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1Directorate-General for Energy and Transport 28/10/2003
The new European regulatory framework for railways
« The Dutch future of European Rail »Amsterdam – 28/10/2003
Jean-Arnold Vinois, Head of the “Railway Transport and Interoperability” Unit
European Commission
2Directorate-General for Energy and Transport 28/10/2003
1 - European railways in figures
2 - EU legislation in force
3 - EU legislation under examination
4 - Further proposals under preparation
5 - State of play of the reform
6 - The challenge of enlargement
7 - The challenge of financing the railways
SummarySummary
3Directorate-General for Energy and Transport 28/10/2003
Rail Passenger TrafficRail Passenger Traffic
Source: Prognos + European Transport Report 2002
216,6
252,8270,4
304,5 311,7 316,7
361,5384,5
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
1970 1980 1990 2000 2001 2002 2010 2015
(billion p.km)
EU(15)
?
4Directorate-General for Energy and Transport 28/10/2003
CEEC EU (15)
1.2%
9.9% 9.5% 9.3% 9.3% 9.3% 9.2% 8.8% 8.8%
81.9% 82.9% 83.0% 82.8% 82.7% 82.8% 83.1% 83.0%
1.2% 1.2%1.2%1.2%1.2%1.1%1.1%
7.0% 6.5% 6.6% 6.7% 6.8% 6.8% 6.9% 7.1%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
1991 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2010 2015
Urban Rail Interurban Rail Buses & Coaches Cars
3.0% 2.8% 2.9% 2.8% 2.5% 2.3%
68.1% 68.4% 69.7% 70.4% 71.3%73.5% 73.9%
2.9%
10.9% 10.2% 10.0% 9.7% 9.4% 9.9%10.8%13.8%14.4%16.2%16.7%17.2%17.7%18.2%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2010 2015
Urban Rail Interurban Rail Buses & Coaches Cars
Source: Prognos, European Transport Report 2002
Market Shares of Passenger Transport (in %)
Rail Passenger TrafficRail Passenger Traffic
5Directorate-General for Energy and Transport 28/10/2003
247%
8% 18%
65%
0%
50%
100%
150%
200%
250%
Traffic evolution between 1990 and 2000
Rail Passenger Traffic: trendsRail Passenger Traffic: trends
High speed train
Conv. rail Car
Plane
6Directorate-General for Energy and Transport 28/10/2003
Rail Freight TrafficRail Freight Traffic
283,0 287,0
255,0 249,0 245,4 247,1
315,9
372,8
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
1970 1980 1990 2000 2001 2002 2010 2015
Source: Prognos + European Transport Report 2002
(billion tkm)
EU 15
?
7Directorate-General for Energy and Transport 28/10/2003
Market Shares of Freight Transport (in %) CEEC EU (15)
7% 7% 7% 7% 6% 6% 6% 6%
16%14% 13% 13% 13% 13% 13% 14%
77%79% 80% 80% 81% 81% 81% 80%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
1991 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2010 2015
Inland Waterw ays Rail Road
1.6% 1.4% 1.3% 1.3% 1.3% 1.5%
55.0%57.5% 58.5% 59.6% 60.5%
1.5%
32.1%32.4%38.1%38.9%40.3%40.8%43.5%
66.2% 66.3%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2010 2015
Inland Waterw ays Rail Road
Source: Prognos, European Transport Report 2002
8Directorate-General for Energy and Transport 28/10/2003
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
1980 1990 1999
Nbr of Fatalities
Railway passengers
Sources: UIC; National Statistics
EU 15
Rail Safety Rail Safety
9Directorate-General for Energy and Transport 28/10/2003
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1980 1990 1998
Fatalities Railway crossings (EU 15)
Sources: UIC; National Statistics
Rail Safety Rail Safety
10Directorate-General for Energy and Transport 28/10/2003
1 700 000
1 300 000
700 000
1980 1990 2000
Staff employed in the railway sectorStaff employed in the railway sector
(EU 15)
11Directorate-General for Energy and Transport 28/10/2003
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
30000
35000
40000
1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001
Infrastructure Aids Total State Aids
State aids awarded to the Railway SectorMEUR
Financing Financing
12Directorate-General for Energy and Transport 28/10/2003
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
9000
10000
B DK D EL ES F IRL I L NL A P SF S UK
Infrastructure Aids Total State Aids
MEUR State aids awarded to the Railway Sector
Financing Financing
13Directorate-General for Energy and Transport 28/10/2003
Aims of the European Transport Aims of the European Transport PolicyPolicy
Optimise the use of existing infrastructure
Rebalancing the use of modes in favour of environmental friendly modes : rail, inland waterways, shortsea shipping
Fair and efficient pricing for infrastructures use
Users first
14Directorate-General for Energy and Transport 28/10/2003
A major objective of the European A major objective of the European Railway PolicyRailway Policy
« Creation of an integrated European railway area
to allow cross border services under a single
responsibility in order to guarantee the quality of
services to the customer »
15Directorate-General for Energy and Transport 28/10/2003
Eurobarometer - Spring 2003 - EU 15Eurobarometer - Spring 2003 - EU 15
“If safety standards are met, competition is the best way to make the railways more efficient.”
Tend to agree 71.5 %
Tend to disagree 12.1 %
No opinion 16.4 %
16Directorate-General for Energy and Transport 28/10/2003
Main actions undertaken at Main actions undertaken at European levelEuropean level
A.A. DecidedDecided
1. To ensure fair and non discriminatory access to the infrastructure
Separation of essential functions i.e. allocation of capacity and charging
Open access to infra and services for international freight services
from 15 March 2003 on Transeuropean Rail Freight Network (TERFN)
from 15 March 2008 on the whole network
Charging principle of social marginal costs (with possible mark-ups)
National regulatory body to survey functioning of the market and arbitrate conflicts between infra-manager and railway undertaking
17Directorate-General for Energy and Transport 28/10/2003
A.A. DecidedDecided
2. To ensure interoperability of the network High Speed (Dir. 96/48)
Trans-European Network for High Speed rail
Adoption of technical specifications for interoperability (TSI) for the whole system (plus European standards)In force since 30 Nov. 2002
ERTMS deployment and migration strategy to be prepared by each Member State
Main actions undertaken at Main actions undertaken at European levelEuropean level
18Directorate-General for Energy and Transport 28/10/2003
Conventional Rail (Dir. 2001/16)
Applicable to TEN as identified (i.e. also TERFN)
Mandate to AEIF in June 2001 for TSI in 2004 on key items for freight traffic
New mandates to AEIF in Sept. 2002
Main actions undertaken at Main actions undertaken at European levelEuropean level
19Directorate-General for Energy and Transport 28/10/2003
Adoption of Directive 96/48 1996
Adoption of mandates 1997Development of High Speed TSIs 1997 2002Implementation of High-Speed TSIs 2002Revision of HS TSIs 2002 2004
Adoption of Directive 2001/16 2001
First mandate (CCS, OPE, NOI, WAG, TEL-FRE) 2001Development of first CR TSI group 2001 2004Implementation of first CR TSI group 2004Second mandate (TUN, ACC, AIR) 2002Development of second CR TSI group 2002 2005Implementation of second CR TSI group 2005Third Mandate (other TSIs) 200? Development of third CR TSI group 200? 2006(?)Implementation of third CR TSI group
Adoption of Modification Directive 2003 (?)
Adoption of workprogramme preparing the extension of the scope 2005Mandate for the first new/amended TSI group 2005Development of the first TSI group 2005 2008Legal extension of the scope 2008Implementation of first TSI group 2008Following mandates (new areas, revision …)
Interoperability related activitiesProgramming mandates and TSI development
20Directorate-General for Energy and Transport 28/10/2003
B.B. Broad agreement on the second packageBroad agreement on the second packageTo be finally decided before end 2003 by Council To be finally decided before end 2003 by Council and Parliamentand Parliament
1. Open access for international freight services on the whole network from 2006 and national services from 2008 (Council/EP conciliation on this)
2. Extension of interoperability requirement to the whole network (under conditions): accepted
3. Accession of the Community to OTIF: accepted
Main actions undertaken at Main actions undertaken at European levelEuropean level
21Directorate-General for Energy and Transport 28/10/2003
4. Directive on railway safety Creation of national safety authority Delivery of safety certificate Common indicators, methods and targets Creation of independent investigation bodies for accidents
5. Creation of an European Railway Agency (ERA) from 2004 To prepare Technical Specifications for Interoperability with representatives
of the sector To prepare Common Safety Methods and Targets To advise Commission and Member States 100 people (+ 15 Mio € a year)
Main actions undertaken at Main actions undertaken at European levelEuropean level
22Directorate-General for Energy and Transport 28/10/2003
C.C. To be proposed in 2003To be proposed in 2003Subject to decisions of the CommissionSubject to decisions of the Commission
1. Access to the infrastructure for international passenger services (requested by EP for 2006). Issues to consider:
High speed rail services
Occasional services
Cross border regional services
Scheduled international services
Problem of cabotage
Link with Public service obligations
Main actions undertaken at Main actions undertaken at European levelEuropean level
23Directorate-General for Energy and Transport 28/10/2003
2. Further discussion on the draft regulation on public services obligations after Altmark judgement(?)
Regional and national services
Obligation to tender if exclusive rights or compensation for P.S.
3. Rights and obligations of international rail passengers
4. Freight quality (compensation schemes considered)
5. Drivers licence directive
Main actions undertaken at Main actions undertaken at European levelEuropean level
24Directorate-General for Energy and Transport 28/10/2003
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
weeks
total training
practical training
formal training
Length of train drivers training in Length of train drivers training in weeksweeks
25Directorate-General for Energy and Transport 28/10/2003
State of PlayState of Play
1.1. At European levelAt European level Enlargement to take place on 1/05/2004 - Accession Treaties concluded in April
2003. Successful referenda
Second package: EP 1st reading on 14 January 2003; common position of Council 26 June; EP second reading on 22 October 03
New Commission proposals under preparation
Social Dialogue between CER and ETF successful
Competition rules (abuse of dominant position, restrictive agreements, state aids; e.g. GVG/FS recent decision)
Revision of TEN guidelines and priority projects and revision of TEN financial regulation (proposal 1st October 2003)
Preparation of EU financial perspectives 2007-2013
26Directorate-General for Energy and Transport 28/10/2003
State of PlayState of Play
2.2. At national levelAt national level
Implementation of infrastructure package of 2001 by 15 March 2003
Open access already in D-I-UK-NL-Nordic countries but some more legal work needed in D-UK-S.
Open access still to be concretised in B - F – L -SP particularly Infringement procedures against 9 countries before the European
Court of Justice Real challenges : setting the various bodies such as regulatory body,
independence of allocation body and definition of TERFN.
Interoperability ERTMS deployment plan and migration strategy
27Directorate-General for Energy and Transport 28/10/2003
3261010
33
0100421
302
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
B DK D EL ES F IRL I L NL A P SF S UK
EU Licensed railway undertakings(Notifications sent to the Commission)
State of PlayState of Play
28Directorate-General for Energy and Transport 28/10/2003
State of PlayState of Play
3.3. The playersThe players Infrastructure managers : to prepare network statement and clear
conditions for access (cfr. Rail Net Europe)
Railway undertakings :
Historic operators seeking alliances between them or with new entrants to facilitate cross border freight operations (eg. Mannheim-Woippy, Brenner Rail Cargo)
New entrants (IKEA, DLC, Rail4Chem, RTC, etc) challenging historic operators on some corridors (North-South, Brenner, etc.)
Improvement of services to be expected soon and better competitiveness against road
29Directorate-General for Energy and Transport 28/10/2003
State of PlayState of Play
Customers Organize themselves to express their needs
European Rail Freight Customers Platform
European Passengers Federation
Supplying industry Main driver of standardisation activity
Offers more interoperable equipments (eg. Multi current loc, ERTMS, etc) at reduced costs
30Directorate-General for Energy and Transport 28/10/2003
New partnerships between players
Border crossings problems to identify
Charter on Passenger services (CER)
Freight quality charter (CER)
Initiatives on quality indicators (UIRR, UIP)
Other aspects:
State of PlayState of Play
31Directorate-General for Energy and Transport 28/10/2003
The challenge of enlargementThe challenge of enlargement
To take place on 1 May 2004
Participation of candidates to all European bodies from April 2003
To implement the acquis communautaire by the time of accession
Open access for international freight services fromthe accession with 3 years transitional period for Poland and Hungary (up to end 2006)
32Directorate-General for Energy and Transport 28/10/2003
A new railway geography after A new railway geography after EU enlargementEU enlargement
EU (1st May 2004)OTIF
Balkanic States, Irak, Maroc, Algeria, Syria, Lebanon, Tunisia
OSJDAzerbaijan, Byelorussia, China,Cuba, Georgia, Kazakhstan,Kirgizia, Korean PDR, Russia, TajikistanTurkmenistan, Ukraine, Uzbekistan, Vietnam
Albania, Iran
15 +
Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia, Czech Rep., Hungary, Slovakia, Poland, Slovenia
EEA
Norway
Liecht. EU candidatesTurkey
Bulgaria, Romania,
Switzerland
EU bilateral agreement
33Directorate-General for Energy and Transport 28/10/2003
The financing challengeThe financing challenge
Trans-European network approach Revision of guidelines to tackle accession countries and new list
of 29 projects (Commission proposal 1st October 2003) Idea of dedicated railfreight network
Revision of TEN financial regulation Proposed support of 30 % to cross border projects
Revision of financial perspectives 2007-2013 Securing infrastructure financing is a key issue
Revision of “Eurovignette” directive 99/62 New rules of road charging Cross modal financing possible under conditions
34Directorate-General for Energy and Transport 28/10/2003
ConclusionsConclusions
European Regulatory framework under way : there is a clear vision of all the aspects
A lot of work still to be done Urgent need of the agency on interoperability and safety Addressing all types of bottlenecks (short and long term actions needed) Promoting a dedicated rail freight network European ERTMS deployment plan for mid 2004
Investments on infrastructure and rolling stock, particularly in accession countries
Huge tasks but mobilisation of players now visible
35Directorate-General for Energy and Transport 28/10/2003
For further information:
Site: http://europa.eu.int/comm/dgs/energy_transport/index_en.html