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Information on D.E.W.
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Dr. David C. Stoudt
Senior Director, Naval Capabilities & Readiness
Office of the Deputy Under Secretary of the Navy
for Plans, Policy, Oversight, and Integration
Naval Directed Energy Way Ahead
America Society of Naval Engineers Day 2014
Electric Ships’ Requirements and Mission Systems Panel
20 February 2014
DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT A. Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.
2
Distribution A – Distribution is Unlimited
Why Directed Energy Weapons?
Meet the Challenges facing the Navy
• Defeat Anti-Access capabilities
• Potential adversaries threatening to
restrict Navy freedom to operate
• Logistics & cost of using $2M weapons
against $50k threat
• Directed Energy puts us on the right
side of the “cost curve”
• Expand magazine depth
• Only limited by fuel onboard
• Reduce at-sea weapons resupply
• Address ROE challenges
• Enable Real-Time Combat ID &
Intent Determination
• Speed of light delivery
• Precise engagement
• Graduated effects
Directed Energy Weapons address existing Mission Requirements/Gaps Directed Energy Weapons address existing Mission Requirements/Gaps
3
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Time to infuse the Naval Directed Energy Vision and Strategy goals,
principles, priorities, and objectives into strategic plans, roadmaps,
and associated implementation activities across the DON Enterprise
UNSECNAV Robert O. Work
Surface Navy Association National Symposium
January 18, 2013
“Woe to us if we lose the
race to directed energy
weapons and
electromagnetic
railguns,” … “That’s not
going to be a future that
we want.”
CMC Gen. James F. Amos
Naval S&T Partnership Conference
October 23, 2012
“These [non-lethal]
capabilities truly help
minimize casualties
while providing
escalation of force
options and an assist
to our national
strategic objectives. I
encourage your efforts
in the experimentation
of this technology …”
CNO ADM Jonathan W. Greenert
Transformation Goals to Meet New and Emerging Threats
July 28, 2011
“We will also focus on
supporting the
development of
emerging technologies
we think hold the
greatest promise for
future naval and joint
warfighting (such as
the railgun, Free
Energy Laser, and
Directed Energy).”
DON Leadership Views on DE
“Our directed energy
initiatives, and
specifically the solid –
state laser, are among
our highest priority
S&T programs.”
CNR RADM Matthew Klunder
Sea-Air-Space Symposium
April 8, 2013
4
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Naval Directed Energy Steering
Group (NDESG)
• SECNAV initiative to deliver a synchronized, fiscally-informed plan that aligns DE investments with roadmaps across DOTMLPF spectrum to address near-term fleet capability gaps and long-range vision for fleet implementation of DE
5
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POLICY / LEGAL
MISSIONS / CONOPS
S&T / R&D
SYSTEMS & PLATFORMS
THREAT ASSESSMENT
SEA AIR LAND CYBER SPACE
Near-Term (2015-2019)
Mid-Term (2020-2025)
Far-Term (2026-2035)
PROGRAM GUIDANCE & INVESTMENTS
DOTMLPF
ROADMAP
DE Vision-Strategy-Roadmap
6
Distribution A – Distribution is Unlimited
A Directed Energy Vision for U.S. Naval Forces
Advances in high and low energy lasers and high-power radio frequency
technologies enable a new class of weapons - directed energy weapons (DEWs)
- that could be highly effective in the future battlespace. We will capitalize on
these advances by providing our Sailors and Marines robust DEWs and
countermeasures to complement our legacy and future kinetic and electronic
warfare weapon systems, thereby dramatically improving the effectiveness of
our naval forces against a diverse range of 21st Century threats.
• DoN will focus its DE investments on those technologies that improve
effectiveness of naval forces against a diverse range of threats
– Early focus on defeating IED’s; rockets, artillery, and mortars; ISR systems; fast-
attack craft; fixed and rotary-wing aviation; and subsonic anti-ship cruise missiles
– Longer term focus on defeating supersonic cruise missiles and ballistic missiles
• DoN will field initial DEW capabilities in near-term to provide our fleet
and operating forces with ability to address identified critical mission
capability gaps while learning invaluable fielding and employment
lessons that will inform our way ahead
– A measured approach toward DEW S&T and R&D activities and their transition to
acquisition programs based on operational requirements, technological maturity,
demonstrated performance, and ease of systems integration affordability
7
Distribution A – Distribution is Unlimited
U.S. Naval Directed Energy Strategy
Near-Term Objectives
Provides a unified Department of the Navy Strategy to guide development of
Directed Energy technology and establish guiding principles, strategic goals,
overarching objectives, mission area priorities, and the roles and responsibilities
across the Navy and Marine Corps [signed 12 July 2012]
Mission Planning &
Program Development • Prioritize DEW missions
• Perform DoN Capabilities
Based Analyses leading to
ICDs and AoAs necessary to
establish Program of Record
(PoR)
• Establish PoRs to include
addressing DOTMLPF and
inform naval power and
energy requirements
• Deliver satellite predictive
avoidance, decentralized
propagation fire control
system to enable operational
employment of HEL systems
Naval Warfare DEW Applications • Develop and demonstrate combat
prototype 20-100 kW class laser
weapons systems leading to PoRs
• Develop HPRF supporting
technologies to incorporate into
existing PoRs
• Deliver enhanced C-IED capabilities
to improve warfighter support
• Demonstrate combat prototype
HPRF systems
Counter-DEW • Systematically evaluate
adversary DEW capabilities,
consider material and non-
material approaches to ensure
continued freedom of action
• Identify platforms, systems,
and other capabilities that are
vulnerable to adversary DEWs;
institute programs to
reduce/eliminate risks
• Invest in technologies and
TTPs to counter various DEWs
• Manage availability of test
ranges, facilities, test platforms
instrumentation, and targets to
support C-DEW vulnerability
studies and mitigation testing
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Distribution A – Distribution is Unlimited
Naval Directed Energy Roadmap
• Aligns and prioritizes DoN DE investments in near- (2-5 years),
mid- (5-10 years), and far-term (10-20 years) based on naval
capability gaps, potential military utility, and technical maturity
while emphasizing total ownership cost
• Provide DoN Leadership a snapshot of key drivers, decision
points, and opportunities to shape technology/program
development, transition to the Fleet, and investment strategy
• Near-term DE roadmap development is in progress
– Goal for completion and approval: Spring 2014
• Goal for Mid- and Far-Term Roadmaps completion and
approval: Fall 2014
9
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Naval HEL Capabilities & Missions
• Small boat defense
• C-ISR
• C-UAS
• Combat Identification
• Counter-rockets, artillery
and mortars (C-RAM)
• C-ASCM/TBM
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MULTIPLE NAVAL DOMAIN NEEDS, REQUIREMENTS
& S&T PROGRAM efforts FOR HEL
Surface Ship Protection OPNAV N96, NAVSEASYSCOM PEO-IWS, PMS405, NSWC
Air Self Protection &
Strike/Power Projection OPNAV N98, NAVAIRSYSCOM PEO(T),
PMA-242, NAWC CL
Ground
Protection USMC/MCCDC, OPNAV N95
MARCORSYSCOM, NSWC
Submarine Protection OPNAV N97, NAVSEASYSCOM PEO-Subs, PMS405, NUWC
Counter-UAV
Counter-ISR
Counter FAC/FIAC
Counter ASCM
MH-60S
Counter Man-Pad
Counter FAC/FIAC
Mine Clearance (N95)
Counter Air Counter-UAV (on the move)
Counter Man-Pad
C-RAM
Counter HELO/MPA/UAV
SO/LIC, Counter FAC/FIAC
Timeframe / Needs
Near (2014-2018)
Mid (2018-2025)
Far (2025+)
SSL
FEL
GBAD HEFL
SBIRs
NAVSEA LaWS
DARPA HELLADS
OSD HEL JTO RELI
OSD HEL
JTO RELI
OS
D H
EL
JT
O R
EL
I
Distribution A – Distribution is Unlimited
11
Distribution A – Distribution is Unlimited
Kinetic vs HEL Weapon Effectiveness
Theater Ballistic Missiles
12
Fire
Control
Station
Laser
Source
Optical Bench
K-M
Typical Laser Weapon Main Components
• Laser Subsystem
• Target Tracking System
• Beam Director, including – Optical Telescope
– Kinetic-Mechanical (K-M) Mount
– Optical/Diagnostic Bench
– Exit Aperture
• Fire Control Station
– Including Safety Functions
Beam Director
Exit
Aperture
Tracking
System
Power
Thermal Cooling + o
Slew
Tip-Tilt
Laser output aperture
Target
25-40% Efficient!
3x laser power
generated in heat
4 x needed in
Input power
Low Average Power / Duty Cycle
Target 1 Target 2 Target X
Inp
ut
Po
wer
Time
ONR/NSWCDD Slide from ASNE Day 2013
Distribution A – Distribution is Unlimited
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Distribution A – Distribution is Unlimited
SSL-WS Platform Integration
(SWaP & Cooling)
• NAVSEA completed SSL Ship Integration
studies for LCS and DDG in 2012
• 30 kW SSL Requirements
– Cooling Required: 25 tons (90 kW pk pwr)
– Total Power (w/o cooling): 120 kW pk pwr
(Actual average power requirement LOWER)
• 125 kW SSL Requirements
– Cooling Required: 107 tons (375 kW pk pwr)
– Total Power (w/o cooling): 500 kW pk pwr
• Intermediate Energy Storage Possible
• Increased ship’s weight of 10-40 MT
depending on SSL power, stored energy
requirements, and additional cooling
• Requires modifications to power cables and
cooling systems
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HEL Propagation
Just another day on patrol…
• More optimal propagation as
you move from maritime, to
land-based, to airborne, and
finally to space
• Negative impact on beam
quality and thus lethality
• Shock & Vib Specs
15
Manned
Spacecraft
Satellites
Commercial AirUnmanned
Aircraft System
Tactical Air
Commercial
Vessels
Surface CombatantsThreat Vessels
Platform Position Accuracy
HEL Pointing
Accuracy and
Specifications
Required HEL “Clear Path”
HEL Threat
Engagement
Threat Flight Plath
HEL CEP
Moves in a Dynamic
HEL Engagement
Overall HEL
Beam Accuracy
Tactical/Commercial
Assets
Space Assets
Surface Contacts
© David C. Stoudt, May 2011
Predictive Avoidance and
Airspace / Surface Deconfliction Problem
Distribution A – Distribution is Unlimited
Navy Proven
GFE Advances!
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Distribution A – Distribution is Unlimited
Current Naval HEL Initiatives
• LaWS Solid State Laser Quick Reaction
Capability (SSL-QRC): NAVSEA PMS-
405/ONR
• High Energy Fiber Laser (HEFL): ONR
• Ground Based Air Defense (GBAD) FNC:
ONR
• Solid State Laser Technology Maturation
(SSL-TM): ONR/PMS-405
• Free Electron Laser (FEL): ONR
SSL-TM
ARTIST CONCEPTUAL IMAGE 16
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DISTRIBUTION A – DISTRIBUTION IS UNLIMITED
Solid State Laser – Quick Reaction Capability AN/SEQ-3(XN-1) Laser Weapon System (LaWS)
Laser Weapon System Integrated with
CIWS and Commercial Radars
Install Summer 2014: USS PONCE
For Operational Deployment
Risk reduction for future program of record
Close & Medium Range
High Resolution Optical
ID, Defeat & BDA
17
Long Range LOS/Optical
Air Target ID, Defeat & BDA
COUNTER UAV COUNTER ISR
COUNTER SMALL BOAT
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Solid State Laser Weapon System
• Follow-on to ONR SSL-TM
development program
• Navy planning to commence
JCIDS Pre-Milestone A
analysis, evaluating SSL
technical maturity, operational
capabilities, and affordability
with intent to transition SSL-
TM to a PoR in FY16 (IOC
FY21/22)
19
Distribution A – Distribution is Unlimited
Submarine High Energy Laser
Working Group
• Provide an offensive and defensive
capability against high-speed small boats
and low-speed fixed and rotary wing
aircraft in the mid-term (6-10 years).
• May provide improved performance,
affordability, maintainability, reliability,
and system volume over other options.
• The SUB HEL WG, chartered and led by OPNAV N97, reviewed and
assessed the technology required to develop a HEL Weapon for integration
on a submarine.
• SUB HEL WG is drafting a proposed way ahead for the development and
integration of a HEL weapon system demonstration on a submarine.
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Distribution A – Distribution is Unlimited
• Counter-IED
• Counter-UAS
• Non-lethal Counter-Personnel
• Vehicle/Vessel Stopping
• Counter-command, control,
communication and
computers (C-C4)
• Infrastructure attack
• Counter-man portable air
defense systems (C-
MANPAD)
• UAS based HPRF GPS
Jammer Detection & Negation
Naval HPRF Capabilities & Missions
Active Denial NIRF
Guillotine
RFVS
C-C4
RFVS
Infrastructure Attack
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Recent Naval Successes in DE
• Counter-IED – NIRF
– RELOC
– Banshee
– Detect/Neutralize FNC
• High Power Radio Frequency – Airborne HPM MUA
– RF Vehicle Stopper
– RF Vessel Stopper
– Pre-emplaced Vehicle Stopper
– Joint Counter-RF Program
• High Energy Laser – NAVSEA LaWS – Black Dart
2009/2011/2012
– Maritime Laser Demonstration
– MK38 Laser Demonstration
Distribution A – Distribution is Unlimited
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Distribution A – Distribution is Unlimited
Summary
• The DON is a leader in DoD in DEW development and
operational employment
– Current or proposed R&D efforts across all naval domains:
Surface Ships
Aircraft
Ground Vehicles
Submarines
• DEW systems will present new challenges for platform
integration that will influence future platform designs
• DEWs provide the opportunity for the Navy and Marine
Corps to meet capability gaps in a more cost effective
manner with a relatively unlimited magazine depth