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8/3/2019 DIR and Brain Development
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/dir-and-brain-development 1/29
Developmental Researchand Theory
Underlying DIR:
From Triangle Model to Pyramid
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The DIR Pyramid
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DIR: Development
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Differences
l h
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DIR: Relationship
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Neural Integration allows:
Regulation of the body via ANS
Regulation of emotions
Emotional attunement
Interpersonal communication – w/ eye contact
Sense of others‟ subjective experiences
Response flexibility
Self-awareness/autobiographical memory
Morality
D in DIR
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Lack of NeurologicalIntegration
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Lack of NeurologicalIntegration
What’s wrong in children with pervasive developmentaldisorders?
Brain functions are not integrated
Similar to the effects of trauma on brain dev‟t
Limbic system, especially the orbitofrontal cortex,
integrates the functions of the different regions ofthe brain
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Neurological Integrationand DIR
Greenspan said, “Always think W-A-A”
(link together or integrate):
Words – Affect - Actions
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“Affect” in DIR Theory
Role of affect in DIR:
Emotion appears to influence virtually all neural
circuits and mental processes
Disorganized brain needs integration.
Deep learning or integrated learning, accessible again
in future, in differing contexts
Emotion INTEGRATES the brain
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“Affect” in DIR
How does affect integrate?
Overlapping neural circuits in the affect managing
system or limbic system mediate:
-- Emotion
--Self-regulation
--Interpersonal communication
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“Affect” in AutismTreatment
Circuits in the limbic system:
--perceive and
--respond to
the internal states of others
Mediate emotion
Generate motivational states
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Integration: Limbic System
Emotion
Regulation
Interpersonal
Communication
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Affect in DIR
Emotion underlies the process ofmotivation –emotions drive actions (Latin
„motore‟ - to move) Attention to a stimulusappraise/evaluate significance
hedonic tone (good/approach?Bad/avoid?)categorical emotion (fear, joy, shame?)expresssion of emotion
(affect)
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Affect in DIR
Affect is the end of a chain of neuromodulatoryprocessing that is important because it:
- Increases the excitability of the neurons- Enhances plasticity,synaptic connections
- Integrates widely across the brain
- Fundamental to integration and self-regulation
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Behavioral Disintegrationwithout affect as glue
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Hemispheric Integrationand DIR
Right hemisphere provides autonoeticconsciousness and autobiographical memoryretrieval as well as social cognition
Left hemisphere provides the ability to perceiveand comprehend cause-effect or logic
Integration between the hemispheres allows for akey component of healthy functioning: thebuilding of a coherent self-narrative
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Hemispheric Integration
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Integration, Narratives,and Attachment
Integration makes possible coherentnarratives of self, other, and the world
Key predictor of secure attachment in one‟sfuture offspring to oneself
Hence bi-hemispheric integration allowsinterpersonal integration and thetransmission of attachment patterns
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The R in DIR
• The mind regulates the flow of energy and theflow of information
-- within a person
-- between persons
• The brain is constructed by interactions withothers
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The R in DIR
Relationships develop the integration of thefunctioning brain and the capacity forflexibility, self-regulation, and flexible self-
regulation
Integration within the brain allows forinterpersonal integration – free, open,collaborative exchange of energy andinformation with another person‟s mind
Integration allows for regularity/predictabilityon one dimension, spontaneity/novelty on the
other dimension in a person, a dyad, a family
t t t
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verarc ng trateg es toPromote D in DIR
Responding
Challenging
Expanding
Imagining
Connecting
Attuning
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The R in DIR
“As we participate in the „co-construction‟ of each other‟s minds,intimately sculpting the unfolding of
our mutually created life stories, wefind that our most intimate personalprocesses such as self are actuallycreated by our neural machinery thatis, by evolution, designed to be alteredby relationship experiences” (p. 20).
--Daniel Siegel, “An Interpersonal Neurobiology of Psychotherapy”, Healing Trauma, 2003.
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Disrupted R
Disrupted attachment causes relationaltrauma and interferes with neural
integration, prevents development ofcoherent narratives to adequatelymanage flow of information and
caregiver decision making (safety vs.exploration, this child vs competingrole demands)
F B d E
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From Body to Emotion toSelf – all via Relationship
The core sense of self emerges from bodily experiences(Stern) – how we feel becomes who we feel we are
Then the emotional self emerges from feelings derivedfrom the primary attachment relationship
Schore: “The core of the self lies in patterns of affectregulation”
The representational self is a working model built fromexperiences in relationship. Integrated representations ofourselves and others bring together love and anger,
nuance, complexity
B ildi S lf i
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Building a Self viaRelationship
“Growing up with someone who has our mind inmind equips us as „mental agents‟ who candeliberately attempt to make sense of subjectiveexperience, so as to be able to be present for it,rather than feel overwhelmed by or cut off from it.”David Wallin, p. 67
B ildi B i i
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Building a Brain viaRelationship
Schore: “The baby‟s brain is not only affected bythese interactions; its growth literally requiresbrain/brain interactions and occurs in the context ofa positive relationship between mother and infant.”
Siegel: “The…development of the brain largelydepends on how [maturation of neurological
system] is shaped by interpersonal experience.” Wallin, p. 69
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The R in DIR
Mutually shared affective interactions are the mechanism ofestablishing secure attachment (Siegel)
Affective resonancemaintenance of positive affective statescritical for optimal neurobiological development (Schore, Tronick)
“Countless repetitions of the sequence of attunement, disruption,and repair lead to an affective competence, as the individualinternalizes the affect-managing strategies of the dyad” (Fosha)
This leads to confidence in one‟s own abilities and trust in others‟responsiveness (Tronick)
Success at repair of dyadic disruptionsemotional resilience(Fonagy & Steele et al.)