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8/16/2019 diploma Gis own ppt
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UNIT-IIIPENDING CONTENTS :-
a)GIS
b)PHOTOGRAMMETRYc)MAP PROJECTIONS
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What is GIS?
A t!ch"#$#%& ' ha( *a(! + s#,t*a(! t##$s
A" i",#( ati#" ha" $i"% st(at!%&
Th! #b.!cti/!: t# i 0(#/! #/!(a$$ !cisi#"a1i"%
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GIS: a ,#( a$ !,i"iti#"
“A system for capturing, storing, checking,integrating, manipulating, analysing anddisplaying data which are spatiallyreferenced to the Earth. This is normallyconsidered to involve a spatially referenced
computer database and appropriateapplications software”
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Wh& is GIS 4"i54!?
GIS ha" $!s SPATIA6 i",#( ati#" ' I",#( ati#" (!,!(!"c! b& its $#cati#" i" s0ac!
GIS a1!s c#""!cti#"s b!t*!!" acti/iti!s bas! #" s0atia$ 0(#7i it&
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GIS c#"c!0ts a(! "#t "!*9
Water pumpWater pump
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GIS: hist#(ica$ bac1%(#4"
This t!ch"#$#%& has !/!$#0! ,(# : ' Di%ita$ ca(t#%(a0h& a" CAD ' Data ;as! Ma"a%! !"t S&st! s
1
2
3
ATTRIBID X,Y12
3
ID12
3
CAD S&st!CAD S&st! Data ;as! Ma"a%! !"t S&st!Data ;as! Ma"a%! !"t S&st!
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DigitalDigitalMappingMapping
Photo-Photo-grammetrygrammetry
Computer Computer Aided AidedDesignDesign
SurveyingSurveying
RemoteRemoteSensingSensing
DatabasesDatabases
GISGIS
Cross-dis iplinary nature o! "#S
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<
GIS c# 0#"!"ts
Specifc applications /decision making objectives$$
G I SG I S
Spatialdata
Comp te!Comp te! "a!d#a!e //so$t#a!e toolsso$t#a!e tools
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=
What a1!s ata s0atia$?
Pla enamePla ename"rid o-ordinate"rid o-ordinate
Post odePost ode
Distan e % bearingDistan e % bearingDes riptionDes ription
&atitude ' &ongitude&atitude ' &ongitude
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Cha(act!(istics #, s0atia$ ata
Location
( Description: Chebrolu engineering ollege( Post Code: ))))( Grid Reference: *1+1, ./2 1 +*3,.3/( Latitude/Longitude: ,0 21 **.3+ W 450 3 1/. 2 6
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Cha(act!(istics #, s0atia$ ata
Geometry
Th! sha0! #, a b4i$ i"% #( c#4"t&Th! c#4(s! #, a (i/!(@th! (#4t! #, a (#a
Th! sha0! #, th!$a" sca0!@ (!$i!,
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>2
Cha(act!(istics #, s0atia$ ataTopology
• C#""!ct! t#• Withi"• A .ac!"t t#• N#(th #,
• Within the oyal !orough of "ingston#upon#Thames• $pposite the %urrey &ounty &ouncil building • 'orth of %urbiton station• Ad(acent to )enrhyn oad
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S0atia$ Data: !7a 0$!s
S#ci#-!c#"# ic ata ' R!%i#"a$ h!a$th ata
' C#"s4 !( B $i,!st&$! 0(#,i$!s ' G!# ! #%(a0hics
E"/i(#" !"ta$ ata ' T#0#%(a0hic ata ' Th! atic ata@ s#i$s@ %!#$#%&
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>3
Data Modelling - step 1( 7eatures
8 9uildings 8 Road entrelines 8 & olumns 8 "as pipes 8 C:; A ess overs 8 Road sur!a es
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Data M# !$$i"% - st!0
7eature < 9uilding
=b>e t< Polygon?ntity< :ourist#n!ormation9ureau
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>
Att(ib4t!s
6ame < )@
Address< * MarBet Pla e:o n< " 6: R= ner< ;EM:el. 6o< FFFFFFFFFF7loor spa e 13,, sG m
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><
S0atia$ ata st#(a%!
!ct#( # !$
Rast!( # !$
point
1,6
2,5
5,4
4,1
7,105,9
4,7
6,68,6
9,8
line
polygon
2,2
5 10
5
10
as %!# !t(ic #b.!cts: 0#i"ts@ $i"!s@ 0#$&%#"s
as i a%! ,i$!sc# 0#s! #, %(i -c!$$s
0i7!$s)
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S0atia$ ata st#(a%! # !$
i 0#(ta"t i" !t!( i"i"% th! 0#t!"tia$ a00$icati#"s #, th! s&st!# !$ a& a$s# a,,!ct th! t&0! #, a"a$&sis *#(1 that ca" b! achi!/!
h&b(i a00(#ach t# st#(i"% %(a0hica$ a" att(ib4t! i",#( ati#"Att(ib4t! i",#( ati#" #,t!" st#(! *ithi" sta" a( (!$ati#"a$ atabas!G(a0hica$ i",#( ati#" is st#(! i" a 0(#0(i!ta(& ,i$! s&st! ' #0ti is! t##$s ,#( ata ha" $i"% ' a$th#4%h "#"-sta" a( 0(#0(i!ta(& s&st! *i$$ b! i,,ic4$t t# i"t!%(at!
*ith #th!( s&st! s@ it *i$$ t!" t# b! /!(& !,,ici!"t at ha" $i"% $a(%!%(a0hics ,i$!s
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!ct#( ata # !$
a /a"ta%! #, th! /!ct#( ata ,#( at: a$$#*s 0(!cis! (!0(!s!"tati#" #, 0#i"ts@ b#4" a(i!s@ a" $i"!a( ,!at4(!s
' 4s!,4$ ,#( a"a$&sis tas1s that (!54i(! acc4(at! 0#siti#"i"%@
' ,#( !,i"i"% s0atia$ (!$ati#"shi0 i! th! c#""!cti/it& a" a .ac!"c&) b!t*!!" c#/!(a%! ,!at4(!s t#0#$#%&)@ i 0#(ta"t ,#( s4ch 04(0#s!s as"!t*#(1 a"a$&sis ,#( !7a 0$! t# ,i" a" #0ti a$ 0ath b!t*!!" t*# "# !si" a c# 0$!7 t(a"s0#(t "!t*#(1)
ai" isa /a"ta%! #, /!ct#( ata is that th! b#4" a(i!s #, th! (!s4$ti"%a0 0#$&%#"s a(! isc(!t! !"c$#s! b& *!$$- !,i"! b#4" a(& $i"!s)@
*h!(!as i" (!a$it& th! a0 0#$&%#"s a& (!0(!s!"t c#"ti"4#4s%(a ati#" #( %(a 4a$ cha"%!@ as i" s#i$ a0s
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Rast!( ata # !$
%## ,#( (!0(!s!"ti"% i" isti"ct b#4" a(i!s ' th! atic i",#( ati#" #" s#i$ t&0!s@ s#i$ #ist4(!@ /!%!tati#"@ %(#4"
t! 0!(at4(!s
as (!c#""aissa"c! sat!$$it!s a" a!(ia$ s4(/!&s 4s! (ast!(-bas!sca""!(s@ th! i",#( ati#" i! sca""! i a%!s) ca" b! i(!ct$&i"c#(0#(at! i"t# GISth! hi%h!( th! %(i (!s#$4ti#"@ th! $a(%!( th! ata ,i$! is %#i"% t# b!
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22
M# !$$i"% th! (!a$ *#($
1 1 20 50
1 2 24 45
1 3 52 55
2 1 0 4546 40
...
0 0 0 0 0 0 02 0 0 0 0 0 0
1 0 0 0 0 2 0
0 1 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 2 0 0 0
0 2 2 2 0
1 ...
x
y
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2
!ct#( ata
6a" 4s! 0a(c!$s
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Rast!( ata
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Ma"i04$ati#" a" a"a$&sis
What *#4$ ha00!" i, A chemical leaked into a river*
Wh!(! #!s The +reen !elt e ist in relation to the &ity*Has
)opulation changed over the last ten years*Is th!(! a s0atia$ 0att!(" (!$at! t# &ar ownership in our area*
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Databas!s + GIS
At a si 0$! $!/!$ aGIS a& .4st ,#(
th! %(a0hica$i"t!(,ac! t# aatabas!
Th! a.#(it& #, GISa00$icati#"s ,#$$#*this !7a 0$! Linked database tableLinked database table
Spatial dataSpatial data
SQL Query Manager SQL Query Manager
Map#n!oMap#n!o
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G!#-(!$ati#"a$ Data M# !$s
6i"1! tab$!s bas! #" th! (!$ati#"a$ # !$@ b4t st#(i"% %!#%(a0hica$ i",#( ati#" s4ch as: ' G!# !t(& ' T#0#$#%&
' Att(ib4t!s
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GIS + A"a$&sisI" th! c#"t!7t #, GIS@ a"a$&sis is
“ Deriving new information from existing data” It is a$s# th! a"i04$ati#" #, ata t# s#$/! a 0(#b$!
! %identify all areas within - m of a lake
I"c(!asi"% 4s! is a ! #, th! a"a$&tica$ ca0abi$iti!s #, GIS@ ;UTa"& GIS 0(#.!cts #"$& 4s! th! s#,t*a(! t# st#(! a" a"a%!
%!#%(a0hica$ ata
Y!t a"a$&sis #,t!" (!$i!s #" a"& si 0$! basic GIS t!ch"i54!s
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Si 0$! F4!(&Th! i !"ti,icati#" #, #b.!cts a" th!i( att(ib4t!s!ith!( b& $#cati#" #( att(ib4t! 54!(&
Map#n!oMap#n!o
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;4,,!(i"%
C(!ati#" #, a" a(!a #, i"t!(!st a(#4" a" #b.!ct ' 0(#7i it& a"a$&sis a" !"/i(#" !"ta$ i 0act ass!ss !"t
Map#n!oMap#n!o
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O/!($a&s6a&!(: A th! atic 0$a"! #, GIS ,!at4(!s c#"tai"i"%%!#%(a0hica$$& a" $#%ica$$& (!$at! ataO/!($a&i"% i"/#$/!s s40!(i 0#si"% t*# #( #(! a0 $a&!(s t#
0(# 4c! a "!* a0 $a&!(
E7a 0$!: a "!* %!"!tica$$& !"%i"!!(! /a(i!t& #, *h!at %(#*s *!$$ i" (&!"/i(#" !"ts@ *ith $#"% %(#*i"% s!as#"s a" a$1a$i"! s#i$s Gi/!" th!a/ai$abi$it& #, ata #" th! $!"%th #, th! %(#*i"% s!as#"@ #ist4(! (!%i ! a"s#i$ a$1a$i"it&@ *h!(! is th! b!st 0$ac! t# 0$a"t th! *h!at? ' #/!($a&i"% s40!(i 0#si"%) s!/!(a$ a0s sh#*i"% s!0a(at!$&) *at!(-b4 %!t@
%(#*i"% s!as#" $!"%th@ s#i$ 0H@ s# i4 c#"t!"t@ a" s# #" Th! GIS a"a$&sis ca"
!stab$ish th! $#cati#"s *h!(! a$$ th! ,a/#(ab$! s#i$ c#" iti#"s c#i"ci !@ as th! 0$ac!s*h!(! th! *h!at *i$$ %(#* b!st
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8
The benefits of GIS include:
;!tt!( i",#( ati#" a"a%! !"t
Hi%h!( 54a$it& a"a$&sis
Abi$it& t# ca((& #4t *hat i,? sc!"a(i#s
I 0(#/! 0(#.!ct !,,ici!"c&
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GIS A00$icati#"s
aci$iti!s a"a%! !"tMa(1!ti"% a" (!tai$i"%E"/i(#" !"ta$T(a"s0#(tB/!hic$! (#4ti"%
H!a$th a" a"& #(!
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T!((!st(ia$ a" a!(ia$
0h#t#%(a !t(&IMAGES