DDF)[FONDATION DOCUMENTAIRE DENTAIRE (FDD)]

FVNDAC10N DOCUMENTAL DENTAL

2 ADDRESS: 133, rue Belliard, Pare Leopold, Brussels, Belgium.

3 NATUHE: Non-governmental.

4 AIMS: The Foundation aims at conserving documents of all kinds (manuscripts, books,periodicals, bibliographies, schema, graphs, negatives, etc.) related to dental art andscience, in files or in series and to place them at the disposal of research workers;it assists efforts to achieve a better utilization of the literature as well as all work orresearch likely to ensure the development of dental art and science. Help to researchworkers consists in furnishing bibliographical information on all dental and stoma-tological subjects.

5 OFFICERS: Chairman: Dr. Quintero (France); Director: Dr. Watry (Belgium); Secretary:Miss D. Huet (Belgium); Members: Dr. Marcel Joachim (Belgium), Albert Joachim(Belgium), Dr. T. Gould (U.K.), Joseph De Corte (Belgium), DeWals (Belgium), MaxFilderman (France).

6 MEMBERS: Individual members, Odontological Societies, Universities, Dental Schools,etc.

8 FACILITIES: Dental Library, important collection of dental and stomatological peri-odicals, documentation service.

9 FINANCES: Members contributions, subvention from the Belgian Government, sub-vention from the International Dental Federation until 1951.

10 MEETINGS: Annual General Assembly. Quarterly meetings.

11 VOTING: Individual.

12 PUBLICATIONS: Bulletin.

14 SHORT HISTORY: Created in 1929 under the auspices of the International Dental Fede-ration. First President: Viscount Aguilar (Spain), first Director: E. Huet, second Di-rector: Dr. Watry (Belgium).

INTERNATIONAL ACADEMYOF THE HISTORY OF PHARMACY

[ACADEMIE INTERNATIONALE D'HISTOIRE DE LA PHARMACIE]

2 ADDRESS: Alexanderstraat 11, The Hague,,Netherlands. Secretary-General: Dr. P. H.Brans, Heemraadssingel 122, Rotterdam C, Netherlands.

3 NATURE: Non-governmental.

4 AIMS: To stimulate co-operation on an international level in the field of history ofpharmacy and in particular to act as an 'Upper House' in this field.

5 GOVERNING BODIES: Bureau. OFFICERS: President: Prof. Dr. George Urdang (U.S.A.,1955); First Vice-President: G. E. Dann (Germany, 1955); Second Vice-President:E. H. Guitard (France, 1955); Secretary-General: Dr. P. H. Brans (Netherlands, per-manent); Treasurer: Dr. D. A. Wittop Koning (Netherlands, permanent).

6 MEMBERS : 37 members historians of pharmacy in: Argentina, Austria, Belgium, Brazil,Denmark, Ecuador, Finland, France, Germany, India, Israel, Italy, Japan, Netherlands,

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Norway, Peru, Puerto Rico, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, United Kingdom, UnitedStates of America, Yugoslavia.

8 FACILITIES: Library.

9 FINANCES: NO membership dues. Contributions from the founders, industry, andgovernments.

10 MEETINGS: All international Congresses of Pharmacy or History shall be consideredsuitable for an Assembly of the Academy.

11 VOTING: Only by referendum on the initiative of the Secretary-General.

12 PUBLICATIONS: Annual reports in French, with summaries in English, German, Spanish.

14 SHORT HISTORY : Founded on 13 June 1952 in the honour of the 70th birthday of Prof.Dr. George Urdang, Madison, Wis., U.S.A.

INTERNATIONAL ACADEMY OF LEGAL MEDICINEAND OF SOCIAL MEDICINE

[ACADfiMIE INTERNATIONALE DE MfiDECINE LEGALE ET DE MtoECINE SOCIALE]

2 ADDRESS: C/O The President: Prof. R. Piedelievre, 24, rue Soufflot, Paris-5e, France;or the Secretary-General: Prof. P. Dervillee, 27, rue du Jardin Public, Bordeaux(Gironde), France.

3 NATURE: Non-governmental.

4 AIMS: To foster international scientific co-operation in the various branches of itsactivities (Forensic Medicine, including Judicial Psychology, Social Medicine, Indus-trial Medicine and Criminology, including Toxicology). Two of the main objects arethe organization every three years of an International Congress or Seminars, and thepublication of a periodical Ada Medicinae Legalis et Socialis, its official organ.

5 GOVERNING BODIES: The Academy is governed by a Praesidium consisting of thePresidential Committee and the Honorary Presidents. The Presidential Committeeis elected for a term of three years either at a Congress or a Plenary Assembly of theAcademy. Only the Secretary-General in charge of publications may be re-elected.At the end of their mandate the Presidents assume the title of Honorary Presidentand are entitled to vote in the Praesidium. OFFICERS: Honorary Presidents: Prof. KnudSand (Denmark), Prof. Maurice De Laet (Belgium); President: Prof. R. Piedelievre(France); Vice-Presidents: Prof. Mehta (India), Prof. L. Ribeiro (Brazil), Prof. F.Thomas (Belgium); Secretary-General: Prof. P. Dervillee (France); Secretary-Generalin charge of the publication of the Ada: Prof. Paul Moureau (Belgium); Secretary-Treasurer: Dr. Paul Enderle (Belgium).

6 MEMBERS: The countries which are members of the United Nations as well as thoseadmitted by the Plenary Assembly of the Academy, are entitled to be representedin the Academy and to take part in its Congresses. Each Member country is entitledto a maximum of five Titular Members and five Associates if the number of practisingphysicians within its metropolitan territory is between 100 and 1,000; 10 TitularMembers and 10 Associates, if it has between 1,000 and 4,000 practising physicians;20 Titular Members and 20 Associates, if it has between 4,000 and 10,000 practisingphysicians; and 30 Titular Members and 30 Associates if the number of practisingphysicians exceeds 10,000. At present, 30 nations are members.

9 FINANCES : The amount of the annual fee for Titular Members and Associates is deter-mined for three years by the Plenary Assembly held at the end of each Congress.It includes the cost of the subscription to the periodical.

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10 MEETINGS: A Congress or Plenary Assembly every three years.

11 VOTING: Only Titular Members are entitled to vote.

12 PUBLICATIONS: Ada Medicinae Legalis et Socialis, published by authority of the Praesi-dium and under the direction of the Secretary-General appointed to that end. TheAda publish original articles, analyses of books, summaries of articles and the officialacts and texts of the Academy, in English and French.

13 RELATIONS WITH OTHER INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS: Official relationship withWHO; founder member of the CIOMS.

14 SHORT HISTORY: The Academy was founded in 1938, at the conclusion of the FirstInternational Congress on Legal Medicine at Bonn; the Second Congress took placeat Brussels and Liege, June 1947. The Third Plenary Assembly was held at Brusselsin June 1952.

16 COMMENTS: The Fourth Congress will be held in 1955, probably in Italy.

INTERNATIONAL ANATOMICAL CONGRESS[CONGRES INTERNATIONAL D'ANATOMIE]

2 ADDRESS: Sixth International Anatomical Congress, c/o Prof. R. Collin, SecretaireGeneral de l'Association des Anatomistes de Langue Franijaise, 33, boulevard CharlesV,Nancy (Meurthe-et-Moselle), France.

3 NATURE: Non-governmental.

4 AIMS : To bring together Anatomists from different parts of the world for the purposeof discussing: (a) Research; (b) Teaching; (c) International nomenclature.

5 GOVERNING BODIES: Congress Organizing Committee consisting of anatomists of thehost country, OFFICERS of the Congress Committee, Fifth Congress, Oxford 1950:President: Prof. W. E. Le Gros Clark, F.R.S.; Secretary: Dr. G. Weddell, Department ofHuman Anatomy, University Museum, Oxford, U.K.; Members: Profs. A. B. Appleton,J. D. Boyd, J. C Brash, F. Goldby, W. J. Hamilton, T. Nicol, D. K. C. Richardson,J.M. Yoffey, J. Z. Young, S. Zuckerman.

6 MEMBERS: All who are teachers and/or research workers in Anatomy in any countrywhatever.

7 COMMISSIONS: International Commission on Anatomical Nomenclature: Chairman:Prof. G. W. Corner, Embryological Laboratory, Carnegie Institution, Wolfe andMonument Streets, Baltimore 5, Maryland, U.S.A.

9 FINANCES: Congress dues.

10 MEETINGS: Roughly every five years.

11 VOTING: Individual voting.

12 PUBLICATIONS: Abstracts of Communications. One copy given to each member of theCongress.

14 SHORT HISTORY: The First International Anatomical Congress was held in Genevain 1905; the Second in Brussels in 1910; the Third in Amsterdam in 1930; the Fourthin Milan in 1936. The Fifth was to have been held in the United Kingdom in 1940 butowing to the war this proved impossible. The Anatomical Society of Great Britainand Ireland therefore set up a Congress Committee (see 5 above) which organized aCongress in Oxford in 1950 which it was agreed by all should be the Fifth InternationalAnatomical Congress.

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15 BIBLIOGRAPHY: The Fifth International Anatomical Congress, 1950: Organization andLogistics, by D. C. Sinclair, Journal of Anatomy, Vol. 85, Part 2, April 1951, pp. 182-212.Lancet, 1950, 2, p. 226. Nature, London 1950, 166, p. 858.

16 COMMENTS: The Sixth International Anatomical Congress will be held in Francein 1955 (see 2 above).

INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF ALLERGOLOGY(IAA)

[ASSOCIATION INTERNATIONALE D'ALLERGOLOGIE (IAA)]

INTERNATIONALE GESELLSCHAFT DER ALLERGOLOGIE

ASOCIACI6N INTERNACIONAL DE ALERGOLOGIA

2 ADDRESS: 401, La Salle Medical Building, Minneapolis 2, Minn., U.S.A. Telephone:Main 2948. Cable address: ALLERGY MINNEAPOLIS. Secretary-General: Dr. Bernard N.Halpern, 197, boulevard Saint-Germain, Paris-7e, France. Telephone: LITtre 30-72.Treasurer: Prof. Dr. Arthur S. Grumbach, Hygiene-Institut der Universitat, Gloria-strasse 32, Zurich, Switzerland.

3 NATURE: Non-governmental.

4 AIMS: To advance the knowledge of allergy and related fields, and to implement thedissemination of this knowledge through international congresses on allergy, andby other means.

5 GOVERNING BODIES: The House of Delegates constitutes the governing body of theAssociation. Its duties are the election of member societies, individual members andofficers. It formulates by-laws, rules and regulations and has the judicial and executivefunctions common to a scientific organization. It also has final control over the policiesand affairs of the Association and over the actions of the Executive Committee and ofall other committees which may be appointed, OFFICERS (1951-55): President:Fred W. Wittich (U.S.A.); President-Elect: S. M. Feinberg (U.S.A.); Vice-Presidents:Ulysses Fabiano Alves, Jr. (Brazil), Pasteur Vallery-Radot (France), D. A. Williams(U.K.); Secretary-General: Bernard N. Halpern (France); Treasurer: Arthur S. Grum-bach (Switzerland); Members-at-Large: Charles William Loffler (Switzerland), EgonBruun (Denmark), Ethan Allan Brown (U.S.A.), Francis M. Rackemann (U.S.A.),Mario Salazar-Mallen (Mexico).

6 MEMBERS: Societies in the following countries: Argentina, Australia, Belgium, Brazil,Canada, Chile, Colombia, Cuba, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Israel,Italy, Japan, Mexico, Netherlands, Peru, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Unionof South Africa, United Kingdom, United States of America, Uruguay. In countrieswhere no societies exist, individuals may join the Association.

9 FINANCES: National society membership dues.

10 MEETINGS: Congresses every four years.

11 VOTING: By country; each country is represented by one member in the House ofDelegates.

12 PUBLICATIONS: International Archives of Allergy and Applied Immunology, formerlythe organ of the International Association of Allergists, Inc., now continues with thesub-title Incorporating the Proceedings of the National Allergy Societies. Proceedingsoftha First Congress of the International Association of Allergists (with abstracts in variouslanguages), S. Karger, Basle, Switzerland.

13 RELATIONS WITH OTHER INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS: The Association is a foundermember of the CIOMS.

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14 SHORT HISTORY: At the First Congress of the International Association of Allergistsat Zurich, 23-29 September 1951, the corporation was completely reorganized and itsname changed to International Association of Allergology. At the business meetingat Zurich the new constitution and by-laws were adopted and the Second Congresswill be held at Rio de Janeiro during the summer of 1955. According to the new con-stitution the Officers of the Association consist of a President, a President-Elect,a 1st, 2nd and 3rd Vice-President (of whom the first shall reside in the country of thenext congress), a Secretary-General and a Treasurer. The officers serve one term, fromthe end of one Congress to the end of the following Congress. The House of Delegatesis composed of one delegate from each member society and also includes the officersof the International Association. These delegates are appointed by their respectivesocieties and may maintain membership in the House as long as the society wishes.The Executive Committee is composed of 12 members, as listed under 5 above.

16 COMMENTS: Since the new organization has not yet held its first congress, the rulesof the IAA are still in a preliminary stage, and the statutes will be amended at itsfirst business meeting in 1955 in Rio de Janeiro. The Association will continue asa world-wide co-ordinating organization of the national associations of allergy and thestudents interested in allergy research. Practically all of the known societies of theworld now are official members. The Congress held at Zurich in 1951 was attended byabout 600 registrants, and 30 countries were officially represented.

INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATIONFOR CHILD PSYCHIATRY (IACP)[ASSOCIATION INTERNATIONALE DE PSYCHIATRIE INFANTILE]

2 ADDRESS : c/o Dr. Abraham Z. Barhash, Secretary-General, Room 916,1790, Broadway,New York 19, N.Y., U.S.A. Telephone: Circle 5-8000.

3 NATURE: Non-governmental.

4 AIMS: Integrate and stimulate professional interest in the field of child psychiatrythroughout the world, through organizational membership.

5 GOVERNING BODIES : Executive Committee, OFFICERS (all terms indeterminate): President:Dr. Frederick H. Allen (U.S.A.); Vice-Presidents: Dr. Vitor Fontes (Portugal), Prof.Georges Heuyer (France), Dr. Torsten Ramer (Sweden), Dr. John R. Rees (U.K.),Dr. M. Tramer (Switzerland); Treasurer: Dr. Jenny Roudinesco (France); Secretary-General: Dr. Abraham Z. Barhash (U.S.A.); Assistant Secretaries-General: Dr. GeraldCaplan (Israel), Dr. Carlos Nassar (Chile).

6 MEMBERS: The following organizations: Committee on Child Psychiatry, Argentina;Arbeitsgemeinschaft fur Heilpadagogik, Austria; Societe Beige de Medecine Mentale,Belgium; Sao Paulo Committee for Child Psychiatry, Brazil; Chilean Society for ChildPsychiatry, Chile; Committee for Child Psychiatry, Czechoslovakia; Danish Associationfor Child Psychiatry, Denmark; Child Psychiatric National Committee, Finland;Groupe d'Etudes de Psychiatrie Infantile, France; Ligue Hellenique d'Hygiene Mentale,Greece; Committee for Child Psychiatry, Italy; Dutch Society for Psychiatry andNeurology, Netherlands; Norwegian Association for Medical Child Psychology, Norway;Spanish Institute of Research and Information, Spain; Swedish Association for ChildPsychiatry, Sweden; American Orthopsychiatric Association, United States of America.

9 FINANCES: No budget. No finances.

10 MEETINGS: Meetings, usually held in conjunction with the Congress of the WorldFederation for Mental Health, have taken place in Paris 1937; London 1948; MexicoCity 1951.

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11 VOTING: By Executive Committee and by member organizations.

14 SHORT HISTORY: In 1937 a meeting was organized in Paris by a number of Europeanpsychiatrists to discuss the problems of child psychiatry. The group decided to sustainthis interest through an International Committee for Child Psychiatry. Dr. GeorgesHeuyer (France) was elected to the presidency, with the major objective of planningfor a Second Congress in Amsterdam in 1941. The war interrupted these plans butthe Executive Committee made plans for a Second Congress in 1948 in London, heldin conjunction with the World Federation for Mental Health. In London it was votedto disband the International Committee for Child Psychiatry and to form the Inter-national Association for Child Psychiatry. The officers chosen at that time are stillholding office, with the exception of the Treasurer (Dr. Lucian Bovet, Switzerland).It was decided to make the membership organizational through representative pro-fessional bodies in the various countries. The Congress in 1948 dealt with the subjectof'Aggression'. The Third Congress was held in Mexico City in 1951. Plans are nowunder way for a Fourth Congress in Toronto in 1954. As the Association has no incomeor funds it is not very active at the present time, except for holding the meetings men-tioned.

INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATIONFOR THE CO-ORDINATION OF PSYCHIATRY

AND PSYCHOLOGICAL METHODS[GROUPEMENT INTERNATIONAL POUR LA COORDINATION DE LA PSYCHIATRIE

ET DES METHODES PSYCHOLOGIQUES]

AGRUPACION INTERNATIONAL PARA LA COORDINACION DE LA PSIQUIATRIAY DE LOS METODOS PSICOLOGICOS

2 ADDRESS: c/o the Secretary-General, Dr. Jose Germain, Departamento de PsicologiaExperimental, Serrano 127, Madrid, Spain. President: Prof. Rene Nyssen, HopitalBrugmans, Brussels, Belgium. Publications Committee: Dr. Pierre Pichot, 24, rueTournefort, Paris-5e, France, Telephone: PORt-Royal 16-62.

3 NATURE: Non-governmental.

4 AIMS: Organization of an international character, which groups psychologists andpsychiatrists interested in tests in the scientific as well as in the practical view point;organization in each country of an international Committee to work out in relationto their own country the aims of the Association, and help train psychologists toensure a high scientific level of studies and practical efficiency; participation with atleast one or two delegates, in psychology or psychiatry, in International Congressesof Psychology, Psychiatry or Neurology. Publication of an international journaldealing with the various questions of clinical psychology.

5 OFFICERS: President: Prof. Rene Nyssen (Belgium); Vice-Presidents: A. Rey (Switzer-land), Mario Ponzo (Italy); Secretary-General: Jose Germain (Spain); Regional Secre-taries: F. Grewel (Netherlands), J. Q. Holsopple (U.S.A.), J. Kraft (Argentina),H. J. Eysenck (U.K.); Treasurer: R. Zazzo (France); Counsellors: J. Leme Lopes(Brazil), Mario Gozzano (Italy), A. Almada Araujo (Portugal).

7 COMMISSIONS: Publications Committee: Members: Dr. Pierre Pichot (France), ErnilioMira (Brazil), Deal Wolffle (U.S.A.).

13 RELATIONS WITH OTHER INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS: Member of CIOMS.

14 SHORT HISTORY: The Association was created during the International Congress onPsychiatry, Paris 1950. A Symposium has since been held in Stockholm, on the occasionof the International Congress on Psychology.

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INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATIONFOR DENTAL RESEARCH

[ASSOCIATION INTERNATIONALE POUR LA RECHEHCHE DENTAIRE]1

2 ADDRESS: 311 East Chicago Avenue, Chicago 11, 111., U.S.A. Telephone: Superior9-4900.

3 NATURE: Non-governmental.

4 AIMS: The Association has been established (a) to promote broadly the advancementof research in all branches of dental science, and in the related phases of the scienceswhich contribute directly to the development of oral health-service, and which addto the knowledge of the mouth and teeth and of their relations to the body as a whole;and, further, (b) to encourage and facilitate co-operative effort and achievement by,and mutual helpfulness among, investigators in all nations in every division of stomato-logy; (c) to the end that dentistry may render cumulatively more perfect serviceto humanity.

5 GOVERNING BODIES: The Council, consisting of (a) the general active officers and(b) one representative of each Section (regional centre), is responsible for the executivemanagement of the affairs of the Association, during the periods between annualmeetings, in accord with the general authority voted by the Association, OFFICERS:President: Maynard K. Hine; Fice-President .'Francis A. Arnold, Jr.; Secretary-Treasurer:Edward H. Hatton; Assistant Secretary-Treasurer: Dany Y. Burrill; Trustees: H.Trendley Dean, H. J. Hodge, T. J. Hill, P. C. Kitchin, L. M. Waugh; PublicationCommittee, Journal of Dental Research: Hamilton B. G. Robinson, J. Frank Hall,Paul S. Boyle. All the officers are residents of the U.S.A.

6 MEMBERS: Individual Members: as of 1 December 1952, 623 in North America, 134 inother parts of the world.

9 FINANCES: Membership dues U.S. $7.50 per year.

10 MEETINGS: General meetings annually. Section meetings from one to nine timesper year.

11 VOTING: By individual vote; all members are voting members.12 PUBLICATIONS: The Journal of Dental Research. Publisher: The C. V. Mosby Co.,

3207 Washington Blvd., St.Louis 3, Mo., U.S.A.; Editor: Dr. Hamilton B.G. Robinson,College of Dentistry, Ohio State University, Columbus 10, Ohio, U.S.A.

14 SHORT HISTORY: Founded by William J. Gies and a group of New York Dentists on10 December 1920. The Association was relatively inactive until the meeting inWashington, D.C., in March 1928. Since then it has met annually for the purpose ofreading and discussing research papers on its subject field.

15 BIBLIOGRAPHY: The annual proceedings are published each year in the Journal ofDental Research; the early history of the Association is also to be found in this journal.

INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF GERONTOLOGY[ASSOCIATION INTERNATIONALE DE GERONTOLOGIE]

2 ADDRESS: 660 S. Kingshighway, St.Louis 10, Mo., U.S.A. Telephone: FOrest 6400,Station 590. Cable address: COWDRY WASHUNIV ST. LOUIS.

3 NATURE: Non-governmental.

4 AIMS: The Association has two main purposes: (a) to promote gerontologic research1 No official title in French.

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in the social, medical, and biologic fields, carried out by gerontologic associations,societies, or groups, by all possible means, and in particular to promote co-operationbetween the members of these societies, associations, or groups; (b) to protect theinterests of the gerontologic societies, associations, or groups in all questions pertainingto foreign or international matters.

5 OFFICERS: (terms expire July 1954): President: Dr. E. V. Cowdry (U.S.A.); Vice-Presidents: Prof. L. Brull (Belgium), Prof. T. Geill (Denmark); Secretaries: Dr. M.Warren (U.K.), Prof. F. Bourliere (France); Treasurer: Prof. A. von Albertini (Switzer-land).

6 MEMBERS: Gerontological societies in: Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Italy,Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, United Kingdom, United Statesof America.

7 COMMISSIONS: Research Committee on Endocrinological Aspects of Aging: Chairman:Dr. W. O.Thompson; Vice-Chairmen: Dr. A. P. Thomson, Dr. W. B. Kountz, Dr. L.Brull; Secretaries: Dr. A. I. Lansing, Dr. V. Korenchevsky.

10 MEETINGS: General Assembly in principle every three years.

12 PUBLICATIONS: Journal of Gerontology.

13 RELATIONS WITH OTHER INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS: Member of CIOMS.

14 SHORT HISTORY: The First Congress was held in Liege in 1950 under the presidencyof Prof. L. Brull (Belgium); the Second Congress was held in St. Louis, Mo., in Septem-ber 1951 under the presidency of Dr. E. V. Cowdry (U.S.A.).

16 COMMENTS: The Third Congress will be held in Oxford, U.K., from 19 to 26 July 1954.Details can be obtained from Dr. R. E. Tunbridge, University of Oxford MedicalSchool, Oxford, U.K.

INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF LOGOPEDICSAND PHONIATRICS

[ASSOCIATION INTERNATIONALE DE LOGOPfiDIE ET DE PHONIATRIE]

INTERNATIONALE GESELLSCHAFT FOR LOGOPEDIE VND PHONIATRIE

2 ADDRESS: c/o Emil Froeschels, M.D., 133 East 58th Street, New York 22, N.Y., U.S.A.Telephone: PLaza 8-0093.

3 NATURE: Non-governmental.

4 AIMS: International co-operation in the field of Speech and Voice Therapy and Science;organization of periodic international congresses.

5 GOVERNING BODIES: International Board, consisting of the President, four Vice-Pre-sidents, General Secretary, Treasurer and five members at large; Board of Delegates,consisting of the representatives of the countries attending the Congresses; GeneralAssembly, OFFICERS: President: Dr. Emil Froeschels, M.D. (U.S.A.); Vice-Presidents:Dr. Agostino Gemelli (Italy), Dr. Felix Trojan (Austria), Joan Van Thai, M.B.E.(U.K.), Dr. Frits Hogewind (Netherlands); General Secretary: Dr. Deso A. "Weiss(U.S.A.); Treasurer: Dr. Richard Luchsinger (Switzerland); Members at Large: Drs.Suzanne Borel-Maisonny (France), Jack L. Bangs (U.S.A.), Sven H. Smith (Denmark),Elly Ohlsson-Edlund (Sweden), Egil Forchhammer (Denmark).

10 MEETINGS: General Assembly every two or three years.

11 VOTING: Individual voting in the General Assembly.

12 PUBLICATIONS: Proceedings of the Congresses.

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14 SHORT HISTORY: Founded in Vienna in 1924 by Dr. Froeschels and his associates.Refounded in 1947 in New York. The new organizational basis dates from Amsterdam1950. The following International Congresses have been organized: Vienna, 1924,Vienna, 1926, Vienna, 1928, Prague, 1930, Vienna, 1932, Budapest, 1934, Copenhagen,1936, Amsterdam, 1950.

16 COMMENTS: The Ninth International Congress is planned to take place from 1 to 5 Sep-tember 1953 in Milan-Stresa, Italy.

INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF MEDICALMUSEUMS (IAMM)

[ASSOCIATION INTERNATIONALE DES MUSEES MEDICAUX]

2 ADDRESS: Central Office: c/o Dr. F. K. Mostofi, Secretary-Treasurer, Armed ForcesInstitute of Pathology, Independence Ave. at 7th St., S.W., Washington 25, D.C.,U.S.A. Telephone: Liberty 5-6700. British Section: c/o Dr. C. J. Hackett, WellcomeMuseum of Medical Science, 183-193, Euston Road, London, N.W.I, U.K.

3 NATURE: Non-governmental.

4 AIMS: Founded in 1906 for the advancement of Pathology in its broadest aspects:basic, comparative, embryologic and investigative pathology, allied sciences and re-lated techniques. Specifically the Association is interested in pathologic data andtissue for the purpose of improving the teaching and practice of Pathology and Medicine.

5 GOVERNING BODIES: Executive Officers consisting of the President, Vice-President,Secretary-Treasurer, and Council.

6 MEMBERS: Professional and outstanding technical workers in pathology and alliedsciences in North and South America, Europe, Asia, Africa, Australia, and New Zea-land.

10 MEETINGS: Annual meeting of the organization.

11 VOTING: Individual.

12 PUBLICATIONS: Laboratory Investigation, a journal of technical methods and pathology.Editor: Dr. Thomas D. Kinney, 3395 Scranton Road, Cleveland, Ohio; Publisher:Paul B. Hoeber, Inc., 49 East 33rd Street, New York 16, N.Y.

13 RELATIONS WITH OTHER INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS: Close liaison is maintainedbetween the organization and all other associations and societies interested in pathologyand allied medical sciences.

14 SHORT HISTORY: Last meeting held at St. Louis, Mo., April 1953.

INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATIONFOR PREVENTION OF BLINDNESS

[ASSOCIATION INTERNATIONALE DE PROPHYLAXIE DE LA CECITE]

2 ADDRESS: 47, rue de Bellechasse, Paris-7e, France. Telephone: INValides 05-78.

3 NATURE: Non-governmental.

4 AIMS: To study through international investigations the causes, direct and indirect,which may result in blindness or impaired vision; to encourage and promote measures

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calculated to eliminate such causes; to disseminate knowledge on all matters per-taining to the care and use of the eyes.

5 GOVERNING BODIES: General Assembly of members, an Executive Committee nominatedby the General Assembly and composed of a Chairman, four Vice-Chairmen and atleast 10 members chosen from different nationalities, OFFICERS: Chairman: Dr. P.Bailliart (France); Vice-Chairmen: Dr. MacCallan (U.K.), Dr. Conrad Berens (U.S.A.),Prof. Vasquez Barriere (Uruguay), Dr. Bruce Hamilton (Australia); Secretary-General:Prof. Franceschetti (Switzerland); General Treasurer: M. de Courson (France); AssistantSecretary-General: Dr. A. Churchill (France); Members: Prof. Britto (Brazil), Prof.Ehlers (Denmark), Prof. El-Maziny Bey (Egypt), Prof. Marcraez (Mexico), Dr. Law(U.K.), Dr. Trantas (Greece), Prof. Maggiore (Italy), Prof. H. J.M. Weve (Netherlands),Prof. Melanowski (Poland), Prof. J. W. Nordenson (Sweden), Prof. Leplat (Belgium).

6 MEMBERS: The Association has Founder Members, other Governing Members (Coun-cillors), Supporting Members and Honorary Members. It also has corresponding Mem-bers in 45 countries and National Committees for the Prevention of Blindness in 20countries. Its membership includes the following countries: Argentina, Austria, Bel-gium, Brazil, Bulgaria, Canada, Chile, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, Egypt, Finland,France, Greece, Hungary, India, Indonesia, Israel, Italy, Luxembourg, Mexico, Nether-lands, Poland, Portugal, Rumania, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Thailand, Turkey,Union of South Africa, United Kingdom, United States of America, Uruguay.

9 FINANCES : National Subsidies and voluntary contributions from individuals, and frominternational or national organizations. Subscriptions of member countries.

10 MEETINGS: The General Assembly meets at least every two years.

12 PUBLICATIONS: Annual reports were published until 1936. Journal of Social Ophthal-mology since 1938 (English, French). From time to time, special issues on subjects ofparticular interest are published.

13 RELATIONS WITH OTHER INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS: Member of C I O M S ; officialrelations with WHO.

14 SHORT HISTORY: Founded in 1929, at The Hague. New statutes were adopted in 1939.Meetings have been held in Brussels, 1930; Paris, 1931; Paris, 1932; Madrid, 1933;Paris, 1934; London, 1935; Paris, 1936; Cairo, 1937; London, 1939; Paris, 1947;London, 1948. An International Congress took place in London in 1950, in conjunctionwith the Sixteenth Congress of the International Council of Ophthalmology and theInternational Organization against Trachoma.

INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATIONOF PSYCHOTECHNICS (AIP)

[ASSOCIATION INTERNATIONALE DE PSYCHOTECHNIQUE (AIP)]

2 ADDRESS: 41, rue Gay-Lussac, Paris-5e, France. Telephone: ODEon 83-94.

3 NATURE: Non-governmental.

4 AIMS: To establish contact between those who, in different countries, devote them-selves to scientific work in the field of applied psychology and physiology, and on theother hand, to advance the study and achievement of means likely to contribute tothe scientific and social development of applied psychology.

5 GOVERNING BODIES: Executive Committee of 30 members, OFFICERS: President: Prof.H. Pi6ron (France); General Secretary: Prof., H. Bonnardel (France); Treasurer: Dr.M. Coumetou (France).

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6 MEMBERS: 200 individual members in the following countries: Austria, Belgium,Brazil, Colombia, Finland, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Netherlands, Norway, Peru,Poland, Portugal, Rumania, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, United Kingdom, UnitedStates of America, Uruguay.

9 FINANCES: Members subscriptions.

10 MEETINGS: International Congresses every two years.

11 VOTING: Individual.

12 PUBLICATIONS: Progris de la Psychotechnique, 1939-45. La Psychotechnique dans lemonde moderne, Compte-rendu du IXe Congres International de Psychotechnique, Berne,12-17 September 1949. Half-yearly Bulletin, since 1952 (English, French).

14 SHORT HISTORY: Founded in 1920 at Geneva, by E. Claparede, at the InternationalConference of Psychology applied to Vocational Guidance. Second Congress, Barcelona,1921; Third, Milan, 1922; Fourth, Paris, 1927; Fifth, Utrecht, 1928; Sixth, Barcelona,1930; Seventh, Moscow, 1931; Eighth, Prague, 1934; Ninth, Berne, 1949; Tenth,Gotenburg, 1951; Eleventh, 27 July-1 August 1953.

INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATIONOF THALASSOTHERAPY

[ASSOCIATION INTERNATIONALE DE THALASSOTHfiRAPIE]

2 ADDRESS: C/O Dr. Henry Bith, 29, rue Hamelin, Paris-16e, France. Telephone: PASsy20-33.

3 NATURE: Non-governmental.

4 AIMS : To unite all persons working in the field of sea-therapy in its scientific aspects.

5 GOVERNING BODIES: Standing Committee: OFFICERS: President: Prof. Sorrel (France);Vice-Presidents: Prof. Justin Besancon (France), Dr. Hugo Biancani (France); Secre-tary-General: Prof. Charles Debray (France); Deputy Secretary-General: Dr. Henry Bith(France); Members: Dr. Armand Delille (France), Dr. Pierret (France), Prof. Mercklen(France), Prof. Aimes (France), Dr. Gimbert (France), Dr. Gerard Marchant (France),Prof. Delchef (Belgium), Dr. Delcroix (Belgium), Prof. Jovice (Yugoslavia), Prof.Delia Torre (Italy), Dr. Wallis (U.S.A.), Dr. Eizaguirra (Spain).

6 MEMBERS: Committees in various countries. Before each Congress, each adheringcountry organizes a Bureau in order to attract the greatest number of participants tothe Congress.

7 COMMISSIONS: At each Congress there are two Commissions, one clinical, the otherscientific. In France the Clinical Commission has for Chairman: Prof. Justin Besangon,and the Scientific Commission: Dr. Hugo Biancani.

9 FINANCES: The Standing Committee has a budget kept up by a legacy from Prof.Albert Robin and by members dues. The budget of each Congress is the responsibilityof its Organizing Committee and takes the form of governmental and municipal con-tributions, congress fees, etc.

10 MEETINGS: The Standing Committee meets every three months; Congress every threeyears.

11 VOTING: Individual.

12 PUBLICATIONS: After each Congress, the papers are published in a single volume of300 to 500 pages.

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14 SHORT HISTORY: Founded in Paris in 1908 on the initiative of Prof. Bouchard and Prof.Albert Robin with the aim of convening a Congress every three years either in Franceor'elsewhere. First Congress, Abbazia, Austria, 1908; Second, Cannes, 1914; Third,Venice, 1923; Fourth, Arcachon, France, 1926; Fifth, Constanza, 1929; Sixth, Berck,France, 1931; Seventh, St. Sebastien, Spain, 1935; Eighth, Montpellier, France, 1938.

16 COMMENTS: Between Congresses, the Standing Committee, in Paris, acts on behalf ofthe Association. The Ninth Congress will take place in Dubrovnik, Yugoslavia, in June1954.

INTERNATIONAL ASTHMA CONGRESS[CONGRES INTERNATIONAL DE L'ASTHME (CIA)]

2 ADDRESS: 72, rue du Faubourg Saint-Honore, Paris-8e, France. Telephone: ANJou61-30.

3 NATURE: Non-governmental.

4 AIMS: To discuss the progress achieved in different countries in questions related toasthma.

5 GOVERNING BODIES: Organizing Committee. OFFICERS: President: Prof. Pasteur Vallery-Radot (France); Medical Secretary: Dr. Jean Galup (Fiance); Administrative Secretary:Emile Lorin (France).

6 MEMBERS: 258 individual members in the following countries: Argentina, Australia,Belgium, Brazil, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, Egypt, Finland, France, Greece, Iran,Israel, Italy, Netherlands, Norway, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, United Kingdom,United States of America, Yugoslavia.

9 FINANCES: Supplied by the Thermal Spa at Mont-Dore, Puy-de-D6me, France, andmembership dues.

10 MEETINGS : Irregular; decided upon by the Organizing Committee of the Association.

12 PUBLICATIONS: Reports, communications and discussions of the Congresses on sale at72, rue du Faubourg Saint-Honore', Paris-8e.

14 SHORT HISTORY: The First Congress was held at Mont-Dore, France, on 4 and 5 June1932; the Second was also held at Mont-Dore from 3 to 5 June 1950.

THE INTERNATIONAL COLLEGE OF SURGEONS[COLLEGE INTERNATIONAL DES CHIRURGIENS]

EL COLEG1O INTERNACIONAL DE CIRUJANOS

2 ADDRESS: 1516 Lake Shore Drive, Chicago 10, 111., U.S.A. Telephone: Michigan 2-3555.Cable address: MAXTHOR CHICAGO.

3 NATURE: Non-governmental.

4 AIMS : To create a common bond among the surgeons of all nations and to promote thehighest standards in surgery throughout the world without regard to nationality, creedor colour. The College is organized as a world-wide teaching school for the advancementof the art and science of surgery in co-operation with the representative surgicalsocieties of every nation.

5 GOVERNING BODIES: The International House of Delegates consists of the Board ofTrustees, the Executive Council and delegates elected by the component sections. The

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Board of Trustees consists of the officers of the College and 68 other members, electedby the House of Delegates. The Executive Council is composed of the President, thePresident-Elect, the immediate Past-President, the Secretary-General, the Treasurer,the International Representative-at-Large and three members of the Board of Trusteeswho are appointed by the President, OFFICERS (elected May 1952 for a term of twoyears): President: Prof. Dr. Hans Finsterer (Austria); President-Elect: Prof. Dr. CarlosGama (Brazil); International Secretary-General (Permanent): Prof. Dr. Max Thorek(U.S.A.); Treasurer: Dr. James T. Case (U.S.A.); International Representative-at-Large: Dr. William Carpenter MacCarty, Sr. (U.S.A.).

6 MEMBERS: Individual membership, totalling approximately 9,000 in the followingcountries and territories: Argentina, Australia, Austria, Bahamas, Belgium, Bolivia,Brazil, British West Indies, Canada, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, DominicanRepublic, Denmark, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Finland, France, French West Africa,Germany, Greece, Guatemala, Haiti, Honduras, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Israel,Italy, Lebanon, Mexico, Netherlands, Netherlands East and West Indies, Nicaragua,Norway, Pakistan, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Portugal, Rhodesia, Spain,Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Turkey, Union of South Africa, United Kingdom, UnitedStates of America, Venezuela. Sections of the International College of Surgeons havebeen formed in the following countries: Argentina, Austria, Bolivia, Brazil, Canada,Colombia, Costa Rica, Finland, France, Germany, Haiti, Honduras, India, Israel, Italy,Mexico, Netherlands, Nicaragua, Pakistan, Peru, Southern Rhodesia, Spain, Turkey,United States of America, Venezuela. There are seven classes of membership: JuniorMembers, Associates, Fellows, Fellows in Anaesthesiology, Pathology and Roentgeno-logy, Honorary Fellows, Masters and Emeritus.

9 FINANCES: Each member pays an admission fee and annual dues. Fifty per cent of allfees and dues collected by the component Sections is the property of the College.

10 MEETINGS : International Assemblies are held every two years. The last two were heldin Buenos Aires in 1950 and Madrid in 1952. The United States and Canadian Sectionshold a joint Annual Assembly, open to all members of the College. Other Sections holdannual, semi-annual or quarterly meetings. The Executive Council and InternationalBoard of Trustees meet six times a year.

11 VOTING: Each Section is entitled to elect delegates to the International House ofDelegates as follows: one delegate for the first 100 members or fraction thereof andone delegate for each additional 100 members or fraction thereof. No Section is entitledto more than five voting delegates.

12 PUBLICATIONS: The Journal of the International College of Surgeons, monthly (English,French, German, Italian, Portuguese, Spanish). Editor-in-Chief: Prof. Dr. Max Thorek.

13 RELATIONS WITH OTHER INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS: The College is a founder

member of CIOMS and a member of the World Medical Association.

14 SHORT HISTORY: The College was founded by Professor Max Thorek in Geneva in 1935and was incorporated in Washington, D.C., in 1940.

16 COMMENTS: The Ninth International Assembly will take place in Sao Paulo, Brazil,in 1954.

INTERNATIONAL COMMITTEEOF MILITARY MEDICINE AND PHARMACY

[COMITE INTERNATIONAL DE MEDECINE ET DE PHARMACIE MILITAIRES]

COMITB INTERNACIONAL DE MEDICINA Y FARMACIA MILITARES

2 ADDRESS: 79, rue Saint-Laurent, Liege, Belgium.

3 NATURE: Intergovernmental.

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4 AIMS: To improve the lot of those invalided or wounded on active service or whileworking for the International Red Cross; to maintain close and regular contact be-tween persons in all countries responsible in peace and war for the care of militaryinvalids and wounded; to organize periodical international congresses of militarymedicine and pharmacy; to keep full and up-to-date information on all questions per-taining to army medicine and surgery; to disseminate this information; to keep intouch with the various army health services and international bodies concerned withthe welfare of army casualties.

5 GOVERNING BODIES : OFPICERS : The Chairman of the Committee is the President of theInternational Congress of Military Medicine and Pharmacy and is appointed by thecountry organizing the Congress. He takes up his duties the day the Congress opensand remains in office until the following Congress. Chairman: Medecin General In-specteur Jame (France); Secretary-General: General "V. Voncken (Belgium).

6 MEMBERS: The Committee consists of one representative of each Member Country,chosen preferably from among the officers of the Army, Navy and Air Force HealthServices, whether on the active or the reserve list. Founder countries are both honoraryand full members of the International Committee. The following countries are members:Argentina, Belgium, Bolivia, Brazil, Canada, Cuba, Denmark, Dominican Republic,Ecuador, Egypt, Finland, France, Greece, Hungary, India, Indonesia, Iran, Ireland,Israel, Italy, Jordan (Hashemite Kingdom of), Luxembourg, Malta, Mexico, Monaco,Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Pakistan, Poland, Portugal, Rumania, San Marino,Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Thailand, Turkey, United Kingdom, United Statesof America, Uruguay, Vatican, Venezuela.

9 FINANCES: Funds are derived from voluntary contributions from the various govern-ments subscribing to the Statutes of the Committee and agreeing to pay an annualgrant; donations from public or private organizations or private individuals; any sumthat the country organizing a Congress may cede to the Committee from the unexpendedallowance for the Congress.

10 MEETINGS: As a rule, Congresses are held every two years. No country that has alreadyorganized a Congress may organize a further Congress unless there are no other offers.

12 PUBLICATIONS: To carry out its work, the Committee has a permanent informationagency: the International Information Office for Military Medicine and Pharmacy.Information collected by the Office is disseminated through the International Bulletinof Army Health Services, monthly (English, French). The Bulletin is sent to members ofthe Committee, Heads of Health Services in member countries and individual sub-scribers.

13 RELATIONS WITH OTHER INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS: The Committee is a foundermember of CIOMS.

14 SHORT HISTORY: The Committee was established in 1921. The Thirteenth InternationalCongress of Military Medicine and Pharmacy was held in Paris in 1951, and the Four-teenth from 1 to 7 March 1953 in Montevideo.

INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON AUDIOLOGY[CONFERENCE INTERNATIONALE D ' A U D I O L O G I E ]

2 ADDRESS: President: Prof. Gunnar Holmgren, Strandvagen 5 Av., Stockholm, Sweden.Secretary-Treasurer: Dr. T. E. Cawthorne, 149 Harley Street, London, W.I., U.K.

3 NATURE: Non-governmental.

4 AIMS: (a) To bring together all scientists who are interested in hearing, and to promotethe interchange of ideas between otologists, physiologists, psychologists and physicians,

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speech experts and educationists; (b) to advise the individual groups working withinany country concerning the problems which may arise, and to encourage internationalstandardization of hearing tests.

5 GOVERNING BODIES: Executive Council, OFFICERS: President: Prof. Gunnar Holmgren(Sweden); Secretary-Treasurer: Dr. Terence Cawthorne (U.K.); Vice-Presidents:Prof. E. Huizinga (Netherlands), Prof. E. Luscher (Switzerland), Dr. N. Canfield(U.S.A.). Members: Dr. E. P. Fowler, Jr., (U.S.A.), Dr. C. S. Hallpike (U.K.), Prof.M. Sourdille (France), Prof. J. M. Tato (Argentina).

6 MEMBERS: Members in: Argentina, Belgium, Chile, Finland, France, Italy, Nether-lands, Poland, Sweden, Switzerland, United Kingdom, United States of America.

9 FINANCES : Private donations from individual members.

10 MEETINGS : Every two years.

13 RELATIONS WITH OTHER INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS : The Conference is a member ofCIOMS.

14 SHORT HISTORY: The First International Conference on Audiology was held in Sep-tember 1948, at Stockholm; the Second took place in London in July 1949. A Course inAudiology was held in Stockholm in September 1950. The Third International Con-ference took place at Leyden on 5 and 6 June 1953 following the International Coursein Audiology, Groningen, 1-4 June 1953.

I«t INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS OF THE BCG[ l e r CONGRES INTERNATIONAL DU BCG]

2 ADDRESS: Institut Pasteur, 25, rue du Docteur-Roux, Paris-15e, Fiance. Telephone:SEGur 01-10.

3 NATURE : Non-governmental.

4 AIMS : First meeting of all bacteriologists, clinicians and public health specialists inter-ested in combating tuberculosis by vaccinations with Calmette and Guerin vaccine.

5 OFFICERS: President: Prof. C. Guerin (France); Secretaries-General: Dr. L. Negre(France), Dr. J. Bretey (France).

6 MEMBERS : Some 300 scientists attended the Congress, either as official delegates from35 countries, or as guests of the Pasteur Institute or as ordinary participants. Countriesrepresented: Algeria, Argentina, Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Canada, China, Colombia,Czechoslovakia, Denmark, Egypt, Finland, France, Greece, Hungary, India, Ireland, Italy,Luxembourg, Mexico, Morocco, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Rumania,Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Tunisia, Tangiers, United Kingdom, United States ofAmerica, Uruguay, Yugoslavia.

10 MEETINGS : It has not yet been decided exactly when and where the next InternationalCongress of the BCG is to be held.

12 PUBLICATIONS: The Proceedings and the resolutions adopted by the Congress werepublished in English and French.

13 RELATIONS WITH OTHER INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS: Founder member of CIOMS.

14 SHORT HISTORY: The First International Congress of the BCG was held at the PasteurInstitute, Paris, from 18 to 23 June 1948.

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INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS OF DERMATOLOGY[CONGRES INTERNATIONAL DE DERMATOLOGIE]

2 ADDRESS: Secretary-General: G. B. Mitchell-Heggs, O.B.E., M.D., F.R.C.P., Instituteof Dermatology, University of London, St. John's Hospital for Diseases of the Skin,Lisle Street, Leicester Square, London, W.C.2, U.K. Telephone: GERrard 8383.

3 NATURE: Non-governmental.

4 AIMS: The convening of International Congresses of Dermatology and related questions.

5 GOVERNING BODIES: International Committee, OFFICERS: Chairman: Prof. G. Miescher(Switzerland); Secretary: Prof. Sven Hellerstrom (Sweden); Members: Prof. L. Arzt(Austria), Dr. Louis A. Brunsting (U.S.A.), Prof. R. Degos (France), Dr. G. B. Dowling(U.K.), Prof. F. Flarer (Italy), Prof. O. Gans (Germany), Prof. J. Gay Prieto (Spain),Prof. F. Kogoj (Yugoslavia), Prof. S. Lapiere (Belgium), Prof. M. I. Quiroga (Argentina);Ex Officio: Sir Archibald Gray (U.K.), Dr. G. B. Mitchell-Heggs (U.K.). BritishExecutive Committee, Xth International Congress of Dermatology held in London from21 to 26 July 1952: President: Sir Archibald Gray, C.B.E..M.D., F.R.C.P., F.R.C.S.;Secretary-General: G. B. Mitchell-Heggs, O.B.E., T.D., M.D., F.R.C.P.; Treasurer:John T. Ingram, M.D., F.R.C.P.; Academic Secretary: R. M. B. MacKenna.M.A.,M.D., F.R.C.P.; Editorial Secretary: F. Ray Bettley, T.D., M.D., F.R.C.P.; FinancialSecretary: G.A.Hodgson, M.B.E., T.D., M.D.; Social Secretary: J. E. M. Wigley,M.B.,F.R.C.P.; Members: G.W. Bamber, M.D., F.R.C.P., H.W. Barber, M.A., M.B.,F.R.C.P., G. B. Dowling, M.D., F.R.C.P., F.F. Hellier, O.B.E., M.D., F.R.C.P.,I. H. McCaw, M.D., B.A.O., Prof. G. H. Percival, M.D., Ph.D., F.R.C.P. (Ed.),D.P.H., J. Ferguson Smith, M.A., M.D., F.R.F.P.S.G., M. Sydney Thomson,M.A., M.D., F.R.C.P., F.R.S. (Ed.), H.R. Vickers, V.R.D., M.Sc, M.B., F.R.C.P.

12 PUBLICATIONS: Proceedings of the Tenth International Congress of Dermatology.

16 COMMENTS : The Eleventh International Congress of Dermatology will be held in Stock-holm, in September 1957. Information may be obtained from Prof. Sven Hellerstrom,Dermatologiska Kliniken, Karolinska Sjukhuset, Stockholm 60, Sweden.

INTERNATIONAL CONGRESSOF NEO-HIPPOCRATIC MEDICINE

[CONGRES INTERNATIONAL DE MEDECINE HIPPOCRATIQUE]

2 ADDRESS: Societe des Eaux Minerales d'Evian, Evian, Haute-Savoie, France. Tele-phone: 410. Cable address: DIRCACHAT EVIAN.

3 NATURE: Non-governmental.

4 AIMS: Organization of International Medical Congresses.5 GOVERNING BODIES: OFFICERS: President: Prof.Laignel-Lavastine(France); Vice-Presi-

dents: Prof. Leriche (France), Prof. Giraud (France), Prof. Maranon (Spain), Prof.Cawadias (U.K.), Prof. Phocas (Greece), Prof. Messini (Italy), Prof, de Castro(Brazil); Scientific General Secretary: Prof. Pierre Delore (France); AdministrativeSecretary: M. Maubert (France).

16 COMMENTS: The Second International Congress will take place in Evian, France, from3 to 7 September 1953.

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INTERNATIONAL CONGRESSOF NEUROPATHOLOGY

[CONGRES INTERNATIONAL DE NEUROPATHOLOGIE]

2 ADDRESS: C/O Dr. Armando Ferraro, Secretary-General, 722 West 168th Street, NewYork 32, N.Y., U.S.A. Telephone: LOng Island 8-4000.

3 NATURE: Non-governmental.

4 AIMS: TO foster international contact with neuropathologists from all over the worldin order to discuss problems related to advancement of histopathologic studies ofnervous and mental diseases and discuss new techniques of investigations. It is intendedto meet once every four years in order to bring up to date all knowledge acquired in theinterim concerning the histopathology of nervous and mental diseases.

5 GOVERNING BODIES: OFFICERS: President: Dr. Mario Gozzano (Italy); Vice-President:Dr. L. DeLisi (Italy); Secretary-General: Dr. Armando Ferraro (U.S.A.); HonoraryPresidents: Dr. J. G. Greenfield (U.K.), Dr. O. Vogt (Germany), Dr. U. Cerletti (Italy),Dr. J. Lhermitte (France), Dr. G. B. Hassin (U.S.A.); Treasurer: Dr. L. Bini (Italy).

6 MEMBERS : Members from the following countries participated in the First InternationalCongress of Neuropathology, Rome 1952: Argentina, Australia, Austria, Belgium,Brazil, Canada, Chile, Cuba, Denmark, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Finland, France,Germany, Greece, Honduras, Iraq, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Japan, Malta, Mexico, Nether-lands, New Zealand, Norway, Panama, Peru, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,Turkey, United Kingdom, United States of America, Uruguay.

9 FINANCES: Registration fee of U.S. $15 for each member. Subventions from the Ameri-can Association of Neuropathologists and CIOMS.

10 MEETINGS: In principle every four years.

11 VOTING: Voting by countries.

12 PUBLICATIONS: Proceedings of the First International Congress of Neuropathology.

13 RELATIONS WITH OTHER INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS: Relat ions w i t h CIOMS.

14 SHORT HISTORY: The First International Congress of Neuropathology, Rome, 8-13 Sep-tember 1952, was promoted by the American Association of Neuropathologists. Variousnational committees were formed in 1950 and the first meeting of the national Chairmenof the various committees took place in Paris in May 1951.

yth INTERNATIONAL CONGRESSOF OTOLARYNGOLOGY

[Ve CONGRES INTERNATIONAL D'OTO-LARYNGOLOGIE]

Vie INTERNATIONALE KEEL-NEUS-OORHEELKUNDIG CONGRES

2 ADDRESS: J. J. Viottastraat 1, Amsterdam, Netherlands. Cable address: STRUBENAMSTERDAM.

3 NATURE : Non-governmental.

4 AIMS : Meeting of all specialists in Oto-Rhino-Laryngo-Broncho-Oesophagology.

5 GOVERNING BODIES: The Fifth Congress was organized by the Dutch Society of Oto-laryngology. OFFICERS (terms expire 1957): President of the Congress: Prof. Dr. EelcoHuizinga; General Secretary: W.H. Struben; Treasurer: Mrs. F. Velleman-Pinto;Scientific Secretaries: P. G. Gerlings, J. Bijtel; Reception Secretaries: Miss A. Schippers,A. Dokkum.

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6 MEMBERS: Otolaiyngologists from the following countries attended the Congress:Argentina, Australia, Austria, Belgium, Brazil, Canada, Ceylon, Chile, Cuba, Denmark,Ecuador, Egypt, Finland, France, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, India, Iran, Ireland,Israel, Italy, Luxembourg, Mexico, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Portugal, Spain,Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, United Kingdom, United States of America, Uruguay,Venezuela, Yugoslavia.

9 FINANCES : Registration fees of participants and grants.

10 MEETINGS: An International Congress every four years.

12 PUBLICATIONS: The Proceedings after each Congress contain papers in either English,French or German and are sent to all members attending the Congress.

13 RELATIONS WITH OTHER INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS: The Congress is a foundermember of CIOMS.

14 SHORT HISTORY: The First Congress was held in Copenhagen in 1928; the Second inMadrid in 1932, the Third in Berlin in 1936. The Fourth should have taken place in theNetherlands in 1940. This was for obvious reasons impossible. After the war the DutchSociety of Otolaryngologists was in no position to organize an international congress,and therefore the British otolaryngologists, who were next on the list, restarted theCongresses. The Fourth Congress was held in London from 18 to 23 July 1949, and theFifth in Amsterdam from 8 to 13 June 1953.

INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS OF RADIOLOGY (ICR)[CONGRES INTERNATIONAL DE RADIOLOGIE]

2 ADDRESS: 0ster Voldgade 10, Copenhagen K, Denmark. Telephone: Byen 6703. Cableaddress: RADIOLOGY COPENHAGEN.

3 NATURE: Non-governmental.

4 AIMS: The International Congress of Radiology has for its object the development andthe advancement of medical radiology by giving radiologists in different countries anopportunity for personally submitting their experiences, exchanging and discussingtheir ideas, and forming personal bonds with their colleagues.

5 GOVERNING BODIES : The International Committee of Radiology, consisting of delegatesappointed by the radiological societies of the various countries, forms the SupremeCouncil for all International Congresses of Radiology. Every country which has oneor more radiological societies is entitled to appoint up to five delegates to the Inter-national Committee of Radiology. The Committee is appointed for three years. TheInternational Executive Committee consists of the chairmen of delegations from sevencountries selected by the International Committee, and of the President of the Congress,together with the last three living Presidents, OFFICERS of the Seventh Congress,Copenhagen 1953: President: Prof. P. Flemming Moller (Denmark, 1953-56); Secretary-General: Prof. Dr. Flemming Norgaard (Denmark, 1953-56); Executive Secretary: MissA. N. Reader (U.K.).

6 MEMBERS : Members of radiological societies in all countries, and persons proposed byradiological societies. It is estimated that there are about 12,000 radiologists in theworld.

7 COMMISSIONS: International Commission on Radiological Protection: Chairman: SirErnest Rock Carling (U.K.). International Commission on Radiological Units: Chairman:Prof. W. V. Mayneord (U.K.). International Commission for Stage-grouping in Cancerand for the Presentation of the Results of Treatment of Cancer (ICRC): Chairman: Prof.J. Heyman (Sweden).

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9 FINANCES: For defraying the expenses of the International Executive Committeebetween the Congresses each International Congress of Radiology places a sum ofU.S. $200 at the disposal of the newly elected President. The organization of the SixthCongress, London 1950, cost approximately £30,000, raised by registration fees anddonations.

10 MEETINGS: Congresses are held every three years. The International Executive Com-mittee meets immediately prior to each meeting of the International Committee, whichmeets the day before each Congress. The Commissions meet as often as desired duringeach Congress.

11 VOTING: Each country is entitled to one vote.

12 PUBLICATIONS: Summaries of the papers are handed to the members at the Congress, inEnglish, French and German. Speakers are free to publish their papers in the journalof their choice.

13 RELATIONS WITH OTHER INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS: The Congress is a foundermember of CIOMS.

14 SHORT HISTORY: The First Congress took place in London in 1925, followed by others inStockholm 1928, Paris 1931, Zurich 1934, Chicago 1937, and London 1950.

15 BIBLIOGRAPHY: Handbooks published at the Congresses but not available for purchase.A report has been compiled on the Organization of the Vlth Congress in London in1950. A few copies are still available from the Congress Office.

16 COMMENTS: The Seventh International Congress of Radiology will be held in Copen-hagen from 19 to 25 July 1953. It was decided at the Sixth. Congress in London toestablish a permanent secretariat with an overlap between the outgoing and incomingExecutive Secretaries if they should be different persons.

INTERNATIONAL CONGRESSESOF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND MALARIA

[CONGRES INTERNATIONAUX DE MEDECINE TROPICALE ET DU PALUDISME]

2 ADDRESS: Beyoglu Tunel Meydani 2, Istambul, Turkey. Interim Committee: Prof. Dr.A. Dubois, Secretary-Treasurer, 155, rue Nationale, Antwerp, Belgium.

3 NATURE: Non-governmental.

4 AIMS: Organize in 1953, at Istambul the Fifth International Congresses of TropicalMedicine and Malaria, in accordance with the resolutions of the preceding Congressmeeting held at Washington, D.C., in 1948.

5 GOVERNING BODIES: Turkish Organizing Committee, OFFICERS: President: Prof. TefvikSaglam (Turkey); Secretary-General: Prof. Ishan Sukrii Aksel (Turkey).

6 MEMBERS: Participants in the Congress.

9 FINANCES: Congress dues and grants from the host country.

12 PUBLICATIONS: Ada Conventus Tertii de Tropicis Atque Malariae Morbis, Amsterdam1938 (English, French, German). Proceedings of the Fourth International Congresses onTropical Medicine and Malaria, Washington 1948 (English, French, Spanish). Compte-Rendu du Deuxieme Congres International du Paludisme, Alger 1930 (English, French,German, Italian).

13 RELATIONS WITH OTHER INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS: Member o f CIOMS.

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14 SHORT HISTORY: The Third International Congress of Tropical Medicine and Malaria,Amsterdam, 24 September to 1 October 1938, was the first joint meeting of the twointernational organizations and the third of each. The First Congress of Tropical Medi-cine met in London from 7 to 12 August 1913, and the Second in Cairo, 15 -22 December1928. The First International Congress of Malaria met in Rome, 4-6 October 1925, andthe Second in Algiers, 19-24 May 1930. The Fourth International Congresses of TropicalMedicine and Malaria were held at Washington, 10-18 May 1948. They formed thesecond joint meeting, and the first of either organization to be held in the WesternHemisphere.

16 COMMENTS : The Fifth International Congresses will be held at Istambul from 28 Augustto 4 September 1953.

INTERNATIONAL COUNCIL OF NURSES (ICN)[CONSEIL INTERNATIONAL DES INFIRMIERES]

2 ADDRESS: 19 Queen's Gate, London, S.W.7, U.K. Telephone: WEStern 2096. Cableaddress: ICNURSES LONDON.

3 NATURE: Non-governmental.

4 AIMS: The International Council of Nurses stands for self-government by nurses intheir associations for the purpose of raising standards of professional education andpractice, as well as those governing the ethical conduct and public usefulness of nurses.It aims to provide a means of communication between nurses of various nationalities,to create opportunities for them to confer upon questions relating to the preventive,curative and social aspects of nursing and the advancement of nurses, and to affordfacilities for the promotion of international understanding and the interchange of inter-national hospitality.

5 GOVERNING BODIES: The general business is transacted by the Board of Directors,composed of the Officers of the Council and the National Representatives (the presidentsof active national member associations). At the present time, the Board of Directorsnumbers 30. The voting body is known as the Grand Council, and consists of the mem-bers of the Board of Directors, together with four delegates from each active member,plus the Councillors (foundation members), OFFICERS : President: Gerda Hojer (Sweden);Honorary President: Annie D. Goodrich (U.S.A.); Vice-Presidents: M. I. Lambie (NewZealand), K. J. Densford (U.S.A.), G. M. Fairley (Canada); Executive Secretary:Daisy C. Bridges (U.K.); Honorary Treasurer: G. E. Davies (U.K.); Deputy Treasurer:M. J. Marriott (U.K.). (Terms of office expire in July 1953, at the time of the Quadren-nial Congress in Rio de Janeiro).

6 MEMBERS: Active Members and Honorary Members. Active Members: one nationalassociation from each country, composed of nurses or a national federation of nurses.In a country in which a national association has not been organized or in which anorganization exists which is not a member of the Council, the Board of Directors mayappoint a nurse from that country to be known as a National Associate. A NationalAssociate acts in an advisory capacity to the Council. There are active members in thefollowing countries: Australia, Austria, Belgium, Brazil, Canada, China, Cuba, Den-mark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Haiti, Iceland, India, Ireland, Italy, Japan,Korea, Netherlands, Neiv Zealand, Norway, Philippines, Southern Rhodesia, Sweden,Switzerland, Turkey, Union of South Africa, United Kingdom, United States of America,and National Associates in Ceylon, Chile, Colombia, Egypt, Federation of Malaya,Israel, Lebanon, Liberia, Luxembourg, Mexico, Northern Rhodesia, Pakistan, Portugal,Spain, Thailand, Trinidad, Venezuela.

7 COMMISSIONS : Standing Committees on Membership, Revision of Constitution and By-Laws, Finance, Nominating, Ethics of Nursing, Education, Nursing Service, Publications,

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Congress Programme, Congress Arrangements. Special Committees on Economic Welfare,Public Relations.

9 FINANCES : Annual dues from each active member on a per capita basis, according tothe membership of each national association at the close of the fiscal year; voluntarycontributions.

10 MEETINGS: Regular meetings of the Grand Council in connexion with the quadrennialCongresses. Regular meetings of the Board of Directors preceding and immediatelyfollowing each meeting of the Grand Council.

11 VOTING: Each member of the Grand Council is entitled to one vote; voting is by simplemajority.

12 PUBLICATIONS : International Nursing Bulletin, quarterly, only in English since WorldWar I I ; French and German translations of editorial and feature articles. Basic Edu-cation of the Professional Nurse. National Reports. Congress Proceedings. Report for1951.

13 RELATIONS WITH OTHER INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS: The Council is a foundermember of CIOMS; official relationship with WHO.

14 SHORT HISTORY: The proposition to found an International Council of Nurses was madeby Mrs. Bedford Fenwick at a Conference convened by the Matrons' Council of GreatBritain and Ireland in London in July 1899. The Council was re-organized in 1935. LastConference held in Stockholm in June 1949.

16 COMMENTS : The Florence Nightingale International Foundation became associated withthe ICN at the meeting in Stockholm, June 1949. Director: Ellen Broe (Denmark).

INTERNATIONAL COUNCIL OF OPHTHALMOLOGY[CONSEIL INTERNATIONAL D'OPHTALMOLOGIE]

2 ADDRESS: c/o Dr. Edward Hartmann, 2, avenue Ingres, Paris-16e, France. Telephone:AUTeuil 08-97.

3 NATURE: Non-governmental.

4 ALMS: To ensure permanent co-operation between representative OphthalmologicalSocieties of different countries.

5 GOVERNING BODIES: The Council consists of the President of the forthcoming Inter-national Congress of Ophthalmology, the President of the last Congress, the retiringPresident and Secretary of the Council, the President, Vice-President, Secretary andTreasurer of the Council, the President of the International Organization againstTrachoma, the President of the International Association for Prevention of Blindness,and 10 other members, OFFICERS (terms expire 1958): President: Sir Stewart Duke-Elder (U.K.); Vice-President: Dr. Conrad Berens (U.S.A.); Secretary: Dr. Edward Hart-mann (France); Treasurer: Prof. Marc Amsler (Switzerland).

6 MEMBERS: Ophthalmological Societies in the following countries: Argentina, Brazil,Canada, Denmark, France, Germany, Greece, India, Italy, Sweden, United Kingdom,United States of America.

9 FINANCES : The subscription of each associated society is proportional to the number ofits members; the present amount is 0.50 Sw.fr.

10 MEETINGS : International Congresses in principle every four years. Council meetings oncea year.

11 VOTING: One vote for each society represented.

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12 PUBLICATIONS: Index Ophtalmologicus, every four years.

13 RELATIONS WITH OTHER INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS: T h e Council is a foundermember of CIOMS.

14 SHORT HISTORY: The Council was founded on 1 July 1927. Its present Statutes wereadopted during the Fourteenth International Congress of Ophthalmology held inMadrid in 1933.

16 COMMENTS: The Sixteenth Congress is scheduled to take place in September 1954 inNew York.

INTERNATIONAL DENTAL FEDERATION (FDI)[FEDERATION DENTAIRE INTERNATIONALE (FDl)]

2 ADDRESS: C/O 166, chaussee d'Etterbeek, Brussels, Belgium.

3 NATURE: Non-governmental.

4 AIMS: To promote and encourage research in dental science; to organize dental con-gresses every five years; to organize international commissions of its members; toaward the Miller Prize and other prizes; to promote and foster the organization ofbodies which contribute to the advancement of dental science; to maintain and streng-then the ties which bind national dental societies to one another; to promote the for-mation of dental societies where none exist; to preserve and collect dental literature anddocuments and to make these available for international consultation by the establish-ment of regional documentation centres; to publish an international dental journal.

5 GOVERNING BODIES : The General Assembly, which all members may attend, is the su-preme governing body of the Federation. The Executive Council directs and administersthe affairs of the Federation. It is composed of delegates from different countries whomeet every year with various Commissions or Committees appointed to deal withspecial subjects and to prepare the International Dental Congresses. The number ofdelegates varies according to the number of affiliated members in each country. ThePermanent Bureau is elected by the Executive Council. The Executive Committee is com-posed of the Past President, the Secretary-General, the Treasurer and three members.OFFICERS: Honorary President: A. E. Rowlett (U.K.); Honorary Vice-Presidents:Dr. E. Dubeau (Canada), Dr. E. Haderup (Denmark), Dr. M. F. Watry (Belgium),Dr. R. Jaccard (Switzerland); President: Dr. Oren A. Oliver (U.S.A.); Vice-Presidents:Dr. J. Deliberos (France), Dr. H. Hillenbrand (U.S.A.), Dr. A. Joachim (Belgium),Dr. D. F. Lynch (U.S.A.), Dr. O. Grythe (Norway); Past President: Dr. Ch. L. F. Watry(Netherlands); Secretary-General: Dr. G. H. Leatherman(U.K.); Treasurer: Dr. J. Stork(Netherlands); Chairman of the Council: Dr. "W. Stewart Ross (U.K.); Members: Dr.K. Gard (Norway), Dr. T. Brandrup-Wognsen (Sweden), Dr. Solas (France).

6 MEMBERS: National associations in the following countries: Argentina, Australia,Belgium, Canada, Chile, China, Cuba, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, Finland, France,Greece, India, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Luxembourg, Mexico, Netherlands, New Zealand,Nicaragua, Norway, Peru, Philippines, Portugal, Sweden, Switzerland, Union of SouthAfrica, United Kingdom, United States of America, Uruguay.

7 COMMISSIONS: Legislation; Oral Hygiene; Publications; Scientific Research; Education;Terminology; Public Dental Service; Relations with International Organizations.

9 FINANCES : Annual subscriptions of the National Associations. The revenue from sub-scriptions is supplemented by the interest of a capital trust fund to meet generalexpenditure, and a Congress Fund to advance money as a loan to the organizers offuture Congresses.

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10 MEETINGS : The Executive Council meets once a year. General Meetings and Congressesare held every five years.

11 VOTING: Associations are entitled to a number of delegates which varies according tothe number of individual members in each national society.

Membership Votes1- 1,000 1

1,000- 5,000 25,000-12,000 3

12,000-20,000 4over 20,000 5

12 PUBLICATIONS: International Dental Journal, publishes reports and proceedings of theCongresses along with, as a Supplement, the Administrative Bulletin of the Federation.

13 RELATIONS WITH OTHER INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS: Official relationship withWHO; founder member of CIOMS.

14 SHORT HISTORY : Founded in 1900 in Paris at the time of the Third International DentalCongress. Since then Annual Meetings have been held regularly, except during thetwo world wars. The last Congresses were held at Boston, Mass., U.S.A., in August 1947and in London in July 1952.

16 COMMENTS: The prizes awarded by the Federation are: The Miller Prize (in memory ofProf. W. D. Miller), awarded every five years to one or two persons who have renderedoutstanding services to dental science; the Georges Villain Prize, created in memory ofGeorges Villain, is awarded every five years for outstanding contributions in the fieldof orthodontics or prosthodontics; the Jessen Prize is awarded to persons or groups whohave distinguished themselves in the field of dental prophylaxis for children. TheEastman Fund is intended for the work of the Hygiene Commission. The income fromthe Competition Research Fund is used for grants to enable dentists to undertakescientific research work.

INTERNATIONAL DIABETES FEDERATION (IDF)[FEDERATION INTERNATIONALE DU DIAB^TE (FID)]

2 ADDRESS: Prinsegracht 33, The Hague, Netherlands. Telephone: 399193.

3 NATURE: Non-governmental.

4 AIMS: (a) To stimulate progress and research on Diabetes Mellitus; to disseminate inter-nationally all information, relating to this research and the therapy of Diabetes Melli-tus; (b) to organize regular congresses dealing with the scientific and purely medical,and the medico-social aspects of Diabetes; (c) to further the social interests of diabeticpatients.

5 GOVERNING BODIES : Council consisting of two representatives, one medical and onelay, of each national Member Association. Executive Board, OFFICERS: HonoraryPresidents: Dr. H. C. Best (Canada), Dr. Elliot P. Joslin (U.S.A.); President: Dr. R. D.Lawrence (U.K.); Vice-Presidents: Dr. Howard F. Root (U.S.A.), Prof. Dr. J. P. Hoet(Belgium), Maitre Maurice Paz (France); Secretary-Treasurer: Dr. F. Gerritzen (Nether-lands).

6 MEMBERS: Diabetes Associations in: Belgium, Canada, Denmark, Finland, France,Germany, Italy, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, United Kingdom.

8 FACILITIES : Library.

9 FINANCES: Membership dues and gifts from Insulin Manufacturers.

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10 MEETINGS: Congresses every three years.

11 VOTING: By Association.

13 RELATIONS WITH OTHER INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS: Member of CIOMS.

14 SHORT HISTORY: The IDF was founded on 23 September 1950 after suggestions for itsfoundation had been made at the 'Journees Medicales' held at Brussels in June 1949.The First International Congress was held at Leyden from 7 to 12 July 1952.

INTERNATIONAL FEDERATIONOF OPHTHALMOLOGICAL SOCIETIES

[FEDERATION INTERNATIONALE DES SOCI&TES D'OPHTALMOLOGIE]

2 ADDRESS: c/o Conseil International d'Ophtalmologie: Secretary: Dr. Edward Hart-mann, 2, avenue Ingres, Paris-16e, France. Telephone: AUTeuil 08-97.

3 NATURE: Non-governmental.

4 AIMS: The aim of the International Federation of Ophthalmological Societies is topromote the science of Ophthalmology among all peoples and nations, and in further-ance of this to ensure permanent co-operation between representative OphthalmologicalSocieties of different countries and with their Governments and the various internationalbodies concerned with the organization of educational, scientific and cultural matters.For these purposes it shall elect, through its members, the International Council ofOphthalmology which shall act as its executive body.

5 GOVERNING BODIES: The executive body is the International Council of Ophthalmology.OFFICERS of the International Council of Ophthalmology (Concilium OphthalmologicumUniversale): President: Sir Stewart Duke-Elder (U.K.); Vice-President: Conrad Berens,M.D., (U.S.A.); Secretary: Dr. Edward Hartmann (France); Treasurer: Prof. MarcAmsler (Switzerland).

6 MEMBERS : An Ophthalmological Society recognized as having a national status by theOphthalmologists of a country is entitled to join the Federation as an Affiliated Society.Each Society joining the Federation appoints one of its members as delegate.

9 FINANCES: Each affiliated Society pays 0.50 Swiss francs a year, for each of its nationalmembers.

10 MEETINGS: At each International Congress of Ophthalmology the delegates of thefederated societies sit with the members of the International Council of Ophthal-mology to form a Joint Meeting to transact the business of the Federation and elect newmembers of the Council. The President of the Council is Chairman of this Joint Meeting.All members of both bodies have equal voting powers and the Chairman has a castingvote.

11 VOTING: 'In the event of more than one Society from the same country, together withits Colonies, dependencies and trusteeship territories, becoming affiliated to the Fe-deration and thus their country being represented thereon by more than one delegate,only one of these, to be chosen among themselves, shall have voting powers.' (Statutes,Article III.)

13 RELATIONS WITH OTHER INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS: Relations with the Inter-national Council of Ophthalmology (see 4 and 10 above). The International Councilof Ophthalmology which acts as the executive body of the Federation is a foundermember of CIOMS.

14 SHORT HISTORY : The Federation was formed at the meeting of the International Councilof Ophthalmology held in Madrid in 1933, during the Fourteenth International

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Congress of Ophthalmology. The delegates of the different Societies affiliated to theFederation met for the first time in Cairo in 1937, during the Fifteenth InternationalCongress of Ophthalmology. The second meeting took place in London in 1950, at thetime of the Sixteenth International Congress of Ophthalmology.

16 COMMENTS: The next and third meeting of the Federation will take place during theSeventeenth International Congress of Ophthalmology in New York in September 1954.

INTERNATIONAL FEDERATION OF PHYSICALMEDICINE (IFPM)

[FEDERATION INTERNATIONALE DE MEDECINE PHYSIQUE ( F I M P ) ]

2 ADDRESS: 45 Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, W.C.2, U.K. Telephone: HOLborn 3474.Cable address: COLLSURG LONDON.

3 NATURE: Non-governmental.

4 AIMS: The object of the Federation is the advancement of all aspects of PhysicalMedicine for the benefit of mankind by: (a) the linking on an international level ofexisting local (national and regional) societies of Physical Medicine; (b) the organizationof International Congresses of Physical Medicine at regular intervals; (c) the collectionand exchange of information on matters appertaining to Physical Medicine, betweenmembers of the Federation; (d) any other means which, in the opinion of the Inter-national Committee (or the Executive Committee for the time being), shall tend tofurther the object of the Federation; (e) the organization of symposia and seminarsin subjects proper and related to Physical Medicine.

5 GOVERNING BODIES : The International Committee of Physical Medicine is composed ofthe officers and the delegates appointed by the full-member societies of the InternationalFederation of Physical Medicine, and meets on the occasion of International Congresses(every four years). It delegates to its Executive Committee powers to conduct businessbetween meetings of the International Committee itself. The President of the Federationis the President of the last preceding International Congress of Physical Medicine, andholds office until the close of the succeeding International Congress of Physical Medicine.He is also the Chairman of the International Committee of Physical Medicine. TheHonorary Secretary and the Honorary Treasurer are elected by the InternationalCommittee and hold office until the next Congress. They are re-eligible for anotherterm of office. OFFICERS: President: The Right Hon. Lord Horder, G.C.V.O. (U.K.);Immediate Past President: Dr. Frank Krusen (U.S.A.); President Elect: vacant;Secretary: Dr. P. Bauwens (U.K.); Treasurer: Dr. H. A. Burt (U.K.).

6 MEMBERS: Societies of Physical Medicine in: Argentina, Australia, Austria, Belgium,Canada, Denmark, Germany, Israel, Netherlands, Norway, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,United Kingdom, United States of America.

9 FINANCES: Subscriptions of member societies at the present rate of 2/- sterling percapita of their membership.

10 MEETINGS: International Congresses of Physical Medicine will be organized everyfour years and meetings of the International Committee of Physical Medicine will becalled on these occasions. Meetings of the Executive Committee may be called atother times, possibly on the occasion of symposia.

11 VOTING: One vote for each national delegation.

13 RELATIONS WITH OTHER INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS: The Federation is a memberof CIOMS.

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14 SHORT HISTORY: Before 13 July 1952, when the International Federation of PhysicalMedicine was formally constituted by the International Committee of Physical Medicinerepresenting 15 founder countries, there had existed an Interim Committee set up inMay 1950. This Interim Committee consisted of a Chairman, Vice-Chairman, HonoraryTreasurer, Honorary Secretary and two other Members. The next InternationalCongress of Physical Medicine will take place in Denmark in 1956. Until then it isanticipated that symposia dealing with subjects in more limited fields of PhysicalMedicine will be organized, possibly on the occasion of other international congressesin subjects allied to and of interest to Physical Medicine. The Federation also plansto organize seminars in this field.

INTERNATIONAL FEDERATION OF SOCIETIESFOR ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHY

AND CLINICAL NEUROPHYSIOLOGY[FEDERATION INTERNATIONALE DE SOCIETES D'ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHIE

ET DE NEUROPHYSIOLOGIE CLINIQUE]

2 ADDRESS: Secretary: Dr. Henri Gastaut, 149, promenade de la Corniche, Marseille(Bouches-du-Rhone), France.

3 NATURE: Non-governmental.

4 AIMS : The object of the Federation is to see that all countries have the fullest possibleknowlege of electroencephalography and clinical neurophysiology.

5 GOVERNING BODIES : The Federation is governed by an Executive Committee, consistingof a Chairman, three Vice-Chairmen, Secretary and Treasurer, elected by the GeneralAssembly, and of members of the Federation represented by the Chairmen and Secre-taries of National Societies. The Committee is under the patronage of an HonoraryPresident and remains in office from one Congress to the next. The General Assemblycomprising all the officers of the various Member Associations of the Federation meetsat the same time and place as the International Congress, OFFICERS : Honorary Presi-dent: Prof. E. D. Adrian (U.K.); President: Dr. H. Jasper (Canada); Vice-Presidents:Dr. R. Schwab (U. S.A.), Dr. Grey Walter (U.K.), Dr. F. Buchthal (Denmark); Secretary:Dr. Henri Gastaut (France); Treasurer: Dr. A. Remond (France).

6 MEMBERS : The Federation consists of all National Societies of Electroencephalographyand Clinical Neurophysiology whose applications for membership have been approvedby the Executive Committee. Honorary membership may be conferred by the GeneralAssembly on any association or person having rendered signal service to the Federation.The National Societies in the following countries and regions belong to the Federation:France, United Kingdom, United States of America, Belgium, Netherlands, Denmark,Sweden, Switzerland, Germany, Italy, Spain, Latin America, Japan, Norway.

7 COMMISSIONS: Organizing Committee of the International Congress, the main objectof which is to see to the material and scientific preparation of the Congress, comprisesa Chairman, one or more Vice-Chairmen, a Secretary and a Treasurer; the TechnicalCommittee of three to six members elected by the General Assembly, is responsible forestablishing and improving the technical standards recommended for equipment andfor research methods in electroencephalography and clinical neurophysiology; theCultural Committee considers the conditions under which specialists receive theirgeneral and supplementary training and prepares and unifies specialized vocabularieswith the equivalent of all terms in the two official languages, English and French;it consists of three to six members elected by the General Assembly.

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9 FINANCES : Member Associations pay au annual subscription, the amount of which isfixed and may be revised by the General Assembly. The subscription is proportionateto the number of members in each association.

10 MEETINGS: International Congresses, during which the General Assembly and theExecutive Committee meet. The latter may also be convened by its Secretary, at therequest of one of its members.

12 PUBLICATIONS: Electroencephalography and Clinical Newophysiology, internationalquarterly (English, French, Spanish).

13 RELATIONS WITH OTHER INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS: Member of CIOMS.

14 SHORT HISTORY : The Federation was established at the close of the Second InternationalCongress of Electroencephalography, which met from 1 to 3 September 1949 in Paris.

16 COMMENTS: The Third International Congress will be held from 14 to 22 August 1953at Boston, Mass., U.S.A. The Secretary-General is Dr. R. Schwab, MassachusettsGeneral Hospital, Boston 14, Mass., U.S.A.

INTERNATIONAL FEDERATION OF THERMALISMAND CLIMATISM

[FEDERATION INTERNATIONALE DO THERMALISME ET DU CLIMATISME (FITEC)]

2 ADDRESS: Stadtbachstrasse 12, Baden, Switzerland. Telephone: (056) 2 59 22. Cableaddress: FITEC BADEN SWITZERLAND.

3 NATURE: Semi-governmental.

4 AIMS : To provide closer co-operation in the theoretical and practical solution of scient-ific, medical, technical, economic, administrative, legal and tourist problems, betweenpublic and private agencies concerned with thermalism and climatism in the variouscountries.

5 GOVERNING BODIES: General Assembly consisting of full members, who alone areentitled to vote. Honorary members are also invited to the General Assembly butonly in an advisory capacity. The Secretaries-General of the National Federationsmay also attend the General Assembly in an advisory capacity. The Assembly ofDelegates, at which each member country is represented by a delegate elected for threeyears, also elects for a term of three years, two Auditors and two Deputies. The Govern-ing Committee consists of a Chairman and two Vice-Chairmen elected by the Assemblyof Delegates. A Secretary-General or a Legal Adviser is elected by the GoverningCommittee, OFFICERS: President: A. Schirmer (Switzerland); Vice-Presidents: D. H.Flurin (France), A. Michetti (Italy); Legal Adviser: M. Sarraz-Bournet (France).

6 MEMBERS: Full members: Austria, Belgium, France, Germany, Greece, Israel, Italy,Luxembourg, Monaco, Portugal, Spain, Switzerland, Turkey, Yugoslavia. Correspondingmembers: Argentina, Brazil, Egypt, United Kingdom, United States of America.

7 COMMISSIONS: Medical and Scientific Commission: Chairman: Prof. Santenoise (France).Commission on Equipment: Chairman: A. Boever (Luxembourg). Commission onEconomic and Financial Questions: Chairman: Prof. K. Krapf (Switzerland). Commis-sion on Administrative and Legal Questions: Chairman: A. Michetti (Italy). Commissionon Social Affairs: Chairman: Prof. M. Bauer (Germany). Propaganda Commission:Chairman: Dr. Mothe (France).

9 FINANCES: Members subscriptions fixed by the Assembly of Delegates.

10 MEETINGS: Governing Committee at least twice a year; Assembly of Delegates atleast once a year.

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11 VOTING: Each country has one vote as a full member. Additional votes are grantedto climatic or thermal resorts belonging to the National Federation.

12 PUBLICATIONS: Le Congres International des Bains 1947 (Report).

14 SHORT HISTORY: An International Congress was held in Czechoslovakia in September1947. The Statutes of the Federation were unanimously approved by the Assemblyof Delegates which took place in September 1948 at Schinznach-les-Bains, Switzerland.

INTERNATIONAL HOMEOPATHIC LEAGUE (IHL)[LIGUE HOMEOFATHIQUE INTERNATIONALE (LHl)]

2 ADDRESS: c/o Dr. Charles Pahud, President, 42, avenue Bethusy, Lausanne, Switzer-land. Telephone: 22 67 90.

3 NATURE: Non-governmental.

4 AIMS: A meeting place for all homeopathic doctors, through International Congresses,every five years, Council Meetings coinciding with National Congresses every year,the continuing activities of a permanent Committee, and the publication of scientificpapers. Membership is limited to persons with recognized medical degrees.

5 GOVERNING BODIES : Council, consisting of the officers of the Executive Committee, plusone Vice-President for each country in which there are members, OFFICERS (termsexpire 1956): President: Dr. Charles Pahud (Switzerland); Secretary: Dr. A. Benjamin(U.K.); Treasurer: Dr. Stoller (Switzerland); Members: Dr. Le Hunte Cooper (U.K.),Dr. Gagliardi (Italy).

6 MEMBERS: More than 300 individual members in: Argentina, Austria, Belgium, Brazil,France, Germany, India, Italy, Mexico, Netherlands, Spain, Switzerland, United King-dom, United States of America.

7 COMMISSIONS: No permanent commission.

8 FACILITIES: Library.

9 FINANCES: Members subscriptions.

10 MEETINGS: An International Congress every five years. A Joint Congress every yearconsisting of a meeting of the Council, each time in a different country, in conjunctionwith a national meeting.

11 VOTING: By ballot only on special request.

12 PUBLICATIONS: Scientific communications are published in the Congress Ada. Thefounding of an International Homeopathic Journal is under discussion.

14 SHORT HISTORY: The IHL was founded in 1925 in Rotterdam. Congresses have beenorganized at Glasgow, London, Paris, Rome, Berlin, Barcelona, Budapest, Lyon,Arnhem and Lucerne. The First International Congress since World War II was heldat Lausanne in 1951. Council Meetings have been held every year since 1946.

INTERNATIONAL HOSPITAL FEDERATION (IHF)[FEDERATION INTERNATIONALE DES H(5PITAUX (FIH)]

2 ADDRESS: 10 Old Jewry, London, E.C.2, U.K. Telephone: MONarch 2394.

3 NATURE: Non-governmental.

4 AIMS : Aims at maintaining an exchange of hospital knowledge and experience betweenhospital associations and other public and private institutions, organizations and

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individuals interested in hospital work. Its Constitution provides for the following:(a) the establishment of an information bureau on all matters connected with hospitalwork and practice; (b) the setting up of international Study and Research Committees,and the publication of reports on their work; (c) the organization of internationalhospital congresses, study tours, and study courses in hospital work; (d) the publicationof an international hospital journal.

5 GOVERNING BODIES : The General Assembly of Members is the governing body of theFederation. Its powers are exercised by the Council of Management, elected by theGeneral Assembly and composed of the President, Vice-Presidents, Secretary, Treasurerand 16 members (elected for four years). The Executive Committee is composed of thePresident, Vice-Presidents, Secretary, Treasurer and five other members of the Councilof Management by whom it is appointed. It is responsible for conducting the affairs ofthe IHF and reporting thereon to the Council, OFFICERS (terms expire 1955): Presidentof IHF and Chairman of Council of Management: Dr. Rene Sand (Belgium); Vice-Presidents: Dr. O. Binswanger (Switzerland), G. Montpied (France), Dr. F. Pulcher(Italy); Honorary Secretary-Treasurer: Capt. J. E. Stone, C.B.E., M.C., F.S.A.A. (U.K.).

6 MEMBERS: Ministries of Health in the following countries are members of the IHF:Belgium, Egypt, Greece, India, Israel, Jamaica, Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, UnitedKingdom. Other members include the national hospital associations of: Australia,Belgium, Denmark, Egypt, France, Germany, India, Ireland, Italy, Netherlands, Norway,Sweden, Switzerland, United Kingdom, United States of America.

7 COMMISSIONS: The following Study and Research Committees were set up in 1951:I. Hospital Planning and Construction: Chairman: Dr. V. M. Hoge (U.S.A.); Secretary:Dr. R. F. Bridgman (France). II. Hospital Administration: Chairman: Sir GeorgeHenderson (U.K.). III. Patient Care: (a) Acute: Secretary: Mrs. B. A. Bennett (U.K.);(b) Chronic: Chairman: Dr. P. Delore (France); Secretary: Miss M. M. Bihet (Belgium)

8 FACILITIES : The IHF has established an Information Bureau to act as a world clearinghouse on all matters connected with hospital work and practice.

9 FINANCES : Contributions from members and subscriptions and donations from publicand private sources of central hospital organization.

10 MEETINGS: General Assembly of Members meets every two years.

11 VOTING: Only full members (national hospital associations and Ministries of Health)are entitled to vote in the General Assembly, each country having six votes. Theorganizations in the countries concerned allocate the votes in their respective countries.

12 FUBIICATIONS : News Bulletin, quarterly (English, French). Eventually an InternationalHospital Journal. Reports on Congresses, alternate years (English, French). Reports onStudy Tours, alternate years (English, French). International Hospitals Directory(English, French).

13 RELATIONS WITH OTHER INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS: Official relations with WHO;consultative status with Ecosoc.

14 SHORT HISTORY: The IHF is the successor to the International Hospital Association,founded in 1931, whose activities were stopped in 1940 by World War II. The IHFwas formally established in Lucerne in 1947 by a Constituent Assembly of represen-tatives of 12 countries. The Secretariat was transferred to London in 1948. From thenuntil 1951 the affairs of the IHF were conducted by a Provisional Executive Com-mittee. In July 1951, the General Assembly met at Brussels, adopted a Constitutionand elected a Council of Management.

The First International Congress of the IHF held in the Netherlands from 29 Mayto 4 June 1949; the Second Congress was held in Belgium from 15 to 21 July 1951,and the Third in London from 25 to 30 May 1953. A Study Tour of hospitals in Swedentook place from 3 to 13 September 1950, and one of hospitals in Italy from 25 Mayto 7 June 1952.

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INTERNATIONAL LEAGUE AGAINST RHEUMATISM[LIGUE INTERNATIONAL: CONTRE LE RHCMATISME]

2 ADDRESS: The Secretariat, The London Hospital, London, E.I, U.K.

3 NATURE: Non-governmental.

4 AIMS: (a) To promote international co-operation between the existing continentaland national leagues for the study, research, control and combat of rheumatic diseases;(b) to encourage and assist in the foundation of leagues in such continents and countrieswhere leagues have not yet been founded; (c) to organize regular international con-gresses on rheumatism, and if feasible to publish the proceedings of these congresses;(d) to act as a connecting link between the continental and national leagues againstrheumatism, and international organizations such as Unesco, WHO, and others.

5 GOVERNING BODIES : The Council of the League consists of 20 members, 10 from theEuropean League and 10 from the Pan American League, elected for a term of fouryears by the General Assembly of the League. Officers of the Executive Committee:President: Prof. Dr. Ejnar Jarlov (Denmark); Vice-Presidents: Dr. L. T. Swaim(U.S.A.), Prof. K. M. Walthard (Switzerland), Dr. Mathieu-Pierre Weil (France);President-Elect: Dr. Robert Stecher (U.S.A.); Assistant to the President: Ove deBornemann (Denmark); Secretary-Treasurer: Dr. W. S. Tegner (U.K.).

6 MEMBERS: The membership of the League comprises the national leagues of variousnations. With the exception of three honorary members, individual members are notmembers of the League. Individuals are members of their national leagues.

8 FACILITIES: The League is developing a Central Information Bureau for all questionson rheumatism.

9 FINANCES: Individuals pay subscriptions to their national leagues and the nationalleagues pay their dues to the European and Pan American Leagues which in turn paytheir dues to the International League.

10 MEETINGS: The Executive Committee meets in Europe or America when necessary.The Council meets every four years. The International League holds a congress everyfour years when the General Assembly meets.

11 VOTING: The members of the national leagues vote in the General Assembly.

12 PUBLICATIONS: The League supports the Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases, publishedin England and the Revue du Rhumatisme (Ada Rheumatologica), published in France.

14 SHORT HISTORY: The League was founded by the International Society of MedicalHydrology in 1930.

16 COMMENTS: The next International Congress of the League will be held at Genevafrom 23 to 28 August 1953.

THE INTERNATIONAL LEPROSY ASSOCIATION[SOCIETE INTERNATIONALE DE LA LEPRE]

2 ADDRESS: 167, Victoria Street, London, S.W.I, U.K. Telephone: Victoria 5740.

3 NATURE: Non-governmental.

4 AIMS: To encourage and facilitate mutual acquaintance and collaboration betweenpersons of all nationalities concerned in leprosy work, and the co-ordination of theirefforts; to facilitate the dissemination of knowledge of leprosy and its control; to aidin any practicable manner the anti-leprosy campaign throughout the world and to

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this end to publish a scientific journal of leprosy; to co-operate with any other institu-tion or organization dealing with leprosy work.

5 GOVERNING BODIES: The General Council composed of the President, two Vice-Presidents(the Chairman of the Western Section, the Chairman of the Eastern Section), theGeneral Secretary-Treasurer, the Editor, the Vice-Chairmen and Secretary-Treasurerof the Sections, ex officio, and 10 elective members, five from each Section, The termof office is five years. (For particular purposes the general body is divided into regionalsections. There are two such sections: The Western Section comprises the memberslocated in Europe, Africa and the Americas; the Eastern Section those located inAsia and Oceania. Each body has an appropriate complement of officers.) OFFICERS :President: Dr. H. W. Wade (U.S.A.); Vice-Presidents: Dr. H. C. de Souza-Araujo(Brazil), Dr. Dharmendra (India); Secretary-Treasurer of the Western Section: Dr. R.Chaussinand (France); Secretary-Treasurer of the Eastern Section: Dr. R. G. Cochrane(India); General Secretary-Treasurer: Dr. E. Muir (U.K.).

6 MEMBERS: Membership is individual and divided into two categories, regular andassociate. Regular membership is limited to persons with recognized medical degrees,and those with other scientific qualifications who are actively connected with leprosywork. Associate membership is open to all other persons who are connected with anyphase of leprosy work or who are especially interested therein. Membership in theWestern Section: Argentina, Brazil, Belgium, Cuba, Egypt, France, Mexico, Nigeria,Spain, Union of South Africa, United Kingdom, United States of America, Venezuela.Membership of the Eastern Section: China, Japan, Fiji, India, Philippines.

9 FINANCES: Expenses other than those of meetings are met from membership dues,subscriptions to and sales of the publications, and by donations and subsidies; alsocontributions by the Leonard Wood Memorial, New York. Funds to meet expensesof meetings are raised specially through donations, by or with the approval of theGeneral Council for general Congresses, and the Section Council for Section meetings.

10 MEETINGS: Congresses every five years. The General Council meets immediately beforethe opening of a general congress.

11 VOTING: Only regular members are eligible to vote.

12 PUBLICATIONS: The International Journal of Leprosy, quarterly (English, French,Spanish). Editor: Dr. H. W. Wade. Editorial Office: 1430 Tulane Avenue, New Orleans,Louisiana, U.S.A.

13 RELATIONS WITH OTHER INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS: Official relationship withWHO; the Association is a founder member of CIOMS.

14 SHORT HISTORY: A Congress was held in Cairo in 1938. The Congress scheduled for 1943was postponed on account of the war, and was held in 1948 in Havana.

16 COMMENTS: The next Congress will be held in Madrid from 3 to 10 October 1953.

INTERNATIONAL MEDICO-ATHLETIC FEDERATION(FIMS)

[FEDERATION INTERNATIONALE MEDECINE SPORTIVE (FIMS)]

2 ADDRESS: Secretary-General: Prof. Giuseppe La Cava, Foro Italico, Rome, Italy.

3 NATURE: Non-governmental.

4 AIMS: To contribute toward the progress of medical sciences by the study of medico-athletic problems; to take all necessary steps for ensuring that its conclusions areapplied in all athletic and gymnastic activities.

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5 GOVERNING BODIES: The Federation comprises a General Assembly and an ExecutiveCommittee. The General Assembly consists of (a) National delegates, each nationalassociation appointing one delegate; (b) guest members, one of whom is chosen foreach country by the Executive Committee; (c) members of the Executive Committeewho are not national representatives. The Executive Committee is elected for a termof four years, OFFICERS: Honorary Chairman: Prof. Chailley-Bert (France); Chairman:Prof. Albert Govaerts (Belgium); Vice-Chairmen: Prof. Louis Merklen (France),Prof. Jiri Krai (Czechoslovakia); Secretary-General: Prof. Giuseppe La Cava (Italy).

6 MEMBERS: National association members in the following countries: Argentina,Austria, Belgium, Brazil, Czechoslovakia, Finland, France, Germany, Iran, Italy,Japan, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Rumania, Spain, Sweden, Switzer-land, Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, United Kingdom, Venezuela, Yugoslavia.

9 FINANCES: Members subscriptions. The Congresses are partly financed by the hostgovernments.

10 MEETINGS: The Executive Committee meets every year; the Congress and GeneralAssembly once every two years.

11 VOTING: By secret ballot.

12 PUBLICATIONS: Studi di Medicina e Chirurgia dello Sport, monthly, official Bulletinof the FIMS.

13 RELATIONS WITH OTHER INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS: Founder member of CIOMS.

14 SHORT HISTORY: Established at Saint-Moritz, Switzerland, in 1928. Congresses havebeen held at Amsterdam, 1928; Turin, 1933; Chamonix, 1934; Berlin, 1936; Paris, 1937;Brussels, 1939. Since the re-organization of the Federation and the establishment ofnew rules, Congresses have been held at Prague, 1948; Montecatini, Italy, 1950;and Paris, 1952.

16 COMMENTS: The next International Congress will be held in Belgrade in 1954.

INTERNATIONALNEUROLOGICAL CONGRESS

[Ve CONGRES NEUROLOGIQUE INTERNATIONAL]

2 ADDRESS: c/o Prof. Almeida Lima, Secretary-General, Hospital Julio de Matos, 53,avenida do Brasil, Lisbon, Portugal.

3 NATURE: Non-governmental.

4 AIMS: Development of scientific, clinical, anatomical and therapeutical research onneurology, neurosurgery and neuropsychiatry.

5 GOVERNING BODIES: Programme Executive Committee composed by the followingdelegates: Dr. L. van Bogaert, Dr. Radermecker (Belgium); Dr. Austregesilo (Brazil);Dr. A. Asenjo (Chile); Dr. Knud Krabbe, Dr. Knud Winther (Denmark); Dr. LopezIbor, Dr. B. Rodriguez Arias, Dr. A. Subirana (Spain); Dr. H. Riley, Dr. H. Merritt,Dr. F. Grant (U.S.A.); Dr. Th. Alajouanine, Dr. D. Petit-Dutafflis, Dr. R. Garcin(France); Dr. F. Walshe, Dr. M. Critchley, Dr. M. Jackson (U.K.); Dr. A. Biemond,Dr. G. Sillevis Smitt, Dr. H. Verbiest (Netherlands); Dr. L. De Lisi (Italy); Dr. G.Monrad-Krohn, Dr. K. Kristiansen (Norway); Dr. L. Leksell (Sweden); Dr. F. Luthy,Dr. G.Weber (Switzerland); Dr. Sukrii Aksel (Turkey); Dr. A. Flores, Dr. Correiade Oliveira, Dr. Almeida Lima, Dr. J. Imaginario (Portugal), OFFICERS : HonoraryPresidents: Sir Charles Sherrington (U.K.), Sir Gordon Holmes (U.K.)i Prof. G.Guillain (France), Dr. Andre-Thomas (France), Prof. Th. Alajouanine (France),

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Prof. Egas Moniz (Portugal); President of the 1953 Congress: Prof. Antonio Flores(Portugal); Vice-President: Prof. Correia de Oliveira (Portugal); Secretary-General:Prof. Almeida Lima (Portugal); Treasurer: Dr. Gama Imaginario (Portugal); AssistantTreasurer: Dr. V. Ramos (Portugal). The Local Secretary, the Assistant Secretary,the Editor-in-Chief of the Reports, the Assistant Editors responsible for the editingof the songress Reports, will be chosen later by the Portuguese Committee. Termsof office run from one Congress to the following.

6 MEMBERS: Active: Any neurologist, neurosurgeon or psychiatrist belonging to a societyor association of neurology and having the assent of the respective National Committee.Associate: Medical practitioners and any other persons interested in neurology, neuro-surgery or psychiatry. Affiliated: Any non-professional person, man or woman, inter-ested in the Congress.

7 COMMISSIONS: Each country has a National Committee responsible for centralizingall work connected with the Congress; it sends national delegates to the meeting of theProgramme Executive Committee, whose task is to prepare a list of subjects fordiscussion.

8 FACILITIES: Laboratories, hospitals, research centres and libraries in the variouscountries.

9 FINANCES: Two years' subscription to be paid by National Societies of Neurology atthe rate of U.S.$ 1 or its equivalent for each member a year; fee to be paid by eachActive member of the Congress: U.S.$15 or its equivalent; fee for each Associatemember of the Congress: U.S.f 10 or its equivalent; fee for each Affiliated member ofthe Congress: U.S.$5 or its equivalent.

10 MEETINGS: The Programme Executive Committee meets two years before the nextCongress, in the city in which it is to be held.

11 VOTING: Each country has one vote.

12 PUBLICATIONS: Proceedings of the Congress (English, French).

13 RELATIONS WITH OTHER INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS: The Congress is a foundermember of CIOMS.

14 SHORT HISTORY: The First Congress was held in Berne in 1931; the Second in Londonin 1935; the Third in Copenhagen in 1939; the Fourth in Paris in September 1949.

16 COMMENTS: The Fifth Congress will be held at Lisbon from 7 to 12 September 1953.

INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONAGAINST TRACHOMA (10AT)

[ORGANISATION INTERNATIONALE CONTRE LE TRACHOME]

2 ADDRESS : Faculty of Ophthalmologists, 45, Lincoln's Inn Fields, London. W.C.2, U.K.Telephone: HOLborn 3474.

3 NATURE: Non-governmental.

4 AIMS: The study of Trachoma from the clinical, pathological, epidemiological, thera-peutic points of view.

5 GOVERNING BODIES: Council, consisting of representatives of all countries in whichthere are members, OFFICERS (terms expire 1954): President: Dr. A. F. MacCallan(U.K.); Secretary-General: Prof. A. W. Mulock Honwer (Netherlands).

6 MEMBERS : All duly authorized members of the International Council of Ophthalmology.

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8 FACILITIES: Research Centre: Memorial Ophthalmic Laboratory, Giza, Egypt; Libra-ries: Royal College of Surgeons, London; Royal Society of Medicine, London; Ophthal-mic Institute, Judd Street, London, W.C.I.

9 FINANCES: Members subscriptions: annually 40/-; and donations from ophthalmologicalsocieties.

10 MEETINGS : International Congress of Ophthalmology every four years. Annual meetingin Paris of la Ligue contre le Trachome.

11 VOTING: By members of the Council.

12 PUBLICATIONS: La Revue Internationale du Trachome, La Ligue contre le Trachome,94, rue Sylvabelle, Marseille. Editor: Dr. Jean Sedan.

13 RELATIONS WITH OTHER INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS: 10AT is an integral part ofthe International Council of Ophthalmology.

14 SHORT HISTORY: The 10AF was established by decision of the XHIth ConciliumOphthalmologicum at Amsterdam in 1929. Official meetings have been held at Madrid,1933; Cairo, 1937; London, 1950, in conjunction with International Congresses ofOphthalmology. Other meetings have been held in London and Paris.

INTERNATIONAL PAEDIATRIC ASSOCIATION[ASSOCIATION INTERNATIONALE DE PEDIATRIE]

INTERNATIONALE PADIATER-GESELLSCHAFT

2 ADDRESS : Kinderspital, Steinwiesstrasse 75, Zurich 32, Switzerland. Telephone: 32 7110.

3 NATURE: Non-governmental.

4 AIMS: To promote closer relationship between the paediatricians of all countries byholding an international congress every three years; to promote the disseminationof paediatric knowlege; to co-operate with other agencies concerned with the impro-vement of child care, paediatric education or research in any part of the world.

5 GOVERNING BODIES: OFFICERS: Members of Executive Board 1950-53: Prof. R. Debre(France), Prof. G. Fanconi (Switzerland, Secretary-General), Prof. F. Gomez (Mexico),Prof. H. F. Helmholz (U.S.A.), Prof. E. L. Holt (U.S.A.), Prof. F. Hurtado (Cuba),Prof. M. S. Maslov (U.S.S.R.), Prof. A. Moncrieff (U.K.), Prof. A. Wallgren (Sweden).Treasurer: Dr. W. Zollinger (Switzerland).

6 MEMBERS: The following organizations are members: Sociedad Cubana de Pediatria,Societe de Pediatrie Hellenique, Indian Paediatric Society, Svenska Ldkaresdllskapets,sektion for pediatrik och skolhygien, Societe de Pediatrie de Paris, British PaediatricAssociation, Nederlandsche Vereeniging voor Kindergeneeskunde, Societd Italiana diPediatria, Sociedade Portuguesa de Pediatria, Sociedad Nicaraguense de Pediatria,Wiener Gesellschaft fur Kinderheilkunde, Japanese Paediatric Association, Schweiz.Gesellschaftfiir Pddiatrie, Canadian Society for the Study of Diseases of Children, Philip-pine Paediatric Society, Norwegian Paediatric Association, Societe Beige de Pediatrie,Societe de Pediatrie de Quebec, Finnish Paediatric Association, Sociedad Uruguaya dePediatria, Deutsche Gesellschaft fur Kinderheilkunde, Societe de Pediatrie d'Istanbul,The Israel Paediatric Society, Sociedad Brasileira de Pediatria, Asociacion de PediatrasEspanoles, Sociedad Costarricense de Pediatria.

9 FINANCES: Members' subscriptions.

10 MEETINGS: Congresses and meetings of the Association every three years.

11 VOTING: Each National Section has one vote. In the case of a country having morethan one Member Association only one vote is accorded that country.

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12 PUBLICATIONS : Transactions of the Congresses.

13 RELATIONS WITH OTHER INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS: Founder member of CIOMS.

14 SHORT HISTORY: The First Congress was held in Paris in 1912. The Sixth Congress washeld in Zurich from 24 to 28 July 1950. Its President was Prof. G. Fanconi, Univer-sitats-Kinderklinik, Kinderspital, Zurich 32, Switzerland. The draft of the presentConstitution was adopted at Zurich during the Sixth Congress.

15 BIBLIOGRAPHY: Transactions of the Sixth International Congress of Paediatrics, Zurich1950.

INTERNATIONAL PHARMACEUTICAL FEDERATION[FEDERATION INTERNATIONALE PHARMACEUTIQUE (FIP)]

2 ADDRESS: Secretary-General: Dr. J. W. Birza, Bilderdijkstraat 196, Amsterdam W,Netherlands. Telephone: 83083. Treasurer: Dr. T. Potjewijd, Boschplein 9 c, Win-schoten, Netherlands.

3 NATURE: Non-governmental.

4 AIMS: TO develop pharmacy through international channels, as a profession and anapplied science.

5 GOVERNING BODIES: Central Committee; Council; Bureau composed of a President,six Vice-Presidents, a Secretary-General and a Secretary, OFFICERS: President: Dr. E.Host Madsen (Denmark, 1953); Vice-Presidents: H. N. Linstead (U.K., 1953), Prof.Dr. D. van Os (Netherlands, 1955), Prof. Dr. R. Fabre (France, 1953), R. Boitias(France, 1955), Dr. H. Spillmann (Switzerland, 1955), Dr. U. Gallo (Italy, 1955);Secretary-General: Dr. J. W. Birza (Netherlands, 1953); Secretary: W. Moyens(Belgium,1955); Treasurer: Dr. T. Potjewijd (Netherlands).

6 MEMBERS: Honorary member 1, ordinary members 37, associate members 210, membersof the scientific section 140.

7 COMMISSIONS: Commission Internationale des Specialites: Chairman: Prof. Dr. H.Baggesgaard Rasmussen (Denmark). Commission d'£tude des Vitamines. Commissionde la Pharmacie Veterinaire: Chairman: E. Abravanel (Switzerland).

8 FACILITIES: Library at The Hague.

9 FINANCES: Annual membership dues.

12 PUBLICATIONS: Bulletin de la Federation Internationale Pharmaceutique.

13 RELATIONS WITH OTHER INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS: Liaison relations with theUN and WHO.

14 SHORT HISTORY: The FIP historically has grown from the international pharmaceuticalcongresses, held before 1912 on the initiative of various countries. Since the establish-ment of the Federation pharmacists of all countries have been able to meet regularlyin general assemblies, where they discuss their professional problems. Scientific con-ferences are held in connexion with these general assemblies which continue thetradition of the former international congresses. International meetings have beenheld as follows: The Hague 1912, Ghent 1913, Brussels 1922, London 1923, Lausanne1925, The Hague 1927, Paris 1928, Stockholm 1930, Brussels 1935, Copenhagen 1937,Zurich 1947, Amsterdam 1949, Rome 1951.

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INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC COMMITTEEFOR TRYPANOSOMIASIS RESEARCH (ISCTR)

[COMITE SCIENTIFIQUE INTERNATIONAL DE RECHERCHES SUR LA TRYPANOSOMIASE]

2 ADDRESS: Colonial Office, Church House, Great Smith Street, London, S.W.l, U.K.Telephone: ABBey 1266. Cable address: CHAPELRIES LONDON.

3 NATURE: Semi-governmental.

4 AIMS: Interchange of views on trypanosomiasis research.

5 OFFICERS (terms expire end 1954): Chairman: Prof. Fernando Simoes da Cruz Ferreira(Portugal); Vice-Chairman and Chairman-Elect: Dr. R. A. Alexander (Union of SouthAfrica); Secretary: W. S. Bates (U.K.).

6 MEMBERS: Belgium, France, Portugal, Southern Rhodesia, Union of South Africa,United Kingdom. Each of these countries sends two delegates to each meeting andmay send up to two more representatives as advisers, who may be co-opted to theCommittee. The Sudan sends one delegate.

9 FINANCES : Secretariat and costs of circulating papers paid by British Colonial Office.Costs of Conferences paid by countries in which they are held.

10 MEETINGS: Meetings, in principle, once a year.

12 PUBLICATIONS: Papers issued by the Committee are published by the PermanentInter-African Bureau for Tsetse and Trypanosomiasis, Leopoldville, Belgian Congo.

13 RELATIONS WITH OTHER INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS: W H O is inv i ted t o Sendobservers to all meetings.

14 SHORT HISTORY : The Committee was set up by resolution of the International Trypano-somiasis Conference at Brazzaville, February 1948. The last meeting was held inLourenc.0 Marques, Mozambique, in September 1952.

15 BIBLIOGRAPHY: Recommendations of the Brazzaville Conference 1948, obtainable fromthe Ministere de la France d'Outre-Mer, Rue Oudinot, Paris-7e, France.

16 COMMENTS: The next meeting will be held in the Union of South Africa towards theend of 1954.

INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY OF BLOOD TRANSFUSION[SOCIE.TE INTERNATIONALE DE TRANSFUSION SANGUINE]

2 ADDRESS: 53, boulevard Diderot, Paris-12e, France. Telephone: DORian 47-28.

3 NATURE: Non-governmental.

4 AIMS : To contribute by all available means to the solution of scientific and practicalproblems relating to blood transfusion, in particular, by establishing closer relationsbetween the persons dealing with such problems in every country, by organizinginternational congresses and by studying and endeavouring to establish, publicize andencourage the standardization of equipment and techniques.

5 GOVERNING BODIES: The sovereign body of the Society is the General Assembly ofmembers which meets at the end of each ordinary International Congress, and whichelects the members of the Bureau. Terms run from one Congress to the next and officersare eligible for re-election, OFFICERS: President: Dr. Arnault Tzanck (France); Vice-Presidents: Dr. L. K. Diamond (U.S.A.), Dr. W. d'A. Maycock (U.K.), Dr. R. Fischer

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(Switzerland), Dr. J. J. Van Loghem (Netherlands); Secretary-General: Dr. A. Lessa(Portugal); Assistant Secretary-General: Dr. J. Julliard (France); Treasurer: Dr. A.Lundberg (Sweden); Assistant Treasurer: Dr. Morganti (Italy); Archivist: M. J. Thi-baut de Maisieres (Belgium); Permanent Delegate from the League of Red Cross Societies:Dr. Alsted.

6 MEMBERS: Individual or collective. The Society also hat honorary and correspondingMembers. Countries represented: Argentina, Australia, Belgium, Brazil, Cuba, Den-mark, Egypt, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Indonesia, Ireland, Israel, Italy,Mexico, Monaco, Morocco, Netherlands, Norway, Peru, Poland, Portugal, Spain,Sweden, Switzerland, Union of South Africa, United Kingdom, United States of America,Yugoslavia.

9 FINANCES: Annual subscriptions from members of the Society, plus gifts, legacies,subsidies and grants. The expenses of the Congress are defrayed by the inviting country.

10 MEETINGS: International Congresses are generally held every two years. The GeneralAssembly meets at the close of each Congress, decides the date and place of the nextCongress and elects the new Bureau.

11 VOTING: By individual ballot.

12 PUBLICATIONS : Proceedings of the Congress (English, French).

13 RELATIONS WITH OTHER INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS: The Society' is a foundermember of CIOMS. From 1954 onwards it will hold its Congresses at the same place anddate as the International Society of Haematology.

14 SHORT HISTORY: The First Congress was held in Rome in 1935; the Second Congress inParis in 1937; the Third Congress at Turin in 1948; and the Fourth Congress in Lisbonin 1951.

16 COMMENTS : The next Congress will be held in Paris in 1954.

INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY OF CARDIOLOGY (ISC)[SOCIETE INTERNATIONALE DE CARDIOLOGIE (SIC)]

2 ADDRESS : General Secretariat, c/o Dr. Duchosal, 24, boulevard des Philosophes, Geneva,Switzerland. Telephone: 53475. Cable address: DUCHOSAL 24 PHILOSOPHES GENEVA.

3 NATURE: Non-governmental.

4 AIMS : The Society which interests itself in all branches of cardiovascular physiologyand disease has mainly for its object: (a) to stimulate the development of cardiologyin all of its various aspects: application, instruction, and research, prevention of cardio-vascular affections, help to cardiologists, and help to cardiac patients; (b) to improvescientific exchange as well as technical and material co-operation between the affiliatedsocieties of cardiology; (c) to contribute to the scientific development of its membersand to the maintenance of ethical standards in the exercise of the speciality; (d) toorganize or support courses, conferences, publications, and other actions deemed ne-cessary in the realization of the aims noted above; (e) with the same objectives toproceed with the organization of world congresses of cardiology every four years.

5 GOVERNING BODIES: The General Assembly and the International Council of Cardiology.OFFICERS (1950-54): Chairman: Prof. Charles Laubry (France); Vice-Presidents:Dr. Paul D. White (U.S.A.), Prof. Ignacio Chavez (Mexico); Secretary-General: Dr.Pierre W. Duchosal (Switzerland); Deputy Secretary-General: Prof. Pedro Cossio(Argentina); Treasurer: Prof. Gustav Nylin (Sweden); Deputy-Treasurer: Dr. LouisN. Katz (U.S.A.); Members: Dr. D. Evan Bedford (U.K.), Dr. John Hepburn (Canada),

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Prof. Vittorio Puddu (Italy), Dr. Hernan Alessandri (Chile), Dr. Magalhaes Gomes(Brazil), Prof. Pierre Rylant (Belgium), Prof. E. Wollheim (Germany).

6 MEMBERS: The Cardiological Societies of the following countries and territories aremembers: Argentina, Belgium, Brazil, Canada, Chile, Colombia, Cuba, Czechoslovakia,Denmark, Egypt, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Mexico, Nether-lands, Peru, Poland, Portugal, Puerto Rico, Rumania, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,Turkey, United Kingdom, United States of America, Uruguay, Yugoslavia. The EuropeanSociety of Cardiology and the Inter-American Society of Cardiology are also members.

7 COMMISSIONS: Finance Committee: Chairman: Prof. Gustav Nylin (Sweden). EditorialCommittee: Dr. Pierre W. Duchosal (Switzerland). Meetings Committee: Prof. IgnacioChavez (Mexico). Research Committee: Dr. Paul D. White (U.S.A.) Membership Com-mittee: Dr. Pedro Cossio (Argentina). Committee on Affiliations: Prof. Charles Laubry(France). Social Committee: Dr. Francois Van Dooren (Belgium).

9 FINANCES: Subscriptions and gifts.

10 MEETINGS: General Assembly and a scientific Congress every four years.

12 PUBLICATIONS: Ier Congres Mondial de Cardiologie, Paris 1950. Tomes I, II et III,J. B. Baillieres, editeur, Paris.

13 RELATIONS WITH OTHER INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS: Member of CIOMS.

14 SHORT HISTORY: The Society was created at the Second Inter-American Congress ofCardiology held at Mexico in 1946.

15 BIBLIOGRAPHY: Memoires du lie Congres Interamerica in de Cardiologie a Mexico,e'dite par l'lnstituto Nacional de Cardiologia de Mexico, 1946.

INTERNATIONAL SOCIETYOF CLINICAL PATHOLOGY (ISCP)

INTERNATIONALE DE BIOLOGIE CLINIQUE (SIBC)]

2 ADDRESS: Honorary Secretary: Dr. J. Ungar, Glaxo Laboratories Ltd., Greenford,Middx., U.K. Telephone: BYRon 3434. Cable address: GLAXOTHA NORPHONE LONDON.President: Dr. S. C. Dyke, The Royal Hospital, Wolverhampton, U.K. HonoraryTreasurer: Dr. W. H. McMenemey, Maida Vale Hospital for Nervous Diseases, London,W.9, U.K.

3 NATURE: Non-governmental.

4 AIMS: TO initiate permanent co-operation between the national societies of ClinicalPathology of the member countries or groups of countries; to co-ordinate their scientificand technical means of action; to promote the development of Clinical Pathology inevery aspect of its field of interest, especially by convening conferences, congresses andmeetings, by the interchange cf publications and also of personnel.

5 GOVERNING BODIES : The Council is the main governing body of the Society and is com-posed of delegates of member societies. The Executive Bureau of the Society is composedof the President, four Vice-Presidents, a Secretary-General, an Assistant Secretary,a Treasurer, and the immediate Past President. The Bureau is elected by the Council.OFFICERS: President: Dr. S. C. Dyke (U.K.); Vice-Presidents: Prof. Osborne A. Brines(U.S.A.), Dr. Lucy M. Bryce (Australia), Prof. R. Kourilsky (France), Dr. D. A.Utrilla Dominguez (Spain); Joint Secretaries: Dr. J. Ungar (U.K.), Dr. A. Durupt(France); Treasurer: Dr. W. H. McMenemey (U.K.).

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6 MEMBERS: Through national bodies devoted to Clinical Pathology in: Australia,Belgium, Canada, Cuba, France, Italy, Mexico, Spain, Turkey, United Kingdom,United States of America, Venezuela.

9 FINANCES: Subscriptions from the member societies.

10 MEETINGS: Scientific meetings of the constituent national bodies are open to all mem-bers of the International Society, whenever or wherever held. Council meetings areheld at least once every two years; Bureau meetings about twice yearly. InternationalCongresses of Clinical Pathology are held every three years.

11 VOTING: Voting by the individual delegates.

12 PUBLICATIONS : Les Annales de Biologie Clinique is sent to all members of the FrenchSection, and to other members on request. Many of the other national societies alsopublish their own journals.

13 RELATIONS WITH OTHER INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS: The Society is a member ofCIOMS.

14 SHORT HISTORY: The Society was founded during the First International Congressheld by the French and British societies and in consultation with representatives ofmany nations.

16 COMMENTS: The next International Congress of Clinical Pathology will take place inWashington, D.C., in September 1954.

INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY OF CRIMINOLOGY[SOCIETY INTERNATIONALE DE CRIMINOLOGIE (Sic)]

2 ADDRESS: 28, avenue de Friedland, Paris-8e, France. Telephone: ANJou 28-30 Ext.F.32;F.5O.

3 NATURE: Non-governmental.

4 AIMS : To promote the development of all branches of science relating to criminology.The Society's means of action are: (a) scientific contacts between all countries through:congresses, conferences and publications, the exchange of teachers and pupils, fellow-ships and awards; (b) the establishment of an Institute to serve as an InternationalResearch and Documentation Centre; its work will include the establishment oflaboratories and training schools, lectures by scientists from different countries, theorganization of a library on criminology, and publications.

5 GOVERNING BODIES: The Society is administered by a Governing Council and an Exe-cutive Committee. The Governing Council consists of 24 members elected by the GeneralAssembly for a period of six years. The Executive Committee comprises the Chairman,four Vice-Chairmen, a Secretary-General, two Assistent Secretaries-General and theTreasurer, all elected by the Governing Council. Delegates of national groups, attachedto the Governing Council in an advisory capacity, attend all meetings. The GeneralAssembly consists of titular and honorary members. OFFICERS (terms expire 1954):President: Denis Carroll (U.K.); Vice-Presidents: Sheldon Glueck (U.S.A.), RolandGrassberger (Austria), Jean Graven (Switzerland), Alfredo Molinario (Argentina);Secretary-General: Jean Pinatel (France); Deputy Secretaries-General: Carlo Erra(Italy), Van Bemmelen (Netherlands); Treasurer: V. V. Stanciu (Rumania).

6 MEMBERS: Individual and collective (societies, associations and organizations) andbenefactors. New members must be sponsored by a member of the Society and approvedby its Governing Council; they pay an entrance fee. National groups in each countrymay delegate one of their members to the Governing Council. The Society has membersin the following countries: Argentina, Austria, Belgium, Bolivia, Brazil, Burma (Union

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of), Canada, Chile, Colombia, Cuba, Denmark, Egypt, France, Germany, Greece, India,Iran, Iraq, Italy, Lebanon, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzer-land, Turkey, Union of South Africa, United Kingdom, United States of America,Uruguay, Venezuela.

7 COMMISSIONS : A Scientific Commission was nominated in September 1950. It comprises15 members representing the various branches of criminology, chosen to ensure theinternational character of the Commission. Its main tasks are to deal with (a) Docu-mentation, (b) Scientific Research, (c) Teaching, (d) Bibliography of the InternationalBibliographical Service, (e) Statistical Information, (f) Dictionary of ComparativeCriminological Terminology.

9 FINANCES: The funds of the Society are derived from members' fees and subscriptions,grants and proceeds, from its property or other assets. Minimum subscription for in-dividual members: 1,500 Fr.frs. a year; for organizations: 5,000 Fr.frs. Students andstudents' associations pay only half of this fee. The minimum subscription for bene-factors is 20,000 Fr.frs. a year.

10 MEETINGS: The Governing Council meets when convened by the Secretary-General orone of his Assistants. The necessary quorum is one-third of the Council's members.Those unable to attend may be specially represented by another member of the Council.The General Assembly meets at the invitation of the Governing Council or at the requestof one-quarter of the Association's members.

11 VOTING: All decisions are taken by a majority of members present.

12 PUBLICATIONS: Bulletin, twice yearly. Proceedings of the First International Congress ofCriminology, 2 vols., 1953. An International Review of Criminology is under consider-ation. The Society publishes all Lectures given under its auspices.

13 RELATIONS WITH OTHER INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS: Consultative Status withEcosoc; consultative arrangements with Unesco, and founder member of CIOMS.

14 SHORT HISTORY: At a meeting held in Paris at the Ministry of Justice, in December1934, attended by the French Minister of Justice and delegates of specialized societiesand institutions from Argentina, Belgium, Germany, Italy and the United Kingdom,it was decided to constitute an International Federation of Societies of CriminologicalSciences. Prof, di Tullio of Rome, a pioneer in this field, was nominated Secretary-General of the organization. At the same meeting it was decided to convene in Rome aFirst International Congress of Criminology; a further international meeting held inBrussels in April 1935 decided the date and programme of this First Congress, whichtook place at Rome in October 1938 under the chairmanship of M. d'Amelio, FirstPresident of the Italian Appeals Court.

The First Pan American Conference of Criminology was held at Rio de Janeiro andSao Paulo in July 1947. The International Society of Criminology was represented byProf. B. di Tullio (Italy) and V. V. Stanciu (Rumania). Three decisions were takenunanimously: (1) the meeting in Paris, in 1950, of the Second International Congressof Criminology; (2) the constitution of a federation consisting of all societies and in-stitutes of criminology; (3) the creation of an International Institute of Criminology.At the Preparatory International meeting to the Congress held in Paris in January 1949the statutes of the Society were unanimously adopted. The headquarters was trans-ferred from Rome to Paris. The Second International Congress of Criminology was heldin Paris, in September 1950 under the chairmanship of Prof. Donnedieu de Vabres(France). The first international course of criminology was given from 15 September to24 October 1952 and was attended by 30 students coming from 20 different countries.

16 COMMENTS: The International Course of Criminology is one of the first realizationsleading to the creation of the International Institute of Criminology. It will be giveneach year at the same period, in other towns such as Rome, London and Stockholm.The Third International Congress of Criminology will be held at Buenos Aires in 1954.

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INTERNATIONALSOCIETY OF GASTRO-ENTEROLOGY

[SOCIETE INTERNATIONALE DE GASTRO-ENTEROLOGD2 (SIGE)]

2 ADDRESS: 64, rue de la Concorde, Brussels, Belgium. Telephone: 1162 08.

3 NATURE: Non-governmental.

4 AIMS : Organization of World Congresses of Gastro-Enterology.

5 OFFICERS: President: Prof. Dr. Fr. Gallart-Mones (Spain); Vice-President: Dr. AnthonyBassler (U.S.A.); Secretary-General: Dr. Georges Brohee (Belgium); Treasurer: Dr.Fernand Evely (Belgium).

6 MEMBERS: National Committees of Gastro-Enterology.

9 FINANCES: Congress dues and gifts.

10 MEETINGS : By decision of the Delegates of the National Committees after proposal ofthe Bureau.

11 VOTING: By country at the Administrative General Assembly during the Congresses.

12 PUBLICATIONS: Congress Proceedings.

14 SHORT HISTORY: Constituted in Brussels on 10 August 1935 during the World Congressorganized by the Belgian Society of Gastro-Enterology. The Second Congress was heldin Paris in 1937; the Third Congress planned to take place in London 1940 could notbe held; the Fourth World Congress is in preparation.

INTERNATIONAL SOCIETYOF GEOGRAPHICAL PATHOLOGY

[SOCIETE INTERNATIONALE DE PATHOLOGIE GEOGRAPHIQUE]

INTERNATIONALE GESELLSCHAFT FOR GEOGRAPHISCHE PATHOLOGIE

2 ADDRESS: C/O Prof. Dr. Fred. C. Roulet, Secretary-General, Hebelstrasse 24, Basle,Switzerland. Telephone: 21038.

3 NATURE: Non-governmental.

4 AIMS : Study of the relations which might exist between diseases and the geographicalareas where they occur.

5 GOVERNING BODIES: Executive Committee, OFFICERS (1952-55): President: Prof. R. A.Moore (U.S.A.); Members: Prof. F. Henschen (Sweden), Prof. J. Firket (Belgium),Prof. J. Delarue (France), Prof. F. Buchner (Germany), Prof. R. Jaffe (Venezuela),Prof. J. H. Dible (U.K.), Dr. O. Gsell (Switzerland); Secretary-General: Prof. Fred.C. Roulet (Switzerland, permanent).

6 MEMBERS: National Committees in the following countries and territories: Argentina,Austria, Belgium, Brazil, Canada, Chile, Denmark, Dutch West Indies, Finland, France,Germany, Hungary, Italy, Japan, Netherlands, Norway, Paraguay, Portugal, Spain,Sweden, Switzerland, Union of South Africa, United Kingdom, United States of America,Venezuela.

9 FINANCES: Conference dues.

10 MEETINGS: Every three years.

11 VOTING: By countries and by individual ballot depending on the circumstances.

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12 PUBLICATIONS: Proceedings of the First Conference on Geographical Pathology, Geneva,Kiindig, 1931. Proceedings of the Second Conference on Geographical Pathology, Utrecht,A. Oostboeck S. A. Proceedings of the Third Conference on Geographical Pathology, Stock-holm, Mercators, Helsinki, 1937.

13 RELATIONS WITH OTHER INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS: The Society is a member ofCIOMS.

14 SHORT HISTORY: Founded in 1931, under the sponsorship of Prof. M. Askanazy, atGeneva, during the First Conference on Geographical Pathology of Cirrhosis of theLiver. The Second Conference was held at Utrecht 1934, on Arteriosclerosis. The ThirdConference was held at Stockholm in 1937 on Anaemia. In 1948-49 there was an attemptto reorganize by Prof. F. Henschen and Prof. L. Michaud, and in 1949 by Prof. Fred.C. Roulet. A Provisional Executive Committee existed until July 1952 when the FourthConference was held at Liege, Belgium, on Hepatitis. At this meeting the Society wasreorganized and new Statutes were adopted.

16 COMMENTS : The next Conference will be held in Washington, D.C., towards the endof 1954. The theme for the discussions will be the Geographical Pathology of Cancer.

INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY OF HAEMATOLOGY[SOCIETE INTERNATIONALE D'HEMATOLOGIE]

2 ADDRESS : For Eastern Hemisphere:^ 53, boulevard Diderot, Paris-12e, France. Telephone:DIDerot .75-80. For Western Hemisphere: 3301 Junius Street, Dallas, Texas, U.S.A.

3 NATURE: Non-governmental.

4 AIMS: TO promote the advancement of haematology and its recognition as a branch ofthe biological sciences; to promote and foster the exchange and diffusion of informationand ideas relating to blood and blood-forming tissues throughout the world; to providea forum for discussion of haematologic problems on an international scale; to attemptto standardize on an international scale haematologic methods and nomenclature, etc.

5 OFFICERS: President: A. Pavlovsky (Argentina); Vice-Presidents:W. Dameshek(U.S.A.),G. di Guglielmo (Italy), P. A. Owren (Norway); Secretary-General for Europe: Dr.Marcel Bessis (France); Secretary-General Western Hemisphere: Dr. Sol Haberman(U.S.A.); Secretary-Treasurer of the 1952 Congress: Dr. Carlos Reussi (Argentina). ThePresident and Secretary-Treasurer of the Congress serve one term, from the end of onescientific meeting to the end of the following scientific meeting, and cannot be re-elected to the same office in two consecutive terms. The Vice-Presidents serve for twoconsecutive terms and cannot be re-elected. The two Secretaries-General are eligiblefor re-election for one term only.

6 MEMBERS: (a) Ordinary Members: any person medically qualified or holding an earneddoctor's degree who has manifested a continuous active interest in haematology forat least five years; (b) Honorary Members: persons who have distinguished them-selves by research or personal sacrifice in the cause of haematology or of scientificmedicine; (c) Emeritus Members who upon reaching the age of 65 and upon making arequest to a Secretary-General may be so designated.

7 COMMISSIONS: Standing Committees: The Congress Committee, composed of fiveordinary members, who each hold office for one term or until their successors are elected,and of the ex-officio members; the Board of Councillors, consisting of ordinary membersfrom countries represented in the Society, one to three councillors from each country,in addition to the ex-officio members. Special Committees: Nominating Committee:appointed at the opening of the regular sessions of Congress; Programme Committee:consisting of seven ordinary members; Exhibits Committee: consisting of five ordinarymembers including the Secretary-Treasurer of the Congress.

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9 FINANCES: Annual dues of ordinary members, U.S.$3.

11 VOTING: Voting is restricted to ordinary members.

13 RELATIONS WITH OTHER INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS: The Society is a foundermember of CIOMS.

14 SHORT HISTORY: The Society was founded at Dallas,Texas, in 1946.The First Congresswas held from 23 to 26 August 1948 in Buffalo, N.Y., U.S.A.; the Second in August 1950at Cambridge, U.K., and the Third in September 1952 at Buenos Aires.

16 COMMENTS : The Fourth International Congress of Haematology will be held in 1954 inParis, under the chairmanship of Prof. Chevallier (France).

INTERNATIONAL SOCIETYOF THE HISTORY OF MEDICINE[SOCIET& INTERNATIONALE D ' H I S T O I R E DE LA MEDECINE (SIHM)]

2 ADDRESS: c/o Prof. F. A. Sondervorst, 124, avenue des Allies, Louvain, Belgium.Telephone: 24724.

3 NATURE: Non-governmental.

4 AIMS : The object of the Society is to study all questions relating to the history of thebiological and medical sciences and more especially to organize Congresses on theHistory of Medicine.

5 GOVERNING BODIES: Standing Committee consisting of the officers and all nationaldelegates, OFFICERS: Honorary Chairman and Founder: Dr. J. J. G. Tricot-Royer(Belgium), life member; Honorary Chairmen: Dr. Davido Giordano (Italy), Dr. VictorGomoiu (Rumania), Prof. Jules Guiart (France), life members; Honorary Members:Dr. Ch. Singer (U.K.), Dr. Max Neuburger (U.S.A.), life members; Chairman: Prof.Maxime Laignel-Lavastine (France, 1956); Vice-Chairmen: Dr. Henry E. Sigerist(Switzerland, 1956), Dr. Maranon (Spain, 1956), Dr. Schlichting (Netherlands, 1956);Secretary-General: Prof. F. A. Sondervorst (Belgium, 1956); Secretary: Dr. Delore(France, 1956); Archivist: Dr. Finot (France, 1956); Treasurer: M. Genot (France,1956); Members: Dr. Bazala (Yugoslavia), Dr. Avalon (France). All officers are eligiblefor re-election.

6 MEMBERS : 279 members forming National Groups, each with a delegate on the Stand-ing Committee. Individual members: Afghanistan, 1; Albania, 1; Argentina, 3; Austria,4; Belgium, 15; Brazil, 5; Canada, 7; Chile, 2; China, 1; Czechoslovakia, 2; Denmark, 1;Egypt, 3; Finland, 1; France, 43; Greece, 2; Hungary, 4; Iceland, 1; Iran, 1; Ireland, 2;Israel, 9; Italy, 20; Lebanon, 1; Lithuania, 1; Mexico, 2; Netherlands, 10; Norway, 2;Peru, 1; Philippines, 1; Poland, 7; Portugal, 7; Rumania, 21; Spain, 5; Sweden, 4;Switzerland, 4; Turkey, 7; Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, 2; United Kingdom, 10;United States of America, 58; Uruguay, 1; Yugoslavia, 1.

7 COMMISSIONS: Archives Committee. Medical Folklore Committee. Priorities Committee.

9 FINANCES: In principle, the annual subscription is from 5,000 Fr.frs. but at presentvaries between 500 and 1,000 Fr.frs.

10 MEETINGS: Congresses in principle every two years; Standing Committee meetingsonce or twice a year.

11 VOTING: By show of hands or by ballot.

12 PUBLICATIONS: A volume was published after each Congress held before 1939, with theexception of that at Madrid in 1935.

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13 RELATIONS WITH OTHER INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS: The Society is affiliated to theInternational Union of the History of Science and is a founder member of CIOMS.

14 SHORT HISTORY: The Society was founded in Paris in 1921 on the initiative of Dr.J. J. G. Tricot-Royer, on the occasion of the Second Congress of the History of Medi-cine. Congresses have been held at Antwerp 1920; Paris 1921; London 1922; Brussels1923; Geneva 1925; Leyden 1927; Oslo 1928; Rome 1930; Bucharest 1932; Madrid1935; Zagreb/Belgrade 1938; Amsterdam 1950.

15 BIBLIOGRAPHY: Archives of the International Society of the History of Medicine, numbers1 to 5, 1936-38. Archives Internationales d'Histoire des Sciences. Aesculape. Le Scalpel.

INTERNATIONAL SOCIETYOF INTERNAL MEDICINE

[SOCIETE INTERNATIONALE DE MEDECINE INTERNE]

INTERNATIONALE GESELLSCHAFT FOR INNERE MEDIZIN

2 ADDRESS: C/O Prof. A. Gigon, Hebelstrasse 1, Basle, Switzerland. Telephone: 22252.

3 NATURE: Non-governmental.

4 AIMS : To contribute to the development of international research on internal medicine,to promote the education of the younger generation and encourage personal relationsbetween medical practitioners in every country.

5 GOVERNING BODIES : The Society is governed by: (a) an International Committee whosetask it is to provide a link between the various countries and the Officers of the Societyand to encourage specialists on internal medicine to join the Society. At the constituentmeeting in September 1948 the following delegates were appointed: A. Hittmair(Austria), J. Roskam (Belgium), T. T. Yang (China), E. Warburg (Denmark), B. v.Bonsdorff (Finland), G. Giraud (France), J. Rusznyak (Hungary), Hashim El-Witry(Iraq), H. Zondek (Israel), M. Ascoli (Italy), C. D. de Langen (Netherlands), A. Sal-vesen (Norway), A. Vaz Serra (Portugal), A. Pedro Pons (representing the Spanish-speaking countries), A. Kristenson (Sweden), O. Gsell (Switzerland), T. Saglam(Turkey), H. E. A. Boldero (U.K.), A. M. Snell (U.S.A.), and F. Bulic (Yugoslavia);(b) an Executive Committee consisting of a Chairman, two to three Vice-Chairmen, aSecretary-General, a Treasurer and two to three Deputies. The Committee has itspermanent headquarters at Basle, OFFICERS: Chairman: Prof. A. Gigon (Switzerland);Vice-Chairmen: Prof. Nanna Svartz (Sweden), Prof. A. M. Snell (U.S.A.); Deputies:Prof. L. Justin-Besangon (France), Prof. C. Jimenez Diaz (Spain), Prof. H. E. A.Boldero (U.K.); Secretary: Dr. H. Ludwig (Switzerland); Dr. F. Burkart (Switzerland),Assistant Director of the Swiss Bank Corporation, Basle, acts as Treasurer.

6 MEMBERS : Medical practitioners in every country may become members of the Societyprovided they are recognized as specialists on internal medicine either by a nationalsociety or by the International Committee.

9 FINANCES: Members subscriptions at the rate of 10 Sw.frs. every two years.

10 MEETINGS: Congresses every two years.

11 VOTING: All members of the Society are entitled to vote.

12 PUBLICATIONS: The scientific reports presented at the Basle meetings are publishedin the Swiss Medical Journal.

13 RELATIONS WITH OTHER INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS: The Society is a foundermember of CIOMS.

14 SHORT HISTORY: The Constituent Assembly was held at Basle on 29 September 1948,and was attended by representatives of 19 countries. The First International Congress

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of Internal Medicine was held in Paris in September 1950; the Second in London from15 to 18 September 1952.

16 COMMENTS : The Third Congress will take place in the autumn of 1954.

INTERNATIONAL SOCIETYOF MEDICAL HYDROLOGY (ISMH)[SOCIETE INTERNATIONALE DE MEDECINE HYDROLOGIQUE (SIMH)]

2 ADDRESS: Via Lamarmora 34, Florence, Italy.

3 NATURE: Non-governmental.

4 AIMS: To encourage the clinical and experimental study of hydrology, particularly thetherapeutic effects of medicinal waters, and the study of climatology and its effect onhealth.

5 GOVERNING BODIES: Council of the Society, OFFICERS: President: Lord Horder (U.K.,permanent term); Chairman: Prof. S. Pisani (Italy); Vice-Chairmen: Prof. K. M.Walthard (Switzerland), Prof. F. Lenoch (Czechoslovakia), Prof. Michez (Belgium),Dr. G. D. Kersley (U.K.); Honorary Treasurer: Dr. A. Valente (Italy); HonorarySecretary: Dr. G. Ammirandoli (Italy); Members of the Council: Dr. J. van Breemen(Netherlands), Dr. J. Barnes Burt (U.K.).

9 FINANCES: Members' subscriptions.

10 MEETINGS : Annual Congress.

11 VOTING: By individual vote.

12 PUBLICATIONS: Archives of Medical Hydrology, quarterly, 15s. sterling per annum.International Register of Spas. Annual Report.

14 SHORT HISTORY: Founded in 1922. Activities were suspended during World War IIand resumed in 1946.

INTERNATIONAL SOCIETYFOR THE ORGANIZATION OF THE WORLD

CONGRESSES OF PSYCHIATRY[SOCIETE INTERNATIONALE POUR L'ORGANISATION DES CONGRES MONDIAUX DE PSYCHIATRIE]

2 ADDRESS : c/o Dr. Henry Ey, Centre Psychiatrique Sainte-Anne, 1, rue Cabanis, Paris-14e, France.

3 NATURE: Non-governmental.

4 AIMS: An international, non-profit-making association, whose purpose is to establishand maintain an organic connexion in the future between the World Congresses ofPsychiatry, which are expected to be held every five years.

5 GOVERNING BODIES: A General Assembly, meeting in conjunction with each WorldCongress, appoints (a) a Permanent Council of 13 members and (b) an InternationalPreparatory Committee, OFFICERS: President: Prof. Jean Delay (France); Secretary:Dr. Henry Ey (France); Members: Prof. Bernhard Jacobowsky (Sweden), Prof. DesiderJulius (Yugoslavia), Dr. Walter S. Maclay (U.K.), Prof. Mauricio de Medeiros (Brazil),Prof. Winfred Overholzer (U.S.A.), Dr. John Rees (U.K.), Prof. Henricus C. Rttrnke

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(Netherlands), Dr. Paul Sivadon (France), Dr. Kenneth Soddy (U.K.), Dr. PierreTurquet (U.K.), Dr. Jacob Wyrsch (Switzerland).

6 MEMBERS: 40 Associations of Psychiatry from 31 countries.

8 FACILITIES: Archives.

9 FINANCES: Members subscriptions and subsidies.

10 MEETINGS: The Permanent Council on convocation by the Secretary in agreement withthe President.

11 VOTING: By individual ballot.

12 PUBLICATIONS: Proceedings of the First World Congress of Psychiatry, Paris 1950.

13 REIATIONS WITH OTHER INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS: The Society is a member ofCIOMS.

14 SHORT HISTORY: As a continuation of the International Preparatory Committee for theFirst World Congress of Psychiatry, Paris 1950, the International Society for theOrganization of the World Congresses of Psychiatry was created at the close of theCongress.

INTERNATIONALSOCIETY FOR ORTHOPAEDAGOGICS

[SOCIETE INTERNATIONALE POUR LA PEDAGOGIE DE L'ENFANCE DEFICIENTE]

2 ADDRESS: c/o Dr. B. Stokvis, Weteringplantsoen 2, Amsterdam, Netherlands. Tele-phone: 39906. Cable address: STOKVIS WETERINGPLANTSOEN AMSTERDAM.

3 NATURE: Non-governmental.

4 AIMS: (a) To further the research and scientifically based practice of orthopaedagogicsin all its branches; (b) to give guidance and information to governments and thepublic of all countries, in respect of both the scientific and the social aspects of ortho-paedagogics; (c) to further the international interchange of workers in the field oforthopaedagogics; (d) to further the training of orthopaedagogics workers in thedifferent countries separately; (e) to organize Congresses, and (f) to publish a Journalof Orthopaedagogics.

5 OFFICERS: President: Prof. Dr. H. Hanselmann (Switzerland); Vice-President: Prof.Dr. J. Waterink (Netherlands); Honorary Secretary: Dr. Berthold Stokvis (Nether-lands).

10 MEETINGS: In principle, an International Congress every three years.

11 VOTING: By countries.

14 SHORT HISTORY: The Society was founded by Prof. Dr. H. Hanselmann in 1935.The First International Congress of Orthopaedagogics took place in Geneva in 1939;the Second in Amsterdam from 18 to 22 July 1949.

INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY OF ORTHOPAEDICSURGERY AND TRAUMATOLOGY

[SOCIETE INTERNATIONALE DE CHIRURGIE ORTHOPEDIQt E ET DE TRAUMATOLOGIE]

2 ADDRESS: 34, rue Montoyer, Brussels, Belgium. Telephone: 11 78 56. Cable address:DODELCHEF BRUXELLES.

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3 NATURE: Non-governmental.

4 AIMS: To contribute to the progress of science by the study of questions relating toorthopaedic surgery and traumatology.

5 GOVERNING BODIES : The Society is governed by an International Committee, comprisinga Bureau and a delegate from each national committee member of the Society. OFFI-CERS: Honorary Chairman: L. Ombredanne (France); Chairman: Sir Harry Platt(U.K.); First Vice-Chairman: E. Sorrel (France); Second Vice-Chairman: J. Vails (Argen -tina); Secretary-General: J. Delchef (Belgium); Treasurer: Ch. Parisel (Belgium);Delegates of: Argentina, Australia, Austria, Belgium, Brazil, Canada, Chile, China,Colombia, Cuba, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, Egypt, Finland, France, Greece, Hungary,Iceland, India, Israel, Italy, Japan, Lebanon, Luxembourg, Netherlands, New Zealand,Norway, Poland, Portugal, Rumania, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, Union ofSouth Africa, United Kingdom, United States of America, Uruguay, Venezuela, Yugo-slavia.

6 MEMBERS : Full and Honorary (Emeritus) Members. Any country may be representedon the Association, once it has established a National Committee approved by theInternational Committee of the Association. The number of full members is limitedto 60 per country.

7 COMMISSIONS: Congresses are organized by the Congress Committee which includes thePresident and Vice-President of the Congress, the Officers of the Society and a Secretaryfrom the city chosen for the meeting.

9 FINANCES : Full members pay a subscription every three years, the amount of whichis fixed by Congress for the following period of three years. Members paying the sub-scription are entitled to receive free of charge all publications concerning the nextCongress.

10 MEETINGS : A Congress every three years, consisting of scientific working parties anda general administrative assembly.

11 VOTING: By individual ballot.

12 PUBLICATIONS: After each Congress, the Society publishes the minutes, reports, dis-cussions and special communications.

13 RELATIONS WITH OTHER INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS: The Society is a foundermember of CIOMS. At the General meeting of the latter organization in Geneva inApril 1952, the Society was nominated member of the Executive Committee of CIOMS.

14 SHORT HISTORY: Founded in Paris on 10 October 1929. Congresses have been heldin Paris in 1930; London 1933; Rome and Bologna 1936; Amsterdam 1948; Stock-holm 1951.

16 COMMENTS : The next Congress of the Society will be held in Berne, Switzerland, from30 August to 4 September 1954, under the chairmanship of E. Sorrel (France).

INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY OF SURGERY[SOCIETE INTERNATIONALE DE CHIRURGIE]

2 ADDRESS: 141, rue Belliard, Brussels, Belgium. Telephone: 33 00 61. Cable address:CHIRMA BRUSSELS.

3 NATURE: Non-governmental.

4 AIMS: The advancement of surgery by the discussion and elucidation of various surgicalquestions.

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5 GOVERNING BODIES: The Society is administered by a permanent International Com-mittee consisting of the President of the International Society of Surgery, one delegatefrom each country, the Presidents of the Congress, the Vice-Presidents, the Secretary-General and the General Treasurer. The last two officers must be resident in Brussels.OFFICERS: President of the Society and of the International Committee: Prof. RobertDanis (Belgium); Secretary-General: Dr. L. Dejardin (Belgium); General Treasurer:Dr. P. Lorthioir (Belgium).

6 MEMBERS : Membership consists of full members and associate members and is limitedin number. Each member must be proposed by his National Committee, and acceptedby the International Committee. Members in: Argentina, Australia, Austria, Belgium,Brazil, Bulgaria, Canada, Chile, China, Costa Rica, Cuba, Cyprus, Czechoslovakia,Denmark, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Finland, France, French North Africa, Greece,Guatemala, Hungary, Iceland, India, Ireland, Italy, Lebanon, Luxembourg, Mexico,Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Pakistan, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines,Poland, Portugal, Rumania, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Thailand, Turkey,Union of South Africa, Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, United Kingdom, UnitedStates of America, Uruguay, Venezuela, Yugoslavia.

7 COMMISSIONS : A Scientific Council is nominated by each General Assembly, to proposesubjects to be submitted to the Assembly and supplementary questions for submissionto the next Congress.

9 FINANCES: The Subscription for 1952-53 was 1,200 B.frs. New members pay anadditionnal entrance fee of 400 B.frs. Payment of the subscription entitles membersto receive all the Society's publications.

10 MEETINGS : Congresses are held ordinarily every two years. A General Assembly meetsduring the Congress.

11 VOTING: AH full members have the right to vote.12 PUBLICATIONS: The Society publishes the reports of its Congress in volume form.

It abo publishes the Journal International de Chirurgie containing articles in the sixofficial languages of the Society: English, French, German, Italian, Russian, Spanish.

13 RELATIONS WITH OTHER INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS: The Society is a foundermember of CIOMS.

14 SHORT HISTORY: The Society was founded in Brussels in 1902. Congresses have beenheld iu Brussels 1905; Brussels 1908; Brussels 1911; New York 1914; Paris 1920;London 1923; Rome 1926; Warsaw 1929; Madrid 1932; Cairo 1935; Brussels 1938;London 1947; New Orleans 1949; Paris 1951; Lisbon 1953.

15 BIBLIOGRAPHY: Societe Internationale de Chirurgie, XlVe Congres, ProcSs-Verbaux,Exposes et Discussions des Questions a VOrdre du Jour, published by Dr. Dejardin,Secretaire-General de la Societe Internationale de Chirurgie, Imprimerie M^dicale etScientifique (S.A.), 67, rue de POrient, Bruxelles, 1952.

INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY OF UROLOGY[SOCIETE INTERNATIONALE D'UROLOGIE]

SOCIEDAD INTERNACIONALIDE UROLOGIA

2 ADDRESS: c/o Dr. R. Kiiss, Secretaire General. 152, avenue Victor-Hugo, Paris-16e,France. Telephone: KLEber 03-01.

3 NATURE: Non-governmental.

4 AIMS: The study of all questions relating to urology (anatomy, physiology, chemistry,medical and surgical pathology, etc.).

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5 GOVERNING BODIES: The Society is governed by the Permanent International Committeeconsisting of one delegate for each member country, a Chairman, two Vice-Chairmen,former Chairmen of the Society and Presidents of Congresses, a Secretary-General,a General Treasurer and former Secretaries of the Society. Members are appointed fora term of three years and are eligible for re-election. Members of each national sectionare convened to a special meeting coinciding with the General Assemblies to appointa National Committee of three members, one of whom will be delegated to the Inter-national Committee, for a term of three years, OFFICERS: International Committee:President: Dr. George G. Smith (U.S.A.); Vice-Presidents: Dr. A. Clifford Morson(U.K.); Dr. O. Pasteau (France); Secretary-General: Dr. R. Kiiss (France); GeneralTreasurer: Dr. P. Bouteau (France).

6 MEMBERS: National Committees about 700 members in: Argentina, Australia, Austria,Belgium, Brazil, Bulgaria, Canada, Chile, China, Colombia, Cuba, Czechoslovakia,Denmark, Egypt, El Salvador, Finland, France, German Federal Republic, Greece,Guatemala, Hungary, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Japan, Lebanon, Mexico, Netherlands,New Zealand, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Puerto Rico, Rumania, Spain, Sweden,Switzerland, Turkey, Union of South Africa, Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, UnitedKingdom, United States of America, Uruguay, Venezuela, Yugoslavia.

9 FINANCES: Members' subscriptions, 25 Sw.frs. a year.

10 MEETINGS : Congresses are held every three years but there is a permanent Secretariat.The International Committee meets at the beginning of each Congress and may beconvened by the Chairman to an extraordinary session. The National Committees meetonce a year. While the Congress is in session, the General Assembly, whose Presidentis the Chairman of the International Committee, meets to fix the time and place of thefollowing Congress and to elect its Presidents and Vice-Presidents.

11 VOTING: By individual ballot when proposed by the Bureau and the InternationalCommittee.

12 PUBLICATIONS: The Society publishes a series of reports prior to the Congresses, andthe Proceedings shortly after their close. These two publications are sent to membersof the Society. The official languages are: English, French, German, Italian, Spanish.

13 RELATIONS WITH OTHER INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS: The Society is a foundermember of CIOMS.

14 SHORT HISTORY: The International Society of Urology was founded in 1919 to takethe place of the International Association of Urology. Congresses have been held inParis 1919; Rome 1924; Brussels 1927; Madrid 1930; London 1933; Vienna 1936;St. Moritz 1947; Barcelona 1949; New York 1952.

16 COMMENTS: The Tenth Congress will take place at Easter 1955 at Athens/Istanbul.

INTERNATIONAL SOCIETYFOR THE WELFARE OF CRIPPLES (ISWC)

[SOCIETE INTERNATIONALE POUR LA PROTECTION DES INVALIDES]

SOCIEDAD INTERNACIONAL PARA EL BIENESTAR DE LOS LIS1ADOS

2 ADDRESS: 127 East 52nd Street, New York 22, N.Y., U.S.A. Telephone: PLaza 3-6671.

3 NATURE: Non-governmental.

4 AIMS: To serve as an international bureau for the collection, compilation and dissemi-nation of information relative to the welfare of cripples; to organize internationalcongresses; to investigate the causes of crippling and to promote measures for their

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elimination; to encourage and bring about the creation of national societies devotedto the welfare of the disabled; to assist such national societies; to co-operate with allagencies, governmental and private, national and international, in the establishmentand carrying out of programmes for the welfare of cripples.

5 GOVERNING BODIES: Assembly, policy making body consisting of representatives ofaffiliated national organizations; Council, administrative body consisting of officersand others elected by the assembly. National Secretaries ensure administration liaisonin each country, OFFICERS: President: Konrad Persson (Sweden); Vice-Presidents:E. Stanley Evans (U.K.), Mrs. Nelly Micrulachi (Greece), Jose I. Tarafa (Cuba);Treasurer: E. W. Palmer (U.S.A.); Secretary-General: Donald V. Wilson (U.S.A.,permanent term); Past-President: Henry H. Kessler (U.S.A.).

6 MEMBERS: Affiliated National Organization in the following countries: Argentina,Australia, Austria, Belgium, Brazil, Canada, Cuba, Denmark, Finland, France, Greece,Haiti, India, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Sweden, Union of South Africa,United Kingdom, United States of America, Uruguay.

8 FACILITIES: Information service available to all persons and organizations interestedin programmes for the physically handicapped.

9 FINANCES: Members dues, grants and donations.

10 MEETINGS: World Congress every three years.

11 VOTING: Voting may be viva voce, by show of hands, or by ballot, which may be secret,as may be determined at any meeting. During the interim between meetings of theCouncil or Assembly, questions may be resolved by letter ballot. All questions aredecided by the vote of the majority of those voting, except that amendments to theConstitution are adopted in accordance with the provisions of Article VIII of theConstitution.

12 PUBLICATIONS : Bulletin, quarterly. Newsletter. Annual Reports for 1950, 1951. TheDisabled in the Modern World, Proceedings of the Fifth World Congress of the InternationalSociety for the Welfare of Cripples, Stockholm 1951. 1951 World Directory.

13 RELATIONS WITH OTHER INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS: Consultative Status (B) withEcosoc; official relations with WHO; member of the Non-governmental OrganizationsCommittee of Unicef; member of CIOMS.

14 SHORT HISTORY: A Federation of non-governmental national organizations engagedin programmes for the welfare of crippled children and adults, the InternationalSociety for the Welfare of Cripples was founded in 1922 as the International Societyfor Crippled Children. In 1929, the Society was incorporated as the InternationalSociety for Crippled Children. During the following decade, it became apparent thatthe Society's functions were needed in the development of services for handicappedpersons of all ages and, at the World Congress in London in 1939, a new constitutionwas adopted which included within the Society's purposes services for all the physicallydisabled and changed its name to the International Society for the Welfare of Cripples.The International Society has held five World Congresses of workers for the disabled:Geneva 1929; The Hague 1931; Budapest 1936; London 1939; and Stockholm 1951.The First Inter-American Conference on the Rehabilitation of the Crippled and Disabledwas sponsored by the Society in 1948 in Mexico City. The Society endeavours to assistnot only its affiliated national organizations, but all groups interested in serving thehandicapped. Close liaison is maintained with other international organizations, bothgovernmental and voluntary.

15 BIBLIOGRAPHY : Yearbook of International Organizations, 1951-52, Union of Inter-national Associations, Brussels, 1951.

16 COMMENTS: The Sixth World Congress of the International Society for the Welfareof Cripples will be held in 1954.

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INTERNATIONAL UNION AGAINST CANCER (UICC)[UNION INTERNATIONALE CONTRE LE CANCER (UICC)]

2 ADDRESS : 6, avenue Marceau, Paris-8e, France. Telephone: BALzac 67-75.

3 NATURE: Non-governmental.

4 AIMS : The International Union against Cancer is an association consisting of privateor official national bodies combating cancer through scientific and social measures.Its aims are: (a) to establish permanent contacts between organizations makinga scientific study of cancer and its prevention; (b) to serve as a permanent internationalcentre for documentation on all questions relating to cancer; (c) to prepare internationalcongresses on the prevention of cancer by scientific and social measures and to publishtheir reports and communications; (d) to promote research on the establishment ofappropriate bodies and to assemble information on the scientific and social campaignagainst cancer.

5 GOVERNING BODIES: General Committee consisting of representatives of all memberassociations which elect three delegates for eaeh country: one dealing with scientificproblems, the second with social problems and the third representing the Government.The scientific delegate represents his country on the International Cancer ResearchCommission. The General Committee appoints an Executive Committee of 25 memberson which at least 12 countries must be represented and from which the officers of theGeneral committee are drawn, OFFICERS: President: Prof. J. Maisin (Belgium); Secre-tary-General: Dr. Dorn (U.S.A.); Assistant Secretary-General: Dr. Denoix (France);Treasurer: Dr. P. R. Peacock (U.K.).

6 MEMBERS : (a) The various Governments or anti-cancer organizations enjoying govern-ment protection; (b) private anti-cancer organizations; (c) associate members; (d) hono-rary members. Only groups (a) and (b) are obliged to pay a subscription and areentitled to vote. Members in: Australia, Austria, Belgium, Brazil, Bulgaria, Canada,Chile, Cuba, Denmark, Egypt, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, India, Iran,Ireland, Israel, Italy, Korea, Lebanon, Luxembourg, Mexico, Netherlands, New Zealand,Norway, Peru, Poland, Portugal, Saudi Arabia, Sweden, Switzerland, Tunisia, Turkey,Union of South Africa, United Kingdom, United States of America, Uruguay, Venezuela,Viet-Nam, Yugoslavia.

7 COMMISSIONS: International Cancer Research Commission (ICRC): President: Prof.Khanolkar (India); Secretary: Prof. Lima-Basto (Portugal); Members: Dr. Stewart(U.S.A.), Dr. C. Dukes (U.K.), Dr. J. Clemmesen (Denmark), Dr. C. Ortega (Peru).International Social Commission on Cancer (Lisbon 1951): Members: Dr. Cameron(U.S.A.), Prof. Chahovitch (Yugoslavia), Prof. Maisin (Belgium), Prof. Nicod (Switzer-land), Prof. Puente-Duany (Cuba), Lord Amulree (U.K.), Mme Charles Vallin (France).Committee on Geographical Pathology of Cancer: President: Prof. Khanolkar (India),Secretary: Dr. Stewart (U.S.A.), Assistant Secretary: Prof. Clemmesen (Denmark);Members: Prof. Gillman (Union of South Africa), Prof. Maisin (Belgium). Committeeon Nomenclature and Statistics: President: Dr. Perry (U.S.A.); Secretary: Dr. Denoix(France); Members: Dr. Berven (Sweden), Prof. Hamperl (Germany), Dr. Jackson(U.K.). Prof. Roxo-Nobre (Brazil), Dr. Stocks (U.S.A.), Prof. Chahovitch (Yugoslavia).International Bibliographical Centre. Programme Committee for Cancer Congresses.

9 FINANCES: Members' subscriptions (see 6 above).

10 MEETINGS: The General Committee meets every three years in General Assembly atthe same time as the Congresses, and, as far as possible, in a different country.

11 VOTING: By country.

12 PUBLICATIONS: Acta Unio Internalionalis Contra Cancrum, quarterly, publishes theProceedings of the International Congresses on Cancer. Every paper is published in its

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original language followed by a summary in English, French, German, Italian, Spanish,Russian. This Journal is sent to all member organizations of the Union and otherindividuals so requesting. U.S.$25 per annum. An Anatomo-histo-clinical Atlas onCancer is envisaged.

13 RELATIONS WITH OTHER INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS: The Union has official rela-tions with WHO and is a founder member of CIOMS.

14 SHORT HISTORY: The Union was established in October 1933 in Madrid at a PreparatoryConference at which 33 countries were represented. The Second Congress was heldin 1936 in Brussels, the Third in 1939 in Atlantic City, the Fourth in 1947 in St. Louis,Mo., and the Fifth in 1950 in Paris.

15 BIBLIOGRAPHY: International Non-Governmental Organizations by Lyman C. "White,Butgers University Press, 1951, p. 171.

16 COMMENTS: The Sixth International Congress will be held in July 1954 in Sao Paulo,Brazil, under the chairmanship of Prof. Prudente (Roa Jose Getulio 211, Sao Paulo,Brazil).

INTERNATIONAL UNIONOF NUTRITIONAL SCIENCES (IUNS)

[UNION INTERNATIONALE DES SCIENCES DE LA NUTRITION (UISN)]

2 ADDRESS: c/o Dr. L. J. Harris, Honorary Secretary, Dunn Nutritional Laboratory,Milton Road, Cambridge, U.K. Telephone: 55444-5.

3 NATURE: Non-governmental.

4 AIMS: (a) To promote international co-operation in the scientific study of nutritionand its applications; (b) to encourage research and the exchange of scientific inforrmation in the nutritional sciences, by the holding of international congresses, bypublications and by other suitable means; (c) to set up such Commissions or othermachinery as may be required, in pursuit of (a) and (b); (d) to provide a means formaintaining contacts with organizations in other fields.

5 GOVERNING BODIES: Representative appointed by National Nutritional Societies orGroups in 14 countries, OFFICERS: Chairman: Prof. E. J. Bigwood (Belgium); Membersof the Executive Committee: Prof. B. C. P. Jansen (Netherlands), Dr. E. M. Nelson(U.S.A.), Prof. E. Terroine (France), Prof. F. Verzar (Switzerland), A. L. Bacharch(U.K.); Honorary Secretary: Dr. L. J. Harris (U.K.).

6 MEMBERS: The Union has members in: Belgium, Canada, Denmark, Finland, France,Iceland, India, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Sweden, Switzerland, United Kingdom,United States of America.

10 MEETINGS: Irregular.

11 VOTING: Voting at General Assemblies by countries; the number of votes each countryhas is determined by the voting Group to which it has been assigned.

13 RELATIONS WITH OTHER INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS: Unofficial relations withFAO and WHO; member of CIOMS.

14 SHORT HISTORY: The first post-war European Conference on Nutritional Sciences washeld in London from 4 to 20 July 1946, the second meeting (Provisional Committee)took place in London on 10 and 11 June 1948. The third meeting (Provisional Committeeand Scientific Conference) was held at Copenhagen from 12 to 15 September 1949.A fourth meeting (Informal Committee Meeting) was held at New York on 11 Sep-tember 1951. The Union held a European Symposium at Basle from 1 to 4 October 1952.

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INTERNATIONAL UNIONOF RAILWAY MEDICAL SERVICES

[UNION INTERNATIONALE DES SERVICES MEDICAUX DES CHEMINS DE FER (UIMC)|

2 ADDRESS: President and Assistant Secretary-General: 76, rue Belliard, Brussels, Belgium.Telephone: 18 33 03; 18 30 50, Ext. 2356; 2361. Secretary-General: 1, place Valhubert,Paris-13e, France. Telephone: PORt-Royal 27-86.

3 NATURE: Non-governmental.

4 AIMS: To promote the progress of medicine in its application to all that pertains to theoperation of railways. Industrial hygiene, hygiene in railway transportation, super-vision of the health of railway personnel.

5 GOVERNING BODIES : Standing Committee, consisting of one medical delegate by countryassisted by alternates; Bureau, OFFICERS (until end 1953): President: Dr. Huyberechts(Belgium); Vice-Presidents: Dr. Cavendish Fuller (U.K.), Dr. Galeone (Italy); Secretary-General: Dr. Louis Bazy (France); Assistant Secretary-General: Dr. Daenen (Belgium).

6 MEMBERS : (a) A medical officer for each member country, appointed by railway manage-ments; (b) Senior medical officers of the various railway networks in each country.The following countries are members of the Union: Austria, Belgium, Czechoslovakia,Finland, France, Italy, Netherlands, Portugal, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, UnitedKingdom.

8 FACILITIES: Medical documentation service of the different railway networks.

9 FINANCES: Annual subscription from member managements fixed at 100 gold frs.for each 50,000 staff.

10 MEETINGS: Annual Congress.

11 VOTING: Each country has one vote.

12 PUBLICATIONS : Communications and reports of the Union are published in the periodicalreview, Informations midicales de la SNCF. The founding of a Union review is envisaged.

13 RELATIONS WITH OTHER INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS: Member of CIOMS.

14 SHORT HISTORY: Founded on 28 March 1949, the Union has held three annual Con-gresses. At Brussels in November 1950, the fight against tuberculosis in the differentrailways networks was studied; in London in October 1951 the subjects were hygienein railways transportation and the rehabilitation of ill or wounded staff; at Madridfrom 14 to 19 October 1952 the cardiovascular diseases in railway staff were discussed.

16 COMMENTS: The theme of the 1953 Congress is: physical conditions required in staffand especially in the personal who deal with security.

INTERNATIONAL UNIONOF SCIENTIFIC PSYCHOLOGY[UNION INTERNATIONALE DE PSYCHOLOGIE SCIENTIFIQUE]

2 ADDRESS: Office of the Secretary-General, Eno Hall, Princeton, N.J., U.S.A. Telephone:2300 Ext. 313.

3 NATURE: Non-governmental.

4 AIMS: The organization of Congresses and the development of studies and scientificresearch in psychology, whether biological or social, normal or abnormal, pure orapplied.

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5 GOVERNING BODIES: Assembly and Executive Committee, OFFICERS (1951-1954): Presi-dent: Prof. H. Pieron (France); Vice-President: Sir Frederic Bartlett (U.K.); Treasurer:Prof. David Katz (Sweden); Secretary-General: Prof. Herbert S. Langfeld (U.S.A.);Assistant Secretary-General: Dr. J. Piaget (Switzerland).

6 MEMBERS : Psychological societies of the following countries: Belgium, France, Germany,Italy, Japan, Netherlands, Norway, Siveden, Switzerland, United Kingdom, UnitedStates of America.

9 FINANCES: Dues from member societies at the rate of U.S.$10 for each 100 members,with a limit of $400.

10 MEETINGS: Roughly every three years coinciding with the International Congresses.

11 VOTING: Voting is by delegates. Each society has one or two delegates according to isown membership.

12 PUBLICATIONS : Proceedings of Congresses. The Proceedings of the Thirteenth Congressmay be obtained from Prof. David Katz, University of Stockholm.

13 RELATIONS WITH OTHER INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS: Consultative arrangementswith Unesco.

14 SHORT HISTORY: The First International Congress of Psychology was held in Parisin 1889 under the presidency of the late Prof. Ribot (France). The International Unionof Scientific Psychology has superseded the International Congress of Psychology.Its Statutes were adopted at the Thirteenth Congress held in Stockholm in July 1951.

16 COMMENTS: The Fourteenth International Congress of Psychology will be held inMontreal from 7 to 12 June 1954.

INTERNATIONAL UNION AGAINST TUBERCULOSIS[UNION INTERNATIONALE CONTRE LA TUBERCULOSE (UICT)]

2 ADDBESS: 66, boulevard Saint-Michel, Paris-6e, France. Telephone: DANton 69-04;69-05. Cable address: UNIONTUBER PARIS.

3 NATURE: Non-governmental.

4 AIMS: To group into a Federation all national associations or organizations for theprevention of tuberculosis in the various countries of the civilized world; to organizeconferences and congresses on tuberculosis; to study comparative legislation on tuber-culosis and all related problems of social hygiene; to assemble international statisticson tuberculosis; to organize scientific and social surveys on the distribution, extension,prevention and treatment of tuberculosis in the various countries; to assemble andcommunicate to member organizations information on all questions relating to thesocial scientific study of tuberculosis.

5 GOVERNING BODIES : The Union is governed by a Council consisting of Advisory Mem-bers. The Council elects from among its members an Executive Committee of at leastfive members responsible for dealing with all business, considering the various questionssubmitted to it and reporting on them, OFFICERS: Chairman: Prof. K, A. Jensen(Denmark); Secretary-General: Prof. Etienne Bernard (France); Treasurer: Mirabaud(France).

6 MEMBERS: (a) Advisory members appointed by anti-tuberculosis organizations inmember countries. Each country is represented by two advisory members and thosewith more than 10 million inhabitants may delegate an additional member for everyextra 5 million inhabitants, up to a maximum of five members; (b) Titular members;(c) Honorary members. Additional members sponsored by governments or national

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associations may attend each conference of the Union for a fee fixed by the ExecutiveCommittee. Members in the following countries: Argentina, Australia, Austria, Belgium,Brazil, Canada, Ceylon, Chile, Colombia, Cuba, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, Ecuador,Egypt, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Haiti, Hungary, Iceland, India, Indonesia,Iran, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Lebanon, Luxembourg, Mexico, Monaco, Morocco, Nether-lands, New Zealand, Norway, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Rumania, Spain,Sweden, Switzerland, Tangier, Tunisia, Turkey, Union of South Africa, Union of SovietSocialist Republics, United Kingdom, United States of America, Uruguay, Venezuela,Yugoslavia.

9 FINANCES: Expenses are covered by ordinary subscriptions and other grants fromofficial or private bodies.

10 MEETINGS : The Council and the Executive Committee meet once a year. The GeneralAssembly is held every two years on the occasion of the International Conference.

12 PUBLICATIONS: Bulletin, quarterly (English, French).

13 RELATIONS WITH OTHER INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS: Official relations with WHO;founder member of CIOMS.

14 SHORT HISTORY: The Union was set up in Paris in 1920. International Conference havebeen held in Paris 1920, Brussels 1921, London 1922, Lausanne 1924, Washington 1926,Rome 1928, Oslo 1930, The Hague 1932, Warsaw 1934, Lisbon 1937, Copenhagen 1950,and Rio de Janeiro 1952.

INTERNATIONAL UNIONAGAINST THE VENEREAL DISEASES

[UNION INTERNATIONALE CONTRE LE PERIL VENERIEN (UIPV)]

2 ADDRESS: Institut Alfred Fournier, 25, boulevard Saint-Jacques, Paris-14e, France.Telephone: GOBelins 06-65. Regional Office for Europe: Herman-Greulitch-Strasse 70,Zurich, Switzerland. Regional Office for the Americas: Room 1404, 1790 Broadway,New York 19, N.Y., U.S.A.

3 NATURE: Non-governmental.

4 AIMS: (a) To facilitate the study of questions relating to the venereal diseases fromthe international viewpoint; to assure the carrying out of preventive measures relatingto the spread of the venereal diseases from country to country; to encourage thedevelopment of national legislation as well as international agreements; to encouragein each country, in co-operation with the national organizations, all the preventivemeasures, health and moral, of a nature promoting the campaign against the venerealdiseases; (b) to serve as a liaison co-ordinating agency between the various nationalsocieties against the venereal diseases, such as Red Cross societies, governmentalorganizations, etc., with the aim of securing common effort in the campaign againstthe venereal diseases, by an exchange of views and results obtained; (c) to centralizeall the information concerning the campaign against the venereal diseases; to initiatesocial and scientific inquiries on the extent, the prevention and treatment of thevenereal diseases in the different countries, and to publish all useful information; (d) toorganize or encourage the organization by the national societies of conferences andmeetings concerning the venereal diseases; (e) to make known to the governments,either through the national member agencies of the Union or through governmentrepresentatives who are members of the Board of Directors, or directly, the results ofall inquiries and information regarding all suitable measures for strengthening thecampaign against the venereal diseases from the national and the international pointof view.

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5 GOVERNING BODIES: Board of Directors composed of representatives of all memberagencies or organizations; Executive Committee, designated by the Bord, elected forthree years, OFFICERS: President: Dr. E. H. Hermans (Netherlands); Vice-Presidents:Dr. L. Dekeyser (Belgium), Dr. J. R. Heller (U.S.A.), Col. L. W. Harrison (U.K.);Secretary-General: Dr. A. Cavaillon (France); Deputy Secretaries-General: Prof. W.Burckhardt (Switzerland), Mrs. J. V. Tuller (U.S.A.); Counsellors: Prof. H. Gougerot(France), Prof. G. Canaperia (Italy), Dr. Brun-Pedersen (Denmark), Prof. L. M.Pautrier (France), Dr. B. Webster (U.S.A.), Prof. Da Moura Costa (Brazil), Dr. A. J .King (U.K.); Deputy-Treasurer: J. Piquet (France); Legal Adviser: J. Pfeiffer (France);Administrative Secretary: Mme Huet-Troue (France). Director, Regional Office forEurope: Prof. Walter Burckardt (Switzerland); Director, Regional Office for the Ameri-cas: Miss J. B. Pinney (U.S.A.).

6 MEMBERS: Organizations in: Argentina, Australia, Austria, Belgium, Bolivia, Brazil,Canada, Chile, China, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Denmark, Egypt, Ecuador, Finland,France, Germany, Greece, Guatemala, Israel, Italy, Luxembourg, Mexico, Monaco,Morocco, Netherlands, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Rumania,Sweden, Switzerland, Tunisia, Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, United Kingdom,United States of America, Uruguay, Venezuela, Viet-Nam, Yugoslavia.

7 COMMISSIONS : Committee I: to study questions relating to resolutions adopted by theUnion and to publications under its auspices. Committee II: to study questions ofprogramme and of collaboration with WHO. Committee III: to study financial questions.

9 FINANCES : Contributions, subventions, sale of anti-venereal disease laws. The ordinaryexpenses of the Union are covered by the dues of the member agencies. Special expensesare paid by contributions from official or voluntary agencies. The amount of dues isfixed every two years by the Board of Directors.

10 MEETINGS : The Board of Directors meets at least once a year, at each General Assembly.

11 VOTING: Each member agency has one vote.

12 PUBLICATIONS: Anti-Venereal Disease Laws in the World. Proceedings of Congresses,and of the General Assembly, since 1947 (in extenso in French, with abstracts inEnglish).

13 RELATIONS WITH OTHER INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS: Official relationship withWHO; founder member of CIOMS; relations with the Red Cross Societies League,the World Federation for Mental Health, etc.

14 SHORT HISTORY: The Union was organized in 1923 by medical and social organizationsfrom 19 conutries. It held its first General Assembly in Paris, in 1925. The first post-warAssembly, held in Paris in October 1947, was the sixteenth meeting of its kind. Morethan 60 agencies from 45 countries were represented.

MEDICAL RESEARCH AND DEONTOLOGIC CENTREOF THE INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION

OF CATHOLIC INTELLECTUALS 'PAX ROMANA'[CENTRE DE RECHERCHES ET DE DEONTOLOGIE MEDICALES DU MOTJVEMENT INTERNATIONAL

DES INTELLECTUELS CATHOLIQUES 'PAX ROMANA']

2 ADDRESS: 12, rue d'Assas, Paris-6e, France. Telephone: LITtre 73-62.

3 NATURE: Non-governmental.

4 AIMS: Study of borderline problems between medicine and biology and betweenpsychology and ethics.

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5 GOVERNING BODIES: The medical association Amis de Laennec. OFFICERS: Chairman:Dr. Serge Oberlin (France); Vice-Chairman: Hi. Jacques Delarue (France); Secretary:Charles Larere (France).

7 COMMISSIONS: Human and Medical Biology. Psychiatry and Ethics. Social Security.Medical and Health Legislation. Social and Industrial Medicine. Medicine and Educa-tion. Medicine and Marriage.

8 FACILITIES: Research Centre and Library.

9 FINANCES: Each member of the Amis de Laennec pays a subscription and the budgetamounts to 1 million Fr.frs.

10 MEETINGS: Congresses every two years.

11 VOTING: By individual ballot.

12 PUBLICATIONS: Cahiers Laennec, quarterly, 750 Fr.frs. per annum. Average circulation:10,000 copies. Editorial Office: 12, rue d'Assas, Paris-6c. Administration: Lethielleux,10, rue Cassette, Paris-6e. Publications of the Centre Laennec, Lethielleux.

MEDICAL WOMEN'S INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION[ASSOCIATION INTERNATIONALE DES FEMMES MEDECINS (AIFM)]

2 ADDRESS: c/o Dr. Janet K. Aitken, Honorary Secretary, 30a Acacia Road, London,N.W 8, U.K.

3 NATURE: Non-governmental.

4 AIMS : To ensure co-operation between medical women in the study of questions relatingto international hygiene; to give medical women an opportunity of meeting at regularintervals to exchange views on problems relating to the health and well-being ofmankind.

5 GOVERNING BODIES : The powers of the Association are vested in a Council consistingof delegates of affiliated societies. The affiliated societies in each country are requiredto appoint a local representative known as the national corresponding secretary.OFFICERS: President: Dr. Ada Chree Reid (U.S.A.); Honorary Secretary: Dr. Janet K.Aitken, C.B.E., F.R.C.P. (U.K.); Honorary Treasurer: Dr. Odier-Dollfus (France);Vice-Presidents: Dr. Casassa (Italy), Dr. Cuthbert (Australia), Dr. Eriksson-Lihr(Finland), Dr. Haldorsen (Norway), Dr. Montreuil-Straus (France), Dr. Odium (U.K.).

6 MEMBERS: National Corresponding Secretaries in the following countries: Australia'Dr. Puckey; Austria: Dr. A. Hitzenberger; Canada: Dr. R. A. Johnstone Harvey;Denmark: Dr. A. Heise; Finland: Dr. K. Turpeinen; France: Dr. Serin; Germany:Dr. G. Albrecht; India: Dr. Pandit; Israel: Dr. Jacob-Peller; Italy: Dr. de Gennaro;Netherlands: Dr. A. Middelhoven; New Zealand: Dr. Deem; Norway: Dr. Guldberg;Philippines: Dr. del Mundo; Sweden: Dr. Rexed; Switzerland: Dr. Schnabel; UnitedKingdom: Dr. Esslemont; United States of America: Dr. Wurts. 18 Affiliated Associa-tions with a total membership of 7,000 and eight individual members.

9 FINANCES: Each society pays the equivalent of 2/- for every individual member.Individual members (not belonging to any Society) pay 10/-.

10 MEETINGS: General meeting at least once every five years.

11 VOTING: By individual ballot. Each society has a set number of council members anddelegates with voting powers.

12 PUBLICATIONS: Bulletin of the Medical Women's International Association, annually.

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13 RELATIONS WITH OTHEH INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS: The Association maintainsrelations with the World Medical Association; it is also a founder member of CIOMS.

14 SHORT HISTORY: The Association was established in New York in 1919. The first Con-stituent Assembly was held in Geneva in 1922. Congresses and Council Meetings havebeen held in London in 1924; Prague 1926; Bologna 1928; Paris 1929; Vienna 1931;Stockholm 1934; Paris 1936; Edinburgh 1937; London 1946; Amsterdam 1947;Aulanko, Finland 1949; Philadelphia 1950; Vichy 1952.

16 COMMENTS: The next Congress will take place in 1954, probably in Italy.

PERMANENT COMMITTEE FOR THEINTERNATIONAL VETERINARY CONGRESSES

[COMMISSION PERMANENTE DES CONGRES INTERNATIONAUX DE M£DECINE VETERINAIRE]

STANDIGER AUSSCHUSS DER INTERNATIONALEN TIERARZTLICBEN KONGRESSE

2 ADDRESS: Soestdijkseweg 113 N, Bilthoven, Netherlands. Telephone: K3402; 3347.

3 NATURE: Non-governmental, semi-official.

4 AIMS: To form a link between successive international veterinary congresses and tosafeguard the common interests of these meetings; to communicate the recommen-dations of these Congresses to the different Governments; to help ensure that theseresolutions are put into practice and to assist the Organizing Committee in the pre-paration and convocation of the following Congress.

5 GOVERNING BODIES: Permanent Committee, consisting of delegates from each of thecountries in which there are members; Bureau, OFFICERS: President: Sir Daniel A. E.Cabot, M.R.C.V.S. (U.K.); Vice-President: Dr. Cesareo Sanz Egana (Spain); Secretary-General and Treasurer: Prof. Dr. L. de Blieck (Netherlands); Deputy Secretary: Prof.Dr. R. Manninger (Hungary).

6 MEMBERS: Members in the following countries: Argentina, Australia, Austria, Belgium,Brazil, Bulgaria, Canada, Chile, Cuba, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, Egypt, Finland,France, Hungary, India, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Mexico, Netherlands, New Zealand,Norway, Pakistan, Poland, Portugal, Rumania, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey,Union of South Africa, Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, United Kingdom, UnitedStates of America, Uruguay, Yugoslavia.

7 COMMISSIONS: Committee for the Compilation of a List of Animal Diseases: Chairman:W. A. Pool (U.K.). Committee on the Control of Parasitic Diseases: Chairman: Dr.T. W. M. Cameron (U.K.).

9 FINANCES: Congress Fund for the International Veterinary Congresses.

10 MEETINGS: Congresses every three or four years. Meetings of the Committee are heldduring, and at least once between, Congresses.

12 PUBLICATIONS: Congress Proceedings.13 RELATIONS wriH OTHER INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS: Unofficial relations with WHO,

FAO, the International Office of Epizootics, and the International Dairy Federation.14 SHORT HISTORY: The Committee was founded in 1906. International Congresses have

been held at Stuttgart in 1863, Vienna 1865, Zurich 1867, Brussels 1884, Paris 1889.Berne 1895, Baden-Baden 1899, Budapest 1905, The Hague 1909, London 1914,London 1930, New York 1934, Ziirich-Interlaken 1938, London 1949. The Secretariatof the Permanent Committee is at present compiling a world catalogue of veterinaryeducational films.

16 COMMENTS: The next Congress will take place from 9 to 15 August 1953 at Stockholm.

PERMANENT INTERNATIONAL COMMITTEEOF CONGRESSES OF COMPARATIVE PATHOLOGY

(Subsidiary of the Society of Comparative Pathology)

[COMITE INTERNATIONAL PERMANENT DES CONGRES DE PATHOLOGIE COMFAREE]

(Dependant de la Societi de Pathologie Comparee)

2 ADDRESS: 7, rue Gustave-Nadaud, Paris-16e, France. Telephone: TROcadero 35-19.

3 NATURE: Non-governmental.

4 AIMS: Study of diseases common to man, animals and vegetables.

5 OFFICERS: Chairman: Prof. Leon Binet (France); Secretary-General: Dr. Louis Crollet(France); Treasurer: Dr. P. Pizon (France).

6 MEMBERS: Each of the following countries has a National Committee: Belgium, Canada,Cuba, Denmark, France, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Netherlands, Poland, Sweden, Switzer-land, Turkey, United Kingdom, United States of America. Committees are being formedin: Argentina, Australia, Brazil, Colombia, Norway, Portugal, Yugoslavia.

1 COMMISSIONS: At each international congress, the Permanent International Committeeappoints any additional committees necessary for formulating recommendations.

9 FINANCES: All members of the International Congress, irrespective of whether theybelong to the International Committee or the Society of Comparative Pathology, arerequired to pay a subscription fixed by the Organizing Committee in agreement withthe International Committee. As members of National Committees must belong to theSociety of Comparative Pathology, they pay a subscription to that Society but not tothe Permanent International Committee.

10 MEETINGS: A Congress every three years. Apart from the Congresses, the PermanentCommittee meets whenever required to prepare the following Congress. The PermanentCommittee must meet on the second day of every Congress, but at the suggestion of theChairman or Secretary-General of the Permanent International Committee, it may holda meeting whenever an important decision has to be taken.

11 VOTING: By individual ballot.

12 PUBLICATIONS: Proceedings of Congresses. La Pathologie Generate, Revue de PathologieComparee et a"Hygiene, 10 times yearly, sent to all members of National Committees,the Society of Comparative Pathology and the International Committee.

16 COMMENTS: The Seventh International Congress of Comparative Pathology will takeplace in 1955, probably at Lausanne. On 2, 3 and 4 October 1953, les Vemes Journeesde Pathologie Comparee de Langue Franqaise will take place at Strasbourg under thechairmanship of Doyen Callot (France).

PERMANENT INTERNATIONAL COMMITTEEON INDUSTRIAL MEDICINE

[COMMISSION INTERNATIONALE PERMANENTE POUR LA MEDECINE DU TRAVAIL]

2 ADDRESS: c/o Secretary-General: Prof. L. Carozzi, 3, chemin Escalade, Geneva, Switzer-land. Chairman: Prof. P. Mazel, 22, avenue de Saxe, Lyon, France.

3 NATURE: Non-governmental.

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4 AIMS: (a) to ensure and arrange the organization of international and, where possible,national Congresses on industrial medicine; (b) to collaborate with all internationalbodies with similar aims; (c) to study new developments in industrial medicine as wellas in the economic and social sciences which may be of importance to industrial medi-cine; (d) to draw the attention of public authorities to results of research in industrialmedicine and to promote knowledge of its achievements, in the interest of teaching andprogress of industrial medicine; (e) to recommend to learned societies for discussionsuitable subjects related to industrial medicine.

5 GOVERNING BODIES: Bureau. OFFICERS (terms expire 1954): Chairman: Prof. PierreMazel (France); Vice-Chairmen: Dr. A. J. Orenstein (Union of South Africa), Prof.Joao Maria Porto (Portugal), Dr. R. R. Sayers (U.S.A.), Dr. I. Urbandt (Argentina);Secretary-General: Prof. L. Carozzi (Italy).

6 MEMBERS: More than 170 individual members in the following countries: Argentina,Australia, Austria, Belgium, Brazil, Canada, Chile, Cuba, Czechoslovakia, Denmark,Finland, France, German Federal Republic, Greece, India, Italy, Mexico, Netherlands,Norway, Pakistan, Poland, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, Union ofSouth Africa, United Kingdom, United States of America, Uruguay, Venezuela, Yugo-slavia.

9 FINANCES: Members dues, at present 5 Sw.fr. per annum.

10 MEETINGS: International Congresses are held every three years, and are called by theordinary members of the countries where they take place.

11 VOTING: By individual ballot; between sessions of the Congresses by correspondence.

12 PUBLICATIONS: Proceedings of the Congresses as follows: Congres international desmaladies du travail, Milan, 9-14 Juin 1906, 784 pp.; Congres international des maladiesprofessionnelles, Bruxelles, 10-14 Septembre 1910, 1,370 pp.; Congres international desmaladies professionelles, Vienne, 21-26 Septembre 1914, 812 pp.; Congres internationaldes accidents et des maladies professionnelles, Amsterdam, 5-12 Septembre 1925, 643 pp.;Reunion de la commission Internationale permanente pour les maladies professionnelles,Lyon, 3-6 Avril 1929, 789 pp.; Congres international pour les maladies professionnelles,Budapest, 2-8 Septembre 1928, 732 pp.; Congres international des accidents du travail etdes maladies professionnelles, Geneve, 2-6 Aout 1931, 1,175 pp.; Congris international desaccidents et des maladies professionnelles, Bruxelles, 22-26 Juillet 1935, 4 vols., 2,000 pp.;Congres international des accidents du travail et des maladies professionnelles, Frankfort,26-30 Septembre 1938, 1,252 pp.; Congres international de la medecine du travail, Londres,13-17 Septembre 1948, 1,116 pp.; Congres international de la medecine du travail, Lis-bonne, 9-15 Septembre 1951.

14 SHORT HISTORY: The Committee was established at Milan in June 1906, during theFirst International Congress on Industrial Diseases.

WORLD FEDERATION FOR MENTAL HEALTH(WFMH)

[FEDERATION MONDIALE POUR LA SANTE MENTALE (FMSM)]

FEDERACION MVNDIAL POR LA SALUD MENTAL (FMSM)

2 ADDRESS: 19 Manchester Street, London, W.I, U.K. Telephone: WELbeck 8126. Cableaddress: FEDMENSANA LONDON.

3 NATURE: Non-governmental.

4 AIMS: To promote among all peoples and nations the highest possible level of mentalhealth (which term shall be deemed to include mental health in its broadest biological,medical, educational and social aspects).

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5 GOVERNING BODIES: The General Assembly of the Federation is the Annual Meeting,and the Officers include a President, Vice-President and Treasurer. The Annual Meetingelects the Executive Board to carry out the resolutions passed by the assembly and toadminister the affairs of the Federation. The Executive Board is composed of thePresident, Vice-President and Treasurer, ex officio, and 12 delegates elected by theMeeting, to include at least one representative from each Continental Region. OFFICERS:President: Dr. Alfonso Millan (Mexico); Vice-President: Dr. M. K. el Kholy Bey (Egypt);Treasurer: Dr. George S. Stevenson (U.S.A.); Chairman of the Executive Board: Prof.Dr. H. C. Riimke (Netherlands); Director: Dr. J. R. Rees (U.K.); Assistant Director:Dr. Kenneth Soddy (U.K.); Secretary-General: JVtiss Esther M. Thornton (U.K.).

6 MEMBERS: Membership in the Federation is open to national or other organizationswhose purpose in main or in part is the promotion of mental health and human re-lations and the study of problems in these fields. Individual persons, whether membersof member associations or not, may enrol as 'Associates of WFMH'. In July 1952membership consisted of 66 national associations in 36 countries and two internationalassociations. Members in the following countries: Argentina, Australia, Austria,Belgium, Brazil, Canada, Chile, China, Costa Rica, Cuba, Czechoslovakia, Denmark,Egypt, Finland, France, Greece, Iceland, India, Israel, Italy, Mexico, Netherlands,NewZealand, Norway, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,Union of South Africa, United Kingdom, United States of America, Uruguay, Venezuela.The International Associations are: the International Association for Child Psychiatryand the International Council of Nurses.

7 COMMISSIONS : Committees may be appointed at the discretion of the Annual Meetingor the Executive Board. The Inter-Professional Advisory Committee (IPAC) consistsof persons from many countries distinguished in the social sciences. Its function is toadvise the Executive Board on technical matters. A Film Committee exists to collectand disseminate information about mental.health films.

9 FINANCES: The normal minimum annual subscription for member associations is400 Sw.fr. or the equivalent in another currency, but societies eligible for membershipwhich are unable to afford this fee may make a special arrangement with the Secre-tariat to pay a fee in conformity with their financial resources. Associates of WFMH paya minimum annual subscription of 13 Sw.fr. or its equivalent in another currency. TheFederation is entirely dependent upon the subscriptions of member associations andAssociates, supplemented by donations and grants.

11 VOTING: Each national delegation to the Annual Meeting has one vote, irrespectiveof the number of member associations in the country which it represents.

12 PUBLICATIONS : Bulletin of the World Federation for Mental Health, quarterly, 5 s. sterlingor U.S.$1 per year. Annual Reports for 1948-49, 1950, 1951. Many bibliographies anddocuments in mimeographed form on the planning of mental health work and societiesand other relevant topics, have been distributed to member associations and others.

13 RELATIONS 'WITH OTHER INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS: Consultative arrangementswith the UN, Unesco and WHO; founder member of CIOMS.

14 SHORT HISTORY : The World Federation for Mental Health was founded during the ThirdInternational Congress on Mental Health, London 1948, at a meeting attended bydelegates from 46 countries. It was registered in Geneva, and incorporates professionalgroups such as sociologists, educationalists, anthropologists, psychiatrists, psychologists,and others. It has held an Annual Meeting every year since its foundation (London 1948,Geneva 1949, Paris 1950, Mexico City 1951, Brussels 1952), and sponsored the FourthInternational Congress on Mental Health in Mexico City, December 1951. It has co-operated with the UN Specialized Agencies, particularly Unesco and WHO, and withinternational non-governmental organizations interested in the promotion of mentalhealth. WFMH has been represented at many international conferences and Assembliesof the UN Specialized Agencies and other organizations. With the co-operation of

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WHO, WFMH organized an international Seminar on Mental Health and InfantDevelopment, for Public Health officials throughout the world, in Chichester, U.K., inJuly 1952.

15 BIBLIOGRAPHY: Proceedings of the Third International Congress on Mental Health,London 1948—Mental Health and World Citizenship—a statement prepared for theThird International Congress on Mental Health, London 1948. Proceedings of the FourthInternational Congress on Mental Health, Mexico City 1951. Many medical, psychological,educational, etc. journals and other publications throughout the world refer to thework of the Federation.

16 COMMENTS: The Fifth International Congress on Mental Health is planned to take placein Toronto, in September 1954.

WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION (WHO)[ORGANISATION MONDIALE DE LA SANTE (OMS)]

2 ADDEESS: Headquarters: World Health Organization, Palais des Nations, Geneva,Switzerland. Telephone: 31000. Cable address: UNISANTE GENEVE. Regional Offices:Organisation Mondiale de la Saute, Bureau Regional pour PAfrique, Boite Postale 6,Brazzaville, Afrique Equatoriale franchise; Regional Office of the World Health Or-ganization for the Americas, 1501 New Hampshire Avenue N.W., Washington 6, D.C.,U.S.A.; Regional Office of the World Health Organization for the Eastern Mediterrane-an, P.O. Box 1517, Alexandria, Egypt; Regional Office of the World Health Organizationfor South-East Asia, Patiala House, Hardinge Avenue, New Delhi, India; RegionalOffice of the World Health Organization for the Western Pacific, P.O. Box 2932, Manila,Philippines; Regional Office of the World Health Organization for Europe, Palais desNations, Geneva, Switzerland. Liaison Office with the United Nations, World HealthOrganization, United Nations, East 42nd Street, New York 22, N.Y., U.S.A.

3 NATURE: Intergovernmental.

4 AIMS : The attainment by all peoples of the highest possible level of health.

5 GOVERNING BODIES: The work of WHO is carried out by the World Health Assembly,the Executive Board, six Regional Committees and the Secretariat.

(a) The World Health Assembly, composed of delegates representing Members, isthe policy-making body of WHO. The Health Assembly meets annually to determinethe policies of the Organization, to review and approve reports and activities of theExecutive Board and the Director-General, to supervise the financial policies of theOrganization and to review and approve the budget. It considers recommendationsbearing on health made by the General Assembly of the United Nations and othercompetent United Nations organs.

The Health Assembly has authority to adopt conventions or agreements, whichcome into force for each Member when accepted by it in accordance with its consti-tutional processes, and to adopt regulations concerning sanitary and quarantine re-quirements and certain other technical matters. The regulations come into force forall Members which do not reject them or submit reservations within a specified time.The Health Assembly also has authority to make recommendations to Members withrespect to any matter within the competence of the Organization.

The Health Assembly elects its officers at each annual session.The Assembly defines the geographical areas in which it is desirable to establish a

regional organization and may, with the consent of a majority of the Members situatedwithin each area, establish a regional organization to meet the special needs of sucharea. Each regional organization is an integral part of the World Health Organization

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and consists of a regional committee and a regional office. The Pan American SanitaryOrganization acts as the Regional Organization of WHO for the Americas.

(b) The Executive Board consists of 18 persons who are designated by as manyMember States elected by the Health Assembly. Its chief function is to give effect tothe decisions and policies of the Assembly. It also prepares the agenda of meetings ofthe Assembly, reviews and comments on the proposed programme and budget estimatesprepared by the Director-General, and submits to the Assembly a general programmeof work covering a specified period. In agreement with the Regional Committees, theBoard appoints the Regional Directors. The Executive Board is empowered to takeemergency measures within the functions and financial resources of the Organizationin order to deal with events requiring immediate action.

The Executive Board elects its officers annually; the membership is renewed byone-third each year. States Members elected to designate a person to serve on the Exe-cutive Board in 1952-53: Belgium, Brazil, Canada, Ceylon, Chile, Cuba, Denmark,El Salvador, France, Greece, Italy, Iran, Lebanon, Liberia, New Zealand, Pakistan,Thailand, United Kingdom.

(c) The Regional Committees are composed of representatives of the Member Statesand Associate Members in the Region concerned. Territories or groups of territorieswithin the Region, which are not responsible for the conduct of their internationalrelations and which are not Associate Members, have the right to be represented and toparticipate in Regional Committees.

The Regional Committees formulate policies governing matters of an exclusivelyregional character and advise the Director-General on international health matterswhich have wider than regional significance. They supervise the activities of the Re-gional Office and co-operate with other regional intergovernmental organizations. TheRegional Committees may recommend additional appropriations by the governments

- of the Region for regional programmes.The Directing Council of the Pan American Sanitary Organization acts as the

Regional Committee of WHO for the Americas and the Pan American SanitaryBureau acts as the Regional Office.

(d) The Secretariat comprises the Director-General, who is appointed by the HealthAssembly, and such technical and administrative staff as the Organization requires.The Director-General is ex officio Secretary of the Assembly, of the Board, of all com-missions and committees of the Organization and of conferences convened by it. Heprepares the annual Budget of the Organization, taking into account the recommend-ations of the Regional Committees, and submits it to the Executive Board and theHealth Assembly, with the financial statements. The Director-General also appointsthe staff of the Secretariat, OFFICERS: Director-General: Dr. Marcolino Gomes Candau(Brazil); Deputy Director-General: Dr. P. Dorolle; Assistant Director-General, Depart-ment of Central Technical Services: Dr. H. Gear; Assistant Director-General, Departmentof Advisory Services: Dr. V. A. Sutter; Assistant Director-General, Department of Ad-ministration and Finance: Milton P. Siegel; Director, Regional Office for Africa: Dr.F. Daubenton; Director, Regional Office for the Americas: Dr. F. L. Soper; Director,Regional Off ice for the Eastern Mediterranean: Dr. A. T. Shousha; Director, RegionalOffice for Europe: Dr. N. D. Begg; Director, Regional Office for South-East Asia:Dr. C. Mani; Director, Regional Office for the Western Pacific: Dr. I. C. Fang.

6 MEMBERS: Membership in the Organization is open to all States. Territories or groups ofterritories which are not responsible for the conduct of their international relations maybe admitted as Associate Members by the Health Assembly upon application made onbehalf of such territory or group of territories by the Member or other authority havingresponsibility for their international relations. The Members of WHO in December1952 were: Afghanistan, Albania,1 Argentina, Australia, Austria, Belgium, Bolivia,Brazil, Bulgaria,1 Burma (Union of), Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic,1 Cambodia,Canada, Ceylon, Chile, China,1 Costa Rica, Cuba, Czechoslovakia,1 Denmark, Dominican

4 'Inactive* Members.

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Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Ethiopia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece,Guatemala, Haiti, Honduras, Hungary,1 Iceland, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Ireland,Israel, Italy, Japan, Jordan (Hashemite Kingdom of), Korea, Laos, Lebanon, Liberia,Libya, Luxembourg, Mexico, Monaco, Netherlands, New Zealand, Nicaragua, Norway,Pakistan, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland,1 Portugal, Rumania,1 SaudiArabia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Thailand, Turkey, Ukrainian Soviet Socia-list Republic,1 Union of South Africa, Union of Soviet Socialist Republics,1 UnitedKingdom, United States of America, Uruguay, Venezuela, Viet-Nam, Yugoslavia.Associate Members: Morocco, Southern Rhodesia, Tunisia.

7 COMMISSIONS: The World Health Assembly, the Executive Board and the RegionalCommittees have no standing commissions.

8 FACILITIES: The mechanisms through which WHO assists governments include theconvening of expert advisory committees; the provision of expert consultants, advisers,demonstration teams; professors and teams of visiting scientists; the organization oftechnical conferences, seminars and training courses; the granting of fellowships forstudy abroad and the provision of certain supplies and equipment required for demon-stration projects.

A Tuberculosis Research Centre is maintained in Copenhagen and other researchcentres are associated with the work of WHO.

Pubh'c information services are maintained at Headquarters and in the RegionalOffices.

The Library of WHO is associated with the United Nations Library at Geneva andthe Organization maintains reference services.

WHO stimulates and co-ordinates research in public health by collecting, reviewingand publishing the information available and stimulating research directed toward ob-taining new and more effective methods for the control of disease and the promotion ofhealth. Most of this research is carried out by national institutions or laboratories, andnational health administrations co-operate in field trials of methods. Non-governmentalorganizations which have official relations with WHO may also co-operate in research.Thus many health facilities of Member States are placed at the service of the internatio-nal programme.

9 FINANCES: The Health Assembly approves annually the budget of the Organizationand determines the assessments of Members. The expenditure level approved for 1951was U.S.$6,497,401; the effective working budget for 1952 was U.S.$7,677,782 andfor 1953 U.S.$8,485,095.

10 MEETINGS: The directing bodies of WHO determine at each meeting the date and placeof their next meeting. In practice, the Health Assembly generally meets in May of eachyear; the Executive Board twice a year immediately after the Assembly and in thefollowing January; the Regional Committees, annually in the early autumn.

11 VOTING: Each Member has one vote in the Health Assembly and in the Regional Com-mittees. The Executive Board is composed of persons technically qualified in the fieldof health and does not represent governments.

12 PUBLICATIONS: See the WHO Catalogue of Publications which is published quarterly.13 RELATIONS WITH OTHER INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS: T h e relationship of W H O

to the United Nations, as a specialized agency, is defined in the Charter of the UnitedNations, the Constitution of WHO and the Agreement between the United Nationsand WHO. The Organization has agreements or informal working relations with otherspecialized agencies of the United Nations.

The working principles governing the admission of international non-governmentalorganizations into relations with WHO, as adopted by the First Health Assembly,set out the criteria to be fulfilled before a non-governmental organization becomes

1 'Inactive* Members.

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eligible, the procedure for admitting organizations into relations with WHO and theprivileges conferred by such relations. In addition, the Director-General may establish,under certain conditions, informal working relations with regional, national and inter-national non-governmental organizations.

14 SHORT HISTORY: The World Health Organization was established at the InternationalHealth Conference held in New York in 1946, where representatives of 61 nationssigned the Constitution. The Constitution was to come into force when accepted by26 States; pending its acceptance, the Conference established an Interim Commissionto prepare for the establishment of the permanent Organization and to carry on urgentwork. The Interim Commission functioned for more than two years; it continued healthservices inherited from previous international organizations and was called on to assistthe Government of Egypt in controlling an outbreak of cholera.

The Constitution of WHO came into effect on 7 April 1948. By decision of the HealthAssembly, the anniversary of that date is now observed as World Health Day, in orderto emphasize the possibilities open to all countries for achieving better health.

The permanent Organization was formally established on 1 September 1948.The general programme of work of WHO comprises two main aspects: permanent

world-wide services and assistance in the strengthening of national health administra-tions.

The former is specifically international work which is performed centrally. It in-cludes health statistics; epidemiological services; the administration of the InternationalSanitary Regulations and Conventions; publication services; technical reports to the"United Nations identifying drugs capable of producing addiction; the establishment ofinternational standards for biological substances, certain diagnostic substances, etc;the preparation of the Pharmacopoea Internationalis which sets standards of potencyand purity of drugs; the standardization of international classification practice instatistics of sickness and death; and the maintenance of a library and reference services(see 8 above).

The regional organizations, under the direction of Headquarters, have the mainresponsibility for planning and carrying out, in co-operation with governments, workto strengthen national health administrations; this work takes the form of assistance togovernments at their request. The long-term objective is a balanced national healthprogramme with emphasis on the prevention of disease and the promotion of health.Specialized health services such as those for maternal and child health, health education,nutrition, mental health, health statistics, social and occupational health and the con-trol of specific communicable diseases (e.g. tuberculosis, malaria, venereal diseases,plague, cholera and others) are designed to be integrated into the general programmein a way suited to the local needs and resources. Governments are assisted in the pro-fessional and technical education of medical and auxiliary personnel, so that eachcountry may have at least a nucleus of health workers who have acquired the necessaryskills and knowledge and can impart them to others. This work lays increasing emphasison modern public health (including preventive and social) aspects of medicine. Co-ordination and stimulation of research is undertaken in the approved health programmes.

THE WORLD MEDICAL ASSOCIATION (WMA)[ASSOCIATION MfiDICALE MONDIALE (AMM)]

ASOCIACION MEDICA MUNDIAL (AMM)

2 ADDRESS: Secretary-Genera f.Dr. L. H.Bauer, 345,46th East Street, New York 21, N.Y.,U.S.A. Cable address: WOHLMEDSEC NEW YORK. Assistant Secretaries: Asia: Dr. S. C.Sen, 1, Barakhamba Road, New Delhi, India. Telephone: 6532. Australia: Dr. J. G.Hunter, 135, McQuarie Street, Sydney, N.S.W., Australia. Europe: Dr. P. Cibrie, 60,

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boulevard de Latour-Maubourg, Paris-7e, France. Telephone: INValides 16-30. LatinAmerica: Dr. J. A. Bustamante, Malecon 61, Havana, Cuba.

3 NATURE: Non-governmental.

4 AIMS: To promote closer ties among the national medical organizations and amongthe doctors of the world; to maintain the honour and protect the interests of the medicalprofession; to study and report on the professional problems and organize an exchangeof information on matters of interest to the medical profession; to present the viewsof the medical profession to WHO, Unesco and other appropriate bodies; to worktowards world peace.

5 GOVERNING BODIES : The general control and direction of the policy and affairs of theAssociation is vested in the General Assembly which is composed of the officers of theAssociation, ex officio, the members of the Council, and delegates from the memberassociations (two delegates per member association). The General Assembly appointsthe Council, composed of the President, the President-Elect, the Treasurer, and 10members of the General Assembly. Each elected member of the Council holds officefor three years and is eligible for re-election. Members retire in rotation, OFFICERS :President: Dr. Dag Knutson (Sweden); President-Elect: Dr. Georges Krimpas (Greece);Treasurer: Dr. O. Leuch (Switzerland); Chairman of Council: Dr. P. Glorieux (Belgium);Consultant General: Dr. T. C. Routley (Canada).

6 MEMBERS: Any national or territorial medical association fully representative of themedical profession in its country or territory or of the members of the medical professionof a recognized ethnic group in its country or territory, is eligible for membership.In 1951, member associations of 43 nations were represented at the General Assembly.

9 FINANCES: Members annual dues.

10 MEETINGS: The General Assembly meets annually in a different country, if possible,each year. The Council meets at least twice a year.

11 VOTING: All members of the General Assembly are entitled to vote. Each delegate hasone vote.

12 PUBLICATIONS : World Medical Association Bulletin (English, French, Spanish).

13 RELATIONS WITH OTHER INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS: Relations with WHO andUnesco; founder member of CIOMS. Liaison with numerous scientific, administrativeand governmental organizations of various countries.

14 SHORT HISTORY: The Association held its first Annual Meeting in September 1947,under the presidency of Prof. Eugene Marquis (France). General Assemblies have sincebeen held at Geneva 1948, London 1949, New York 1950, Stockholm 1951, Athens 1952.

16 COMMENTS: The Seventh General Assembly will take place this year in Amsterdam,and the Eighth in Rome in 1954.

The WMA is sponsoring the First World Conference on Medical Education in London24-29 August 1953, in collaboration with WHO, CIOMS and the International Asso-ciation of Universities.

WORLD UNION OF SOCIETIESFOR THE| HISTORY OF PHARMACY

[UNION MONDIALE DES SOCI£TES D'HISTOIRE PHARMACEUTIQUE (UMHP)]

2 ADDRESS: C/O Dr. P. H. Brans, Permanent Secretary, Heemraadssingel 122, RotterdamC, Netherlands. Telephone: 30755.

3 NATURE: Non-governmental.

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4 AIMS: TO bring together all pharmacists interested in the history of pharmacy and be-longing to national history of pharmacy societies.

5 OFFICERS: President: Dr. M. Bouvet (France, 1955); Vice-Presidents: Prof. Dr. G.Urdang (U.S.A., 1955), Prof. Dr. D. Rafael Folch y Andreu (Spain, 1955); Secretary:Dr. P. H. Brans (Netherlands, permanent term); Treasurer: Dr. D. A. Wittop Koning(Netherlands, 1958).

6 MEMBERS: The following Societies who have a total membership of 1,750 are members:American Institute of the History of Pharmacy, Cercle Benelux d'Histoire de la Pharmacie,Sociedad Espanola de Historia de la Farmacia, Societe Francaise d'Histoire de la Phar-macie. There are no individual members.

9 FINANCES : Contributions of the affiliated societies.

10 MEETINGS: Every three years.

11 VOTING: By society in the General Assembly.

13 RELATIONS WITH OTHER INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS: The Union forms a Sectionof the International Union of the History of Science.

14 SHORT HISTORY: Founded on 31 May 1952 on the initiative of Prof. Dr. G. Urdang(U.S.A.), Dr. P. H. Brans (Netherlands) and Dr. D. A. Wittop Koning (Netherlands).

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REGIONAL ORGANIZATIONS

AMERICAN HOSPITAL ASSOCIATION[ASSOCIATION AMERICAINE DES H6PITAUX]

2 ADDRESS: 18, East Division Street, Chicago 10, 111., U.S.A.

3 NATURE: Non-governmental.

4 AIMS : To promote the public welfare through the development of better hospital carefor all of the people. To further this object, the Association encourages professionaleducation and scientific research, aids in the health education of the public, co-operateswith other organizations having a similar object, and does whatever may best promotehospital and out-patient service efficiency.

5 GOVERNING BODIES : House of Delegates, representing all members. The executive powersare vested in the Board of Trustees, which administers its property, funds and policies.

6 MEMBERS: Hospitals in Canada and United States of America, and territories. About5,800 member hospitals and related health organizations and 4,000 individual members.

7 COMMISSIONS: Councils on Administrative Practice, Professional Practice, HospitalPlanning and Plant Operation, Association Services, Government Relations, Blue CrossCommission, Prepayment Plans and Hospital Reimbursement, Committee on Women'sHospital Auxiliaries.

8 FACILITIES : Library of the American Hospital Association. The Asa S. Bacon Memorial,a comprehensive collection of printed literature on all phases of hospital administration.

9 FINANCES : The Association is supported by institutional and personal membership feesaccording to Patient Census. Active Institutional: Minimum, U.S.$45; Maximum,$600. Association Institutional: $30 and $60. Personal: $7.50. Subscription other thanin Canada and U.S.A.: $45.

10 MEETINGS : Annual Convention, usually held in September.

12 PUBLICATIONS: Hospitals, official journal of the American Hospital Association,U.S.$2 to members, $3 to non-members. Trustee, monthly, official journal of theAmerican Hospital Association for members of hospital governing boards, $2 to mem-bers, $3 to non-members; Administrators Guide Issue, Part II of June issue of Hospitals,complete information on number of beds, employees and patients, extent of financing,type of sponsorship, expenditures, plant evaluation, etc. More than 200 manuals andpublications.

14 SHORT HISTORY: The Association was founded on 12 September 1899. Its Fifty-fourthConvention was held in Philadelphia, Pa., 15-18 September 1952.

AMERICAN PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOCIATION (APHA)[ASSOCIATION AMERICAINE D E SANTE PTJBLIQUE]

LA ASOCIACLDN AMERICANA DE SALUD PUBLICA

2 ADDRESS: 1790, Broadway, New York 19, N.Y., U.S.A. Telephone: Circle 5-8000.

3 NATURE: Non-governmental.

4 AIMS: TO serve in those countries in which there are members, as the professionalsociety for the public health profession. The APHA prepares recommendations and

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guides on organization and administration of health departments, as well as standardprocedures for public health laboratory techniques and control of communicable dis-eases. The monthly journal serves as a clearing-house for discussion of new activities,programmes, theories and practices. The Annual Meeting brings together health ex-perts from the U.S.A. and other parts of the world for discussion of current develop-ments and problems.

5 GOVERNING BODIES: The Governing Council comprises approximately 117 members ofwhom 30 are elected (10 each year) from the Fellows, 39 are officers of the 13 Sections,8 are officers of the Association, and the remaining are representatives (one each) fromaffiliated societies. The Governing Council establishes broad policies, amends the eon-stitution and by-laws, and authorizes statements in the name of the Association. TheExecutive Board consists of the President, President-Elect, Treasurer and six electedmembers. It is responsible, under policies of the Governing Council, for administrativeand fiscal affairs. It serves for the Governing Council in certain delegated responsibilitiesbetween annual meetings of the Council, OFFICERS: President: Gaylord W. Anderson,M.D. (U.S.A.); President-Elect: Wilton L. Halverson, M.D. (U.S.A.); Treasurer:Charles Glen King, Ph.D. (U.S.A.); Chairman of Executive Board: Hugh R. Leavell,M.D. (U.S.A.); Vice-Presidents: Walter L. Bierring, M.D. (U.S.A.), Mac H. McCrady(Canada), Hernan Romero, M.D. (Chile); Executive Secretary: Reginald M. Atwater,M.D. (U.S.A.).

6 MEMBERS: Fellows 2,619, Members 10,161, Honorary Fellows 29, Sustaining Members51, Affiliated Societies 32, making a total of 12,892 in Canada, Cuba, Mexico, PuertoRico, United States of America.

7 COMMISSIONS : About half of the Association's income consists of grants directed towardspecific activities, among which are the following: Professional Examination Service:Director: L. D. Long, Ph.D. (U.S.A.); Sub-Committee on Medical Care: Chairman:Dean A. Clark, M.D. (U.S.A.); Sub-Committee on Laboratory Research on Pertussis:Chairman: Pearl L. Kendrick, Sc.D. (U.S.A.); Committee on Child Health: Chairman:Samuel M. Wishik, M.D. (U.S.A.); Sub-Committee on the Hygiene of Housing: Chairman:Dr. P. H. Winslow (U.S.A.). In addition the Association has three Standing Committees:Committee on Administrative Practice: Chairman: Ira V. Hiscock, Sc.D. (U.S.A.);Committee on Professional Education: Chairman: Leroy E. Burney, M.D. (U.S.A.);Committee on Research and Standards: Chairman: William McD. Hammon, M.D.(U.S.A.).

9 FINANCES: The total expenditures for the past 3 years were: 1949, U.S.I$461,096;1950, U.S.$508,704; 1951, U.S.$497,877. Budget for 1952: U.S.$498,117; somewhatless than one-half of each year's expenditure is accounted for by special grants.

10 MEETINGS: Annual Meeting. The Governing Council meets twice during this AnnualMeeting. The Executive Board also meets twice during the Meeting and betweenMeetings as necessary, usually two or three times.

11 VOTING: Voting is by individuals.

12 PUBLICATIONS: American Journal of Public Health, monthly, distributed to all membersand Fellows. Various volumes and reports are now published in English. Permissionfor the translation and publication of two current publications has been granted: TheControl of Communicable Disease in Man (Portuguese, Spanish); Standard Methodsfor the Examination of Water and Sewage (German, Italian).

13 RELATIONS WITH OTHER INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS: Co-operative relations withthe UN and its agencies.

14 SHORT HISTOHY: The Association was founded in 1872.

16 COMMENTS: The next Annual Meeting will take place in New York City from 8 to 13November 1953.

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ASSOCIATION OF FRENCH-SPEAKING PAEDIATRICIANS

[ASSOCIATION DES PEDIATRES DE LANGUE FRANCAISE]

2 ADDRESS: 32, avenue d'Auderghem, Brussels, Belgium. Telephone: 33 62 71.

3 NATURE : Non-governmental.

4 AIMS: The Association organizes periodic meetings, and holds a Congress of French-Speaking Paediatricians every two years.

5 GOVERNING BODIES: The Association is managed by a Council of 11 members. TheCongress is organized by a Committee of five members, OFFICERS: President: Proi.Dubois (Belgium); General Secretary: Dr. L. De Leener (Belgium); Assistant Secre-taries: Dr. R. Capelle, Dr. R. Van Geffel; Treasurer: Dr. J. Perier.

6 MEMBERS: About 600 titular and 250 participant members in: Belgium, Canada,France, Italy, Lebanon, Morocco, Portugal, Spain, Switzerland, Tunisia, United Statesof America.

9 FINANCES: Members subscriptions, covering the contribution of titular members tothe Congress. Participant members pay a registration fee. The Association puts a sum,at present 600,000 Fr.fr., at the disposal of the organizers of the Congress.

10 MEETINGS: Congress every two years.

11 VOTING: Secret ballot for the election of members to the Council.

12 PUBLICATIONS: Rapports et Communications au Congres.

14 SHORT HISTORY: The Association was founded in 1910 and has since organized 14 Con-gresses. Recent Congresses have been held in Lyon 1947, Paris 1949, Algiers 1951,and Brussels, 13-15 May 1953. The subjects discussed at Brussels were: (a) Anoxy;(b) the Use of Potassium in Paediatrics; (c) Prognosis of Tubercular Meningitis treatedby Streptomycin.

15 BIBLIOGRAPHY: Bulletins des Societes de Pediatrie de Langue Francaise.

ASSOCIATION OF NATIONAL EUROPEANAND MEDITERRANEAN SOCIETIES

OF GASTRO-ENTEROLOGY (ASNEMGE)[ASSOCIATION DES SOCIETES NATIONALES EUROPEENNES ET MEDITERRANEENNES

DE GASTRO-ENTEROLOGIE (ASNEMGE)]

2 ADDRESS: Permanent Administrative Secretarial: Dr. Georges Brohee, 64, rue de laConcorde, Brussels, Belgium. Secretariat of the lVlh Congress, Paris 1954: Dr. AndreBusson, 63 bis, rue de Varenne, Paris-7e, France. Telephone: INValides 79-13.

3 NATURE: Non-governmental.

4 AIMS: TO enable gastro-enterologists from neighbouring countries to exchangeideas, and to disseminate the knowledge acquired by each particular group, therebyfacilitating the work of the world congresses.

5 GOVERNING BODIES: The Society of Gastro-Enterology of the country in which thetwo-yearly Congress is to be held is responsible for organizing the meeting and providesthe Officers, OFFICERS: (1952-54): The officers of the Societe Nationale Franc,aisede Gastro-Enterologie.

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6 MEMBERS : National Societies of Gastro-Enterology and branches of national medicalsocieties dealing specially with gastro-enterology in the following countries are exofficio members: Albania, Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, Egypt,Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iran, Iraq, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Jordan(Hashemite Kingdom of), Lebanon, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Rumania,Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Turkey, Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, UnitedKingdom, Yugoslavia.

9 FINANCES: A special Congress fee is paid only by members actually attending themeeting. A different fee is paid by members, whether present at the meeting or not,who wish to receive all the Congress's reports and communications.

10 MEETINGS: Unless otherwise decided, there will be a meeting every two years.

11 VOTING: By country.

12 PUBLICATIONS: Reports and communications published by the Society responsiblefor the organization of the meeting.

14 SHORT HISTORY: It was decided to establish the Association at the plenary meetingof national delegates to the First European Congress of National Gastro-EnterologicalSocieties, held at Lausanne from 23 to 25 July 1948. The Second Congress was heldat Madrid in 1950 where a permanent administrative secretariat was created. TheThird Congress took place at Bologna and Montecatini in 1952, and the Fourth Con-gress will take place in Paris, in 1954, organized by the Societe Nationale Frangaisede Gastro-Enterologie.

CONGRESS OF ALIENISTS AND NEUROLOGISTSOF FRANCE AND FRENCH-SPEAKING COUNTRIES1

[CONGRES DES MEDECINS ALIENISTES ET NEUROLOGISTES DE FRANCEET DES PAYS DE LANGUE FRANCAISE]

2 ADDRESS: Seat: 12, rue de Seine, Paris-6e, France. Secretariat: c/o Dr. Paul Cossa,Secretary-General, 29, boulevard Victor-Hugo, Nice (Alpes-Maritimes), France.Telephone: 802-58.

3 NATURE: Non-governmental.

4 AIMS: Organization of an annual Congress limited to French-speaking alienists andneurologists. This Congress is held mostly in France, and once every three or fouryears in another French-speaking country. It chooses each time: (a) a question inpsychiatry; (b) a problem in neurology; (c) a problem in legal medicine. Each of thesequestions, announced a year in advance, is the object of a paper and a discussion.Reports on various questions in neurology and psychiatry are also submitted.

5 GOVERNING BODIES: Administrative Council. OFFICERS: President: Prof. Barre (France,1952); Vice-President: Dr. Laugier (France, 1952); Secretary-General: Dr. Paul Cossa(France, permanent); Treasurer: Dr. Charon (France); Members: Dr. Abeley (France),Dr. Bersot (Switzerland), Dr. Charon (France), Dr. Garcin (France), Dr. Regis (France),Dr. Vignaud (France).

6 MEMBERS: The Association is composed of two members of honour, 17 life members,321 titular members. Each year about 150 new members join the organization.

9 FINANCES: About 1,000,000 Fr.fr. Members subscriptions, proceeds from rentalof stands for the exhibition of pharmaceutical products during each Congress, incomefrom the sale of proceedings.

1 No official title in English.

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10 MEETINGS: Annual meeting.

11 VOTING: By individual ballot at the annual General Assembly.

12 PUBLICATIONS: Compte-Rendus des Congres, Masson et Cie, Paris.

14 SHORT HISTORY: The Congress was founded 60 years ago, with more or less irregularly-held meetings. In 1931, under the initiative of Dr. Charpentier, the Congress becamean Association and was recognized of public utility by decree on 23 August 1932.Since then Congresses have been held regularly except during World War II. The lastCongress was held in Luxembourg, 21-28 July 1952.

16 COMMENTS: The next Congress will probably be held in Pau, France.

EUROPEAN ASSOCIATION AGAINST POLIOMYELITIS[ASSOCIATION EUROPfiENNE CONTRE LA POUOMYfiLITE]

2 ADDRESS: 130, rue de Linthout, Brussels, Belgium. Telephone: 34 01 66.

3 NATURE: Non-governmental.

4 AIMS: The object of the Association is to contribute to the study of all problemsarising from poliomyelitis and especially those relating to its prevention and treat-ment; its aim is also to promote collaboration on an international level with all orga-nizations having the same objectives.

5 GOVERNING BODIES: Permanent Committee consisting of at least 6 people and at most11 people, OFFICERS (terms expire 1955): Chairman: Prof. P. Lepine (France);Vice-Chairmen: Prof. H. C. A. Lassen (Denmark), Prof. Vollenweider (Switzerland),Dr. W. H. Bradley (U.K.), Dr. G. D. Hemmes (Netherlands); Secretary-General: Dr.P. Recht (Belgium).

6 MEMBERS: Organizations, public services, and individuals in the following countries:Austria, Belgium, Denmark, France, Germany, Iceland, Luxembourg, Netherlands,Norway, Sweden, Switzerland, United Kingdom.

9 FINANCES: Members subscriptions.

10 MEETINGS: A Statutory General Assembly and a meeting of the Standing Committeeonce a year.

11 VOTING: By Association or by individual ballot in the case of individual members,except that there is only one vote by country.

13 RELATIONS WITH OTHER INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS: Liaison relations with WHO.

14 SHORT HISTORY : The European Association against Poliomyelitis has been founded asa result of the European Conferences against Poliomyelitis held in Brussels in 1948,in Paris in 1949, and in Amsterdam in 1950. The First Statutory General Assemblywas held on 25 October 1952. The Second Assembly was held in Copenhagen inApril 1953. The Association is planning the publication of a six-monthly bulletin inEnglish and French, which would put at the disposal of members of the Associationbibliographical references and summaries of scientific articles published throughoutthe world on poliomyelitis. A Commission composed of Prof. Lepine, Prof. Vollen-weider, Dr. Bradley, Prof. Lassen and Prof. Pette has been studying the problem.

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EUROPEAN LEAGUE AGAINST RHEUMATISM[LIGUE EUROPEENNE CONTRE LE RHUMATISME]

2 ADDRESS: C/O the Secretary-General, Prof. Dr. Gunnar Edstrom, University Hospital,Lund, Sweden. Telephone: 17600.

3 NATURE: Non-governmental.

4 AIMS: To co-ordinate research, treatment and social aims in the field of rheumaticdiseases, initiated by scientific and social organizations in the member countries ofthe League.

5 GOVERNING BODIES : The supreme authority of the League is the Council, which electsthe President of the League and two Vice-Presidents. The President is appointed fortwo years and is not eligible for re-election. The Officers consist of the President of theEuropean League and former President, the two Vice-Presidents and members of theGeneral Secretariat, in addition to the President and Secretary-Treasurer of theInternational League against Rheumatism, OFFICERS : President: Dr. M. Ferond(Belgium); Vice-Presidents: Dr. P. Barcelo (Spain), Dr. P. Goslings (Netherlands);Past President: Dr. W. S. C. Copemann (U.K.); Secretary-General: Prof. Dr. GunnarEdstrom (Sweden); Assistant Secretary-General: Dr. L. Michotte (Belgium); Secretary-Treasurer: Dr. K. Kalbak (Denmark).

6 MEMBERS: Each member country elects and delegates one representative and onedeputy representative to the League. They are appointed for a term of four years andare eligible for immediate re-election. The following countries have appointed delegatesto the League: Austria, Belgium, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, Egypt, Finland, France,German Federal Republic, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal,Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, United Kingdom, Yugoslavia.

9 FINANCES : Annual subscription of £25 from each member country. One quarter of thetotal subscription is paid to the International League against Rheumatism.

10 MEETINGS: The Council meets at least once every two years.

12 PUBLICATIONS: The Association has concluded an arrangement with the Annals of theRheumatic Diseases, B.M.A. House, Tavistock Square, London, W.C.I, U.K., andthis review serves as the official organ of the League.

13 RELATIONS WITH OTHER INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS: The European League againstRheumatism is a section of the International League against Rheumatism.

14 SHORT HISTORY: Recent Congresses have been held at Copenhagen in 1947, and Bar-celona in 1951.

EUROPEAN SOCIETY OF CARDIOLOGY[SOCIETE EUROPEENNE DE CARDIOLOGIE]

2 ADDRESS: 80, rue Mercelis, Brussels, Belgium. Telephone: 47 53 54.

3 NATURE: Non-governmental.

4 ATMS; To bring together all the European Societies of Cardiology; to contribute towardsthe development of cardiology; to promote scientific collaboration and to facilitatepersonal contacts.

5 GOVERNING BODIES : The administration of the Society is entrusted to (a) the GeneralAssembly; (b) a Council consisting of an Honorary President, a President, two Vice-

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Presidents, a Secretary and a Treasurer, OFFICERS: Honorary President: Prof. CharlesLaubry (France); President: Prof. Gustav Nylin (Sweden); Vice-Presidents: Dr. EvanBedford (U.K.), Prof. Jean Lenegre (France); Secretary: Dr. Francois Van Dooren(Belgium); Treasurer: Dr. Ivan Mahaim (Switzerland).

6 MEMBERS: European Societies of Cardiology accepted by the General Assembly;cardiologists from countries not having a National Society of Cardiology may applyfor membership in the European Society through the Council which decides thematter.

9 FINANCES: The Council of the Society has authority to seek financial assistance tocover the expenses of current activities, the organization of scientific meetings, etc.

10 MEETINGS: The General Assembly meets at least once every two years; in principle,the Council organizes a Congress every two years.

14 SHORT HISTORY: The Society was established in Brussels on 29 January 1949 by therepresentatives of 14 European countries: Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France,Greece, Italy, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, UnitedKingdom, Yugoslavia. Its last Congress was held in London in 1952.

INTER-AMERICAN HOSPITAL ASSOCIATION[ASSOCIATION INTERAMERICAINE DES HO"PITAUX]

2 ADDRESS: 1501, New Hampshire Avenue, N.W., Washington 6, D.C.,U.S.A. Telephone:Hudson 5280.

3 NATURE: Non-governmental.

4 AIMS : To stimulate and maintain a close association among the hospital people of theAmerican continents.

5 GOVERNING BODIES: Board of Directors, consisting of the officers and 12 additionalmembers representing the various regions of the Americas, OFFICERS: President:Dr. G'uillermo Almenara (Peru); First Vice-President: Prof. James A. Hamilton(U.S.A.); Second Vice-President: Dr. Antonio Pena Chavarria (Costa Rica); Secretary:Dr. Ignacio Gonzalez Ginouves (Chile); Treasurer: Fred McNamara (U.S.A.); AssistantTreasurer: Dr. Federico Gomez (Mexico).

6 MEMBERS: In all of the 21 American Republics: founding, contributing, active institu-tional, active personal, or associate members.

9 FINANCES: Philanthropic organizations and individuals donating U.S.$200 becomesponsors; those donating $1,000 become benefactors; hospital and related institutionsmay become active institutional members, paying $20 annual dues; persons activelyengaged in the hospital or allied fields may become active personal members on paymentof $5 in annual dues. Associate membership is open to individuals not eligible foractive personal membership on payment of $10 annually.

10 MEETINGS: Annually or biennially.

11 VOTING: Individual.

13 RELATIONS WITH OTHER INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS: Close relationship with thePan American Sanitary Organization.

14 SHORT HISTORY: Founded in 1941 at the Atlantic City Convention of the AmericanHospital Association.

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LATIN AMERICAN UNION OF SOCIETIESOF PHTHISIOLOGY

[UNION LATINO-AMERICAINE DES SOCIETES DE PHTISIOLOGIE]

UNI(FN LATINO.AMERICANA DE SOCIEDADES DE TISIOLOGIA (ULAST)

2 ADDRESS: 26 de Marzo 1065, Montevideo, Uruguay. Telephone: 411660.

3 NATURE: Non-governmental.

4 AIMS: TO group all Societies of Phthisiology in the Latin American countries. Toorganize regularly Pan American Congresses on Tuberculosis.

5 GOVERNING BODIES : Executive Committee including the President of each local membercommittee; Council, OFFICERS: President: Prof. Jos6 Ignacio Baldo (Venezuela, 1953);Secretary-General: Prof. Fernando D. Gomez (Uruguay).

6 MEMBERS : Phthisiological Societies of countries of South America, Mexico, Cuba, aswell as the Central American Society of Phthisiology, by reason of three delegatesfrom each Society.

7 COMMISSIONS: BCG Committee. Affiliations Committee.

9 FINANCES: Each local committee pays U.S.flO per delegate.

10 MEETINGS: International Congress every two years; the Executive Committee andthe Council meet during the Congresses.

11 VOTING: The delegation of each country has one vote.

14 SHORT HISTORY: The ULAST was founded on 12 October 1933. It has organized thefollowing Congresses: the Third Pan American Congress on Tuberculosis, Uruguay1934; the fourth in Chile in 1937; the fifth in Argentina in 1940; the sixth in Cubain 1945; the seventh in Peru in 1947; the eighth in Mexico in 1949; the ninth in Ecuadorin 1951.

15 BIBLIOGRAPHY: Revista de Tuberculosis del Uruguay. Hoja Tisiologica, publishedquarterly, since 1940, Casilla de Correo 2605, Zona 2, Montevideo, Uruguay.

16 COMMENTS: The Tenth Congress will take place in Caracas in December 1953.

PAN AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF OPHTHALMOLOGY[ASSOCIATION PANAMERICAINE D'OPHTALMOLOGIE]

ASSOCIACION PANAMERICANA DE OFTALMOLOG1A

2 ADDRESS: Secretary-Treasurer, North of Panama: Dr. Thomas D. Allen, 575, LincolnStreet, Winnetka, 111., U.S.A. Telephone: Harrison 7-2757. Cable address: OPHTHALMOSCHICAGO. Secretary-Treasurer, South of Panama: Dr. George Balza, Belgrano 1675,Buenos Aires, Argentina. Secretary-General, Fifth Pan American Congress of Ophthal-mology (1956): Dr. Rene Contardo Astaburuaga, Huerfanos 930-0f.74, Santiago,Chile. Telephone: 32981.

3 NATURE: Non-governmental.

4 AIMS: (a) To foster the progress of Ophthalmology and related Sciences; (b) to establishcontacts of social and scientific character among the Ophthalmologists of the WesternHemisphere; (c) to maintain the highest state of ethics among its members; (d) toinstitute and to promote among the nations and the peoples of the Western Hemispheremeasures to conserve eyesight and to prevent blindness. To achieve these objectives

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the Association shall: (a) hold Pan American Congresses of Ophthalmology in differentcities of the Western Hemisphere; (b) create and maintain a Pan American Federationof Societies of Ophthalmology; (c) maintain a Committee of Public Relations whichshall keep in contact with the Ophthalmological Press of the world; (d) encourage thepublication of a periodical review, or reviews, which shall be the official organ, ororgans, of the Association; (e) create a Board of Censors which shall make recommend-ations to the Council of the Association regarding rules of professional conduct andpersonal publicity; (f) create and maintain the committees necessary for the develop-ment of the activities of the Association.

5 GOVERNING BODIES: The General Assembly of Members; the Executive Committee of theAssociation; the Pan American Council of Ophthalmology; the Pan American Federationof Societies of Ophthalmology; the Bureau of Professors of Ophthalmology. OFFICERS:President: Dr. Moacyr E. Alvaro (Brazil); Honorary Presidents: Dr. A. VasquezBarriere (Uruguay), Dr. Tomas Yanes (Cuba), Dr. Antonio Torres Estrada (Mexico);Past-President: Dr. Conrad Berens (U.S.A.); Secretary-Treasurers: Dr. Thomas D.Allen (U.S.A.), Dr. George Balza (Argentina); Assistant Secretary-Treasurers: Dr.James Allen, Dr. Alcides del Ciello, Dr. Rene Contardo, Dr. F. Palomino Dena, Dr.Alfred Elliott, Dr. Ricardo Fernandez, Dr. Alfonso Gaitan Nieto, Dr. Pedro F. GarciaNocito, Dr. Oscar Horstmann, Dr. J. Matthews, Dr. Edward Maumenee, Dr. EdwardMcKay, Dr. Wesley McKinney, Dr. Brittain F. Payne, Dr. Daniel Suydacker, Dr.Renato de Toledo. The President and the Vice-Presidents are elected for the periodbetween the end of one Congress and the end of the following Congress. The twoGeneral Secretary-Treasurers are elected for a term of 16 calendar years and the AssistantSecretary-Treasurers are elected to serve until the end of the succeeding Congress.

6 MEMBERS: 1,250 ophthalmological physicians of the 21 American countries. Thereare four classes of membership: regular, senior, associate and honorary.

9 FINANCES: Annual membership dues. The Pan American Congress of Ophthalmologyis financed by the inscription fees of the members, a contribution from the Pan Ame-rican Association, a contribution from the Government of the country where theCongress is held, net proceeds from the Technical Exhibits and voluntary contributionsfrom private persons.

10 MEETINGS: The Pan American Congresses of Ophthalmology take place approximatelyevery four years.

12 PUBLICATIONS: Ophthalmologia Ibero Americana, monthly (English, Portuguese,Spanish), Consolacao 1151, Sao Paulo, Brazil.

13 RELATIONS WITH OTHER INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS: Relations with the Inter-national Council of Ophthalmology.

14 SHORT HISTORY: A permanent organization of ophthalmologists and ophthalmologicalsocieties of the Western Hemisphere founded in October 1940. The need for such anorganization arose when the outbreak of World War II terminated the periodicalmeetings of the International Congress of Ophthalmology which had been held everyfour years since 1857, with the exception of the period from 1914 to 1929 when nomeetings were held. In view of the length of time which had elapsed after World War Iuntil regular international congresses were again organized, it was thought advisableto continue the meetings on a regional basis in the Americas.

The First Pan American Congress of Ophthalmology was held in Cleveland, U.S.A.,in October 1940. The second in Montevideo in November 1945. The third in Havanain January 1948 and the fourth in Mexico City in January 1952.

The founder of the Pan American Association of Ophthalmology was Dr. HarryS. Gradle who was afterwards, and until his death in 1952, its Honorary President-Founder.

15 BIBLIOGRAPHY: Proceedings of the Congresses of 1940, 1945, 1948 and 1952.

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16 COMMENTS : The Fifth Pan American Congress of Ophthalmology will be held in Santiago,Chile in February 1956. The scientific programme will include discussions on: glaucoma,strabismus, tumors of the eye, systemic diseases, detachment of the retina, crystallinelens, vernal conjunctivitis, plastic surgery, neuro-ophthalmology, psychosomaticophthalmology, etc. Local Organizing Committee: President: Dr. Cristobal Espfldora,Santa Lucia 234, Santiago; Vice-President: Dr. Santiago Barranechea, Agustinas715, Of. 104, Santiago; Secretary-General: Dr. Ren6 Contardo Astaburuaga, Huerfanos930, Of. 74, Santiago.

PAN AMERICAN HOMEOPATHIC MEDICALCONGRESS (PAHMC)

[CONGRES PANAMERICAIN D'HOMEOPATHIE]1

CONGRESIO MEDICO HOMEOPATICO PANAMERICANO

CONGRESO MEDICINA HOMEOPATICA PANAMERICANO

2 ADDRESS: International Director for the United States and Canada: Dr. Raymond E.Seidel, 1801, Porter Street, Philadelphia 45, Pa., U.S.A. Telephone: DEwey 4-0706.International Director for Mexico, Central America and the Antilles: Dr. L. R. SalinasRamos, Independencia 59-C, Mexico, D.F., Mexico. International Director for SouthAmerica: Dr. Amaro Azevedo, Caixa Postal 1311, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

3 NATURE: Non-governmental.

4 AIMS : To group interests of all Homeopathic Institutions in the Western Hemisphere;promote Homeopathy, homeopathic education and fraternity among all regularphysicians who specialize in homeopathic therapeutics and to provide an organizationthrough which matters of mutual interest can be brought to the attention of all homeo-pathic institutions with the purpose of amalgamation, standardization and uniformityof action.

5 OFFICERS: President: Dr. Paiva Ramos (Brazil); Vice-President: Dr. R. C. BowiefU.S.A.); Executive Secretary: Dr. Paul S. Schantz (U.S.A.); Secretary-Treasurer forU.S.A. and Canada: Dr. H. O. Skinner (U.S.A.).

6 MEMBERS: 363 Component Organizations including Laymens' Leagues, HomeopathicInstitutions and Organizations in all the American Republics.

9 FINANCES: Members dues and assessments.

10 MEETINGS: Annual Congress.

12 PUBLICATIONS: Journal of the American Institute of Homeopathy, Philadelphia, Pa.,Hahnemannian Monthly, West Pittston, Pa., The Bulletin, East Cleveland, Ohio.Pacific Coast Bulletin, Glendale, Calif. Homeopathic Recorder, Brattleboro, Vermont.The Layman Speaks, Needham, Mass. Journal of the British Homeopathic Association,London, U.K. A Voz da Homeopatica, Rio de Janeiro. Bolelim de Homeopatica, Rio deJaneiro. Medicina Mexicana, Mexico City, D.F. Homeopatia, Buenos Aires. Divul-gacion de la Homeopatia, Santiago de Chile.

14 SHORT HISTORY: The organization was founded on 20 October 1930 in St. Petersburg,Florida, U.S.A. The First Pan American Homeopathic Medical Congress was inaugur-ated with representatives from Argentina, Brazil, British West Indies, Canada, Chile,Costa Rica, Mexico, Nicaragua, and the United States of America. The last two Con-gresses were held jointly with the Southern Homeopathic Medical Association, inOctober 1951 at Memphis, Tennessee and October 1952 at Miami Beach, Florida.

> No official title in French.

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PAN AMEjRICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION,[ASSOCIATION MEDICALE PANAMERICAINE]

2 ADDRESS: 745, Fifth Avenue, New York 22, N.Y., U.S.A. Telephone: ELdorado 5-7111.Cable address: PANAMED NEW YORK.

3 NATURE: Non-governmental.

4 AIMS : (a) To promote closer relations and better understanding among physicians andsurgeons of the Western Hemisphere; (b) to extend courtesies and to show hospitalityand attention to representative members of the medical profession in the cities wherechapters of the Association may be located; (c) each year to grant scholarships of oneor two years duration to one graduate physician or surgeon from each of the 22 coun-tries of the Western Hemisphere, where reciprocal courtesies are extended, with aninterchanging of scholarships between the countries, using the facilities of the variousscientific institutions in North, Central and South America; (d) to form post-graduatemedical teaching centres in various countries in the Western Hemisphere, and to formor acquire a hospital or hospitals and a clinic or clinics; (e) to take such other steps,involving no political policy and advancing medical knowledge in, and developingfriendship among, the various countries of the Western Hemisphere as the Associationmay deem wise, such as but not limited by: (1) the interchange of physicians andsurgeons between such countries for the purpose of presenting medical courses; (2) theorganization and holding of Pan American Medical Congresses; and (3) the establish-ment, or sponsoring of the establishment by some other designated party, of a Journalof the Association.

5 GOVERNING BODIES : General Assembly; Medical Congress; Board of Trustees; ExecutiveCommittee; Board of Regional Administrators; Board of Censors and Discipline, OFFI-CERS: President: Dr. Jose Arce (Argentina); Executive Director: Dr. Joseph JordanEller (U.S.A.); Executive Secretaries: Dr. Chevalier L. Jackson (U.S.A.), Dr. John Duff(U.S.A.), Dr. Julio F. Schutte (Cuba); Treasurer: Dr. Edwin A. Griffin (U.S.A.);Secretaries: Dr. Juan Negrin, Jr. (U.S.A.), Dr. Jose Castro Palomino (Cuba), Dr.William D. Eller (U.S.A.), Dr. Victorino Marquez (Venezuela).

6 MEMBERS: Active, honorary and associate membership in all 21 American Republicsand in Canada.

7 COMMISSIONS: North American Sections and their Presidents: General Surgery: Dr.Gerald H. Pratt. Internal Medicine: Dr. Norton Sager Brown. Gynaecology and Ob-stetrics: Dr. Locke L. Mackenzie. Urology: Dr. George W. Slaughter. Neoplastic Dis-eases: Dr. Douglas A. Quick. Paediatrics: Dr. Rudolph D. Moffett. Neurosurgery:Dr. Juan Negrin, Jr. Neuropsychiatry: Dr. S. Bernard Wortis. Orthopaedic Surgery:Dr. Henry H. Kessler. Cardiovascular Diseases: Dr. Louis F. Bishop. Gastroenterology:Dr. Russell S. Boles. Pulmonary Diseases: Dr. James S. Edlin. Thoracic Surgery:Dr. Herbert C. Maier. Ophthalmology: Dr. Conrad Berens. Proctology: Dr. Harry E.Bacon. Physical Medicine: Dr. George G. Deaver. Roentgenography: Dr. Henry K.Taylor. Anaesthesiology; Dr. Lewis S. Booth. Dermatology: Dr. Joseph J. Eller.Oto-Rhino-Laryngology: Dr. Edwin A. Griffin. Broncho-Oesophagology: Dr. ChevalierL. Jackson. Tropical Medicine: Dr. B. H. Kean. Endocrinology: Dr. William H.Perloff. Allergy: Dr. Will Cook Spain. Rheumatic and Arthritic Disorders: Dr. OttoSteinbrocker. Diabetes: Dr. Benjamin I. Ashe. Plastic Surgery: Dr. Herbert Conway.Industrial Medicine: Dr. Anthony J. Lanza. Industrial and Traumatic Surgery: Dr.Walter D. Ludlum. Pathology: Dr. Sigmund L. Wilens. Oral Surgery: Dr. Frederick F.Pfeiffer. Dentistry: Dr. Joseph L. Riesner. Forensic Medicine: Dr. Thomas A. Gonzales.Medical Jurisprudence: Dr. Carl G. Candiloro. Hospitals: Dr. Lucius R. Wilson.Medical Education and Public Health: Dean George A. Bennett.

8 FACILITIES: Information service of executive offices.

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9 FINANCES: Annual dues of active and associate members.

10 MEETINGS: International meetings on an average every two years.

11 VOTING: Voting is by majority, with the exception that an affirmative vote to two-thirds of the Trustees present at any duly constituted meeting of the Board is requiredfor the election of honorary and associate members.

12 PUBLICATIONS: Programmes in English, Spanish and occasionally Portuguese.

14 SHORT HISTORY: The Association was founded in 1928. A Pan American MedicalAssociation was founded in 1900 and held three meetings, the last in San Franciscoin 1915. This Association was dissolved, and in 1926 a number of American physiciansorganized a new Pan American Medical Association which had no connexion with theearlier organization. For two years the new association was purely national in character,but in 1928 it held its First International Congress in Havana, Cuba, and since then hasbeen an international organization. The Eighth International Cruise-Congress to SouthAmerica and the West Indies from New York was held from 7 to 19 January 1953.

16 COMMENTS: In January 1954 there will be held another Cruise-Congress visiting coun-tries in Latin America other than those visited in 1953, with the exception of Havana,Cuba where a two-day scientific meeting will again take place.

PAN AMERICAN ODONTOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION[ASSOCIATION ODONTOLOGIQUE PANAMERICAINE]

2 ADDRESS: C/O Dr. R. H. Brodsky, 14, East 81st Street, New York 28, N.Y., U.S.A.

3 NATURE: Non-governmental.

4 AIMS: TO foster a close professional and cultural interchange between the membersof the dental profession in the United States and those of the other countries of America;to establish fellowships or scholarships, through which dentists of Latin America maytake post-graduate courses in the United States: to form roving clinics in Latin America,and to establish visiting or exchange professorships at various Central and SouthAmerican dental schools.

5 GOVERNING BODIES: The House of Delegates, elected by the Divisions of the Association,itself elects the Board of Trustees and the Executive Committee, OFFICERS : ExecutiveSecretary: Dr. Ralph Howard Brodsky (U.S.A.).

6 MEMBERS : Active, Associate, and Honorary members, who are grouped under Divisionsand Sections for each country. The Association has members in all the 21 Americanrepublics and at present there are Divisions in Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colom-bia, Ecuador, Paraguay, Peru, United States of America, Uruguay.

9 FINANCES : Annual dues of Active Members, U.S.$3.

10 MEETINGS: The House of Delegates meets once a year; the Board of Trustees or Di-rectors and an Executive Committee meet at intervals during the year, when necessary.

12 PUBLICATIONS: Newsletter, quarterly, published since 1943.

16 COMMENTS: The Association has established scholarships at the dental schools of theUniversity of Pennsylvania, University of Michigan, New York University, and TuftsUniversity.

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PAN AMERICAN SANITARY ORGANIZATION (PASO)[ORGANISATION SANITAIRE PANAMISBICAINE]

ORGANISACION SANITARIA PANAMERICANA

2 ADDRESS: Pan American Sanitary Bureau, 1501, New Hampshire Avenue, N.W.,Washington 6, D.C., U.S.A. Telephone: HUdson 5280. Cable address: OFSANPANWASHINGTON.

3 NATURE: Intergovernmental.

4 AIMS: The fundamental purpose of the Organization is to promote and co-ordinateefforts in the Americas to combat disease, lengthen life, and promote the physical andmental health of the people.

5 GOVERNING BODIES : The Organization is composed of the Pan American Sanitary Con-ference, the Directing Council, the Executive Committee and the Pan American SanitaryBureau, (a) The Pan American Sanitary Conference is the supreme governing authorityof the Organization and is composed of delegates, not more than three from each of themember governments and of such other territories or groups of territories to which theright of representation has been extended, (b) The Directing Council is composed of onerepresentative from each member government of the Organization, and one representa-tive from each territory or group of territories to which the right of representation inthe Organization has been extended, (c) The Executive Committee is composed of in-dividuals named by seven member governments elected by the Council for overlappingterms of three years, (d) The Pan American Sanitary Bureau is responsible for theexecution of the Organization's programme, OFFICERS: Director: Dr. Fred L. Soper(U.S.A., 1955); Secretary-General: Dr. Miguel E. Bustamante (Mexico).

6 MEMBERS: Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, DominicanRepublic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Guatemala, Haiti, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua,Panama, Paraguay, Peru, United States of America, Uruguay, Venezuela. All self-governing nations of the Americas are entitled to membership. Territories or groups ofterritories within the Americas which are not responsible for the conduct of their inter-national relations have the right to be represented and to participate in the Organization,

7 COMMISSIONS: ZoneOffices: I. Washington, D.C.; II. Mexico, D.F.; III. Guatemala City,Guatemala; IV. Lima, Peru; V. Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; VI. Buenos Aires, Argentina.Field Offices: El Paso, Texas, U.S.A.; Jamaica, B.W.I.

8 FACILITIES: Library; information services.

9 FINANCES: The budget for 1952 was U.S.$1,943,681.

10 MEETINGS: The Pan American Sanitary Conference meets every four years. The Direct-ing Council holds annual, the Executive Committee biannual meetings.

11 VOTING: By countries.

12 PUBLICATIONS: Boletln de la Oficina Sanitaria Panamericana, monthly. Weekly Epi-demiological Report. Public Health Statistics, quarterly. Special Series Publications.Miscellaneous Publications. (English, Spanish principally; French, Portuguese occa-sionally.)

13 RELATIONS WITB OTHER INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS : The Pan American SanitaryBureau serves as the Regional Office for the Americas of WHO. The Pan AmericanSanitary Organization is an Inter-American Specialized Organization. The Bureau co-operates with Specialized Agencies of the UN and other agencies in connexion withhealth programmes.

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14 SHORT HISTORY: The Organization was originally the International Sanitary Bureau,the first of the International Health Organizations dating from 1902. The name PanAmerican Sanitary Bureau was taken in 1923 to avoid confusion with the InternationalOffice of Public Health at Paris, created in 1907. The Pan American Sanitary Code wassigned in 1924. The Pan American Sanitary Organization dates from 1947. The Thir-teenth Pan American Sanitary Conference was held in Ciudad Trujillo, DominicanRepublic in 1950.

PERMANENT INTER-AFRICAN BUREAUFOR TSETSE AND TRYPANOSOMIASIS (BPITT)

[BUREAU PERMANENT INTERAFRICAIN DE LA TSE-TSE ET DE LA TRYPANOSOMIASE (BPITT)]

2 ADDRESS: P.O. Box 557, Leopoldville, Belgian Congo. Cable address: TSETSE LEOPOLD-VILLE.

3 NATURE: Intergovernmental.

4 AIMS: (1) The preparation of a bibliography of material on Tsetse and Trypanosomiasis;(2) the publication of a periodical Bulletin in French and English on Tsetse and Try-panosomiasis. The Bulletin shall include bibliographical notices including, wherevernecessary: (a) brief summaries of important published works; (b) notes on work inprogress, the circulation of which has been authorized by the writers; (3) the publicationof original articles in the languages of the authors with brief summaries in French orEnglish. Such summaries shall be translations of summaries furnished by the authors;(4) the duplication and urgent distribution of material meriting such distribution;(5) the facilitation of arrangements for the interchange of visits between Tsetse andTrypanosomiasis experts of different nationalities, it being understood that no part ofthe costs of such visits shall be borne by the Bureau; (6) the preparation and constantreview of an up-to-date list of persons and institutions interested in Tsetse and Trypano-somiasis; (7) the maintenance of close contact with national and international bodiesinterested in Tsetse and Trypanosomiasis and the transmission to them of copies of thepapers published by it as may be determined by the Co-Directors subject to suchgeneral rules as the Commission for Technical Co-operation in Africa South of theSahara (CCTA) may from time to time lay down; (8) to supply individual researchworkers, upon request, with suitable references relevant to their research and especiallyto furnish them with a bibliography covering their particular study; (9) such otherduties as the CCTA may determine.

5 GOVERNING BODIES: Commission for Technical Co-operation in Africa South of theSahara (CCTA): General Secretary: P.M. Henry, 43, Parliament Street, London,S.W.I, U.K. Franco-Belgian Technical Co-directorship: (1) the Director of the InstitutPrincesse Astrid for Tropical Medicine in Leopoldville: Dr. G. Neujean (Belgium);(2) the Director of the Institut Pasteur in Brazzaville: Dr. J. Ceccaldi (France).

6 MEMBERS: Belgium, France, Portugal, Southern Rhodesia, United Kingdom, Union ofSouth Africa.

9 FINANCES: Allocation of the expenses of operation amongst Member Governments.

12 PUBLICATIONS: Analytical and Bibliographical Bulletin, twice yearly (English, French).Original Works.

14 SHORT HISTORY: The Permanent Bureau has operated regularly since 1 February 1949.It has published to date 14 leaflets of the Analytical and Bibliographical Bulletin and190 Original Works.

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C H A P T E R I I I

MISCELLANEOUS

ASSOCIATION FOR THE UTILIZATIONAND DIFFUSION OF DOCUMENTATION (UDD)

[ASSOCIATION POUR L'UTILISATION ET LA DIFFUSION DE LA DOCUMENTATION (UDD)]

2 ADDRESS: 18, avenue de Villars, Paris-7e, France. Telephone: SUFfren 75-41.

3 NATURE: Non-governmental.

4 AIMS: To contribute to the development of creative activity in the industrial field,by the efficient use of French and other public documentary facilities (patents, reviewsand periodicals, books, doctors, theses, conferences, congresses).

5 GOVERNING BODIES: General Assembly; Administrative Council, comprising 6 to 24members chosen among the members of the Assembly. OFFICERS: President: PrinceLouis de Broglie (France); Vice-Presidents: Prof. Gabriel Bertrand (France), Prof.Pierre Auger (France); Members: Jean-Marie Archange (France), Dr. Ch. Bernard(Switzerland), Donker Duyvis (Netherlands), Henry-Frangois Dupont (France), Louisde Saint-Rat (France), Atherton Seidell (U.S.A.); Secretary-General: Louis Chereau(France); Treasurer: Rene Higonnet (France).

6 MEMBERS: 1,800 members in France; 1,140 in other countries.

7 COMMISSIONS : Patents, Congresses, Classification, Development of Scientific and Tech-nical Progress, Microfilms and Reproduction in Limited Quantities.

9 FINANCES: Members subscriptions.

10 MEETINGS: Annual General Assembly; quarterly meetings of Administrative Council.

11 VOTING: By individual ballot.

12 PUBLICATIONS: Numerous and non-periodical publications on specialized subjects suchas:B. 2388 UElevage des Escargots, B. 2387 Essence d'Orient, B. 2385 Tissue TestMethod, B. 2389 UAcide Ascorbique dans Us Piments, B. 2425 Preparation de la Pep-sine, B. 2427 he Noyer, B. 2421 VUtilisation de VEau Salee en Agriculture, etc. Cataloguedes Documents sur Vlndustrie Chimique Allemande, four to six times a year (French,with titles in English and German). Nomenclature Sommaire des Demandes Inedites deBrevets d'Invention deposees au Reichspatentamt, 1940 a 1945. Bulletin Analytique desBrevets Francois, 1944.

13 RELATIONS WITH OTHER INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS: Relations with Unesco and

the International Commission of Agricultural Industries.

14 SHORT HISTORY: Founded 8 February 1944 in Paris, under the presidency of CharlesFabry, Membre de PInstitut et Directeur de l'lnstitut d'Optique, the Association hastaken a large part in the creation of Working Party No. 3 of OEEC, as well as in theorganization of the Ier Salon du Progres, Paris 1952, and the preparation of the FirstCongress of Scientific and Technical Progress, Paris 1953.

INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF UNIVERSITIES(IAU)

[ASSOCIATION INTERNATIONALE DES UN1VERSITES (Alu)]

2 ADDRESS: 19, avenue Kleber, Paris-16e, France. Telephone: KLEber 52-00; BALzac24-08.

3 NATURE: Non-governmental.

4 AIMS: To provide a centre of co-operation at the international level among the universi-ties and similar institutions of higher education of all countries as well as among or-ganizations in the field of higher education generally.

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5 GOVERNING BODIES: The General Conference of Universities; Administrative Board of theAssociation; International Universities Bureau (Permanent Secretariat). OFFICERS:President: Jean Sarrailh, Rector of the University of Paris (France); Vice-President:S. C. Roberts (U.K.) Master of Pembroke College, Cambridge; Members of the Ad-ministrative Board: E. Ashby (U.K.), J. Baugniet (Belgium), C. Cereti (Italy), C. Chagas(Brazil), S. R. Dongerkery (India), W. Erbe (Germany), M. H. Fisch (U.S.A.), L. Garrido(Mexico), M. V. de Los Santos (Philippines), J, Nielsen (Denmark), F. Rogers (U.S.A.),T. Saglam (Turkey), A. A. Siassi (Iran); Secretary-General of the Association and Directorof the International Universities Bureau: H. M. Keyes (U.K.); Head of the ResearchService: M. de Miranda (Spain); Head of the Documentation Service: K. Kupka (Czecho-slovakia).

6 MEMBERS: 126 Institutions of Higher Education in: Australia, Belgium, Brazil, Burma(Union of), Canada, Chile, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Guatemala, Honduras,India, Iran, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Japan, Mexico, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway,Pakistan, Panama, Philippines, Soar, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Trieste,Turkey, Union of South Africa, United Kingdom, United States of America, Uruguay,Vatican City State, Viet-Nam, Yugoslavia; and two associate members.

8 FACILITIES: Documentation Centre: collection of university catalogues, yearbooks anddocumentary material on Higher Education; Library: publications on universityquestions.

9 FINANCES: Subscriptions from member Universities: U.S.$100 to 300, according tothe number of full-time students; subvention from Unesco.

10 MEETINGS : The General Conference meets at least once every five years; the Administra-tive Board at least once a year.

11 VOTING: Voting is by the institutions; a simple majority vote is sufficient.

12 PUBLICATIONS: Universities of the World, 1950. Report of the International Conferenceof Universities, 1951. Provisional Report for 1951, 1952. University Degree Systems,1952. B. A. Houssay: The Role of the Universities, 1952.

13 RELATIONS WITH OTHER INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS: The Association has workingcontact (exchange of information) with Unesco and WHO.

14 SHORT HISTORY: Founded December 1950 at Nice, at an International Conference ofUniversities. A preparatory conference of the Universities, convened by Unesco, metat Utrecht in 1948.

15 BIBLIOGRAPHY: Report of Preparatory Conference of Representatives of Universities,1948. Report of the International Conference of Universities, 1951. Provisional Reportfor 1951, 1952.

16 COMMENTS: The next Conference of the International Association of Universities will beheld in 1954.

INTERNATIONAL BROADCASTING ORGANIZATION(OIR)

[ORGANISATION INTERNATIONALE DE RADIODIFFUSION (OIR)]

MEZINARODNI ROZHLASOVA ORGANISACE

2 ADDRESS: O.I.R. Mozartova 15, Prague XVI, Czechoslovakia. Telephone: 416.60;423.64. Cable address: INTERADIF PRAHA.

3 NATURE: Non-governmental.

4 AIMS: To establish ties between the various broadcasting agencies; to arrange for theexchange of information between its members on technical progress and the methods

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used in all branches of broadcasting work; to uphold the interests of broadcasting; toseek solutions to broadcasting problems through international collaboration; to workout measures for the general development of broadcasting, especially along the linesof technical organization.

5 GOVERNING BODIES: General Assembly, consisting of one representative for each fullmember; Administrative Board, consisting of 7 to 13 members, OFFICERS: President:K. Stahl (Czechoslovakia); Vice-Presidents: M. Nikolov (Bulgaria), P. Kito (Albania);Members of the Administrative Board: I. Pozdniak (U.S.S.R.), P. Uusman (EsthonianS.S.R.), M. Itochianu (Rumania), I. Szirmai (Hungary), Lee Chiang (People's Republicof China); Director of the Administrative Office: T. Gelezny (Czechoslovakia); AssistantDirector of the Technical Centre: V. Trounov (Czechoslovakia).

6 MEMBERS: Full and associate members; the main broadcasting agencies in the followingcountries are full members: Albania, Bulgaria, Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic,Czechoslovakia, Esthonian Soviet Socialist .Republic, Finland, Finno-Carelian SovietSocialist Republic, German Democratic Republic, Hungary, Latvian Soviet SocialistRepublic, Lithuanian Soviet Socialist Republic, Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic,People's Republic of China, Poland, Rumania, Ukranian Soviet Socialist Republic,Union of Soviet Socialist Republics.

7 COMMISSIONS: Technical Commission: Chairman: M. Joachim (Czechoslovakia).

8 FACILITIES: Technical Control Centre, Prague.

9 FINANCES : Subscriptions and contributions from members: donations, bequests, grantsand proceeds from publications.

10 MEETINGS: General Assembly at least once a year; the Administrative Board meets atleast twice a year.

12 PUBLICATIONS: Information and Documentation Bulletin, quarterly (English, French,Russian).

13 RELATIONS WITH OTHER INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS: Official relations with the

ITU and its consultative committees, as well as with the European BroadcastingUnion.

14 SHORT HISTORY: The OIR was founded by a Constituent Assembly in June 1946.

15 BIBLIOGRAPHY: World Radio Handbook, Copenhagen; Journal Radio, Moscow; RadioPregled, Bulgaria; Journal des Telecommunications, Switzerland; Radio Programmi,Albania.

INTERNATIONAL COMMITTEEFOR BIRD PRESERVATION (ICBP)

[COMITE INTERNATIONAL POUR LA PRESERVATION DES OISEAUX (CIPO)]

2 ADDRESS: British Museum (Natural History), Cromwell Road, London, S.W.7, U.K.

3 NATURE: Semi-governmental.

4 ATMS: To stimulate interest in all countries for a more adequate protection of wild birdlife.

5 OFFICERS: President: Jean Delacour (France, U.S.A.); Vice-Presidents: Leon Lippens(Belgium), Pedro S. Casal (Argentine); Secretaries: Phyllis Barclay-Smith (U.K.),Richard H. Pough (U.S.A.), Georges Olivier (France).

6 MEMBERS: National Sections in Argentina, Australia, Austria, Belgium, Bolivia,Brazil, Bulgaria, Canada, Chile, Colombia, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, Ecuador, Faero

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Islands, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Guatemala, Hungary, Iceland, India, Italy,Japan, Mexico, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Paraguay, Peru, Poland, Rumania,Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Union of South Africa, United Kingdom, United States ofAmerica, Venezuela, Yugoslavia.

8 FACILITIES: The International Wildfowl Research Institute will be the internationalcentre of the investigations for the collection and tabulation of information indicatingthe number and distribution of wildfowl in the past, the making of periodical censusesof resident and migratory species, the ringing of adults to trace migration routes, theinvestigation of natural and other causes of mortality, collection of information con-cerning the growth and distribution of food plants, and the publication of reports on theresults of the investigations.

9 FINANCES: Contributions from National Sections, grants from governments, and fromprivate and public institutions.

12 PUBLICATIONS: Bulletins 1-6. International Wildfowl Enquiry, 2 vols. Annual Report.Danish Breeding Birds.

14 SHORT HISTORY: The Committee was organized in 1922 at a meeting in London. Othermeetings have taken place in Luxembourg 1925; Brussels 1927; Geneva 1928; Amster-dam 1930; Oxford 1934. Meetings of the European Section have been held in Paris1931, Brussels 1935, Vienna 1937, London 1947, Paris 1948, Bologna 1952. The FirstInternational post-war Conference took place at Uppsala, Sweden, from 8 to 10 June1950.

16 COMMENTS: The main activity of the European Section has been in the past few yearsto revise the Paris Convention of 1902 for the Protection of Birds Useful to Agriculture,in the light of modern conditions and increased knowledge of migration of birds. Asubcommittee presented proposals for revision at the Vienna meeting in 1937, butaction on the matter was delayed by World War II. A new subcommittee was formedafter the war, and proposals presented at the Paris meeting, July 1948. The amendedConvention was signed ad referendum by 13 countries at a Conference summoned by theFrench Government in Paris in October 1950. The fundamental basis of the present pro-posal is that all birds should have some measure of protection, not only during thebreeding season, but, in the case of migratory birds in danger of extinction, should havespecial protection. It is realized that the all-important balance of nature should bemaintained, and that any bird that may constitute a menace to other species must be keptin check. Import, export, selling or buying are also dealt with in regards to species takenillegally, and eggs are considered equally with the birds themselves. Certain methods forthe mass capture or destruction of birds are condemned. Another important questiondealt with by the ICBP is the International Inquiry into the status of the Anatidae inEurope. The British Section has been allocated the task of correlating all the informationsent in from all over Europe and to this end the International Wildfowl ResearchInstitute was established. The increase in the incidence of oil pollution has caused greatconcern. Researches instituted into the origin and composition of waste oil found on thebeaches and on birds and carried out in Great Britain were fully reported on to theBologna Conference, where a resolution was adopted drawing the urgent attention ofGovernments to the problem and to the need for further investigations.

INTERNATIONAL COMMITTEEOF SCIENTIFIC MANAGEMENT (CIOS)

[COMITE INTERNATIONAL DE L'ORGANISATION SCIENTIFIQUE (CIOS)]

2 ADDRESS: 1-3 Chantepoulet, Geneva, Switzerland. Telephone: (022)25430. Cableaddress: ICOSMAN GENEVA.

3 NATURE: Non-governmental.

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4 AIMS : To study the use of methods of scientific management and to disseminate know-ledge concerning them among all those interested; to help in applying such methodsto all forms of human activity in which they can improve working conditions and pro-ductivity.

5 GOVERNING BODIES: Assembly; Executive Committee, OFFICERS: President: Harold B.Maynard (U.S.A.); Deputy Presidents: Moacyr E. Alvaro (Brazil), E. Hans Mahler(Switzerland); Honorary Presidents: Theodore Limperg (Netherlands), William L. Batt(U.S.A.), Assar Gabrielsson (Sweden); Secretary-General: Hugo de Haan (Switzerland).

6 MEMBERS: Australia: Australian Institute of Management, Melbourne; Austria: Oester-reichisches Kuratorium fur "Wirtschaftlichkeit, Vienna; Belgium: Comite NationalBeige de POrganisation Scientifique, Brussels; Brazil: Instituto de OrganizacaoRacional do Trabalho, Sao Paulo; Canada: Canadian Management Council, Montreal;Denmark: Dansk Nationalkomite for Rationel Organisation, Copenhagen; Finland:Finnish Management Council, Helsinki; France: Comite National de l'OrganisationFranchise, Paris; Germany: Rationalisierungs-Kuratorium der Deutschen Wirtschaft,Frankfurt-am-Main; Greece: Hellenic Committee of Scientific Management, Athens;Italy: Comitato Italiano di Rappresentanza Interaazionale per l'Organizzazione delLavoro, Rome; Japan: All Japan Efficiency Federation, Tokyo; Netherlands: Neder-lands Instituut voor Efficiency, The Hague; Norway: Den Norske Nasjonalkomite forRasjonell Organisasjon, Oslo; Spain: Instituto Nacional de Racionalizacion del Tra-bajo, Madrid; Sweden: Svenska Nationalkommitten for Rationell Organisation,Stockholm; Switzerland: Comite National Suisse d'Organisation Scientifique, Geneva;Union of South Africa: The National Development Foundation of South Africa,Johannesburg; United Kingdom: British Institute of Management, London; UnitedStates of America: National Management Council, New York.

7 COMMISSIONS: Commission for English Terminology: President: Harold B. Maynard(U.S.A.).

9 FINANCES: Annual contributions from the 20 National Member Organizations; budgetSw.fr. 50,000.

10 MEETINGS: International Management Congresses are held every three years; RegionalConferences during the intervals between Congresses. The Assembly meets every threeyears simultaneously with the Congress. The Executive Committee meets twice a year.

11 VOTING: Voting by organization.12 PUBLICATIONS : Manual 1949. Folder 1950. Record of Collaborators at the Brussels Con-

gress 1951. Manual 1952.

13 RELATIONS WITH OTHER INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS: The Committee has consul-tative status with Ecosoc and with Unesco. Its Secretariat is housed in the ILO build-ing at Geneva.

14 SHORT HISTORY: The Committee was founded on 11 June 1926 in Paris. InternationalCongresses have been held in Prague 1924, Brussels 1925, Rome 1927, Paris 1929,Amsterdam 1932, London 1935, Washington 1939, Stockholm 1947, Brussels 1951.

16 COMMENTS : The Tenth International Management Congress will be held at Sao Paulo,Brazil from 19 to 25 February 1954.

INTERNATIONAL COUNCIL OF MUSEUMS (ICOM)[CONSEIL INTERNATIONAL DES MUSEES (iCOM)]

2 ADDRESS : 19, avenue Kleber, Paris-16e, France. Telephone: KLEber 52-00. Cable address:ICOM PARIS.

3 NATURE: Non-governmental.

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4 AIMS: (a) To provide an appropriate organization to represent museums and the museumprofession at the international level; (b) to develop international co-operation betweenmuseums and members of the museum profession; (c) to direct the efforts of museumstowards: (i) the preservation, advancement and diffusion of knowledge; (ii) populareducation and the spread of culture; (iii) mutual knowledge and understanding amongall peoples.

5 GOVERNING BODIES: The Council consists of all members of national committees, eachone including not more than 15 members. The Advisory Board consists of the chairmenof all national committees. The Executive Committee consists of 18 members, namely6 officers and 11 members elected by vote and the Chairman of the Advisory Board whois an ex officio Officer, OFFICERS (until July 1953): President: Chauncey J. Hamlin(U.S.A.); Chairman of the Advisory Board: Georges A. Salles (France); Vice-Presidents:Julien Cain (France), George H. Edgell (U.S.A.), Sir Leigh Ashton (U.K.); Treasurer:Andre LeVeille (France); Corresponding Secretary: Leo P. van Puyvelde (Belgium);Recording Secretary: Herman F. E. Visser (Netherlands); Members: D. R. de la Bor-bolla (Mexico), Dr. J. Cibulka (Czechoslovakia), H. E. Shank Ghorbal Bey (Egypt),Dr. F. J. Gysin (Switzerland), H. 0. McCurry (Canada), R. Pallucchini (Italy), Mrs.H. Alberto Torres (Brazil), Dr. Erik Wettergren (Sweden), Dr. Ernst Buschbeck(Austria), Prof. Dr. Stanislaw Lorentz (Poland). Director: Georges Henri Riviere(France); Executive Secretary: Miss M. Benoist d'Azy (France). Executive Committeeto be elected in July 1953 for three years: President Emeritus and Founder: ChaunceyJ. Hamlin (U.S.A.); President: Georges A. Salles (France); Chairman of the AdvisoryBoard: Sir Leigh Ashton (U.K.); Vice-Presidents: G. de Angelis d'Ossat (Italy), JulienCain (France), Albert E. Parr (U.S.A.); Treasurer: Andre Leveille (France); Correspond-ing Secretary: Paul Fierens (Belgium); Members: Dr. Douglas A. Allan (U.K.); Dr.A. Heintz (Norway), Hamit Kosay (Turkey), Dr. G. W. Locher (Netherlands), Prof.Dr. S. Lorentz (Poland), Dr. Grace Morley (U.S.A.), E. Buschbeck (Austria), H. O.McCurry (Canada), a Representative of Brazil, a Representative of India.

6 MEMBERS : The Council has individual members in 39 countries as follows: Australia, 11;Austria, 15; Belgium, 15; Brazil, 14; Canada, 12; Colombia, 3; Cuba, 15; Czechoslovakia,10; Denmark, 15; Ecuador, 5; Egypt, 15; Finland, 4; France, 14; Greece, 11; Haiti, 13;India, 13; Iraq, 6; Italy, 15; Japan, 14; Lebanon, 2; Mexico, 10; Netherlands, 14; NewZealand, 5; Norway, 15; Pakistan, 8; Peru, 6; Philippines, 15; Poland, 14; Portugal, 15;Spain, 15; Sweden, 15; Switzerland, 6; Syria, 3; Thailand, 8; Turkey, 15; Union ofSouth Africa, 7; United Kingdom, 15; United States of America, 15; Yugoslavia, 9.

7 COMMISSIONS: ICOM has the following International Subject Committees: Museums ofScience and Technology: Chairman: Andre LeVeille (France); Natural History Museums:Chairman: Dr. "W. E. Swinton (U.K.); Museums of Ethnography and Folklore: Chair-man: Dr. G. W. Locher (Netherlands); Museums of Archaeology and History: Chairman:Prof. Amedeo Maiuri (Italy); Museums of Art and Applied Art: Chairman: GeorgesA. Salles (France); Children's Museums and Activities concerning Children in Museums:Chairman: Peter Floud (U.K.); Education: Chairman: Charles Russell (U.S.A.);Museums and Industry: Chairman: Edgar Kaufmann, Jr. (U.S.A.); Personnel: Chair-man: Dr. F. J. Gysin (Switzerland); Museum Techniques: Chairman: Dr. BengtThordeman (Sweden); Administration: Chairman: D. F. Lunsingh Scheurleer (Nether-lands); External Relations: Chairman: Perry Rathbone (U.S.A.); Museums Laboratories:Chairman: H. J. Plenderleith (U.K.); Documentation: Chairman: Julien Cain (France);and the following Commissions: Commission for the Study of Type Specimens inNatural History; Commission for the Care of Paintings; Commission for InternationalArt Exhibitions; Provisional Commission for Museum Personnel; Commission for theScientific Study of Lighting; Commission for Fire Prevention in Museums.

8 FACILITIES: Documentation Service.

9 FINANCES: Annual membership dues U.S.$3 per member; subventions from Unesco.

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10 MEETINGS: General triennial Conference open to all members of the Museum profession;triennial meeting of the Council at the same time and place; annual meetings of theExecutive Committee and Advisory Board. The Officers hold four meetings a year.

11 VOTING: Individual vote in person, by proxy or by letter.

12 PUBLICATIONS: ICOM Netcs, every two months, sent free to Members and AssociateMembers. Proceedings of the Triennial Conferences. Manuals on technical subjects ormuseum activities: Scientific, Technical, Health Museums, Planetaria, Popularizationof Science, 1949; Museum and Young People, 1952.

13 RELATIONS WITH OTHER INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS: Consultative arrangementswith Unesco.

14 SHORT HISTORY: The Council was established in 1946. An Interim General Conferencewas held in Mexico in 1947. General Biennial Conferences were held in June 1948 inParis and in July 1950 in London. The following meetings of specialized Committeeshave taken place: ICOM Commission for the Study of Type Specimens in NaturalHistory, Oxford 1952; ICOM Commission for the Care of Paintings: London 1948,Rome 1949, Paris 1950, Brussels 1951, Lisbon 1952; ICOM Commission for InternationalArt Exhibitions, Paris 1952; International Subject Committee of ICOM for MuseumsLaboratories, Brussels 1951; ICOM Commission for the Scientific Study of Lighting,Brussels 1951.

16 COMMENTS: The following meetings are planned: Triennial Conference, Genoa-Milan,July 1953; meeting in Naples of the International Subject Committee of ICOM forMuseums of Archaeology and History to study in what way Museums of History cancontribute towards International Understanding; meeting of the ICOM Commissionfor the Care of Paintings, November 1953 either in the U.S.A., or at Basle, Switzerland;meeting of the International Subject Committee of ICOM for Museums Laboratories,Paris, 1953.

INTERNATIONAL FEDERATIONFOR DOCUMENTATION (FID)

[FEDERATION INTERNATIONALE DE DOCUMENTATION (FID)]

2 ADDRESS: 6, Willem Witsenplein, The Hague, Netherlands. Telephone: 776992; 774520.

3 NATURE: Non-governmental.

4 AIMS: TO promote study and to co-operate in the collection, storage, classification,selection, dissemination and utilization of information, printed or otherwise. In parti-cular, the Federation strives to bring about international agreement between the na-tional constituting bodies on methods and equipment manifestly of interest to them andto the advancement of documentation in all its forms.

5 GOVERNING BODIES: The Federation is administered by the Council consisting of thenational members of the Federation. The executive body of the Federation is theBureau, consisting of the President, Vice-Presidents, Treasurer and General Secretaryelected by the Council, OFFICERS: President: Arne J. Moller (Denmark, 1954); Vice-Presidents: Prof. Dr. Signorina O. Pinto (Italy, 1953), Mrs. S. Briet (France, 1954),Dr. Luther H. Evans (U.S.A., 1954), G. Lorphevre (Belgium, 1954), Dr. J. M. Meyer(Switzerland, 1954); Treasurer: Dr. Milton O. Lee (U.S.A.); General Secretary: F.Donker Duyvis (Netherlands); Honorary Presidents: Dr. J. Alingh Prins (Netherlands),Charles le Maistre (U.K.); Honorary Members: E. Mathijs (Switzerland), Miss H. Lind-stedt (Sweden).

6 MEMBERS: National Members in Belgium, China, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany,Hungary, Indonesia, Italy, Japan, Netherlands, Portugal, Rumania, Spain, Sweden,

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Switzerland, Union of South Africa, United Kingdom, United States of America, Yugo-slavia; Corresponding Members in Argentina, Australia, Austria, Belgian Congo, Egypt,Greece, Ireland, Israel, Pakistan, Poland, Turkey, Uruguay; International Membersand Associate Members.

7 COMMISSIONS: A. International Committee for Universal Classification, with Commit-tees subdivided as follows: 1. Committee on General and Comparative Classification:Rapporteur: Prof. Dr. S. R. Ranganathan (India); 2. Committee on Universal DecimalClassification, with sub-committees on: 21. Public Administration and Welfare: Rap-porteur R. Dubuc (France); 22. Measurement and Control: Rapporteur: Nider (Nether-lands); 23. Protection against Fire: Rapporteur: M. Havelka (Austria); 24. Pharmacy:Rapporteur: A. Godefroid (Belgium); 25. Materials: Rapporteur: £ . Ohman (Sweden);26. Mechanical Engineering: Rapporteur: C. de Novar (France); 27. Electrical Engi-neering: Rapporteur: C. Frachebourg (Switzerland); 28. Agriculture: Rapporteur:M. Tellarini (Italy); 29. Chemical Technology: Rapporteur: E. Engel (Sweden).B. Committee on Abstracting. C. Committee on Training of Documentalists and Librarians:Rapporteur: Mrs. S. Briet (France). D. Committee on Technical Means of Documen-tation: Rapporteur: Dr. Vernon D. Tate (U.S.A.). E. Committee on Information Services.F. Committee on Theses and Auxiliary Publications.

8 FACILITIES: Bibliography of documentation and librarianship.

9 FINANCES: Members subscriptions; subventions: 1949, Fl. 26,700, 1950, Fl. 32,900,1951, Fl. 44,600.

10 MEETINGS: Annual Meetings of the Council with its committees; every other year openconferences.

11 VOTING: Each national member has one vote.

12 PUBLICATIONS: Review of Documentation, periodical. FID Information, periodical.Congress Reports: Sixteenth Congress, Paris 1946, Seventeenth Congress, Berne 1947,Eighteenth Congress, Rome 1951. Complete, abridged and special Editions of theUniversal Decimal Classification in English, French, German and some 10 otherlanguages. Monographs on the Universal Decimal Classification. Directory of Microfilmand Photocopying Services, 1950. Index Bibliographicus, 1952. Manual on DocumentReproduction and Selection (in preparation).

13 RELATIONS WITH OTHER INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS: Consultative arrangementswith Unesco; relations with the International Federation of Library Associationsand the International Organization for Standardization.

14 SHORT HISTORY: The Federation was founded in 1895 under the title InternationalInstitute for Bibliography, which was changed in 1931 to International Institute forDocumentation, becoming in 1938 International Federation for Documentation.The last meeting of the Council and Committee took place at Copenhagen from 28 Sep-tember to 5 October 1952.

16 COMMENTS: FID publication 246 It's Your Federation gives a survey of its scope andactivities (obtainable gratis on application to the General Secretariat).

INTERNATIONAL FEDERATIONOF DOG BREEDERS

[FEDERATION CYNOLOGIQUE INTERNATIONALE (FCl)]

2 ADDRESS: 24, avenue d'Auderghem, Brussels, Belgium. Telephone: 34 64 35. Secretary-General: 36, Grande Rue, Thuin, Hainaut, Belgium.

3 NATURE: Non-governmental.

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4 AIMS: To encourage, protect and defend the science and practice of the breeding ofpedigree dogs by all appropriate means, and particularly by: (a) the unification ofregulations; (b) the mutual recognition of Stud Books; (c) the establishment of apermanent office and (d) the convening of congresses of dog breeders.

5 GOVERNING BODIES: General Assembly, OFFICERS: President, Vice-President, Secretary-General: Baron Charles Gendebien (Belgium) and a Secretary: Miss M. d'Avernas(Belgium).

6 MEMBERS: National Societies in Austria, Belgium, Brazil, Chile, Czechoslovakia, Den-mark, Finland, France, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Monaco, Netherlands,Norway, Poland, Rumania, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, United Kingdom, Yugoslavia.

10 MEETINGS: General Assembly once a year.

11 VOTING: Each federated society has one vote.

12 PUBLICATIONS: The Stud Book.

14 SHORT HISTORY: The Federation was established in 1921. International Congresses ofDog Breeders have been held at Florence, Monaco, Frankfurt-am-Main, Paris. RecentGeneral Assemblies have taken place at Amsterdam on 8 June 1950, at Rome, 15 May1951, at Monte-Carlo, 6 May 1952.

INTERNATIONAL FEDERATIONOF LIBRARY ASSOCIATIONS (IFLA)

FEDERATION INTEBNATIONALE DES ASSOCIATIONS DE BIBLIOTHfiCAIBES (FIAB)]

INTERNATIONALER VERBAND DER BIBLIOTHEKAR-VEREINE

FEDERAZIONE INTERNAZIONALE DELLE ASSOCIAZIONI DEI BIBLIOTECARI

FEDERACldN INTERNACIONAL DE ASOCIACIONES DE BIBLIOTECARIOS

2 ADDRESS: University Library, Ley den, Netherlands. Also: c/o United Nations Library,Geneva, Switzerland.

3 NATURE: Non-governmental.

4 AIMS: To promote co-operation in the field of libraries and particularly to carry outinvestigations and make proposals concerning international relations between libra-ries, library associations, bibliographers and other organized groups.

5 GOVERNING BODIES: International Library Committee, consisting of representativesselected by the member associations of the Federation, each country having onedelegate and one alternate. President: Dr. Pierre Bourgeois (Switzerland); Vice-Presidents: Milton E. Lord (U.S.A.), H. M. Cashmore (U.K.), M. R. Brun (France);Secretary-General: P. Sevensma (Netherlands); Assistant Secretary: Dr. A. C. Breycha-Vauthier (Switzerland).

6 MEMBERS: Argentina: Comite Argentino de Bibliotecarios de Instituciones Cientificasy Tecnicas, Buenos Aires; Australia: Library Association of Australia, Sydney;Austria: Vereinigung Osterreichischer Bibliothekare, Vienna; Belgium: Associationdes Conservateurs d'Archives, de Bibliotheques et de Musees de Belgique; ConseilNational des Bibliotheques d'Hopitaux de la Croix-Rouge de Belgique; VlaamseVereniging van Bibliotecarinen, Antwerp; Brazil: Associaijao Paulista de Bibliotecarios,Sao Paulo; Canada: Canadian Library Association, Ottawa; Association Canadiennedes Bibliothecaires de Langue Franchise, Montreal; China: Library Association ofChina, Peiping; Cuba: Asociaci6n Cubana de Bibliotecarios, Havana; Czechoslovakia:Svaz Ceskych Knihovniku, Svaz Slovenskych Knihovnikov; Denmark: Danmarks

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Biblioteksforening, Copenhagen; Egypt: Cairo Library Association; Finland: SuomenKirjastoseura, Suomen Tieteellisten Kixjastojen Virkamiesseura; France: Associationdes Bibliothecaires Frangais, Paris; Germany: Verein deutscher Bibliothekare, Munich;Verein deutscher Volksbibliothekare, Bremen; Greece: Conseil General des Biblio-thecaires de Grece, Athens; Hungary: Magyar Konyvtarosok es Leveltarosok Egyesulete,Budapest; India: Indian Library Association, Calcutta; Iran: Departement desPublications, Ministfere de l'lnstruction Publique, Teheran; Israel: Jewish Nationaland University Library, Jerusalem; Italy: Associazione Italiana per la Biblioteche,Rome; Japan: Japan Library Association, Tokyo; Mexico: Asociacion de Biblio-tecarios Mexicanos, Mexico, D.F.; Netherlands: Centrale Vereniging voor OpenbareLeeszalen en Bibliotheken, Nederlandse Vereiniging van Bibliothecarissen, Rijks-comissie van Advies inzake het Bibliotheekwezen, The Hague; Norway: Norsk Biblio-tekforening, Norsk Bibh'otekarlag, Oslo; Norska Forskningsbibliotekarers Forening,Trondheim; Philippines: Philippine Library Association, Manila; Poland: ZwiazekBibliotekarzy i Archiwistow Polskich, Warsaw; Spain: Instituto Nicolas Antonio deBibilografia, Madrid; Sweden: Svenska Bibliotekariesamfundet, Uppsala; SverigesAllmanna Biblioteksforening; Sverigesvetenskapliga specialbiblioteks Forening,Stockholm; Switzerland: Association des Bibliothecaires Suisses, Lausanne; AssociationSuisse des Bibliothecaires d'Hopitaux, Zurich; Turkey: Turk Kiituphaneciler Dernegi,Ankara; Union of South Africa: South African Library Association, Cape Town;United Kingdom: The Library Association, London; United States of America: AmericanLibrary Association, Chicago, 111.; Medical Library Association, Baltimore, Md.;Special Libraries Association, New York 3, N.Y.; Vatican: Bibliotheque Vaticane,CitS du Vatican; Yugoslavia: Federation des Associations de Bibliothecaires Yougo-slaves, Belgrade.

7 COMMISSIONS: Sub-committees on: Special Libraries and Documentation Centres;Uniform Catalogue Rules and Union Catalogues; Parliamentary Libraries; InternationalLoans; Standardization; Production and Price of Books. and Periodicals; PopularLibraries; Exchange of Librarians; Exchange of University Publications; ProfessionalEducation; Library Statistics; Statistics of Printed Matter; Hospital Libraries.

9 FINANCES: Dues from member associations, about 10,000 Sw.fr. a year.

10 MEETINGS: International Library Congresses every five years; meeting of InternationalCommittee every year.

11 VOTING: Each member association has one vote.

12 PUBLICATIONS: Actes du Comite International des Bibliotheques, Vols. I to XVI. Actesdu lie Congres International des Bibliotheques, 3 vols., 1935. Repertoire des AssociationsMembres, 1948. Reglement du Pret International et Formules d'Adhesion. La StatistiqueInternationale des Bibliotheques. All publications are published by Martinus Nijhoff,The Hague.

13 RELATIONS WITH OTHER INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS: Consultative arrangementwith Unesco; collaboration with the International Federation for Documentationthrough Joint Committees.

14 SHORT HISTORY: Preparatory meetings of the International Library Committee wereheld at Prague 1925, Atlantic City and Philadelphia 1926, and Edinburgh 1927.Official meetings have been held at Rome 1928, Rome, Florence, Venice, 1929, Stock-holm 1930, Cheltenham, U.K., 1931, Berne 1932, Chicago 1933, Madrid 1934, Madrid-Barcelona 1935, Warsaw 1936, Paris 1937, Brussels 1938, The Hague-Amsterdam 1939,Oslo 1947, London 1948, Basle 1949, London 1950, Rome 1951.

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INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC FILM ASSOCIATION[ASSOCIATION INTERNATIONALE DU CINEMA SCIENTIFIQUE]

2 ADDRESS : c/o Institut Frangais du Cinema Scientifique, 38, avenue des Ternes, Paris-17e,France. Telephone: ETOile 79-54.

3 NATURE: Non-governmental.

4 AIMS: The object of the Association is to promote understanding and co-operationbetween its members in order to foster the following aims: (1) To raise the standardand promote the use of the scientific film and related material throughout the worldin order to achieve the widest possible understanding and appreciation of scientificmethod and outlook, especially in relation to social progress. (2) To promote inter-national co-operation in the field of the scientific film by encouraging the internationalexchange of: (a) information about the production and use of films and about improvedstandards of technical equipment; (b) scientific films themselves, in particular byseeking the removal of customs barriers; (c) technicians and research workers. (3) Toencourage the formation of national scientific associations in those countries wherenone already exist. (4) To encourage international co-operation in the making ofscientific films. (5) To encourage international co-ordination in scientific film pro-duction plans so as to avoid wasteful overlap. (6) To encourage the adoption of astandard international system of documentation and appraisal of scientific films,and the publication of critical lists and catalogues. (7) To encourage scientific researchboth by means of cinematography and for the technical and artistic advancement ofcinematography. (8) To take corporately or individually through its member organ-izations any action to further these aims.

5 GOVERNING BODIES: The Assembly, composed of representatives of all member organ-izations, is the supreme governing body of the Association. The Council, composedof 12 members elected annually, includes the officers of the Association and othermembers elected on a regional basis, OFFICERS: President: John Maddison (U.K.);Vice-Presidents: Jean Korngold (Poland), Prof. Mario Ponzo (Italy); Honorary-Secretary: Jean Painleve (France); Honorary Treasurer: J. W. Varossieau (Nether-lands); Curator, International Reference Film Library: Luc Haesaerts (Belgium);Delegate, Centre for Latin America: Prof. R. V. Talice (Uruguay).

6 MEMBERS: Scientific film associations in the following countries: Australia, Austria,Belgium, Brazil, Cuba, Czechoslovakia, France, German Democratic Republic, GermanFederal Republic, Italy, Monaco, Netherlands, Poland, Switzerland, Union of SouthAfrica, United Kingdom, Uruguay, Yugoslavia.

7 COMMISSIONS: Research Committee: Chairman: Dr. Ing. G. Wolf (Germany), MedicalCommittee: Chairman: Prof. Dekking (Netherlands); Industrial Section: Rapporteur:Mrs. S. Mercier (France).

8 FACILITIES: International Reference Film Library at Brussels.

9 FINANCES: Annual subscription is not less than 400 nor more than 1,750 Sw.fr. Thepresent officers for the secretariat have been furnished by the Institut Franc,ais duCinema Scientifique.

10 MEETINGS: The General Assembly meets once a year.

11 VOTING: Each national association has one vote.

12 PUBLICATIONS: Science and Film, quarterly (English). Obtainable from Scientific FilmAssociation, 164 Shaftesbury Avenue, London, W.C.2, U.K. 12s. 6d. per annum.

14 SHORT HISTORY: The Association was inaugurated in 1947 in Paris, on the initiativeof the British and French Scientific Film Associations. The Second Congress, organizedby the British Scientific Film Association with the assistance of the British Film

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Institute, was held in London from 4 to 11 October 1948. Delegates and observers of25 countries and Unesco accepted the invitation to be present. Steps were takentoward establishing the International Scientific Film Association as the central inter-national clearing house of information on all aspects of the scientific film. The ThirdCongress, which set up three Permanent Committees, was held in Brussels in October1949; the Fourth in Florence in 1950; the Fifth at The Hague in 1951; the Sixth inParis in 1952.

16 COMMENTS: The Seventh Congress is scheduled to take place in London in Septem-ber 1953.

INTERNATIONAL STATISTICAL INSTITUTE (ISI)[iNSTITUT INTERNATIONAL DE STATISTIQUE (iIS)]

2 ADDRESS: Oostduinlaan 2, The Hague, Netherlands. Telephone: 184270. Cable address:STATIST THE HAGUE.

3 NATURE: Non-governmental.

4 AIMS: The International Statistical Institute is an autonomous society devoted to thedevelopment and improvement of statistical methods and their application throughoutthe world.

5 GOVERNING BODIES: The Institute's principal organs are: (a) the General Assembly,composed of the members of the Institute; (b) the Bureau, composed of the Institute'sofficers, the President, four Vice-Presidents, the Secretary-General, and the Treasurer;(c) the Permanent Office, having a Director, appointed by the Bureau, and such sub-ordinates as the Bureau authorizes him to employ, OFFICEHS: President: S. A. Rice(U.S.A.); Vice-Presidents: R.C.Geary (Ireland), P. C. Mahalanobis (India), J. L.RuefF (France), M. A. Teixeira de Freitas (Brazil); Secretary-General: Ph. J. Idenburg(Netherlands); Treasurer: R. G. D. Allen (U.K.); Director of the Permanent Office:G. Goudswaard (Netherlands).

6 MEMBERS : Membership is individual and is divided into three categories. 13 HonoraryMembers distributed as follows: Belgium 1, Chile 1, France 2, Germany 1, Italy 2,Netherlands 1, Norway 1, United Kingdom 2, United States of America 2; 222 OrdinaryMembers: Argentina 1, Australia 4, Austria 1, Belgium 8, Brazil 7, Canada 6, China 4,Denmark 3, Egypt 1, Finland 5, France 23, Germany 12, Greece 4, Haiti 1, Hungary 5,India 5, Ireland 3, Israel 1, Italy 20, Japan 2, Mexico 4, Netherlands 6, Norway 5,Peru 1, Poland 2, Portugal 1, Rumania 1, Southern Rhodesia 1, Spain 4, Sweden 7,Switzerland 9, Turkey 3, Union of South Africa 1, Union of Soviet Socialist Republics 1,United Kingdom 27, United States of America 30, Venezuela 1, Stateless 2; 72 ex officiomembers of whom 21 are also ordinary members.

8 FACILITIES: Library of 12,000 volumes.

9 FINANCES: Government and private contributions, membership dues.

10 MEETINGS: Every second year.

11 VOTING: By individual vote.

12 PUBLICATIONS: Bulletin, 32 vols. Revue de VInstitut International de Statislique. F. Zahn:50 Annees de VInstitut International de Statistique, etc.

13 RELATIONS WITH OTHER INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS: Consultative Status (categoryB) with Ecosoc; consultative arrangements with Unesco.

14 SHORT^HISTORY: The International Statistical Institute, founded in 1885, is one of theoldest international scientific organizations, membership in which is drawn from the

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ranks of leading governmental and non-governmental statisticians throughout theworld. For more than 60 years the International Statistical Institute has met in biennialsessions in the principal cities of the world under the highest official sponsorship,usually the Chief of State. Prior to the establishment of the United Nations, andparticularly before the formation of the League of Nations, the Institute assumed thecharacter of an international organization which sought international uniformity instatistical procedures and practices, and formulated in its biennial sessions recommen-dations to national governments in this connexion. After World War II, the Institutereconstituted itself as an international professional society. In co-operation with theIndian Statistical Institute, and with financial support from Unesco, the Instituteestablished in 1950 an International Statistical Education Centre at Calcutta.

INTERNATIONAL UNIONOF DIRECTORS OF ZOOLOGICAL GARDENS

[UNION INTERNATIONALE DE DIRECTEUKS DE JARDINS ZOOLOGIQUES]

INTERNATIONALER VERBAND VON DIREKTOREN ZOOLOGISCHER GARTEN

2 ADDRESS: C/O Freeman M. Shelly, Secretary, Zoological Society of Philadelphia,34th Street and Girard Avenue, Philadelphia, U.S.A.

3 NATURE: Non-governmental.

4 AIMS: The object of the Union is to promote co-operation between directors of ZoologicalGardens and Zoological Parks managed on a scientific basis, that is, entirely non-commercial institutions with cultural and educational aims in which the public isallowed to watch and study live animals and which promote zoological research in thewidest sense and also the protection of the world's fauna. The Union shall be moreoveran international body representing the aforesaid institutions and promoting theirconcerns.

5 GOVERNING BODIES: Board, OFFICERS (terms expire September 1955): President:A. Reventlow (Denmark); Vice-President: G. S. Cansdale (U.K.); Secretary: FreemanM. Shelly (U.S.A.).

6 MEMBERS : Directors of Zoological Gardens and eminent heads of important departmentsof such institutions in the following countries: Austria, Belgium, Ceylon, Denmark,Finland, France, Germany, Israel, Italy, Japan, Netherlands, Poland, Sweden, Switzer-land, United Kingdom, United States of America.

9 FINANCES: No regular subscription payable; expenses are met by the Gardens of thePresident and Secretary.

10 MEETINGS: Once yearly.

11 VOTING: Individual voting.

13 RELATIONS WITH OTHER INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS: The Union is a member ofthe International Union for the Protection of Nature.

14 SHORT HISTORY: Founded in Rotterdam on 24 September 1946.

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INTERNATIONAL UNION FOR THE PROTECTIONOF NATURE (IUPN)

[UNION INTERNATIONALE POUR LA PROTECTION DE LA NATURE (UIPN)]

2 ADDRESS: 42, rue Montoyer, Brussels, Belgium. Telephone: 12.81.33.

3 NATURE: Semi-governmental.

4 AIMS: (1) To encourage and facilitate co-operation between governments and nationaland international organizations concerned with, and persons interested in, the protectionof nature. (2) To promote and recommend national and international action in respectto: (a) the preservation in all parts of the world of wild life and the natural environment,soils, water, forests, including the protection and preservation of areas, objects andfauna and flora having scientific, historic, or aesthetic significance by appropriatelegislation such as the establishment of national parks, nature reserves and monumentsand wild life refuges, with special regard to the preservation of species threatened withextinction; (b) the spread of public knowledge and the promotion of an extensiveprogramme of education in the field of protection of nature; (c) the preparation ofinternational draft agreements and a world-wide convention for the protection ofnature; (d) scientific research. (3) To collect, analyse, interpret and disseminate infor-mation, and distribute to governments and national and international organizations,documents, legislative texts, scientific studies and other information concerning pro -tection of nature.

5 GOVERNING BODIES: General Assembly, composed of delegates of Member Governmentsand delegates of national and international organizations concerned with natureprotection which are members of the Union; Executive Board, composed of the Pre-sident of the General Assembly and a number of members ranging from a minimumof 8 to a maximum of 14, elected by the General Assembly from among the delegatesof members of the Union. The President of the Assembly is President of the ExecutiveBoard; Secretariat, consisting of the Secretary-General and the necessary personnel.OFFICERS: President: Dr. Charles Jean Bernard (Switzerland, 1954); Vice-Presidents:H. J. Coolidge Jr., (U.S.A., 1954), W. H. Phelps, Jr., (Venezuela, 1958), Dr. G. F.Herbert Smith (U.K., 1956); Secretary-General: Dr. Jean-Paul Harroy (Belgium,eligible for reappointment every two years).

6 MEMBERS: The IUPN is composed of Governments and national and internationalorganizations. The Member Governments are: Belgium, Denmark, Luxembourg,Monaco, Netherlands, Switzerland, Venezuela. The national organizations number 151and are located in: Argentina, Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, Ceylon, Chile,Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, India, Italy, Japan, Luxembourg, Mexico,Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Peru, Poland, Sweden, Switzerland, Union ofSouth Africa, United Kingdom, United States of America, Venezuela. The internationalorganizations are: International Committee for Bird Preservation, InternationalOffice for the Protection of Nature, International Commission for the Protection ofAlpine Regions, Standing Committee on Pacific Conservation, International Union ofDirectors of Zoological Gardens.

7 COMMISSIONS: Education Commission: President: Dr. Ira N. Gabrielson (U.S.A.).Commission on Public Information: President: R. W. Westwood (U.S.A.). Nomen-clature Commission: President: Dr. J. Ramsbottom (U.K.).

8 FACILITIES: Documentation library of the International Office for the Protection ofNature, 31, rue Vautier, Brussels, Belgium.

9 FINANCES: Membership dues, donations, and subsidies. The present rate is fixed atU.S. $50 per annum for national or international organizations; Government member-ship dues vary in accordance with the country's population figures.

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10 MEETINGS : The General Assembly meets in regular session every two years; in addition,technical meetings are held at regular intervals. The Executive Board meets severaltimes each year.

11 VOTING: Each Member Government has two votes: the national organizations of eachcountry as a whole one vote, and each international organization one vote. Decisionsare made by a simple majority of the members present and voting, except when supportby two-thirds of the members is required by the constitution.

12 PUBLICATIONS: Information Bulletin of the IUPN, every two months (English, French);IUPN, 1948 (English, French). Preparatory Documents to the International TechnicalConference on the Protection of Nature, Lake Success 1949 (English, French). Proceedingsand Papers: International Technical Conference on the Protection of Nature, LakeSuccess, August 1949, 1 vol. (English/French). Proceedings and Reports of SecondGeneral Assembly, Brussels 1950 (English, French). Nature Protection throughout theWorld in 1950, 1 vol. (English/French). Proceedings of the Technical Meeting, The HagueSeptember 1951 (English, French). Nature Protection in Pictures, 1952 (English, French).What is Nature Protection?, 1952 (English, French).

13 RELATIONS WITH OTHER INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS: The Union has consultativestatus with Ecosoc and Unesco.

14 SHORT HISTORY: At the Eighth International Zoological Congress in Graz in 1910,a provisional committee was formed to consider world-wide nature protection. In 1913,an International Conference for the Protection of Nature was held in Berne and anAdvisory Commission for the International Protection of Nature was set up withheadquarters at Basle. After World War I, attempts were made at the non-govern-mental international Congress for the Protection of Nature, held in Paris in 1923,to revive the Commission, but failed. In 1928, at the Sixth General Assembly in Brusselsof the International Union of Biological Sciences, an International Office for theProtection of Nature was established with its headquarters at Brussels: (a) for documen-tation purposes; and (b) to facilitate the subsequent establishment of an InternationalUnion or Federation of Protection of Nature Societies. In 1940, the headquarters wastransferred from Brussels to Amsterdam, but in 1948 was moved back to Brussels toresume activity. From 28 June to 3 July 1947, an International Conference for theProtection of Nature, convened by the Swiss League for the Protection of Nature,was held at Brunnen, Switzerland, to consider the establishment of an InternationalOrganization for the Protection of Nature. The Conference was attended by represen-tatives from 27 countries and by observers from UN and Unesco. It agreed to set upa Provisional International Union for the Protection of Nature and approved a draftconstitution. The Union was finally established in October 1948, at a Conference atFontainebleau, France, convened jointly by Unesco and the French Government,and attended by delegates from 33 countries. The Union was charged with the scientificpreparation of the International Technical Conference on the Protection of Nature,Lake Success, August 1949, and has since held a Technical Meeting at The Haguein 1951, and General Assemblies at Brussels in 1950 and Caracas in 1952. It has createda Survival Service charged with the collection of documentation on the subject ofvanishing animal and plant species, and a Conservation Service whose mission is toassure constant liaison between members of the Union and persons or organizationsconcerned with the protection and conservation of nature and resources in general,the press and the public. A public information service on nature protection mattersdistributes pamphlets describing the ideas of the conservation of natural resources forschoolchildren and the public in many countries throughout the world, circulatesexhibit material, organizes Youth Camps, etc. Stop-films, a Handbook on Conservation,and an Atlas of Nature Reserves in the World are in preparation.

15 BIBLIOGRAPHY: International Conference for the Protection of Nature, Brunnen 1947,Basle (English/French). See also 12 above.

16 COMMENTS: The Fourth General Assembly will take place at Copenhagen in Sep-tember 1954.

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INTERNATIONAL UNIONFOR THE SCIENTIFIC STUDY OF POPULATION

[UNION INTERNATIONALE POUR L'ETUDE SCIENTTFIQUE DE LA POPULATION]

2 ADDRESS: c/o Institut National d'Etudes Demographiques, 23, avenue Franklin-Roosevelt, Paris-8e, France. Administrative Office: c/o The American University,Washington 16, D.C., U.S.A.

3 NATURE: Non-governmental.

4 AIMS : To facilitate the progress of quantitative and qualitative demography as a science.It pursues this objective through publications, by organizing congresses, and byfurthering relationships between demographers of all countries.

5 GOVERNING BODIES: Executive Council, OFFICERS: President: L. Hersch (Switzerland);Secretary-General and Treasurer: G. Mauco (France); Vice-Presidents: D. V. Glass(U.K.), L.Livi (Italy), L. I. Dublin (U.S.A.), K.B.Madhava (India), G. Mortara(Brazil), A. Sauvy (France), S. Szulc (Poland). Administrative Director: Frank Lorimer(U.S.A.).

6 MEMBERS: Membership in the Union at the present time is composed exclusively ofindividual members with approximately 200 members from 33 different countries,including members from North and South America, Western Europe, Eastern Europe,Asia and Oceania.

7 COMMISSIONS: Programme: Chairman: P. Dupoid. Demographic Dictionary: Chairman:P. Vincent. Studies of Cultural Assimilation: Chairman: D. Glass. Population Problemsof Countries in Process of Industrialization: Chairman: F. Notestein. Accuracy of Demo-graphic Statistics: (jointly with the International Statistical Institute): Chairman:P. Dupoid.

9 FINANCES: Membership dues and diverse contributions.

10 MEETINGS: General Assemblies take place ordinarily at intervals not exceeding threeyears.

11 VOTING: By individual vote.

12 PUBLICATIONS: The Union recognizes and sends communications through the followingperiodicals: Population, Paris; Population Studies, Cambridge, U.K.; and PopulationIndex, Princeton, N.J., U.S.A.

13 RELATIONS WITH OTHER INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS: Affiliated to the InternationalStatistical Institute; consultative arrangements with Ecosoc and with Unesco.

14 SHORT HISTORY: The Union was organized in Paris in 1928 with the late Dr. RaymondPearl of Johns Hopkins University, U.S.A., as its first President. Prior to World War II,the Union held General Assemblies in Paris, London, Berlin, and Paris. After disruptionof its activities by the war, the Union was reconstituted at the time of the InternationalStatistical Conference in Washington, D.C., in September 1947. At this time, a newconstitution was prepared incorporating a fundamental change in the organization,namely specifying memberships to be on an individual basis rather than by nationalcommittees. Also, the name of the organization was changed from International Unionfor the Scientific Investigation of Population Problems to International Union for theScientific Study of Population.

16 COMMENTS : The Union is collaborating with the UN in the organization of a WorldPopulation Conference in 1954.

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INTERNATIONAL WHALING COMMISSION (IWC)[COMMISSION INTERNATIONALE DE LA CBASSE A. LA BALEINE]

2 ADDRESS: Fisheries Department, 3 Whitehall Place, London, S.W.I, U.K. Telephone:TRAfalgar 7711. Cable address: DOBSON AGRIFI PARL LONDON.

3 NATURE: Intergovernmental.

4 AIMS: (a) To encourage, recommend or organize studies relating to whales and whaling;(b) to collect statistical information concerning condition and trend of whale stocksand effect of whaling thereon; (c) to study, appraise and disseminate informationconcerning methods of maintaining and increasing populations of whale stocks (seeArticle IV, International Whaling Convention, 1946).

5 GOVERNING BODIES: Each Member Government appoints a Commissioner, OFFICERS:Chairman: Dr. Remington Kellogg (U.S.A., 1955); Vice-Chairman: Dr. G. J. Lienesch(Netherlands, 1955); Secretary: A. T. A. Dobson (U.K.).

6 MEMBERS: Australia, Brazil, Canada, Denmark, France, Iceland, Japan, Mexico,Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Panama, Sweden, Union of South Africa, Unionof Soviet Socialist Republics, United Kingdom, United States of America.

9 FINANCES: Expenses vary from year to year and are provided by equal contributionsfrom participating governments.

10 MEETINGS: At present yearly.

11 VOTING: By country.

12 PUBLICATIONS: First Report (covering period 1 June 1949 to 31 May 1950). SecondReport (covering period 1 June 1950 to 31 May 1951). International Convention for theRegulation of Whaling, 1946, with amendments made at the first and second meetings.Reports and revised editions of the Convention are published annually.

14 SHORT HISTORY: Constituted by virtue of the International Whaling Convention 1946,the Commission came into being in June 1949. The fourth meeting was held in Londonfrom 3 to 6 June 1952, and the fifth from 22 to 25 June 1953, also in London.

INTERNATIONAL WHALING STATISTICS[STATISTIQUES BALEINIERES INTERNATIONALES]

2 ADDRESS : Sandefjord, Norway. Telephone: 3466. Cable address: STATISTICS SANDEFJORD.

3 NATURE: Intergovernmental.

4 AIMS: To serve as a body which is to receive notification of statistical and other infor-mation required by the Whaling Agreement of 1937 from the nationals of all countriesparticipating in the whale fisheries; and to publish statistics on whaling in the Antarcticand in other fields.

5 OFFICERS: Director: E. Vangstein (Norway).

9 FINANCES: Expenses are defrayed by the Norwegian Government.

14 SHORT HISTORY: Established in 1929. According to the 1937 International Agreementfor the Regulation of Whaling and the 1946 Convention, the Bureau is to receivestatistics from all whaling companies.

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SOCIETY FOR FREEDOM IN SCIENCE (SFS)[SOCIETlS POUR LA LIBERTE DE LA SCIENCE]

2 ADDRESS: C/O Dr. John R. Baker, Department of Zoology,University Museum, Oxford,U.K. Telephone: 47726.

3 NATURE: Non-governmental.

4 AIMS: The aims of the Society are contained in the following propositions: (a) Theincrease in knowledge by scientific research of all kinds and the maintenance andspread of scientific culture have an independent and primary human value, (b) Sciencecan only flourish and therefore can only confer the maximum cultural and practicalbenefits on society when research is conducted in an atmosphere of freedom, (c) Scien-tific life should be autonomous and not subject to outside control in the appointment ofpersonnel or in the allocation of the funds assigned by society to science, (d) The condi-tions of appointment of research workers at universities should give them freedom tochoose their own problems within their subjects and to work separately or in collaborationas they may prefer. Controlled team-work, essential for some problems, is out of placein others. Some people work best singly, others in teams, and provision should be madefor both types, (e) Scientists in countries not under dictatorial rule should co-operateto maintain the freedom necessary for effective work and to help fellow-scientistsin all parts of the world to maintain or secure this freedom.

5 GOVERNING BODIES: Executive Committee, OFFICERS: President: Sir George Thomson.F.R.S. (U.K.); Vice-Presidents: Sir Henry Dale, O.M., G.B.E., F.R.S. (U.K.), Prof.Michael Polanyi, F.R.S. (U.K.), Sir Arthur Tansley, F.R.S. (U.K.); Honorary Secretary:Dr. John R. Baker (U.K.).

6 MEMBERS: The Society has 510 members, of whom 245 reside in the United Kingdom,188 in the United States of America, 41 in the British Dominions and Colonies and36 elsewhere. The great majority are members of staffs of universities and other placeswhere research is carried on.

9 FINANCES : The subscription is 10s. sterling each year.

12 PUBLICATIONS: Proposed Society for Freedom in Science, 1941. The Objects of the Societyfor Freedom in Science, first edition, 1944; second edition, 1946. Occasional pamphlets.

14 SHORT HISTORY: The Society was formed in 1940 to counteract the trend towardsocialization of science, as promoted by the Association of Scientific Workers.

UNITED NATIONS EDUCATIONAL,SCIENTIFIC AND CULTURAL ORGANIZATION

(UNESCO)[ORGANISATION DES NATIONS UNIES POUR L'EDUCATION, LA SCIENCE ET LA CULTURE (UNESCO)]

2 ADDRESS: 19, avenue Kleber, Paris-16e, France. Telephone: KLEber 52-00. Cableaddress: UNESCO PARIS.New York Office: United Nations, East 42nd Street, New York 17, N.Y., U.S.A.Telephone: PLaza 4-1234. Cable address: UNESCORG NEWYORK. Unesco Regional Officein the Western Hemisphere: Centro regional de la Unesco en el Hemisferio Occidental,Calle 5a, No. 306, entre C y D, Vedado, La Habana, Cuba. Telephone: F. 4959; F. 5322.Cable address: UNESCO HABANA. Science Co-operation Offices: Latin America: BulevarArtigas 1320, Montevideo, Uruguay. Telephone: 411407. Cable address: UNESCO MONTE-VIDEO. Middle East: 8 Sh. El Salamlik, Garden City, Cairo, Egypt. Telephone: 23036;

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25599. Cable address: UNESCO CAIKO. Also: Istambul Teknik Universitesi Gumiissuyu,Istambul, Turkey. Telephone: 82345. Cable address: UNESCO ISTAMBUL. South Asia:CSIR Building, Old Mill Road, New Delhi, India. Telephone: 40910; 8413. Cable address:UNESCO NEW DELHI. South-East Asia: Djalan Diponegoro 76, Jakarta, Indonesia.Telephone: Jatinegara 779; Cable address: UNESCO JAKARTA. Also: UN Building,Padre Faura, Manila, Philippines. Telephone: 5-37-26. Cable address: UNESCO MANILA.

3 NATURE: Intergovernmental.

4 AIMS: To contribute to peace and security by promoting collaboration among thenations through education, science and culture in order to further universal respectfor justice, for the rule of law and for the human rights and fundamental freedomswhich are affirmed for the peoples of the world, without distinction of race, sex, lan-guage or religion, by the Charter of the United Nations. To realize this purpose theOrganization collaborates in the work of advancing the mutual knowledge and under-standing of peoples, through all means of mass communication, and to that end recom-mends such international agreements as may be necessary to promote the free flow ofideas by word and image; and maintains, increases and diffuses knowledge by assuringthe conservation and protection of the world's inheritance of books, works of art andmonuments of history and science, and recommending to the nations concerned thenecessary international conventions; by encouraging co-operation among the nationsin all branches of intellectual activity, including the international exchange of personsactive in the fields of education, science and culture and the exchange of publications,objects of artistic and scientific interest and other materials of information; and byinitiating methods of international co-operation calculated to give the people of allcountries access to the printed and published materials produced by any of them.

5 GOVERNING BODIES: The Organization includes a General Conference, an ExecutiveBoard and a Secretariat.

(a) The General Conference, consisting of the representatives of the Member States,determines the general policy of the Organization. It decides on the activities which theOrganization is to undertake, selects the members of the Executive Board, determinesthe annual Budget and its distribution between the various Departments of the Secre-tariat, and appoints t e Director-General of the Organization.

(b) The Executive Board consists of 20 members elected by the General Conferencefrom among the delegates appointed by the Member States, for a term of three years.One-third of the members of the Board is replaced each year. The Board is responsibleto the General Conference for the execution of the programme adopted by the latter.It prepares the agenda and programme of work of the Conference. It recommends tothe General Conference the admission of new Members to the Organization. Themembers of the Executive Board exercise the powers delegated to them by the GeneralConference on behalf of the Conference as a whole and not as representative of then-respective Governments. In April 1953 the Board was composed as follows: Chairman:General Sir Ronald Adam (U.K.); Vice-Chairmen: Dr. Frans Bender (Netherlands),S. M. Sharif (Pakistan); Members: Dr. Rafael Bernal Jimenez (Colombia), H.E. Dr.Antonio Castro Leal (Mexico), John A. Perkins (U.S.A.), H.E. Ventura GarciaCalderon (Peru), H.E. Torn Haguiwara (Japan), Prof. Henri Laugier (France),Pin Malakul (Thailand), Mgr. Jean Maroun (Lebanon), Sir Arcot LaxmanswamiMudaliar (India), Prof. Jakob Nielsen (Denmark), Senator Geronima Pecson (Philip-pines), Prof. Jean Piaget (Switzerland), H.E. Dr. G. A. Raadi (Iran), H.E. VladislavRibnikar (Yugoslavia), Prof. Oscar Secco Ellauri (Uruguay), Dr. Vittorino Veronese(Italy), Dr. Constantin K. Zurayk (Syria).

(c) The Secretariat consists of the Director-General and the necessary staff. TheDirector-General is nominated by the Executive Board and appointed by the GeneralConference for a period of six years. He is eligible for reappointment. He participates,without the right to vote, in all meetings of the General Conference, of the ExecutiveBoard and of the Committees of the Organization. He formulates proposals for appro-

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priate action by the Conference and the Board. Subject to the paramount considerationof securing the highest standards of integrity, efficiency and technical competence,the staff is appointed on as wide a geographical basis as possible. The responsibilitiesof the Director-General and of the staff are exclusively international in character.OFFICERS: Director-General: Luther H. Evans (U.S.A.); Director of the Office of theDirector-General: Rene Maheu (France); Director of the Department of Education:H. Lionel Elvin (U.K.); Director of the Department of Natural Sciences: Pierre Auger(France); Director of the Department of Social Sciences: Mrs. A. Myrdal (Sweden);Director of the Department of Cultural Activities: Jean Thomas (France); Director of theDepartment of Mass Communication: Douglas H. Schneider (U.S.A.); Director of theTechnical Assistance Department: Malcolm Adiseshiah (India); Head of the Exchange ofPersons Service: William D. Carter (U.S.A.); Head of the Documents and PublicationsService: Emile Delavenay (France); Head of the Bureau of the Comptroller: R. Harper-Smith (U.K.); Head of the Bureau of Personnel and Management: W. Farr (U.K.);Head of the Bureau of Conference Planning and General Services: Michel Montagnier(France).

6 MEMBERS: On 30 April 1953 there were 66 Member States: Afghanistan, Argentina,Australia, Austria, Belgium, Bolivia, Brazil, Burma (Union of), Cambodia, Canada,Ceylon, China, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, DominicanRepublic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, France, German Federal Republic, Greece,Guatemala, Haiti, Honduras, Hungary, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Italy,Japan, Jordan (Hashemite Kingdom of), Korea, Laos, Lebanon, Liberia, Luxembourg,Mexico, Monaco, Netherlands, New Zealand, Nicaragua, Norway, Pakistan, Panama,Peru, Philippines, Poland, Saudi-Arabia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Thailand,Turkey, Union of South Africa, United Kingdom, United States of America, Uruguay,Venezuela, Viet-Nam, Yugoslavia. The Governments of the United Kingdom of Libyaand the State of Nepal were approved for admission to Unesco by the Seventh Sessionof the General Conference; these States will therefore shortly become members of theOrganization.

7 COMMISSIONS AND ORGANIZATION OF THE SECRETARIAT: Of the six Departments: Edu-cation, Natural Sciences, Social Sciences, Cultural Activities, Mass Communication andTechnical Assistance, the following are directly interested in scientific questions:

(A) Department of Education: Exchange of Persons Service: The object of the Exchangeof Persons Service is to promote international understanding through the exchange ofpersons between one country and another, for educational purposes. This task involvesseveral activities: assembling, analysing and disseminating information on the possi-bilities open to those desiring to study abroad, and on the organizations dealing withevery type of international exchange for educational purposes; planning and facilita-ting the application of programmes for research, teaching and observation abroad; andencouraging the establishment, and ensuring the administration, of fellowships financedby Unesco or awarded under its patronage in fields with which the Organization isconcerned. Meetings of committees of experts, research missions, and the distribution ofpublicity material all help toward evolving new fellowship programmes and extendingthe field of exchanges organized on behalf of teachers, young people and workers.

(B) Department of Natural Sciences: Present organization: Division of Developmentof International Scientific Co-operation; Division of Scientific Research; Division forthe Teaching and Dissemination of Science; Division of Science Co-operation Offices.

The Division of Development of International Scientific Co-operation endeavours topromote international understanding and co-operation among the natural scientists,active in research and teaching, throughout the world. It works mainly through majorinternational non-governmental scientific organizations such as the InternationalCouncil of Scientific Unions, the Council for International Organizations of MedicalSciences, the International Union for the Protection of Nature and the Union ofInternational Engineering Organizations. All these four large international scientific

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organizations and the Unions, Associations and Congresses federated in them, receiveannual subventions from Unesco for the organization of international symposia andconferences, for publications, for the maintenance of permanent international services,for assistance to international laboratories, etc. The Division is also working on theproblem of improving scientific abstracting and documentation, the standardizationof scientific terminology, and the production of multilingual dictionaries. In this fieldit works by sponsoring Committee meetings and by giving subventions and contractsto international scientific organizations.

The Division of Scientific Research encourages and assists particularly researchtending towards improvement of living conditions through the establishment of co-operative international or regional arrangements. The European Council for NuclearResearch has been set up at the intergovernmental level for planning an internationallaboratory and organizing other forms of co-operation in nuclear research, while stepshave been taken for the creation of an International Computation Centre and, morerecently, of a Regional Oceanographical Institute. An Arid Zone Programme is beingcarried out under the guidance of an Advisory Committee on Arid Zone Research.Surveys of institutions and current research are being made in selected fields ofscientific research, such as brain research, humid tropics research, preparatory tostudies of ways of bringing about active international co-operation.

The Division for the Teaching and Dissemination of Science endeavours to bring tothe general public a knowledge not only of established scientific facts and the develop-ment of research and inventions in the various scientific fields, but also of the applicationof the scientific method to daily life. For that purpose, Unesco organizes mobile scientificexhibitions at a popular level, encourages efforts made to assign a more importantplace to science in school curricula and in independent activities of both young peopleand adults, and maintains close relations with organizations such as associations for theadvancement of science, science and natural history clubs, associations of sciencewriters and journalists, and associations of science teachers, particularly with a view todeveloping international co-operation between these groups.

The Division of Science Co-operation Offices administers and ensures liaison with thefour Offices and two branches whose addresses appear at the beginning of this entry.The purpose of these Offices is to facilitate scientific work and, particularly, researchin their respective regions; to promote exchange of information between these regionsand the rest of the world; and to help, by bibliographical and other means, in dissemina-ting knowledge of interesting and important work being done in each region. One exampleof their activities consists in the compilation of regional lists of scientific publications,of lists of scientific institutions and scientists in the regions, and the publication ofreports on the progress of science. Another is the organization of scientific exhibitionsand lectures by eminent scientific visitors, and assistance in the development ofFaculties of Science in local universities. They also organize, in collaboration with otherscientific bodies, symposia on problems of interest to the regions. Direct collaborationalso takes place between the different Offices on the numerous problems which theyhave in common. Furthermore, they co-operate with the Regional Offices of otherspecialized agencies of the United Nations and represent the interests of Unesco as awhole.

(C) Department of Social Sciences: The work of the Department of Social Sciences,co-ordinated and directed by the Head of the Department, is concerned with inter-national organization in the field of the social sciences, the study of tensions and inter-national understanding, international co-operation and racial questions.

(D) Department of Mass Communication: The Department of Mass Communicationis responsible for everything relating to the dissemination of the aims and ideals ofUnesco. In order to achieve this purpose, the Department utilizes the press, the radioand the film-in general, the principal means of communication. Moreover, the Depart-ment is concerned with improving the general training and technique of professionalsin the field of information, and for that purpose provision is made for internationalseminars to be held in, and advisory missions of experts despatched to, different

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countries. The programme of the Department is drawn up and carried out in close co-operation with the United Nations and the specialized agencies, as well as with nationaland international organizations and institutions. To carry out its programme, the De-partment concentrates its efforts on five main types of work: technical facilities; theremoval of obstacles to the free flow of information; press; radio; and the film.

(E) Technical Assistance Department: Unesco participates along with the otherspecialized agencies in the United Nations Expanded Programme of Technical Assist-ance for Economic Development of Underdeveloped Countries in the fields of Scienceand Education. The Technical Assistance Department administers this activity, inclose collaboration with the other Departments of Unesco. In response to requests fromGovernments assistance is provided in the form of missions of experts, appropriateequipment, and the granting of study and training scholarships.

(F) National Commissions: In addition to the Secretariat, there exist NationalCommissions established by Member States to serve as agencies of liaison betweenUnesco and the educational, scientific and cultural life of their respective countries andto assist in the execution of Unesco's programme. Of 66 Member States, 62 had createda National Commission by April 1953. Furthermore, Science Committees have beenestablished by the National Commissions of the following countries: Australia, Austria,Belgium, Brazil, Ceylon, China, Cuba, Denmark, Dominican Republic, Ecuador,Egypt, France, German Federal Republic, Haiti, Honduras, India, Iran, Iraq, Israel,Italy, Japan, Lebanon, Liberia, Luxembourg, Mexico, Monaco, New Zealand, Norway,Philippines, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Thailand, Turkey, Union of South Africa,United Kingdom, United States of America, Yugoslavia.

9 FINANCES : The annual budget is approved by the General Conference, which apportionsfinancial responsibility among the Member States, subject to the relevant clauses ofthe agreement concluded with the United Nations. The Director-General, with theapproval of the Executive Board, may receive gifts, bequests, and subventions directlyfrom governments, public and private institutions, associations and private persons.

10 MEETINGS: The General Conference meets every two years in ordinary session; it maymeet in extraordinary session on the call of the Executive Board. At each session theConference designates the location of its next session. Every second Conference isregarded as a business session and is held at the Headquarters of the Organization inParis.

11 VOTING: Each Member State has one vote in the General Conference. Decisions aremade by a simple majority, except in cases in which a two-thirds majority is requiredby the provisions of Unesco's Constitution. A majority means a majority of the Mem-bers present and voting.

12 PUBLICATIONS of particular interest to readers of this Directory: Scientific and Technical:Impact of Science on Society, quarterly (English, French). Subscription: U.S. $1.75;9/6; 450 Fr.fr.; single number: U.S. $.50; 2/6; 125 Fr.fr. Suggestions for ScienceTeachers (English, Spanish). U.S. $1.00; 5/-; 250 Fr.fr. Bibliography, 2nd edition(English/French) and Report (English, French) of Interlingual Scientific and TechnicalDictionaries, 2 vols. U.S. $ .90; 5/6; 275 Fr.fr. Report on the Activities and Meeting ofthe Co-ordinating Committee on Abstracting and Indexing in the Medical and BiologicalSciences (English, French). U.S. $.85; 5/-; 250 Fr.fr. International Conference onScience Abstracting: Final Report (English out of print, French). U.S. $2.00; 12/3;600 Fr.fr. Reviews of Research on Arid Zone Hydrology (English, French). U.S. $4.50;25/-; 1,250 Fr.fr. Inventories of Apparatus and Materials for Teaching Science, Primary,Secondary and Vocational Schools, Universities, Technical Colleges (Veterinary andAgricultural Sciences, Physics and Chemical Engineering), 5 vols., (English, French,Spanish). U.S. $8.30; 48/3; 2,400 Fr.fr. World Medical Periodicals (English, French,Spanish). U.S. $2.00; 12/6; 600Fr.fr.1 Index Bibliographicus, Science and Technology(English/French). U.S. $1.25; 6/6; 350 Fr.fr.

1 Joint Unesco-WHO publication, sold exclusively by WHO and its Sales Agents.

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Other Publications: Catalogues of Colour Reproductions, 2 vols. (English, French,Spanish). U.S.$5.00; 27/6; 1,350 Fr.fr. Archives of Recorded Music, 3 vols. (English/French). U.S.$6.50; 36/6; 1,800 Fr.fr. Press, Film, Radio: Reports of the Commissionon Technical Needs, Vol. I, 1947 out of print; Vol. II, 1948; Vol. I l l , 1949; Vol. IV,1950; Vol. V, 1951; Supplement to Vols. I, II (English, French). U.S.$11.25. WorldCommunications, 2nd edition (English, French). U.S.$2.50; 13/6; 650 Fr.fr. WorldHandbook of Educational Organizations and Statistics (English). U.S.$9.00; 51/6;2,500 Fr.fr. Study Abroad, with Vacation Study Supplement, annually, currentvolume V, 1952-53 (English, French, Spanish). U.S.$2.50; 10/6; 500 Fr.fr. Studies onCompulsory Education, 11 vols. (English, French) U.S.$9.25; 53/-; 2,700 Fr.fr. Mono-graphs on Fundamental Education, 5 vols. (English, French, Spanish). U.S.$2.45;13/6; 660 Fr.fr. Reports on Educational Missions, Afghanistan, Burma, Philippines,Thailand, 4 vols. (English, French). U.S.$2.70; 14/-; 700 Fr.fr. Human Rights Ex-hibition Album (English, French, Spanish). U.S.$3.00; 16/-; 800 Fr.fr. ContemporaryPolitical Science (English, French). U.S.$6.00; 30/-; 1,500 Fr.fr. Democracy in aWorld of Tensions, out of print (English). Theses in the Social Sciences 1940-50 (English/French). U.S.$1.25; 7/6; 350 Fr.fr. The Race Question in Modern Science, 8 vols.(English, French), Vols. I, IV (Spanish). U.S.$2.00; 12/-; 600 Fr.fr. What is Race?(English, French). U.S.$1.00; 5/-; 250 Fr.fr. Museums and Monuments, Vol. I Sites andMonuments (English, French), Vol. II The Care of Paintings (English/French), Vol. I l lCuzco (English, French, Spanish), Vol. V Saint Sophia of Ochrida (English, French).U.S.$7.75; 44/6; 2,150 Fr.fr. Index Translationum, annually (English/French),current number 4: U.S.$10.00; 55/-; 2,600 Fr.fr. Universal Copyright Convention(English/French/Spanish). U.S.$.50; 2/6; 125 Fr.fr. Handbook on the InternationalExchange of Publications (English/French). U.S.$3.50; 21/-; 1,000 Fr.fr. PublicLibrary Manuals, 4 vols. (English, French, Spanish). U.S.$3.95; 24/-; 1,200 Fr.fr.Travel Abroad (English, French, Spanish). U.S.$6.25; 35/6; 1,750 Fr.fr. TradeBarriers to Knowledge (English, French). U.S.$1.00; 6/-; 300 Fr.fr.

Periodicals:1 Impact of Science on Society (see above: Scientific and Technical).International Social Science Bulletin, quarterly (English, French). U.S.$3.50; 21/-;1,000 Fr.fr. International Political Science Abstracts, quarterly (English/French). U.S.$4.00; 27/6; 1,400 Fr.fr. Current Sociology, quarterly (English/French). U.S.$3.50;18/6; 900 Fr.fr. Official Bulletin, every two months (English, French). U.S.$1.75;10/6; 500 Fr.fr. Unesco Courier, monthly (English, French, Spanish). U.S.$2.00;10/6; 500 Fr.fr. Bulletin for Libraries, monthly (English/French). U.S.$2.00; 12/3;600 Fr.fr. Copyright Bulletin, twice yearly (English/French). U.S.$2.25; 12/6; 600 Fr.fr. Fundamental and Adult Education Bulletin, quarterly (English, French, Spanish).U.Sjl .00; 5/-; 250 Fr.fr. Museum, quarterly (English/French). U.S.$5.00; 21/-;1,000 Fr.fr.

Prices in local currencies and catalogues of Unesco publications are available fromthe national distributors listed at the end of this Directory, or from: Sales Division,Unesco, 19 avenue Kleber, Paris-16e.

13 RELATIONS WITH OTHER INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS: Relations between the UnitedNations and Unesco were defined in an agreement signed on 14 December 1946. Unescohas concluded agreements with certain of the specialized agencies of the United Nations:International Labour Organisation (ILO), United Nations Food and AgricultureOrganization (FAO), World Health Organization (WHO) and is in permanent relation-ship with others. Intergovernmental Organizations: Agreements with the InternationalBureau of Education (IBE), the International Bureau of Weights and Measures, theOrganization of American States and the Council of Europe; various relations withothers. Semi- and Non-Governmental Organizations: 106 semi- and non-governmentalorganizations have been approved for consultative arrangements.

1 The yearly subscription rates are given.

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14 SHORT HISTORY: In November 1942, the Ministers of Education of the Allied Govern-ments met in London under the chairmanship of the Minister of Education for GreatBritain. This meeting became permanent, and from 1942 to 1945 the Conference ofAllied Ministers of Education studied a programme for educational and cultural re-habilitation in the occupied countries. The Conference came to the conclusion that withinit lay the embryo of the future international organization for education and that one ofits tasks should be to examine how it would be possible to make practical use of such anorganization after the war. Between the two wars a similar organization had existed,namely the International Institute of Intellectual Co-operation, which was dependenton the League of Nations and pursued the same aims. In 1944, the United StatesGovernment also decided to participate in the post-war educational reconstruction ofthe devastated countries. In order to make this intention clear, it decided to collaboratewithout further delay in the work of the Conference of Allied Ministers of Education.In April 1944, the Conference declared that the United Nations should, as soon aspeace was established, set up an organization with a view to restoring the means ofeducation, and the cultural heritage, of the devastated countries. The Charter of theUnited Nations. A few months before the San Francisco Conference, the representativesof 20 American Republics, who met at Chapultepec, Mexico, in February and March1945, had adopted a resolution on the expediency of creating an international institutionspecially responsible for encouraging intellectual and moral co-operation between thenations. Numerous delegations supported similar proposals in the General Assembly ofthe United Nations, which met for the first time at San Francisco. Finally, the Assemb-ly unanimously approved a French declaration to the following effect: I. World peacemust be based on mutual understanding and agreement; II. The United Nations mustsee that culture is brought within the reach of all men; III. It is the duty of the UnitedNations to facilitate the exchange and dissemination of information concerning thevarious aspects of their national life. The French declaration also proposed that theUnited Nations should rapidly convene a General Conference in order to draft thestatutes of an international organization for intellectual co-operation. Supported byprivate organizations such as the American Council for Education, as well as by thevarious organs of the United Nations, these projects finally resulted, on 31 July 1945,in a joint initiative by the French and United Kingdom Governments. The two Govern-ments invited all States Members of the United Nations to send representatives to aConference convened for the purpose of creating this organization for intellectual co-operation. The Conference was held in London from 1 to 16 November 1945; it was at-tended by the representatives of 44 governments and by observers from the mainintergovernmental organizations. In two weeks, the London Conference agreed on thetext which became Unesco's Constitution. Before the London Conference closed, itwas decided to convene in Paris, the following year, the First Session of the GeneralConference, which was to set up the Organization officially. In November 1946, thedelegates and observers of 47 nations met in Paris, which had been chosen as the per-manent headquarters of the Organization. Thirty-seven nations immediately ratifiedits Constitution, bringing Unesco officially into existence. Since then, the number ofMember States has risen to 66. The General Conference of Unesco has already met seventimes. The First Session in Paris in November 1946, drew up an initial programme ofwork and appointed Dr. Julian Huxley Director-General of Unesco for a period of twoyears. The Second Session was held at Mexico City in November-December 1947.The Director-General presented a report on Unesco's initial work. At its Third Sessionin Beirut in December 1948, Dr. Julian Huxley's term of office having expired, Mr.Jaime Torres Bodet, Mexican Minister for Foreign Affairs, was elected Director-General. The Fourth Session took place at Unesco House, Paris, in September 1949.The Fifth Session was held at Florence in 1950, the Sixth in Paris in June-July 1951,and the Seventh also in Paris in November-December 1952.

15 BIBLIOGRAPHY: United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization:Final Act, Constitution, Rules of the General Conference, Paris, 1953, 26 pp. Unesco,

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What It Is, What It Does, How It Works, with list of Member States as on 1 January1953, 8 pp. Conference Manual, 2nd edition, Paris, 1951, 61 pp. (with addendum WS/102114-1953, 21 pp.). Records of the General Conferences: Seventh Session, Paris 1952.Resolutions, 130 pp. U.S.Jl.75; 10/6; 500 Fr.fr. Reports of Member States, Vol. I,296 pp. U.S.$5.50; 30/-; 1,500 Fr.fr. (Vol. II in preparation). Report of the Director-General on the Activities of the Organization from April 1951 to July 1952, 344 pp. (withAddendum, Introduction 32 pp.). U.S.$3.50; 21/-; 1,000 Fr.fr. Approved Programmeand Budget for 1953-1954, (Distribution limited) 299 pp. Report to the United Nations1951-1952, 206 pp. U.S.$2.75; 15/6; 750 Fr.fr. Unesco Documents Subscription Service.Annual rate (including postage): U.S.$30.00; £10; 10,000 Fr.fr.

16 COMMENTS: The Eighth Session of the General Conference is planned to take place inMontevideo in October-November 1954.

WORLD FEDERATIONOF SCIENTIFIC WORKERS (WFSW)

[FEDERATION MONDIALE DES TRAVAILLEURS SCIENTIFIQUES]

2 ADDRESS: The Secretary-General, 15 Half Moon Street, London, W.I, U.K.

3 NATURE: Non-governmental.

4 AIMS: The aim of the Federation will be to promote understanding and co-operativeaction between the member organizations in order to assist the Federation and itsconstituent members in carrying out the following functions: (a) to work for the fullestutilization of science in promoting peace and the welfare of mankind, and especially toensure that science is applied to help solve the urgent problems of the time; (b) topromote international co-operation in science and technology in particular throughclose collaboration with Unesco; (c) to encourage the international exchange of scientificknowledge and of scientific workers; (d) to preserve and encourage the, freedom andthe co-ordination of scientific work both nationally and internationally; (e) to encourageimprovements in the teaching of sciences and to spread the knowledge of science andits social implications among the peoples of all countries; (f) to achieve a closer in-tegration between the natural and social sciences; (g) to improve the professional,social and economic status of scientific workers; (h) to encourage scientific workersto take an active part in public affairs, and to make them more conscious of and moreresponsive to the progressive forces at work within society. (Constitution of WFSW.)

5 GOVERNING BODIES: The Assembly is the supreme governing body of the Federation.It is composed of delegates from adhering countries, their number varying accordingto a scale. The Executive Council consisting of four members elected on an individualbasis, and eight on a regional basis, is empowered to act on behalf of the Federationbetween Assemblies. OFFICERS: President: Prof. F. Joliot-Curie (France); Vice-Presi-denls: Prof. J. D. Bernal (U.K.), Prof. Li Tze-Kwang (China), Academician A. I.Oparin (U.S.S.R.), Prof. Linus Pauling (U.S.A.), Prof. C. F. Powell (U.K.); HonoraryTreasurer: Dr. W. A. Wooster (U.K.); Honorary Secretaries: Dr. E. G. Edwards(U.K.), Prof. I. Malek (Czechoslovakia), Prof. T'u Chang-Wang (China); Secretary-General: J. G. Crowther (U.K.); Individual Members of the Executive Council: Prof.T'sien San-T'sian (China), Prof. L. Infeld (Poland), Prof. K. Bratanov (Bulgaria),

(vacant). Regional Representatives: British Commonwealth (vacant); EastEurope (vacant); East Asia: Dr. S. Ting (China); Middle East and India: Mr. A. C. De(India); Scandinavia: (vacant); Union of Soviet Socialist Republics: Prof. I. Lebedev;United States of America: Prof. Kirtley Mather; West Europe: P. Biquard (France).

6 MEMBERS: National Associations as follows: Bulgaria: Bulgarian Association ofScientific Workers, Sofia; China: Chinese Federation of Scientific Societies, Peking;

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Czechoslovakia: Czechoslovakia!! Association of Scientific Workers, Prague; Denmark:Danish Society for the Protection of Scientific Work, Copenhagen; France: Associationdes Travailleurs Scientifiques, Paris; Syndicat National de l'Enseignement Superieuret de la Recherche Scientifique, Paris; Syndicat des Travailleurs de PEnergie Atomique,Paris; Greece: Greek Science Reconstruction Society, Athens; India: Association ofScientific Workers of India, New Delhi; Hungary: Association of Scientific and TechnicalSocieties of Hungary, Budapest; JVetu Zealand: New Zealand Association of ScientificWorkers, Wellington, C.I.; Poland: Polish Federation of Scientific Societies, Warsaw;Union of South Africa: Association of Scientific Workers of South Africa, Cape Town;United Kingdom: Association of Scientific Workers, London; United States of America:Association of Scientific Workers, New York; Union of Soviet Socialist Republics:Trade Union of Higher Educational and Scientific Workers, Moscow.

9 FINANCES: Subscriptions from member organizations.

10 MEETINGS: The Assembly meets in principle every two years.

11 VOTING: Voting is by delegates, the number of which vary from country to country.

12 PUBLICATIONS: Science and Mankind, periodical.

14 SHORT HISTORY: The Federation was founded in July 1946. The First General Assemblyheld in Prague, 21-24 September 1948, was attended by 33 delegates and observersfrom 13 countries (Austria, Bulgaria, Canada, China, Czechoslovakia, Denmark,France, Greece, Hungary, Poland, Union of South Africa, United Kingdom, UnitedStates of America). The Second Assembly was held in Paris and Prague, April 1951.

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REGIONAL ORGANIZATIONS

CARIBBEAN COMMISSION[COMMISSION DES CARAIBES]

2 ADDRESS: Kent House, Port-of-Spain, Trinidad. Telephone: 21241-5. Cable address:CENSEC PORT-OF-SPAIN.

3 NATURE: Intergovernmental.

4 AIMS: To encourage and strengthen co-operation among the Member Governmentsand their territories with a view to improving the economic and social well-being of thepeoples of those territories; to promote scientific, technological and economic develop-ment in the Caribbean Area and to facilitate the use of resources and the concertedtreatment of mutual problems; to avoid duplication in the work of existing researchagencies; to ascertain needs, what research is being done, facilitate research on aco-operative basis and recommend further research.

Specifically the Commission concerns itself with economic and social matters ofcommon interest to the Caribbean Area, particularly agriculture, communications,education, fisheries, health, housing, industry, labour, social welfare and trade; itsfunctions are to study, formulate and recommend on its own initiative or as may beproposed by any one of the Member or territorial governments, by its two auxiliarybodies, the Caribbean Research Council and the West Indian Conference, measures,programmes and policies with respect to social and economic problems designed tocontribute to the well-being of the Caribbean Area, to advise the member and territo-rial governments on all such matters and to make recommendations for the carryinginto effect of all action necessary or desirable in this connexion and to assist in co-ordin-ating local projects which have regional significance, as well as to provide technicalguidance in a wide field not otherwise available.

5 GOVERNING BODIES: The Commission consists of four National Sections: French,Netherlands, British and United States of America. Each Section consists of fourCommissioners appointed by their particular governments which also designate oneof the four as Chairman of the Section. Each National Section nominates one represen-tative and the four together constitute a Working Committee to take interim decisionsbetween the meetings of the Commission, OFFICERS: Commissioners: Baron EdmondPetit de Beauverger, G. Rosaz, L. Feuillard, H. A. Wiltord (France); Dr. HendrikRiemens, Jonkheer L. Quarles van Ufford, C. H. H. Jongbaw, W. C. de la Try Ellis(Netherlands); Sir George Seel, K.C.M.G., J. K. Thompson, G. H. Adams, C.M.G.,W. A. Bustamante (U.K.); Ward M. Canaday, Senator Luis Negron Lopez, Sol I.Descartes, Dr. A. G. Moron (U.S.A.). Principal members of the Secretariat: Secretary-General: E. F. H. de Vriendt (Netherlands); Deputy Secretary-General: C. F. Beau-regard (France); Deputy Chairman of Caribbean Research Council: Dr. Eric Williams(U.K.); Consultant for Industrial Development: J. E. Heesterman (Netherlands).

6 MEMBERS : France, Netherlands, United Kingdom, United States of America.

7 COMMISSIONS : West Indian Conference: This consists of two delegates from each of thenon-self-governing British, Netherlands and United States Caribbean territories andfrom the French Departments of Martinique, Guadeloupe and French Guiana. Itmeets once in two years. The last meeting was at Pointe-a-Pitre, Guadeloupe in May1952. Caribbean Research Council: This is an auxiliary body of the Commission whichconsiders the research problems of the area and recommends action to the Commission,including the undertaking of research assignments. It meets annually.

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8 FACILITIES: Library, approximately 2,000 volumes; 15,000 documents.

9 FINANCES : Expenses are met by contribution to a common fund by the four MemberGovernments in the proportion of 38.4 per cent from the United States of America,34.3 per cent from the United Kingdom, 11.3 per cent from the Netherlands and 16 percent from France. The amount of the Budget voted for 1952 was U.S. $341,323.

10 MEETINGS: The Commission meets twice yearly.

11 VOTING: Decisions on procedural matters require agreement by at least three of thefour Co-Chairmen. Decisions other than those relating to procedure require the con-currence of all Co-Chairmen or their designated alternates.

12 PUBLICATIONS: Monthly Information Bulletin (English, French). Caribbean EconomicReview, twice yearly (English, French). Technical Publications, including specialstudies on fisheries, crops, trade, industry, research, etc. Reports, including reportsof technical conferences, which contain papers presented as documentation. Yearbookof Caribbean Research, five sections, appearing successively at two-yearly intervals.

14 SHORT HISTORY: The Caribbean Commission is an expansion of the Anglo-AmericanCaribbean Commission established in 1942 by the Governments of the United Kingdomand the United States of America as a consultative and advisory body to encourageand strengthen social and economic co-operation between the United Kingdom andthe British Colonies in the Caribbean, and the United States and its territories in thatarea. During the recent war this Commission studied problems arising out of the warand made appropriate recommendations, helping to ensure food supplies when enemysubmarine attacks were at their height, and dealing with health, sanitation and moraleproblems resulting from the presence of large military and naval forces from theContinental United States in British and U.S. Territories. After the war the Commissionaddressed itself to the development of plans for carrying out long-term objectives andfor meeting new problems of a post-war world. It was expanded in 1945 by the adher-ence of the French and Netherlands Governments.

15 BIBLIOGRAPHY: Annual Reports of the Anglo-American Commission, 1942-1943, 1944,1945. Annual Reports of Caribbean Commission, 1946, 1947. Reports of West IndianConference, 1944, 1946, 1948, 1950.

EUROPEAN BROADCASTING UNION (EBU)[UNION EUROPEENNE DE RADIODIFFUSION (UER)]

2 ADDRESS: Headquarters and Administrative Office: 37, quai Wilson, Geneva, Switzer-land. Telephone: 2 90 55; 2 35 97. Cable address: UNIRADIO GENEVA. Technical Centre:32, avenue Lancaster, Brussels, Belgium. Telephone: 74 17 97; 74 17 98. Cable address:UNIRADIO BRUSSELS.

3 NATURE: Non-governmental.

4 AIMS: (a) To support in every domain the interests of broadcasting organizations whichhave accepted the Statutes of the Union, and to establish relations with other broad-casting organizations; (b) to promote and co-ordinate the study of all questions relatingto broadcasting, and to ensure the exchange of information on all matters of generalinterest to broadcasting organizations; (c) to promote all measures whose object is toassist the development of broadcasting in all its forms; (d) to seek the solution bymeans of international co-operation of any difficulties that may arise; (e) to use itsbest endeavours to ensure that all its members respect the provisions of internationalagreements relating to broadcasting.

5 GOVERNING BODIES: General Assembly; Administrative Council; Directors (Statutesart. 14). OFFICERS: President: Georges Conus (Switzerland, 31 December 1954); Vice-

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Presidents: Leon Daumard (France, 31 December 1954), Salvino Sernesi (Italy,31 December 1954); Director of Administrative Office: Leo Wallenborn (Belgium);Director of Technical Centre: H. Angles d'Auriac (France).

6 MEMBERS: Active and associate members in the following countries and territories:Australia, Austria, Belgium, Belgian Congo, Burma (Union of), Canada, Ceylon,Denmark, Egypt, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Lebanon,Luxembourg, Monaco, Morocco, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Pakistan, Portugal,Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Tunisia, Turkey, Union of South Africa, United Kingdom,United States of America, Vatican City, Yugoslavia.

7 COMMISSIONS: Legal Committee: President: Ph.de Vries (Netherlands). TechnicalCommittee: President: F. da Cunha de Ec,a (Portugal).

8 FACILITIES: Technical Centre in Brussels; libraries in Geneva and Brussels.

9 FINANCES: Membership dues. Budget 1950: 446,000 Sw.fr.; 1951: 565,200 Sw.fr.;1952: 684,000 Sw.fr.

10 MEETINGS: The General Assembly meets annually.

12 PUBLICATIONS: Documentation and Information Bulletin, every two months. Collectionof Documents on different aspects of broadcasting (English, French). Quarterly Reportsof the Technical Centre (English, French) controlling the use of frequencies allocated tobroadcasting (middle and long waves in the European area). Short Wave Reports(listening results in Western Europe), periodically (English, French).

13 RELATIONS WITH OTHER INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS: Working agreement withILO; relations with the Bureau of the International Union for the Protection ofLiterary and Artistic Works, etc.

14 SHORT HISTORY: The European Broadcasting Union was created at Torquay, U.K.,on 12 February 1950 by 21 Organizations of the European Broadcasting Area. Sincethen two more Organizations have joined the Union as active members (Europeanarea) and 12 non-European Organizations have joined as associate members.

15 BIBLIOGRAPHY: Yearbook of International Organizations 1951-1952, pp. 715-6.

INDO-PACIFIC FISHERIES COUNCIL (IPFC)[CONSEIL INDO-PACIFIQUE DES PECHES]

2 ADDRESS: FAO Regional Office, Maliwan Mansion, Phra Atit Road, Bangkok, Thailand.Telephone: 22408-09. Cable address: FOODAGRI BANGKOK.

3 NATURE: Intergovernmental.

4 AIMS: (a) To formulate the oceanographical, biological and other technical aspectsof the problems of development and proper utilization of living aquatic resources;(b) to encourage and co-ordinate research and the application of improved methodsin everyday practice; (c) to assemble, publish or otherwise disseminate oceanographical,biological and other technical information relating to living aquatic resources; (d) torecommend to member governments such national or co-operative research anddevelopment projects as may appear necessary or desirable to fill gaps in such know-ledge; (e) to undertake, where appropriate, co-operative research and developmentprojects directed to this end; (f) to propose and, where necessary, to adopt, measuresto bring about the standardization of scientific equipment, techniques and nomen-.clature; (g) to extend its good offices in assisting member governments to secureessential materials and equipment; (h) to report upon such questions relating tooceanographical, biological and other technical problems as may be recommended toit by member governments or by FAO and other international, national or private

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organizations, with related interests; (i) to report annually to the FAO Conferenceupon its activities, for the information of the Conference; and to make such reportsto FAO on matters falling within the competence of the Council as may seem to itnecessary and desirable. These functions are to be carried out in the Indo-Pacific Area.

5 GOVERNING BODIES : Each Member Government is represented at the meetings of theCouncil by a single delegate, who may be accompanied by an alternate and by expertsand advisers. The officers of the Council consist of a Chairman, a Vice-Chairman anda Secretary who, with the immediately retiring past Chairman, together constitutethe Executive Council, which is empowered to carry out the executive functions of theCouncil between formal meetings. The Chairman and the Vice-Chairman are electedfrom among the delegates or alternate delegates. The Secretary is the FAO RegionalFisheries Officer, OFFICERS (for 1952-53): Chairman: Raoul Serene (France), Director,Oceanographic Institute, Nha Trang, Viet-Nam; Vice-Chairman: Nai Boon Indram-barya (Thailand), Director-General, Department of Fisheries, Bangkok, Thailand;Member: Dr. D. V. Villadolid (Philippines), Director, Bureau of Fisheries, Manila,Philippines; Secretary: Dr. Cecil Miles (U.K.), Regional Fisheries Officer, FAO RegionalOffice for Asia and the Far East, Bangkok, Thailand.

6 MEMBERS: Australia, Burma (Union of), Cambodia, Ceylon, China, France, India,Indonesia, Korea, Netherlands, Pakistan, Philippines, Thailand, United Kingdom,United States of America, Viet-Nam. Membership is open to Member Governmentsof FAO. It is also open to governments not members of FAO with the approval of theFAO Conference and of two-thirds of the members of the Council. Participation bythe latter governments is contingent upon the assumption of a proportional sharein the expenses of the secretariat.

7 COMMISSIONS : Two technical committees are appointed each with an elected chairmanand rapporteur. It is the function of each committee in its own field to plan technicalactivities for the approval of the Council and to see that activities approved by theCouncil are carried out with the assistance of subcommittees. Technical Committee I:Hydrology and Biology: Chairman: D. Rochford (Australia); Rapporteur: Dr. N. K.Panikkar (India); Members: R. Serene (France), W.H.Schuster (Netherlands),C. J. Bottemane (Netherlands), Dr. Nazir Ahmad (Pakistan), D. K. Villaluz (Philip-pines), Boon Indrambarya (Thailand), Soong Min-Kong (China), O. E. Sette (U.S.A.).Technical Committee II: Technology and Economics: Chairman: T. W. Burdon (U.K.);Rapporteur: Dr. M. R. Quereshi (Pakistan); Members: A. Dunbavin-Butcher (Austra-lia), Dom-Saveun (Cambodia), J. Lamasson (France), Dr. B. N. Chopra (India),Amin Katamsi (Indonesia), C. J. Bottemane (Netherlands), Carlo Martin (Philippines),Boon Indrambarya (Thailand), Dr. H. J. Deason (U.S.A.), Tran Van Tri (Viet-Nam).

8 FACILITIES : There is a growing library of the IPFC and the Fisheries Division of theFAO Far East Regional Office.

9 FINANCES: The expenses of the secretariat, including publications and communications,and of the Chairman and Vice-Chairman when performing duties connected with itswork during intervals between meetings, are paid by FAO. The expenses of researchor development projects undertaken by individual members of the Council, whetherindependently or upon the recommendation of the Council, shall be paid bythe respective governments. The expenses incurred in connexion with co-operativeresearch or development projects undertaken by governments shall be paid by govern-ments in the proportion to which they shall mutually agree.

10 MEETINGS : The Chairman calls a meeting of the Council at least once a year, unlessdirected otherwise by the majority of Member Governments.

11 VOTING: Each member has a vote.

12 PUBLICATIONS: IPFC Proceedings, after each meeting of the Council. IPFC CurrentAffairs Bulletin, every two months. IPFC Special Publications, occasional. IPFCOccasional Papers, occasional. IPFC Library Accession Lists, monthly.

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13 RELATIONS WITH OTHER INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS: The Council has dealingswith the South Pacific Commission, the Pacific Science Association, Unesco, theInternational Council for the Exploration of the Sea, the Mediterranean FisheriesCouncil, the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature, the EconomicCommission for Asia and the Far East, etc. and exchanges observers with some ofthem as and when necessary.

14 SHORT HISTORY: At the FAO Fisheries Conference held in Baguio, Philippines, in Febru-ary 1948, the representatives of Burma, China, France, India, Netherlands, Philippines,United Kingdom and United States of America, agreed to recommend to their Govern-ments the establishment of an Indo-Pacific Fisheries Council. The Agreement for theEstablishment of the Indo-Pacific Fisheries Council, which was prepared at thatConference, came into force on 9 November 1948, on receipt at FAO headquarters ofthe formal acceptance of the Baguio Agreement by the Fifth Member Government.The inaugural meeting was held in Singapore, 24-31 March 1949; the second andthird meetings in Cronulla, 17-28 April 1950, and Madras, 1-16 February 1951, respect-ively; and the fourth at Quezon City, 23 October-9 November 1952.

INTER-AMERICAN INDIAN INSTITUTE[iNSTITUT INDIGENISTE INTERAMERICAIN]

INSTITUTO INDIGENISTA INTERAMERICANO

2 ADDRESS: Ninos Heroes 139, Mexico 7, D.F., Mexico. Telephone: 10-15-68; 35-54-78.

3 NATURE: Intergovernmental.

4 AIMS: To prepare, co-ordinate and implement (alone or in collaboration with similaror private institutions or individuals interested in the problems of Indians) measuresfor the purpose of fulfilling the legitimate aspirations and needs of the 30 millionIndians of the American continent.

5 GOVERNING BODIES: Governing Board, consisting of one representative from each ofthe 15 member countries; Executive Committee, consisting of five members elected forfive years, OFFICERS : President of the Governing Board: Dr. Homero Viteri Lafronte(Ecuador, 1954); Vice-President of the Governing Board: Dr. Domingo Sarasty (Colom-bia, 1954); President of the Executive Committee: Dr. Rafael Angarita Arvelo (Venezuela,1954); Director of the Institute: Dr. Manuel Gamio (Mexico, 1955); Secretary of theInstitute: Dr. Juan Comas (Mexico).

6 MEMBERS: The International Convention for the establishment of the Institute wassigned and ratified by the following countries: Bolivia, Colombia, Costa Rica, DominicanRepublic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama,Paraguay, Peru, United States of America, Venezuela. Argentina has not yet ratifiedthe Convention.

7 COMMISSIONS : In accordance with the International Convention (Article X), NationalIndian Institutes have been set up in the following countries: Bolivia, Colombia,Ecuador, El Salvador, Guatemala, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Peru, and UnitedStates of America, as well as a National Indian Commission in Venezuela. TheseInstitutes, with their headquarters in the capitals of these various countries, are bran-ches of the Instituto Indigenista Interamericano.

8 FACILITIES: Library of 4,200 volumes; full directory of specialists on American Indianquestions; unpublished collections of records of native music, and photographicarchives of Indians of all the American countries,

9 FINANCES: Subscriptions from Member States, and occasional subventions from inter-national or private organizations.

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10 MEETINGS: The Governing Board holds ordinary general meetings every two years,and such extraordinary general meetings as may be convened by the Executive Com-mittee. The Executive Committee meets annually. Inter-American Indian Congressesare held every four years in principle.

11 VOTING: By countries.

12 PUBLICATIONS: America Indigena, Boletin Indigenista (supplement), quarterly; doublesubscription: 16 Mexican pesos; U.S.$2. Special publications 3, 12 since 1943.

13 RELATIONS WITH OTHER INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS: Official relations with thePan American Union (as General Secretariat of the Organization of American States),FAO, Unesco and ILO.

14 SHORT HISTORV: The Institute was established in April 1940 at the First Inter-AmericanIndian Congress, attended by representatives of 19 American countries. The SecondCongress was held at Cuzco, Peru, in June 1949, and the Third in Bolivia in 1953.

15 BIBLIOGRAPHY: Actividades del Institute Indigenista Interamericano by Manuel Gamio,Mexico, 1944. Handbook of International Organisations in the Americas, by Ruth D.Masters, Washington, D.C., 1945.

INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF WESTAFRICANISTS (CIAO)

[CONFERENCE INTERNATIONALE DES AFRICANISTES DE L'OUEST (CIAO)]

CONFERENCIA INTERNACIONAL DE AFRICAMSTAS OCCIDENTALES

CONFERENCIA INTERNACIONAL DE AFRICANISTAS OCCIDENTAIS

2 ADDRESS: c/o Institut Francais d'Afrique Noire, Dakar, French West Africa. Tele-phone: 23-07; 23-08; Cable address: IFAN DAKAR.

3 NATURE: Semi-governmental.

4 AIMS: To convene every two years a conference of geographers, naturalists, ethnolo-gists, etc. dealing with West Africa; to protect native arts, natural features and archae-ological or historic monuments; to exchange information in the various branchesof the natural sciences and humanistic studies pertaining to those territories.

5 GOVERNING BODIES: Permanent International Committee, composed of the followingrepresentatives: United Kingdom: Prof. C. Daryll Forde (London); Spain: Prof. F.Hernandez-Pacheco (Madrid), Prof. S. Alcover Noguer (Madrid); French Africa: Prof.Th. Monod (Dakar); British West Africa: Prof. Webb (Ibadan); Portugal: Prof. A. A.Mendes-Correa (Lisbon), Prof. Orlando Ribeiro (Lisbon).

9 FINANCES: The expenses are defrayed by the Government of the territory where theConference is held.

10 MEETINGS : Conference every two years in one of the territories of West Africa con-trolled by the countries belonging to the Permanent International Committee.

12 PUBLICATIONS: Proceedings, published by the Government organizing the Conference.Compte-rendu CIAO 11945, 2 vols., Dakar, IFAN, I. 1950, 532 pp., II. 1951, 569 pp.Compte-rendu CIAO II 1947, 4 vols., Lisbon, I. 1950, 335 pp., II. 1950, 343 pp.,III. 1951, 309 pp., IV. 1952.

14 SHORT HISTORY: The First Conference was held at Dakar from 10 to 25 January 1945,on the initiative of the Institut FranQais d'Afrique Noire; the Second Conference atBissao, Portuguese Guinea, from 9 to 17 December 1947; the Third Conference atIbadan, Nigeria, from 12 to 21 December 1949, and the Fourth at Fernando Po, SpanishGuinea, from 5 to 12 December 1951.

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INTERNATIONAL FISHERIES COMMISSION[COMMISSION INTERNATIONALE DES PECHERIES]

2 ADDRESS : Fisheries Hall No. 2,_ University of Washington, Seattle 5, Wash., U.S.A.Telephone: Melrose 4433.

3 NATURE: Intergovernmental.

4 AIMS: To preserve and develop the halibut fishery of the Northeast Pacific, by regula-tion based upon scientific investigation.

5 GOVERNING BODIES : A Commission composed of four members, two appointed by thePresident of the United States of America and two by the Governor-General of Canad:for indefinite periods, OFFICERS: Chairman: George W. Nickerson (Canada); Secretary*Edward W. Allen (U.S.A., January 1954); Other Members: George R. Clark (Canada),Milton C. James (U.S.A.). Director of Investigations: Henry A. Dunlop.

6 MEMBERS : Canada, United States of America.

8 FACILITIES: Laboratory, research centre and library with 2,800 volumes.

9 FINANCES: 1951-52 budget: Canada $50,000; U.S.A. $50,000.

10 MEETINGS: Annually in January; other meetings when necessary.

11 VOTING: By individual vote.

12 PUBLICATIONS : Reports (18) and Circulars (7) at irregular intervals between 1928 and1952. Regulations, annually since 1932.

14 SHORT HISTORY: The Commission was established in 1923 by Convention betweenCanada and the United States of America, and continued by the succeeding Conven-tions of 1930 and 1937.

15 BIBLIOGRAPHY: International Fisheries Commission (U.S.A. and Canada), CircularNo. 1, Seattle, 1936. Report, Nos. 1, 5, 7, 13, Seattle, 1928-48.

INTERNATIONAL PACIFIC SALMONFISHERIES COMMISSION

[COMMISSION INTERNATIONALE DES PECHERIES DU SAUMON DU PACIFIQUE]

2 ADDRESS: P.O. Box 1120, Dominion Building, New Westminster, B.C., Canada.Telephone: 4200.

3 NATURE: Intergovernmental.

4 AIMS : Appointed under a Convention between Canada and the United States of Americafor the protection, preservation and extension of the sockeye salmon fisheries on theFraser River systems. The Commission will make a thorough investigation into thenatural history of the Fraser River sockeye salmon, into hatchery methods, spawningground conditions and other related matters. It may recommend to the two govern-ments the removal of obstructions to the migration of the sockeye salmon. The Com-mission is empowered to limit and prohibit taking sockeye salmon in Conventionwaters and allow, as nearly as practicable, an equal portion of fish to be caught byfishermen of the two countries.

5 GOVERNING BODIES: The Commission consists of six members, three for the UnitedStates of America and three for Canada, OFFICERS : Canada: Thomas Reid, Senator,Parliament Buildings, Ottawa, Ont.; A. J. Whitmore, Chief Supervisor of Fisheries,Vancouver, B.C.; H. R. MacMillan, Vancouver, B.C. United States of America: Robert

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J. Schoettler, State Director of Fisheries, Smith Tower, Seattle, Wash.; Albert M. Day,Director, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Washington, D.C.; Elton B. Jones, Attorney,Seattle, Wash. Director: Loyd A. Royal.

6 MEMBERS : Canada, United States of America.

9 FINANCES: Yearly appropriations by each country.

10 MEETINGS: The Commission meets approximately four times a year.

11 VOTING: No action taken by the Commission under the authority of this Conventionshall be active unless it is affirmatively voted by at least two of the Commissionersof each country.

12 PUBLICATIONS: International Pacific Salmon Fisheries Commission, annual report.International Pacific Salmon Fisheries Commission Bulletin, non-periodical, containsscientific data approved by the Commission.

14 SHORT HISTORY: The sockeye Salmon Fisheries Convention between Canada and theU.S.A. was signed on 26 May 1930. Ratifications were exchanged on 28 July 1937.The Convention called for eight years of investigation, after which regulation was tobegin. The investigations presented proof of the existence of obstructions and theirmenace to the sockeye salmon runs to the Fraser River. Funds were appropriated tocorrect the obstruction to the normal migration of the sockeye salmon, and fishwayswere constructed at Hell's Gate and Bridge River Rapids in the Fraser River and atFarwell Canyon on the Chilcotin River, a tributary to the Fraser River. In 1946 theCommission began regulating the fishery in Convention waters, to allow the commercialfishermen of both countries as many sockeye salmon as the runs would stand and atthe same time protect those depleted early races to the upper Fraser River tributaries.The Commission next turned their attention to the rehabilitation of areas which wereonce great producers of sockeye. A field station has been established in the Quesnalarea to take sockeye eggs from a donor stream, hatch and rear them, and to rehabilitatethese once important spawning grounds.

PACIFIC SCIENCE ASSOCIATION (PSA)[ASSOCIATION SCIENTIFIQUE DU PACIFIQUE]

ASOCIACWN DE LAS CIENCIAS DEL PACIFICO

2 ADDRESS : Pacific Science Council Secretariat (Executive Secretary: Loring G. Hudson),Bernice P. Bishop Museum, Honolulu 17, Hawaii. Telephone: 86438. Cable address:PACSCIENCE HONOLULU.

3 NATURE: Semi-governmental.

4 AIMS: To initiate and promote co-operation in the study of scientific problems relatingto the Pacific region, more particularly those affecting the prosperity and well-beingof the Pacific peoples. To strengthen the bonds of peace among Pacific peoples bypromoting a feeling of brotherhood among the scientists of all Pacific countries.

5 GOVERNING BODIES: The Pacific Science Council consists of representatives fromAustralia, Canada, China, France, Hawaii, Indonesia, Japan, Netherlands, New Zea-land, Philippines, Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, United Kingdom, UnitedStates of America. At the Seventh Pacific Science Congress held in New Zealand in1949, the Council decided to have a Permanent Secretariat, since established in Hawaii.OFFICERS: President, Seventh Pacific Science Congress: Dr. R. A. Falla (New Zealand);Convener, Secretariat Finance Committee: Dr. Gilbert Archey (New Zealand); ExecutiveSecretary, Pacific Science Council Secretariat: Loring G. Hudson (U.S.A.); AssistantSecretary: Brenda Bishop (New Zealand); Secretary-General, Eighth Pacific ScienceCongress: Dr. Patrocinio Valenzuela (Philippines).

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6 MEMBERS: Adherence by institutions: Argentina: Sociedad Cientifica ArgentinaBuenos Aires; Australia: Australian National Research Council, Sydney; Bolivia:Sociedad Geografica de La Paz, La Paz; Brazil: Academia Brazileira de Ciencias, Riode Janeiro; Canada: National Research Council, Ottawa; Chile: Academia Chilena,Santiago; China: Academia Sinica, Nanking; Colombia: Academia Colombiana deCiencias, Bogota; Costa Rica: Academia Costariquena, San Jose; Denmark: DetKongelige Danske Videnskabernes, Copenhagen; Ecuador: Escuela Politecnica Nacional,Quito; El Salvador; Academia Salvadorena, San Salvador; France: Academie desSciences, Paris; Hawaii: Bernice P. Bishop Museum, Honolulu; Hong Kong: TheRegistrar, The University; Indonesia: Science Council of Indonesia; Batavia; Japan:Science Council of Japan, Tokyo; Mexico: Academia Nacional de Ciencias 'AntonioAlzate', Mexico, D.F.; Netherlands: Section of Sciences, Koninklijke NederlandscheAkademie van Wetenschappen, Amsterdam; New Zealand: The Royal Society ofNew Zealand, Victoria University College Buildings, Wellington; Norway: The Nor-wegian Academy of Science and Letters, Oslo; Panama: The Registrar, UniversidadBolivariana; Peru: Academia Peruana, Lima; Philippines: National Research Councilof the Philippines, University of the Philippines, Manila; Portugal: Academy of Sciencesof Lisbon, Lisbon; Singapore: Malayan Branch, Royal Asiatic Society, Raffles Museumand Library; Sweden: Swedish Royal Academy of Sciences, Stockholm; Thailand:Science Society of Thailand, Bangkok; Union of Soviet Socialist Republics: Academyof Sciences of the U.S.S.R., Leningrad; United Kingdom: The Royal Society, London;United States of America: National Research Council, Washington, D.C.; Venezuela:Academia de Ciencias, Caracas; Viet-Nam: Institut Scientifique de l'lndochine, Hanoi.

Adherence by Governments: American Samoa: The Secretary to the Governor, PagoPago, Tutuila; Fiji: The Colonial Secretary, The Secretariat, Suva; Guam: TheSecretary to the Governor, Naval Government; Guatemala: Ministerio de RelacionesExteriores; Honduras: Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores; Macao: The Secretary tothe Governor; New Caledonia: The Secretary to the Governor, New Caledonia andDependencies, Noumea; Nicaragua: Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores, Managua;Paraguay: Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores; Tahiti: The Secretary to the Governor,French Establishments in Oceania, Papeete; Tonga: H.B.M. Agent and Consul,Nukualofa, Tongatabu; Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands: High Commissioner,Honolulu; Uruguay: Ministerio de Relacions Exteriores.

7 COMMISSIONS: The Council has the following Standing Committees; Vulcanology ofthe Pacific Area: Chairman: J. Healy (New Zealand); Geological History of the Indo-Pacific Area: Chairman: Prof. R. S. Allan (New Zealand); Seismology of the Pacific:Chairman: Dr. C. F. Richter (U.S.A.); Meteorology of the Pacific: Chairman: DeanA. F. Spilhaus (U.S.A.); Terrestrial Faunas of the Inner Pacific: Chairman: E .G.Turbott (New Zealand); Pacific Conservation: Chairman: Dr. R. A. Falla (New Zea-land); Pacific Entomology: Chairman: Dr. L. B. Uichanco (Philippines); PacificPlant Areas: Chairman: Dr. W. R. B. Oliver (New Zealand); Museums in PacificResearch: Chairman: Dr. R. Cushman Murphy (U.S.A.); Soil and Land Classificationin the Pacific Area: Chairman: J. K. Taylor (Australia); Forest Resources of the PacificArea: Chairman: Stephen N. Wyckoff (U.S.A.); Crop Improvement in the Pacific Area:Chairman: (vacant); Anthropology and Social Sciences in the Pacific: Chairman: Prof.E. Beaglehole (New Zealand); Mountain Structure of the Pacific Area: Chairman:Dr. H. A. Brouwer (Netherlands); Oceanography of the Pacific: Chairman: Dr. ThomasG. Thompson (U.S.A.); Systematic Zoology: Chairman: Dr. H. Boschma (Netherlands);Animal Improvement in the Pacific Area: Chairman: Dr. Valente Villegas (Philippines).

8 FACILITIES: Information service on scientific activities in the Pacific; Pacific AreaCommunicable Disease Information Service; Periodicals Exchange Centre for Scien-tific Libraries in the Pacific Area (in co-operation with Unesco Science Liaison Offices).

9 FINANCES : The Pacific Science Council Secretariat is supported (1 March 1952 through28 February 1954) by grants from the Rockefeller Foundation, the Coolidge Foun-dation, and the Government of France. The Pacific Science Congress finances are

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provided by the host country. The Seventh Congress was further aided by a grant fromUnesco.

10 MEETINGS: Pacific Science Congresses are held every two to five years. Pacific ScienceCouncil meetings are held during Congresses.

11 VOTING: In Congress plenary sessions voting is by individuals; in Council meetingseach member has one vote.

12 PUBLICATIONS: Secretariat Information Bulletin, nine times a year (English). PacificArea Communicable Disease Information Service (PACDIS), monthly (English).A Report on communicable diseases other than the six diseases (plague, typhus, yellowfever, smallpox, cholera, relapsing fever), which are reported on a world-wide basisby WHO.

13 RELATIONS WITH OTHER INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS: Consultative arrangementswith Unesco; liaison relations with other international scientific organizations.

14 SHORT HISTORY: Congresses: Hawaii 1920; Australia 1923; Japan 1926; Java 1929;Canada 1933; United States of America 1939. The Congress scheduled to be held inManila in 1943 was cancelled on account of the war. The Eighth Congress was heldin February 1949 at Auckland, New Zealand. The Secretary-General was Dr. GilbertArchey, Director of the Auckland Institute and Museum, Auckland, S.E.I. Dr. Archeywas also Honorary Secretary of the Interim Secretariat until the establishment of thePermanent Secretariat in Honolulu, 20 March 1950.

15 BIBLIOGRAPHY: Proceedings of the seven Congresses of the Pacific Science Association.Report on the Pacific Science Association, Bernice P. Bishop Museum, Honolulu, 1951.Special Publication 41.

16 COMMENTS: The Eighth Pacific Science Congress will be held from 16 to 28 November1953 in Manila with the National Research Council of the Philippines as host institution.

SCIENTIFIC COUNCIL FOR AFRICA SOUTHOF THE SAHARA (CSA)

[CONSEIL SCIENTIFIQUE POUR L'AFRIQUE AU SUD DU SAHARA (CSA)]

2 ADDRESS: The Secretary-General, CSA, P.O. Box 21, Kikuyu, Kenya. Telephone:Kikuyu 29. Cable address: CSA AGFORORG KIKUYU KENYA.

3 NATURE: Intergovernmental.

4 AIMS: To promote contact between research workers; promote liaison between inter-governmental scientific bureaux or regional scientific councils; convene period confe-rences of a general scientific character and facilitate meetings of groups of specialists;compile, maintain and distribute scientific information; foster the creation in Africaof centres of specialized documentation; study what research projects of commoninterest could be usefully suggested to Governments, research agencies or univer-sities and submit recommendations; and act as scientific adviser to the Commissionfor Technical Co-operation in Africa South of the Sahara.

5 GOVERNING BODIES: Governmental representatives of Belgium, France, Portugal,Southern Rhodesia, Union of South Africa, United Kingdom, who act through theExecutive machinery of the Commission for Technical Co-operation in Africa Southof the Sahara. OFFICERS: Chairman: Prof. P. J. du Toit, F.R.S. (Union of SouthAfrica); Vice-Chairman: Prof. J. Millot (France); Members: Prof. G. Aubert (France),Dr. L. van den Berghe (Belgium), Prof. F. J. Camboumac (Portugal), Sir AlexanderCarr-Saunders, F.B.A. (U.K.), Prof. A. Mendes Correia (Portugal), Dr. S. H. Haughton(U.K.), Sir Bernhard A. Keen, F.R.S. (U.K.), Dr. J. P. Lebrun (Belgium), Prof.

302

Th. Monod (France), Col. H. W. MuUigan (U.K.), N. P. Sellick (Southern Rhodesia).Alternate Members: Dr. G. J. Bone (Belgium), Sir Frank Engledow, F.R.S. (U.K.),Eng. F. Mouta (Portugal), Dr. H. H. Storey, F.R.S. (U.K.), Prof. J. L. Trochain(France), Dr. S. M. Naude (Union of South Africa). Secretary-General: Dr. E. B.Worthington (U.K., 5 years); Assistant Chief Scientist: H. J. Bredo (Belgium); Assis-tant Secretary: Miss S. Welch (U.K.).

6 MEMBERS: Belgium, France, Portugal, Southern Rhodesia, Union of South Africa,United Kingdom.

8 FACILITIES: Use of the adjacent laboratories and library of the East African Agri-cultural and Forestry Research Organization, P.O. Box 21, Kikuyu, Kenya.

9 FINANCES: Quotas from participating Governments as follows: United Kingdom andU.K. Territories in Africa, 24 per cent; Union of South Africa and South West Africa,20 per cent; Southern Rhodesia, 5 per cent; Portugal (Metropolitan and Overseas),15 per cent; France and French Overseas Territories, 20 per cent; Belgium, BelgianCongo, and Ruanda Urundi, 16 per cent. The Budget for 1952 was £25,181.

10 MEETINGS: Full meetings of the Council, and of the Executive Committee, annually.12 PUBLICATIONS: Brochure, August 1951 (English, French). Annual Report, November

1950-July 1952.13 RELATIONS WITH OTHER INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS: Scientific Adviser to the

Commission for Technical Co-operation in Africa South of the Sahara (CCTA); liaisonwith International Bureaux set up under CCTA.

14 SHORT HISTORY: The Council was founded in May 1950 in London, by representativesof the Governments of Belgium, France, Portugal, Southern Rhodesia, Union of SouthAfrica, and United Kingdom, following the recommendations of the British Common-wealth Scientific Conference 1946, and the decision of the African Regional ScientificConference, Johannesburg, October 1949. The Council held its First Congress at Nairobifrom 21 to 24 November 1950.

15 BIBLIOGRAPHY: Proceedings of African Regional Scientific Conference, Johannesburg,October 1949. 1951-52 Yearbook of International Organizations, Brussels.

16 COMMENTS: The Secretariat is accumulating and tabulating information for: (a) aDirectory of Scientific and Technical Libraries; (b) a List of Scientific Institutes andDepartments South of the Sahara; (c) a List of Maps of Africa South of the Sahara,divided into (i) topographic maps indicating the areas covered by the various series andtheir availability; (ii) special subject maps.

The second meeting of the Council reviewed principal subjects with which CSA isengaged and selected the following as having highest priority: Surveys and Maps,Geology, Zoology, Hydrobiology and Fisheries, Research into the Abilities of AfricanPeoples, Library and Information Services.

The CSA convened a small specialist meeting of Geologists in June 1952, to considerproposals for establishing an Inter-African Bureau for Geological Co-operation inAfrica South of the Sahara.

SOUTH PACIFIC COMMISSION (SPC)[COMMISSION DU PACIFIQUE SUD]

2 ADDRESS: Pentagon, Anse Vata, Noumea, New Caledonia. Cable address: SOUTHPACOMNOUMEA.

3 NATURE: Intergovernmental.

4 AIMS: To encourage and strengthen international co-operation in promoting the economicand social welfare and advancement of the peoples of the following non-self-governingterritories in the Pacific Ocean which are administered by the participating Govern-ments: Australia: Trust Territory of Nauru, Trust Territory of New Guinea, Norfolk

303

Island, Territory of Papua; France: French Establishments in Oceania, New Caledoniaand Dependencies; Netherlands: Netherlands New Guinea; New Zealand: Cook Islands,Niue Island, Tokelau Islands, Trust Territory of Western Samoa; United Kingdom:British Solomon Islands Protectorate, Colony of Fiji, Gilbert and Ellice IslandsColony, Pitcairn Island; United States of America: American Samoa, Guam, TrustTerritory of the Pacific Islands; Condominium: Anglo-French Condominium of theNew Hebrides.

5 GOVERNING BODIES: South Pacific Commission, consisting of 12 commissioners, twofrom each Government; Research Council, a standing advisory body appointed by theCommission; South Pacific Conference, auxiliary body to the Commission, composedof representatives of the local inhabitants of, and of official institutions directly con-cerned with, the territories within the scope of the Commission. The maximum numberof delegates for each territory is determined by the Commission. In general, represent-ation comprises at least two delegates for each designated territory, OFFICERS : Secretary-General: Sir Brian Freeston, K.C.M.G., O.B.E. (U.K.); Deputy Secretary-General:John Ryan (Australia); Deputy Chairman, Research Council: Dr. E. M. Ojala (NewZealand); Executive Officer for Health: Dr. E. Massal (France); Executive Officer forEconomic Development: (vacant); Executive Officer for Social Development: H. E. Maude,O.B.E. (U.K.).

6 MEMBERS : Australia, France, Netherlands, New Zealand, United Kingdom, United Statesof America. Each of the participating Governments is represented by two commissioners.

9 FINANCES: Contributions from the participating Governments.10 MEETINGS: The South Pacific Commission meets twice a year during April-May and

October-November. The Research Council meets at least once a year. The SouthPacific Conference is held once in every three years.

11 VOTING : One vote is exercised by the Senior Commissioner of each Member Government.12 PUBLICATIONS: Proceedings of Commission Sessions. Reports of Meetings of the Research

Council and of the South Pacific Conference. Annual Reports of the Commission.Progress Reports on Action Taken on the 42 Resolutions of the First South Pacific Con-

ference. SPC Quarterly Bulletin. Expert Reports on Commission Projects (a selection isbeing published in book form). Miscellaneous technical papers.

13 RELATIONS WITH OTHER INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS: The Commission and itsauxiliary and subsidiary bodies, while having no organic connexion with the UN,co-operate as fully as possible with the United Nations and with appropriate specializedagencies on matters of mutual concern within the competence of the Commission.

14 SHORT HISTORY: The South Pacific Commission was established by an Agreement be-tween the Governments of Australia, France, the Netherlands, New Zealand, theUnited Kingdom and the United States of America, signed at Canberra on 6 February1947, and finally ratified on 29 July 1948. Until 7 November 1951, the area of theCommission's activities comprised territories lying generally south of the equatorfrom and including Netherlands New Guinea in the west to the French Establishmentsin Oceania and Pitcairn in the east. On 7 November 1951 an additional Agreement wassigned at Commission headquarters in Noumea on behalf of the six participatingGovernments, extending the scope of the Commission to include Guam and the TrustTerritory of the Pacific Islands under United States administration.

The First Session of the Commission was held in May 1948 and following Sessionsat six-monthly intervals thereafter; the First Meeting of the Research Council in May1949 with following meetings annually thereafter; while the First South Pacific Con-ference was held in April 1950 and the Second in April 1953.

15 BIBLIOGRAPHY: Agreement Establishing the South Pacific Commission, Alfred HenryPcttifer, Government Printer, Sydney, 1949, 10 pp.

16 COMMENTS: The Commission's work programme is developing mainly in the form of43 specific projects for regional action in the fields of agriculture and economic develop-ment, health, education and social development.

304

S U B J E C T I N D E X

Acetylene, Oxy-Acetylene Welding andAllied Industries, Permanent Internatio-nal Committee on, 172.

Africa South of the Sahara, Commission forTechnical Co-operation in, 264, 303.

Africa South of the Sahara, Scientific Coun-cil for, 302-3.

Agricultural Bureaux, Commonwealth, 129-30.

Agricultural Economists, International Con-ference of, 112-13.

Agricultural Industries, International Com-mission of, 108-9, 127, 267.

Agricultural Producers, International Fede-ration of, 113-14.

Agricultural Sciences, Inter-American In-stitute of, 138.

Agricultural Sciences, International Unionof, 123.

Agriculture, Confederation Internationaledes Ingenieurs et Techniciens de 1*, 111-12.

Agriculture, European Confederation of,107, 108, 114, 134.

Agriculture Organization of the UnitedNations, Food and, 102-6; see also FAO.

Agriculturists, International Confederationof Technical, 107, 108, 111-12.

Alienists and Neurologists of France andFrench-Speaking Countries, Congress of,254-5.

Allergology, International Association of,183, 187-8.

American Hospital Association, 251.American Public Health Association, 251-2.American States, Organization of, 96, 105,

138, 181, 289, 298.Anatomical Congress, International, 186-7.Animal Production, European Association

for, 131.Animal Reproduction, International Stand-

ing Committee on Physiology and Patho-logy of, 122-3.

Anthropological and Ethnological Sciences,International Congress of, 63.

Anthropological and Ethnological Sciences,International Union of, 62-3.

Anthropological Methods, InternationalCommittee for the Unification of, 42-3.

Anti-Locust Committee, Permanent Inter-American, 139-40.

Anti-parasitics, 107-8Architects, International Union of, 168-9.Architecture, International Congresses for

Modern, 149-50, 169.Artificiallnsemination,International Stand-

ding Committee on Physiology and Pa-thology of Animal Reproduction and of,122-3.

Asphalt in Building Construction, Inter-national Association for, 142.

Asthma Congress, International, 195.Astronomical Telegrams, Central Bureau

for, 24-5, 32.Astronomical Union, International, 24-5,

30-4, 46, 57, 62, 67-8.Audiology, International Conference on,

183, 197-8.Aviculture, 127-8.

BCG, International Congress of the, 183,198.

Biochemistry, Ilnd International Congressof, 43.

Biological Sciences, International Union of,24, 28, 29, 35, 39, 46, 50, 56, 63-5, 86,87, 88, 92, 93.

Biology, marine, 92.Biometric Society, The, 23-4.Biometry, unification of methods in, 42-3.Bird Preservation, International Committee

for, 269-70, 280.Blindness, International Association for

Prevention of, 183, 192-3, 204.Blood Transfusion, International Society

of, 183, 219-20.Botanical Congress, VHIth International,

34-5.Brewery Convention, European, 132-3.

305

Bridge and Structural Engineering, Inter-national Association for, 142-3, 174.

Broadcasting Organization, International,268-9.

Broadcasting Union, European, 269, 294-5.Building Documentation, International

Council for, 151-2.

Cancer, International Union against, 183,234-5.

Cardiology, European Society of, 256-7.Cardiology, International Society of, 183,

220-1.Caribbean Commission, 293-4.Cell Biology, Society for, 88.Centre International de Synthese, 26.Chemistry of Human and Animal Food,

Permanent International Bureau of Ana-lytical, 127.

Chemistry, International Union of Pure andApplied, 36, 46, 78-80.

Child Psychiatry, International Associa-tion for, 188-9, 244.

CIOMS, 86, 182-3, 186, 187, 189, 191, 193,196, 197, 198, 200, 201, 202, 204, 205,206, 207, 208, 210, 214, 215, 216, 218,220, 221, 222, 223, 225, 226, 227, 229,230, 231, 232, 233, 235, 236, 238, 239,241, 244, 249, 286.

Clays, International Committee for theStudy of, 41.

Climatism, International Federation ofThermalism and, 210-11.

Clinical Pathology, International Societyof, 183, 421-2.

Coffee Commission of the Inter-AmericanEconomic and Social Council, 129.

Colorado Beetle Committee, International,136.

Commonwealth Agricultural Bureaux, 129-30.

Comparative Pathology, Permanent Inter-national Committee of Congresses of, 183,242.

Criminology, International Society of, 183,222-3.

Cripples, International Society for the Wel-fare of, 232-3.

Crystallography, International Union of, 46,65-6.

Dairy Industries Society, International,101.

Dental Documentary Federation, 184.Dental Federation, International, 184,

205-6.

Dental Research, International Associationfor, 190.

Dermatology, International Congress of,199.

Diabetes Federation, International, 183,206-7.

Directors of Zoological Gardens, Internatio-nal Union of, 279, 280.

Documentation, Association for the Utili-zation and the Diffusion of, 267.

Documentation, International Federationfor, 273-4, 276.

Dog Breeders, International Federation of,274-5.

Drainage, International Commission on Ir-rigation and, 146-7, 174.

Economists, International Conference ofAgricultural, 112-13.

Ecosoc, 114,163,170,177, 212, 223, 233,271, 278, 281, 282.

Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organ-ization, United Nations, 284-91; see alsoUnesco.

Electric Systems, International Conferenceon Large, 148-9, 174.

Electrical Equipment, International Com-mission on Rules for the Approval of,178-9.

Electrochemical Thermodynamics and Ki-netics, International Committee of, 39-40.

Electroencephalography and Clinical Neu-rophysiology, International Federation of183, 209-10.

Electrotechnical Commission, International,152-3, 162, 179.

Embryology, International Institute of,55-6.

Engineering Associations, International Fe-deration of National, 154-5.

Engineering Organizations, Union of Inter-national, 173-4; see also UATI.

Engineering Research, International Insti-tution for Production, 160.

Engineering, International Commission ofRural, 109-10.

Engineering Societies, Pan American Fede-ration of, 155, 178-80.

Entomology, Permanent Committee of theInternational Congress of, 85-6.

Epizootics, International Office of, 116,241.

Ethnological Sciences, International Con-gress of Anthropological and, 62-3.

Ethnological Sciences, International Unionof Anthropological and, 62-3.

306

Eugenics, unification of methods in, 42.European Association for Animal Produc-

tion, 131.European Association against Poliomyeli-

tis, 255.European Brewery Convention, 132-3.European Broadcasting Union, 269, 294-5.European Commission on Forestry and

Forest Products, 133-4.European Confederation of Agriculture,

107, 108, 114, 134.European Council for Nuclear Research,

94, 286.European League against Rheumatism,

213, 256.European and Mediterranean Societies of

Gastro-Enterology, Association of Na-tional, 253-4.

European Plant Protection Organization,135-6.

European Society of Cardiology, 256-7.Exploration of the Mediterranean Sea, In-

ternational Commission for the Scienti-fic, 38.

Exploration of the Sea, International Coun-cil for the, 45, 297.

FAO, 35, 96, 102-6,107, 108,114, 115,116,117, 120, 122, 124, 126, 127, 130, 131,133-4, 136, 137, 138, 139, 235, 241, 289,295-6, 298.

Fertilizers, International Centre of, 106-7.Film Association, International Scientific,

277-8.Films, International Centre of Medical and

Surgical, 182.Fisheries Commission, International, 299.Fisheries Commission, International Pacific

Salmon, 299-300.Fisheries Council, Indo-Pacific, 295-7.Flame Radiation Research Joint Committee

141.Food and Agriculture Organization of the

United Nations, 102-6; see also FAO.Food, Permanent International Bureau of

Analytical Chemistry of Human and Ani-mal, 127.

Forest Research Organizations, Internatio-nal Union of, 117, 123-4, 134.

Forestry Commission, Latin American, 139.Forestry and Forest Products, European

Commission on, 133-4.Foundation Engineering, International So-

ciety of Soil Mechanics and, 166-7, 174.Freedom in Science, Society for, 284.

Gas Union, International, 156-7, 174.Gastro-Enterology, Association of National

European and Mediterranean Societies of,253-4.

Gastro-Enterology, International Societyof, 183, 224.

Genetics Congresses, Permanent Internatio-nal Committee for, 87-8.

Geodesy, International Association of, 68-70.

Geodesy and Geophysics, InternationalUnion of, 32, 46, 57, 62, 66-77, 84, 96.

Geographical Congresses, International, 51,53.

Geographical Pathology, International So-ciety of, 183, 224-5.

Geographical Union, International, 46,51-3, 96.

Geography and History, Pan American In-stitute of, 94-6, 138.

Geological Congress, International, 30, 41,53-4, 60.

Geology, Pan American Institute of Mining,Engineering and, 180-1.

Geomagnetic instruments, internationalcomparison of standard, 68.

Geophysics, International Union of Geo-desy and, 32, 46, 57, 62, 66-77, 84, 96.

Gerontology, International Association of,183, 190-1.

Glass, International Commission on, 144-5,178.

Glass Union, Continental Scientific, 178.Grassland Congress, International, 114-15.Gravimetric Bureau, International, 69.

Haematology, International Society of,183, 220, 225-6.

Health Organization, World, 245-8; see alsoWHO.

Heure, Bureau International de 1', 32, 61-2,67, 69, 72.

High Altitude Research Station, Jungfrau-joch, 50-1.

History, Pan American Institute of Geo-graphy and, 94-6, 138.

History of Medicine, International Societyof the, 183, 226-7.

History of Pharmacy, International Aca-demy of the, 184-5.

History of Pharmacy, World Union of So-cieties for the, 78, 249-50.

History of Science, International Academyof the, 26-7, 78.

History of Science, International Union ofthe, 27, 46, 77-8, 96, 227, 250.

307

Homeopathic League, International, 211.Homeopathic Medical Congress, Pan Ame-

rican, 260.Horticultural Congresses, International

Committee for, 110-11.Hospital Association, American, 251.Hospital Association, Inter-American, 257.Hospital Federation, International, 211-12.Housing and Town Planning, International

Federation for, 153-4, 169.Humanistic Studies, International Council

for Philosophy and, see ICPHS.Hydraulic Research, International Asso-

ciation for, 143-4, 174.Hydrographic Bureau, International, 54-5,

75, 96.Hydrology, International Association of,

76-7.Hydrology, International Society of Medi-

cal, 213, 228.

ICAO, 96.ICPHS, 44, 47, 56, 63.ICSU, 33, 45-8, 51, 53, 58, 61, 65, 66, 68,

78, 80, 82, 83, 86, 92, 286.Illumination, International Commission on,

41, 145-6.ILO, 105, 114, 134, 271, 289, 295, 298.Indian Institute, Inter-American, 297-8.Indo-Pacific Fisheries Council, 295-7.Industrial Medicine, Permanent Internatio-

nal Committee on, 242-3.Inter-African Bureau for Tsetse and Try-

panosomiasis, Permanent, 219, 264.Inter-American Anti-Locust Committee,

Permanent, 139-40.Inter-American Conference on Plant Health

137.Inter-American Economic and Social Coun-

cil, Coffee Commission of the, 129.Inter-American Hospital Association, 257.Inter-American Indian Institute, 297-8.Inter-American Institute of Agricultural

Sciences, 138.Inter-American Statistical Institute, 138.Internal Medicine, International Society of,

183, 227-8.Irrigation and Drainage, International

Commission on, 146-7, 174.Isostatic Institute, 67, 69, 84.ITO, 114.ITU, 150, 151, 163, 167-8, 177, 269.IUPN, 134, 279, 280-1, 286.

Jungfraujoch, International Foundation ofthe High Altitude Research Station, 50-1.

Large Dams, International Commission on,144, 147-8, 174, 177.

Latin American Forestry Commission, 139.Latin American Union of Societies of

Phthisiology, 258.Latitude Service, International, 32, 57, 67,

69.Legal Medicine and Social Medicine, Inter-

national Academy of, 183, 185-6.Leprosy Association, The International,

183, 213-14.Library Associations, International Feder-

ation of, 274, 275-6.Light Committee, International, 40-1.Limnology, International Association of,

27-8.Locust Control Service, International Red,

118.Logopedics and Phoniatrics, International

Association of, 191-2.Lumiere, Coraite Internationale de la, 40.

Malaria, International Congresses of Tropi-cal Medicine and, 183, 202-3.

Management, International Committee ofScientific, 270-1.

Map of the "World, Central Bureau, Inter-national 1:1,000,000, 25

Mathematical Union, International, 47, 58.Mathematicians, International Congress of,

58.Materials and Structures, Union of Testing

and Research Laboratories for, 174-5.Measures, International Bureau of Weights

and, 36-7.Mechanical Engineering Congress, Inter-

national, 160-1.Mechanics, International Union of Theo-

retical and Applied, 47, 82-3.Medical Association, Pan American, 261-2.Medical Association, The World, 183, 196,

241, 248-9.Medical Hydrology, International Society

of, 213, 228.Medical Museums, International Associa-

tion of, 192.Medical Research and Deontologic Centre of

the International Organization of Catho-lic Intellectuals 'Pax Romana', 239-40.

Medical Sciences, Council for InternationalOrganizations of, 182-3; see also CIOMS.

Medical Services, International Union ofRailway, 183, 236.

Medical and Surgical Films, InternationalCentre of, 182.

308

Medical Women's International Associa-tion, 183, 240-1.

Medicine, International Congress of Neo-Hippocratic, 199.

Medicine, International Federation of Phy-sical, 183, 208-9.

Medicine, International Society of the His-tory of, 183, 226-7.

Medicine, International Society of Internal,183, 227-8.

Medicine, Permanent International Com-mittee on Industrial, 242-3.

Medicine and Malaria, International Con-gresses of Tropical, 183, 202-3.

Medicine and Pharmacy, InternationalCommittee of Military, 183, 196-7.

Medico-Athletic Federation, International,183, 214-15.

Mediterranean Sea, International Commis-sion for the Scientific Exploration of the,38.

Mental Health, World Federation for, 183,189, 239, 243-5.

Meteorological Congress, World, 90.Meteorological Organization, World, 89-91;

see also WMO.Meteorology, International Association of,

71-2.Microbiologists, Congress of the Association

of French-Speaking, 93.Microbiologists, International Association

of, 28-9, 48, 50, 93.Micro-organisms, International Federation

of Culture Collections of, 48-50.Military Medicine and Pharmacy, Interna-

tional Committee of, 183, 196-7.Mining Engineering and Geology, Pan Ame-

rican Institute of, 180-1.Museums, International Association of Med-

ical, 192.Museums, International Council of, 271-3.

Nature, International Union for the Pro-tection of, 280-1; see also IUPN.

Navigation Congresses, Permanent Inter-national Association of, 144,169-71, 174.

Neurological Congress, International, 183,215-16.

Neurologists of France and French-Speak-ing Countries, Congress of Alienists and,254-5.

Neuropathology, International Congress of,200.

Neurophysiology, International Federationof Societies of Electroencephalographyand Clinical, 183, 209-10.

Nuclear Research, European Council for,94, 286.

Nurses, International Council of, 203-4,244.

Nutrition of Central America and Panama,Institute of, 136-7.

Nutritional Sciences, International Unionof, 183, 235.

Oceanographic Institute, 84-5.Oceanographic Museum, Monaco, 85.Oceanography, International Association of

Physical, 74-5.Odontological Association, Pan American,

262.OEEC, 107, 108, 114, 130, 136.Ophthalmological Societies, International

Federation of, 207-8.Ophthalmology, International Council of,

183, 193, 204-5, 207-8, 216, 217, 259.Ophthalmology, Pan American Association

of, 258-60.Ornithological Congress, International, 58-

9.Orthopaedagogics, International Society

for, 229.Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology,

International Society of, 183, 229-30.Otolaryngology, International Congress of,

183, 200-1.Ozone, Central Bureau for International Ex-

change of Equipment and Observationsof Atmospheric, 68.

Pacific Salmon Fisheries Commission, In-ternational, 299-300.

Pacific Science Association, 297, 300-2.Pacific Science Council, 300-2.Paediatric Association, International, 183,

217-18.Paediatricians, Association of French-

Speaking, 253.Paleontological Union, International, 60.Pan American Association of Ophthalmo-

logy, 258-60.Pan American Federation of Engineering

Societies, 155, 178-80.Pan American Homeopathic Medical Con-

gress, 260.Pan American Institute of Geography and

History, 94-6, 138.Pan American Institute of Mining Engi-

neering and Geology, 180-1.Pan American League against Rheumatism,

213.

309

Pan American Medical Association, 261-2.PanAmericanOdontologicalAssociation,262.Pan American Sanitary Bureau, 136-7.Pan American Sanitary Organization, 138,

245, 246, 257, 263-4.Pan American Union; see American States,

Organization of.Pathology, International Society of Clini-

cal, 183, 221-2.Pathology, International Society of Geo-

graphical, 183, 224-5.Pathology, Permanent International Com-

mittee of Congresses of Comparative,183, 242.

'Pax Romana', Medical Research andDeontologic Centre of the InternationalOrganization of Catholic Intellectuals,239-40.

Pedology, International Conference of, 122.Petroleum Congress, World, 175-6.Pharmaceutical Federation, International,

218.Pharmacy, International Academy of the

History of, 184-5.Pharmacy, International Committee of

Military Medicine and, 183, 196-7.Pharmacy, World Union of Societies for

the History of, 78, 249-50.Philosophy and Humanistic Studies, Inter-

national Council for; see ICPHS.Phoniatrics, International Association of

Logopedics and, 191-2.Photobiology, International Committee on,

40-1.Photogrammetry, International Society of,

165-6.Phthisiology, Latin American Union of

Societies of, 258.Physical Medicine, International Federa-

tion of, 183, 208-9.Physico- Chemical Standards, International

Bureau for, 35-6.Physics of the Interior of the Earth, Inter-

national Association of Seismology andof, 70-1.

Physics, International Union of Pure andApplied, 46, 81-2.

Physiological Congresses, Permanent Com-mittee of the International, 86.

Physiological Sciences, International Unionof, 86, 183.

Physiological Society, Scandinavian, 96-7.Plant Health, Inter-American Conference

on, 137.Plant Protection, International Centre for,

107-8.

Plant Protection Organization, European,135-6.

Poliomyelitis, European Association against,255.

Poplar Commission, International, 116-17,134.

Population, International Union for theScientific Study of, 282.

Poultry Science Association, The World's,127-8.

Power Conference, World, 144, 147-8, 174,176-7.

Prehistoric and Protohistoric Sciences, In-ternational Congress of, 43-4.

Production Engineering Research, Inter-national Institution for, 160.

Protection of Nature, International Unionfor the, 280-1; see also IUPN.

Psychiatry, International Society for theOrganization of the World Congresses of,183, 228-9.

Psychiatry, International Association forChild, 188-9, 244.

Psychiatry and Psychological Methods, In-ternational Association for the Co-ordi-nation of, 183, 189.

Psychology, International Union of Scien-tific, 236-7.

Psychotechnics, International Associationof, 193-4.

Public Health Association, American, 251-2.

Quaternary Research, International Asso-ciation on, 29.

Radiology, International Congress of, 183,201-2.

Radio Maritime Committee, International,163-4.

Radio Union, International Scientific, 46,60-1.

Railway Congress Association, Interna-tional, 164-5.

Railway Medical Services, InternationalUnion of, 183, 236.

Red Locust Control Service, International,118.

Refrigeration, International Institute of,157-8.

Rheumatism, European League against,213, 256.

Rheumatism, International League against,183, 213, 256.

Rheumatism, Pan American League against213.

Rice Commission, International, 118-20.

310

Road Congresses, Permanent InternationalAssociation of, 171, 174.

Rural Engineering, International Commis-sion of, 109-10.

Salmon Fisheries Commission, Interna-tional, 299-300.

Sanitary Bureau, Pan American, 136-7.Sanitary Organization, Pan American, 138,

245, 246, 257, 263-4.Scandinavian Physiological Society, 96-7.Science, International Academy of the

History of, 26-7, 78.Science, International Union of the History

of, 27, 46, 77-8, 96, 227, 250.Science, Society for Freedom in, 284.Scientific Co-ordination, Foundation for

International, 26 .Scientific Council for Africa South of the

Sahara, 302-3.Scientific Film Association, 277-8.Scientific Management, International Com-

mittee of, 270-1.Scientific Unions, International Council of,

45-8; see also ICSU.Scientific Workers, World Federation of,

291-2.Sea, International Council for the Explo-

ration of the, 45, 297.Sea Water Service, Standard, 68, 74.Sedimentology, International Association of,

30.Seed-Testing Association, International,

120-1.Seismological Summary, International, 68,

71.Seismology, International Bureau of, 71.Seismology and Physics of the Interior of

the Earth, International Association of,70-1.

Sericultural Commission, International, 126.Sericultural Congresses, Permanent Com-

mission of the International, 126.Social Medicine, International Academy of

Legal Medicine and of, 183, 185-6.Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineer-

ing, International Society of, 166-7, 174.Soil Science, International Congress of, 41.Soil Science, International Society of, 121-2.South Pacific Commission, 297, 303-4.Standardization, International Organiza-

tion for, 145, 153, 161-2, 274.Statistical Institute, Inter-American, 138.Statistical Institute, International, 278,282.Structural Engineering, International Asso-

ciation for Bridge and, 142-3, 174.

Sugar-Beet Research, International Insti-tute of, 115.

Surgeons, International College of, 183,195-6.

Surgery, International Society of, 183,230-1.

Surgery, International Society of Ortho-paedic, 183, 229-30.

Surgical Films, International Centre of Me-dical and, 182.

Surveyors, International Federation of,155-6.

Synthese, Centre International de, 26.

Telecommunication Union, International,167-8; see also ITU.

Telephone Committee, International Con-sultative, 150-1.

Testing and Research Laboratories for Ma-terials and Structures, Union of, 174-5.

Terrestrial Magnetism and Electricity, In-ternational Association of, 73-4.

Thalassotherapy, International Associa-tion of, 194-5.

Theoretical Sciences, International Insti-tute of, 56-7.

Thermalism and Climatism, InternationalFederation of, 210-11.

Thermodynamics and Kinetics, Interna-tional Committee of Electrochemical,39-40.

Time Bureau, International, 32, 61-2, 67,69, 72.

Town Planning, International Federationfor Housing and, 153-4, 168.

Town Planning, Permanent InternationalCommittee of Underground, 172-3.

Trachoma, International Organizationagainst, 193, 204, 216-17.

Traumatology, International Society ofOrthopaedic Surgery and, 183, 229-30.

Tropical Medicine and Malaria, Interna-tional Congresses of, 182, 202-3.

Trypanosomiasis, Permanent Inter-AfricanBureau for Tsetse and, 219, 264.

Trypanosomiasis Research, InternationalScientific Committee for, 219.

Tuberculosis, International Union against,183, 237-8.

UATI, 147, 155, 159, 160, 166, 170, 171,173-4, 175, 177, 286.

UN, 89, 96, 105, 150, 154, 158, 162, 168,169, 174, 181, 218, 244, 247, 252, 263,282, 289, 304.

311

Underground Town Planning, PermanentInternational Committee of, 172-3.

Unesco, 35, 37, 47, 66, 94, 96,105,130,137,138, 162, 169, 174, 177, 183, 223, 237,244, 249, 267, 268, 271, 272, 273, 274,276, 278, 281, 282, 284-91, 297, 298, 301,302.

Unicef, 137, 233.United Nations Educational, Scientific and

Cultural Organization, 284-91; see alsoUnesco.

Universities, International Association of,249, 267-8.

Urology, International Society of, 183,231-2.

Venereal Diseases, International Unionagainst, 183, 238-9.

Veterinary Congresses, Permanent Com-mittee for the International, 241.

Vulcanology, International Association of,75-6.

Weights and Measures, InternationalBureau of, 36-7, 289.

Welding, International Institute of, 158-9,172, 174.

Welfare of Cripples, International Societyfor the, 183, 232-3.

West Africanists, International Conferenceof, 298.

Whaling Commission, International, 283.Whaling Statistics, International, 283.WHO, 105, 116, 137, 154, 169, 183, 186,

193, 204, 206, 212, 214, 218, 233, 235,

238, 241, 244, 245-8, 249, 255, 263, 268,289.

Wildfowl Research Institute, International,270.

Wine Office, International, 124-5.WMO, 72, 89-91.Wood Anatomists, International Associa-

tion of, 106.Wool Secretariat, International, 125-6.World Federation for Mental Health, 183,

189, 239, 243-5.World Federation of Scientific Workers,

291-2.World Health Organization, 245-8; see also

WHO.World Medical Association, 183, 196, 241,

248-9.World Meteorological Organization, 89-91;

see also WMO. •World Petroleum Congress, 175-6.World Power Conference, 144, 147-8, 174,

176-7.World Union of Societies for the History

of Pharmacy, 78, 249-50.World's Poultry Science Association, The,

127-8.

Zoological Congresses, International, 39.Zoological Congresses, Permanent Com-

mittee of International, 87.Zoological Gardens, International Union

of Directors of, 279, 280.Zoological Nomenclature, International

Commission on, 38-9, 297.Zoological Station of Naples, The, 92.

312

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