Directing Report Ppt

8/2/2019 Directing Report Ppt

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Panganiban, Christian R.


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At the end of the discussion,

the students will be able to: Know the definition of related terms that are

associated with the Directing Process

Explain at least Two Theories that are involved in theDirecting process

Value the Importance of Directing in the Nursing Field


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In planning and organizing the manager provides an

environment that leads to getting the work done.

In directing: the manager sets those plans into actionwith the ultimate goal is attainment of organizational

goals


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Definition of Related Terms:

Elements of Directing Delegation

The process by which a manager assigns specific tasks/duties to workers with commensurate authority toperform the job.

Two Criteria of Delegation

ability of the worker to carry-out the task & fairnessnot only to the employee but to the team as a whole.


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Principles of Delegation

Select the person to whom the job is delegated. Delegate both interesting and uninteresting tasks.

Provide subordinates with enough time to learn.

Delegate gradually.


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Tips on how to delegate

Delegate in advance.

Consult before delegating.

Avoid gaps and overlaps


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Utilizing/ revising/updating

nursing service policiesand procedures

Are the standing plans of anorganization

It promotes consistency of

actions and stability They speed up decision

making

They are usually written andmade available as manuals

and used by the personnel asgradual review andcontinuous enhancement,changes are made whennecessary though.


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Supervision

Comes from the word supervide to oversee orview directly.

It is providing guidelines for the accomplishment

of the task or activity with initial direction andperiodic inspection of the actual task or activity

The nurse who delegates is responsible for theacts of the subordinate which is what we call

Respondeat Superior ( let the superior answer forthe acts of the subordinate)


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Qualities of Good Supervision

Good technical, managerial and human relation skills;

Ability to communicate well in both spoken and

written language; ability to listen;

Firmness with flexibility to adjust to the needs of thesituation;

Fairness in dealing with employees


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Motivation

Motivation = the level and direction of EFFORT expended atwork.

Motivation: Is a set of forces that energizes, directs, and sustainsbehavior.

In order for the nurse manager to guide and direct staff

members, he must first understand the nature of humanbehavior and the reasons behind that behavior

To understand another person, you must know how he feelsabout himself. Personal self-image will influence behavior.

A persons self concept is acquired from childhood experiences

and from the feedback he receives for his achievements. A persons behavior is purposeful, and the manager needs to be

perceptive in understanding why staff members are behaving asthey are.


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The successful manager learns the reasons behind the behavior andtakes the necessary steps to correct undesirable behavior.

Individuals attempt to fulfill their wants, drives and needs.

The word motive implies action to satisfy a need.


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To understand this

subject, let us

explore thefollowing

questions:

Why are somemanagers /employees moremotivated than

others?


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2- How domotivatedmanagers affect

theirsubordinates?


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Some agents that play a role in

increasing motivation:

A- managers support.

B- Collegial influence.

C- Interaction of personalities in the work group.


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The manager must identify those agents andstrengthen them.

The leader is a role model, listener, supporter andencourager for motivated employees.

The leader manager must create a work environmentthat meets both organizational and individual goals /needs.

Adequate tension must be created to maintainproductivity while encouraging subordinates jobsatisfaction. Thus, the worker can achieve personalgoals by achieving organizational goals


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Definition of Motivation Motivation =the level and direction of EFFORT

expended at work.

Motivation: Is a set of forces that energizes, directs,and sustains behavior.

It is the behavior individual takes to satisfy unmetneeds.

It is the willingness to put effort into achieving a goalor reward in order to decrease the tension caused bythe need.


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Motivation is defined as:

- A state of feeling or thinking in which one isenergized or aroused to perform a task or engage inparticular behavior.

This definition focuses on motivation as emotional or

cognitive state that is independent of action.


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Types of motivation:

Intrinsic motivation:

Extrinsic motivation:


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Intrinsic motivation: - Comes from within the individual, driving him to be

productive.

- To be intrinsically motivated at work, the nurse mustvalue job performance and productivity.

- Internal Motivation forces : are forces that come

from the person, the so-called push - Relating to the individual him/herself, intangible

e.g. sense of achievement, challenge


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The intrinsic motivation to achieve

is directly related to: a. Persons level of aspiration.

b. Persons believe that improved performance lead tooutcomes congruent with their value.

c. Increased effort will lead to improved performance

and increase productivity and thus, the requiredenergy expenditure will be worth the cost.


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Extrinsic motivation:

- Enhanced by job environment or external rewards.

- The reward occurs after the work has beencompleted.

-External to the individual, out of their control e.g.salary, promotion conditions of work


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Why People Do the Things They

Do? - Curiosity desire to learn

- Food desire to eat

- Honor desire to act morally

- Rejection fear of social rejection

- Exercise desire for physical activity


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Basic Motivational Concepts

- Reward : a work outcome of positive value to theindividual.

- Extrinsic rewardsvalued outcomes given tosomeone by another person.

- Intrinsic rewardsvalued outcomes that occurnaturally as a person works on a task.


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MOTIVATIONAL THEORIES


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A. NEED THEORY

A.1. MASLOWS MODEL (NEED)

Higher-Order Needs

- Self-actualization needs : self-fulfilment; personaldevelopment; self-realisation; sense of self-achievement

- Esteem Needs: self-worth, self-esteem; respect from

others; authority and influence over others


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Lower-Order Needs

- Social needs: The need to be loved and to love; needto feel wanted and appreciated;

- Safety needs: security at home; security of work andwage; comfortable living conditions

- Physiological Needs: the need for food, shelter,

clothing, heat


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A.1. MASLOWS MODEL (NEED)


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A.2. Herzbergs Two-Factor Principles


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A.3. McClellands Acquired Needs Theory

Need for Achievement

Desire to do something better or more efficiently, to solveproblems, or to master complex tasks.

Need for Power

Desire to control other persons, to influence theirbehavior, or to be responsible for other people. Personal

power versus social power. Need for Affiliation

Desire to establish and maintain friendly and warmrelations with other persons


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B. Expectancy Theory

Developed by Victor Vroom.

Key expectancy theory variables:

Expectancy belief that working hard will result in

desired level of performance. Instrumentality belief that successful performance

will be followed by rewards.

Valence value a person assigns to rewards and otherwork related outcomes


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C. Operant Conditioning Strategies

Punishment: Decreases the frequency of a behaviorthrough the contingent presentation of an unpleasant

consequence.

Extinction: Is the withholding of reinforcement for apreviously reinforced behavior in order to eliminatethat behavior. Ignored behavior.


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D. Equity Theory

- Developed by J. Stacy Adams.

- When people believe that they have been treated unfairly incomparison to others, they try to eliminate the discomfort and restore aperceived sense of equity to the situation.

Perceived inequity.

Perceived equity.

- Relationships are fair when people perceive that their outcome (e.g.pay) is proportionate to their perceived contribution or inputs (e.g. taskperformance).

- People evaluate fairness by comparing themselves to others, in otherwords people contrast their perceived inputs and outcomes with theirperceptions of others inputs and outcomes. Individuals experiencetension if the ration is seen as unequal


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COMMUNICATION

Is the transmission of information, opinions, andintentions between and among the individual

Facilitates work, increases motivation and increasescoordination


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Principles of effective communication

1. Clear lines of communication serves as the linking

process by which parts of the organization are unifiedtoward the goal

2. simple, exact and concise message ensuresunderstanding

3. feedback is essential to effective communication


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Types of Communication

1. verbal

2. written


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Written communication


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Lines Of Communication

1. Downward Communication


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Upward Communication


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Horizontal Communication


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Outward Communication


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Coordination

Unites personnel and services toward a common

objective. Synchronization of activities among thevarious services and department enhancescollaborative efforts resulting in efficient, smooth andharmonious flow of work.


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Staff Development


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Thank you for listening

Documents

Directing Report Ppt