Dipartimento Energia Politecnico di Torino › attachments › 1014...COGEN Europe Position Paper 2013 “Micro-CHP – A cost-effective solution to save energy, reduce GHG emissions

La strategia europea della micro-cogenerazione ed il progetto Ene.field

M. Santarelli, P. Leone, A. Lanzini Dipartimento Energia – Politecnico di Torino

“Member States should carry out a comprehensive assessment of the potential for high-efficiency cogeneration and district heating and cooling.”

Fuel Cell Group - Dip. Energia 2

Efficienza energetica in Europa

DIRECTIVE 2012/27/EU on Energy Efficiency

Fonte: SEN 2013

COGEN Europe Position Paper 2013 “Micro-CHP – A cost-effective solution to save energy, reduce GHG emissions and partner with intermittent renewables.“ La rapida diffusione di generatori da fonte rinnovabile, per loro natura intermittenti ed imprevedibili, genera una maggiore volatilità del prezzo dell’energia elettrica. La micro-cogenerazione può favorire un migliore bilanciamento della rete.


La micro-cogenerazione in Europa


Vantaggi della micro-cogenerazione a FC

Fonte: elaborazione del Politecnico di Torino


Target tecno-economici al 2020

Durabilità: vita utile dello stack (hours×1000)

Indicatore SoA e Target Fattore di scala

4

Efficienza elettrica: 2

Costo di produzione: (k€/kW) 2


Il progetto dimostrativo ENE-FIELD

The ene.field project has received funding from the European Union's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013)

for the Fuel Cells and Hydrogen Joint Technology Initiative under grant agreement No 303462

1000 unità installate in 12 paesi

European-wide field trials for residential fuel cell micro-CHP





• The ene.field project is the largest European demonstration of the latest smart energy solution for private homes, fuel cell micro-CHP.

• It includes 26 partners including manufacturers, utilities, research institutes and universities and will last 5 years.

• Demonstration over 3 years in each case. • Lifecycle cost assessment, barriers report, commercialization framework. • ene.field is expected to cost €53, with €26 million coming directly from the

European Union under the Seventh Framework Programme.


I micro-CHP di ENE-FIELD

FC technology LT PEM / HT PEM SOFC / IT-SOFC

kW electrical 1 kW - 5kW 0.8kW – 2.5kW

kW thermal 1.4kW - 10 kW 1.4kW - 25kW

System efficiency (LHV) 85% - 90% 80-95%

Electrical efficiency (LHV) 35% 35%- 40%

System type Floor Wall or Floor

Certification CE CE

Catteristiche tecniche


Installation of the Elcore 2400 system at family Aberl: Jörg Schröter, Schröter Haustechnik (left), Martin Eichelbrönner, Elcore GmbH (right) and family Aberl represented by their last born son.

Prime installazioni in ENE-FIELD



FUEL CELL mCHP SYSTEM

GRID

HEAT & HOT WATER

Surge protection, wiring, monitoring

equipment, etc.

Heating system requirements,

hot water requirements,

piping, etc.

PROJECT

ADMINISTRATIONS (local, regional, national)

Ventilation, site dimensions, safety, etc.

Construction permits, pre-installation documents, etc.

Interface accessibility, marking

PEOPLE(user, installer, maintenance)

NATURAL GAS

AIR

WATER

EXHAUST

INLET FLUIDSSITING

BUILDING

Composition, pressure,

connection, etc.

Exhaust composition, temperature, condensation,

etc.

Domestic CHP Japan’s Ene-Farm scheme has been one of the world’s most successful fuel cell projects. At the beginning of 2012, more than 20,000 subsidy-supported units had been installed in Japan. RCS has not been a barrier to adoption here and it is clear why: the units run on the same town gas the boilers they are displacing do – so long as the fuel cell is certified and complies with existing boiler regulations, RCS should not be a prohibitive factor. This principle is true in a global context as well. Domestic fuel cells with external reformers can break the definition of a boiler in some locales, but the majority of domestic fuel cell systems available today have integrated reformers.


ENE-FARM (Japan)

The Japanese Ene-Farm scheme should install around 50,000 systems in 2013. Hydrogen and fuel cell research funding in Japan topped $240 million in 2012, more than twice the amount being spent by the U.S. Department of Energy.


ENE-FARM (Japan)


Investimenti pubblici nel settore FCH

Nel periodo 2010-2012, i membri IPHE hanno investito più di 2.5 miliardi diUS$ per RD&D nel settore idrogeno e celle a combustibile, ovvero per sussidi alla diffusione tecnologica


Investimenti pubblici nel settore FCH

Nel periodo 2010-2012, i membri dell’Unione Europea hanno investito circa 1 miliardo di US$.

38,9%

13,0%

34,9%

0,2% 3,0%

3,0%

7,0% Commissione Europea

Francia

Germania

Islanda

Italia

Norvegia

Regno Unito


MW installati nel mondo

• Si prevedono 215.3 MW installati per il 2013 (76 % delle unità installate in Asia). La maggior parte sarà nel settore stazionario.

• Crescita soprattutto in Giappone grazie ad Ene-farm (residenziale), ed in Corea del Sud (generazione distribuita multi-MW).

Opportunità per le utility energetiche: 1. Le utilities devono diventare fornitori leader di servizi e prodotti ad

alta efficienza energetica. 2. Partnership con enti finanziari (banche) per aiutare il consumatore

verso l’acquisto o affitto di sistemi ad alta efficienza. 3. Nuove figure professionali come promotori/rappresentanti

commerciali ed installatori/manutentori specializzati devono essere create a supporto dei nuovi servizi e prodotti energetici disponibili.


Business models per gli erogatori di servizi energetici

McKinsey Quarterly Report, 2012, «Battle for the home of the future: How utilities can win»


Utilizzo del biogas in SOFC


Impianti SOFC + ciclo combinato

Kobayashi, Y., et al., Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Technical Review 2011, Vol. 48 No. 3

GRAZIE PER L’ATTENZIONE

[email protected]


Documents

Dipartimento Energia Politecnico di Torino › attachments › 1014...COGEN Europe Position Paper 2013 “Micro-CHP – A cost-effective solution to save energy, reduce GHG emissions