Diocese of Bacolod v Comelec Full

8/18/2019 Diocese of Bacolod v Comelec Full

1/92

CASES REPORTED

SUPREME COURT REPORTS ANNOTATED

____________________

G.R. No. 205728. January 21 2015.!

T"E D#OCESE O$ %ACO&OD r'(r')'n*'+ ,y *-' MOST RE. %#S"OP #CENTE M. NAARRA an+ T"E%#S"OP "#MSE&$ #N "#S PERSONA& CAPAC#T/ ('**on'r) vs. COMM#SS#ON ON E&ECT#ONS an+ *-'E&ECT#ON O$$#CER O$ %ACO&OD C#T/ ATT/. MA#& . MAJARUCON r')(on+'n*).

Remedial Law; Special Civil Actions; Certiorari; Rule 64 is not the exclusive remedy for all acts of the Commission on Elections C!"ELEC#. Rule 6$ is applica%le especially to raise o%&ections relatin' toa 'rave a%use of discretion resultin' in the ouster of &uris(

_______________

! EN %ANC.

2

2SUPREME COURT REPORTS ANNOTATED

)he *iocese of +acolod vs. Commission on Elections

diction.—Ru' 3 ) no* *-' '4u)6' r''+y or a a*) o *-' COME&EC. Ru' 5 ) a((a,'')('ay *o ra)' o,9'*on) r'a*n: *o a :ra6' a,u)' o +)r'*on r')u*n: n *-' ou)*'r o

9ur)+*on. A) a )('a 6 a*on *-'r' u)* a)o ,' a )-o;n: *-a* *-'r' ,' no (an )(''+y an+a+'


2/92

Same; Same; *urin' elections3 the Supreme Court SC# has the power and the duty to correct any 'rave a%use of discretion or any act tainted with unconstitutionality on the part of any

'overnment %ranch or instrumentality .—Durn: ''*on) ;' -a6' *-' (o;'r an+ *-' +u*y *o orr'*any :ra6' a,u)' o +)r'*on or any a* *an*'+ ;*- unon)**u*ona*y on *-' (ar* o any :o6'rn'n*

,ran- or n)*ru'n*a*y. T-) nu+') a*on) ,y *-' COME&EC. $ur*-'ror' * ) *-) our*’)

on)**u*ona an+a*' *o (ro*'* *-' ('o(' a:an)* :o6'rn'n*’) nrn:''n* o *-'r un+a'n*ar:-*). T-) on)**u*ona an+a*' ou*;':-) *-' 9ur)+*on 6')*'+ ;*- *-' COME&EC.

Courts; ierarchy of Courts; )he doctrine that re1uires respect for the hierarchy of courts wascreated %y the Supreme Court SC# to ensure that every level of the &udiciary performs its desi'nated

roles in an e5ective and ecient manner .— T-' +o*rn' *-a* r'


3/92

(u, n :'n'ra n *-' -o(' o nKu'nn: *-'r 6o*'). #* ay ,' )a+ *-a* n an ''*on y'ar *-'r:-* *o 6o*' n''))ary nu+') *-' r:-* *o r'' )(''- an+ '4(r'))on. T-' (ro*'*on o *-')'un+a'n*a on)**u*ona r:-*) *-'r'or' ao;) or *-' '+a*' r')or* *o *-) our*.

Same; Same; )his case concerns the ri'ht of petitioners3 who are noncandidates3 to post the

tarpaulin in their private property3 as an exercise of their ri'ht of free expression.— T-' (r')'n* ('**on+o') no* n6o6' a +)(u*' ,'*;''n *-' r- an+ (oor or *-' (o;'ru an+ ;'a on *-'r '=w>hat constitutes =as> 'ood and sucient cause that will merit suspension of the rules is discretionary

upon the court.”— T' an+ a:an ;' -a6' -'+ *-a* *-) our* “-a) *-' (o;'r *o r'a4 or )u)('n+ *-'ru') or *o '4'(* a a)' ro *-'r o('ra*on ;-'n o('n: r'a)on) )o ;arran* or ;-'n *-'(ur(o)' o 9u)*'


4/92

7O&. 737 JANUAR/ 21 2015

7)he *iocese of +acolod vs. Commission on Elections

r'1? a )('a'r )''n: *o ):na o*-'r) u)')on6'n*ona a*on) ,'au)' -' or )-' r'a)ona,y ,''6') *-a* )u- a*on) ; ,' *a'n ,y *-'

au+'n' n *-' ann'r n*'n+'+ an+ >2? *-' au+'n' )o *a') *-' a*on).” “I#n ouna*6'

a*onI *-' -'ar'r ay r')(on+ *o *-' a) ,y . . . '*-'r a'(*n: *-' )(''- a*’) a) or

o((o)n: *-' ;*- r*) or r'


5/92

+'Bnn: 'a*ur' o a :oo+ (o*y.” T-) *-'ory ay ,' on)+'r'+ ,roa+ ,u* * +'Bn*'y “nu+') Ia

o'*6' +')onHan: ;*- *-' (ar*(a*on o a ;-o ; ,' a'*'+ ,y *-' +')on.”#* an-or)on *-' (rn(' *-a* *-' orn'r)*on' o '6'ry +'oray ) *-a* )o6'r':n*y r')+') n *-' ('o('. To

'n)ur' or+'r n runnn: *-' )*a*'’) aar) )o6'r':n (o;'r) ;'r' +'':a*'+ an+ n+6+ua) ;ou+ ,'''*'+ or nona*'+ n 'y :o6'rn'n* (o)*on) *o r'(r')'n* *-' ('o('. On *-) no*' *-' *-'ory on+','ra*6' +'oray ay '6o6' *o *-' r:-* o *-' ('o(' *o a' :o6'rn'n* aoun*a,'.N''))ary *-) nu+') *-' r:-* o *-' ('o(' *o r*' a*) a+' (ur)uan* *o :o6'rn'n*aun*on). S(''- *-a* (roo*') +ao:u' on (u, aar) or ar) ou* :r'6an') an+ (o*a+)on*'n* )-ou+ *-u) ,' (ro*'*'+ an+ 'noura:'+.

9

O&. 737 JANUAR/ 21 2015L


Same; Same; )he Supreme Court SC# has held free speech and other intellectual freedoms as

“hi'hly ran9ed in our scheme of constitutional values.”)hese ri'hts en&oy precedence and primacy .—

P'**on'r) n6o' *-'r “on)**u*ona r:-* *o ouna*' *-'r o(non) 6';) an+ ,'') a,ou*

))u') an+ an++a*').” T-'y ar:u' *-a* *-' *ar(aun ;a) *-'r )*a*''n* o a((ro6a an+ a((r'a*on

o *-' na'+ (u, oa)’a* o 6o*n: a:an)* *-' R" &a; an+ *-'r r*) *o;ar+ *-o)' ;-o

6o*'+ n *) a6or. #* ;a) “(ar* o *-'r a+6oay a(a:n a:an)* *-' R" &a;”;-- ;a) no* (a+ or

,y any an++a*' or (o*a (ar*y. T-u) “*-'


6/92

(ro*'*'+ )(''- ar' )* )u,9'* *o )o' r')*r*on). T-' +':r'' o r')*r*on ay +'('n+ on;-'*-'r *-' r':ua*on ) on*'n*H,a)'+ or on*'n*Hn'u*ra. Con*'n*H,a)'+ r':ua*on) an '*-'r ,',a)'+ on *-' 6';(on* o *-' )('a'r or *-' )u,9'* o *-' '4(r'))on.

Same; Same; Clear and /resent *an'er Rule; Content(%ased re'ulation %ears a heavy

presumption of invalidity3 and this court has used the clear and present dan'er rule as measure.—S'*a*on) +urn: ''*on) -* a* a or' (ar* o '4(r'))on. T-' on*'n* o *-' *ar(aun ) no* 'a)y+6or'+ ro *-' )' o *) '+u. Con*'n*H,a)'+ r':ua*on ,'ar) a -'a6y (r')u(*on o

n6a+*y an+ *-) our* -a) u)'+ *-' 'ar an+ (r')'n* +an:'r ru' a) 'a)ur'. T-u) n Chave2 v.2008?@ A on*'n*H,a)'+ r':ua*on -o;'6'r ,'ar) a -'a6y (r')u(*on o n6a+*y an+ ) 'a)ur'+ a:an)* *-' 'ar an+ (r')'n* +an:'r ru'. T-' a**'r ; (a)) on)**u*onau)*'r ony 9u)*B'+ ,y a o('n: r'a)on an+ *-' r')*r*on) (o)'+ ar' n'*-'r o6'r,roa+ nor

6a:u'. >C*a*on) o**'+? Un+'r *-) ru' “*-' '6 on)'


7/92

'4(r'))on. T-' COME&EC’) a* o r'1LL8? an+ ,ational/ress Clu% v. C!"ELEC 207 SCRA 1 >1LL2?. R':ua*on o )(''- n *-' on*'4* o ''*ora a(a:n)a+' ,y ('r)on) ;-o ar' no* an++a*') or ;-o +o no* )('a a) ','r) o a (o*a (ar*y ;--ar' *a'n a) a ;-o' (rn(ay a+6oa') o a )oa ))u' *-a* *-' (u, u)* on)+'r +urn:

''*on) ) unon)**u*ona. Su- r':ua*on ) non))*'n* ;*- *-' :uaran*'' o aor+n: *-' u')*(o)),' ran:' o o(non) on: ro *-' ''*ora*' nu+n: *-o)' *-a* an a*ay' an++unn-,*'+ an+ ro,u)* +',a*' n *-' r*'ra or *-' -o' o a an++a*'.

Same; Same; Re'ulation of election paraphernalia will still %e constitutionally valid if it reachesinto speech of persons who are not candidates or who do not spea9 as mem%ers of a political party if they are not candidates3 only if what is re'ulated is declarative speech that3 ta9en as a whole3 has for its principal o%&ect the endorsement of a candidate only; )he re'ulation must only %e with respect tothe

14

13


8/92

SUPREME COURT REPORTS ANNOTATED)he *iocese of +acolod vs. Commission on Elections

time3 place3 and manner of the rendition of the messa'e.—Re'ulation of election paraphernaliawill still %e constitutionally valid if it reaches into speech of persons who are not candidates or who donot spea9 as mem%ers of a political party if they are not candidates3 only if what is re'ulated isdeclarative speech that3 ta9en as a whole3 has for its principal o%&ect the endorsement of a candidate

only. )he re'ulation a# should %e provided %y law3 %# reasona%le3 c# narrowly tailored to meet theo%&ective of enhancin' the opportunity of all candidates to %e heard and considerin' the primacy of the 'uarantee of free expression3 and d# demonstra%ly the least restrictive means to achieve that o%&ect. )he re'ulation must only %e with respect to the time3 place3 and manner of the rendition of themessa'e. 7n no situation may the speech %e prohi%ited or censored on the %asis of its content. 8or this purpose3 it will not matter whether the speech is made with or on private property.

Same; Same; Ri'ht to /roperty; !ther than the ri'ht to freedom of expression and the

meanin'ful exercise of the ri'ht to su5ra'e3 the present case also involves one’s ri'ht to property .—O*-'r *-an *-' r:-* *o r''+o o '4(r'))on an+ *-' 'ann:u '4'r)' o *-' r:-* *o )ura:' *-'

(r')'n* a)' a)o n6o6') on'’) r:-* *o (ro('r*y.Same; Same; Same; 8reedom of expression can %e intimately related with the ri'ht to property .

—$r''+o o '4(r'))on an ,' n*a*'y r'a*'+ ;*- *-' r:-* *o (ro('r*y. T-'r' ay ,' no

'4(r'))on ;-'n *-'r' ) no (a' ;-'r' *-' '4(r'))on ay ,' a+'. COME&EC’) nrn:''n* u(on

('**on'r)’(ro('r*y r:-*) a) n *-' (r')'n* a)' a)o r'a-') ou* *o nrn:''n* on *-'run+a'n*a r:-* *o )(''-.

Same; Same; )his caricature3 thou'h not a'reea%le to some3 is still protected speech .— T-'*ar(aun n ? o R')ou*on L15 ar'

r':ua*on) o 'eneral applica%ility o6'rn: a(a:n )(''- o all — an++a*') nonan++a*')(o*a (ar*') an+ non(o*a (ar*'). T-) onu)on ) o(''+ ,y *-' a,)'n' o any (ro6)onn RA L00 an+ n+''+ n any r'a*'+ )*a*u*') *n: *-'r a((a*on ony *o *-' a(a:n )(''-o an++a*') an+ (o*a (ar*'). On *-' on*rary *-' ('na au)' o RA L00 ) ou-'+ n ,roa+

an:ua:' 'no(a))n: ;*-n *) a,* anyone ;-o ,r'a-') *) (ro6)on)@“I6oa*on o *-I' A*an+ *-' ru') an+ r':ua*on) o *-' COME&EC ))u'+ *o (''n* I* )-a ,' an ''*on o'n)'

(un)-a,' un+'r *-' Br)* an+ )'on+ (ara:ra(-) o S'*on 23 o *-' On,u) E'*on Co+'.”#n+''+ RA L00 r':ua*') a -o)* o o*-'r a(a:n r'a*'+ a*) )u- a) *-' arn: an+ (rn*n: o (a+ (o*a a+) >S'*on =.3 n r'a*on *o S'*on 3? an+ *-' on+u* o ''*on )ur6'y) >S'*on 5?;-- n6o6' no* ony (o*a (ar*') an+ an++a*') ,u* a)o o*-'r n+6+ua) or 'n**') ;-o a

;*-n *-' a,* o *-')' (ro6)on). RA L00 ) a :'n'ray a((a,' a; a) u- a) *-' On,u)E'*on Co+' ) n *-' B'+ o ''*on (ro(a:an+a r':ua*on.

Same; Election Spendin'; ords and /hrases; Fiew that “election spendin'”refers not only to

expenses of political parties and candidates %ut also to expenses of their supporters.—“E'*on

)('n+n:”r''r) no* ony *o '4('n)') o (o*a (ar*') an+ an++a*') ,u* a)o *o '4('n)') o *-'r)u((or*'r). >O*-'r;)' a *-' *a*on) on ''*on )('n+n: an+ on ;-a* on)**u*') a;u ''*on(ro(a:an+a ;ou+ ,' 'ann:'))?. $r''n: nonan++a*') an+ nonH(ar*') ro *-' o6'ra:' o RAL00 ao;) *-' *o >1? (rn* a(a:n a+ ,ann'r) an+ (o)*'r) o any si2e an+ n any 2?(a' T an+ ra+o a+) n na*ona an+ oa )*a*on) for any len'th of time an+ >=? (a' full(pa'e(rn* a+) n ,roa+)-''*) *a,o+) an+ r'a*'+ '+a. O,6ou)y


9/92

16



(rn*n: (o)*'r) o any )' (an: uH(a:' (rn* a+) an+ runnn: '4*'n+'+ ,roa+a)* a+) a 'n*a

:ar:an*uan o)*). /'* un+'r *-' ponencia’) -o+n: )o on: a) *-')' ar' +on' ,y nonan++a*') an+

non(o*a (ar*') *-' )*a*' ) (o;'r')) *o r':ua*' *-'.Constitutional Law; 8reedom of Expression; 8ree Speech Clause; )o satisfy the strictures of the

8ree Speech Clause3 Con'ress needs to craft le'islation on the si2in' of campai'n posters and other paraphernalia with sucient :exi%ility to address concerns inherent in the present 0xed(dimension

model.— T-' (ra*a ''* o *-' B4'+H)' ru' un+'r S'*on =.= o RA L00 >an+ *) (''n*n:ru'? ) *o ur*-'r narro; *-' -o') o (o)*'r oa*on) or anyon' ;)-n: *o +)(ay *-' n any o *-' 6'nu') ao;'+ ,y a;. o*'r) ;-o ;)- *o a' no;n *o *-' (u, *-'r -o' o an++a*') >oror *-a* a**'r an++a*') ;-o ;)- *o a+6'r*)' *-'r an++a')? *-rou:- *-' +)(ay o (o)*'r) ar'(r'u+'+ ro +on: )o ro 'r*an ar'a) no* ,'au)' *-')' ar'a) ar' oH*) ,u* ,'au)' or

r'a)on) o :'o:ra(-y vis(à(vis *-' )' o *-' (o)*'r *-'r on*'n*) )(y ,'o' ':,'. Su-

r')*r*on on a(a:n )(''- a(('ar) *o ' *o ,' “:r'a*'r *-an ) '))'n*a”*o a+6an' *-'(or*an* :o6'rn'n* n*'r')*) o nn: ''*on )('n+n: an+ 'n)urn: or+'ry ''*on). To)a*)y *-' )*r*ur') o *-' $r'' S(''- Cau)' Con:r')) n''+) *o ra* ':)a*on on *-' )n: o a(a:n (o)*'r) an+ o*-'r (ara(-'rnaa ;*- )u'n* K'4,*y *o a++r')) on'rn) n-'r'n* n *-'(r')'n* B4'+H+'n)on o+'.

%ron -. *issentin' !pinion@

-udicial Review; Fiew that the petition prematurely availed of the Supreme Court ’s SC’s# power of &udicial review %y openly disre'ardin' esta%lished Commission on Elections C!"ELEC# processes

%y %ypassin' the comelec En +anc.—#n y 6'; *-' ('**on (r'a*ur'y a6a'+ o *-' Cour*’) (o;'ro 9u+a r'6'; %/ OPEN&/ D#SREGARD#NG ESTA%S"ED COME&EC PROCESSES %/ %/PASS#NG T"ECOME&EC E, +A,C. T-) ) a ':a or*a )n *-a* ; )o; -a6o n u*ur' a)') ,'or' *-) Cour*. T-'('**on on)'


10/92

',o+'+ n *-' a*ua a)' or on*ro6'r)y r'? Ar*' #HC o *-' Con)**u*on *-' Co'' ) '4(r'))y :6'n *-' (o;'r *o “(ro)'u*'


11/92

a)') o 6oa*on) o ''*on a;) nu+n: a*) or o))on) on)**u*n: ''*on rau+) o'n)')

an+ a(ra*').” T-' on)**u*ona :ran* *o *-' Co'' o *-' (o;'r *o n6')*:a*' an+ *o(ro)'u*' ''*on o'n)') a) an a+9un* *o *-' 'nor''n* an+ a+n)*ra*on o a ''*on a;) )n*'n+'+ *o 'na,' *-' Co'' *o ''*6'y 'n)ur' *o *-' ('o(' *-' r'' or+'ry an+ -on')*on+u* o ''*on).

-udicial Review; -urisdiction; Expanded -urisdiction; Fiew that the Supreme Court SC# reviews

Commission on Elections’Comelec’s# administrative acts only %y way of exception3 when it acts

capriciously or whimsically3 with 'rave a%use of discretion amountin' to lac9 or excess of &urisdiction.

,ecessarily3 this invo9es the Court ’s expanded &urisdiction under the second para'raph of Article F7773

Section .—)he Court reviews Comelec’s adminis(

20



trative acts only %y way of exception3 when it acts capriciously or whimsically3 with 'rave a%use of

discretion aoun*n: *o a or '4')) o 9ur)+*on. N''))ary *-) n6o') *-' Cour*’) '4(an+'+ 9ur)+*on un+'r *-' )'on+ (ara:ra(- o Ar*' ### S'*on 1. T-a* *-'r' ) an a':'+ :ra6' a,u)'o +)r'*on on *-' (ar* o Co'' -o;'6'r +o') no* au*oa*ay 'an *-a* *-' ('**on )-ou+ ,'

:6'n +u' our)'. #* -a) *o ''* *-' r'


12/92

Election Law; Fiew that the content of the tarpaulin3 as well as the timin' of its postin'3 ma9es it su%&ect of the re'ulations in Repu%lic Act RA# ,o. ?@@6 and Commission on Elections Comelec#

Resolution ,o. ?6$.— T-' on*'n* o *-' *ar(aun a) ;' a) *-' *n: o *) (o)*n: a') *)u,9'* o *-' r':ua*on) n RA L00 an+ Co'' R')ou*on No. L15. Co'' R')ou*on No. L15on*an) ru') an+ r':ua*on) (''n*n: RA L00 +urn: *-' 201= na*ona ''*on). S'*on = o RA L00 an+ S'*on o Co'' R')ou*on No. L15 )'' *o r':ua*' ''*on (ro(a:an+a +'Bn'+

n *-' a**'r a)@ T-' *'r “(o*a a+6'r*)''n*”or “''*on (ro(a:an+a”r''r) *o any matter

%roadcasted3 pu%lished3 printed3 displayed or exhi%ited3 in any medium ;-- contain the namea:' o:o ,ran+ n):na oor o* n*a) an+ o*-'r )y,o or :ra(- r'(r')'n*a*on *-a* )capa%le of %ein' associated with a candidate or party3 and is intended to draw the attention of the pu%lic or a se'ment thereof to promote or oppose3 directly or indirectly3 the election of the saidcandidate or candidates to a pu%lic oce. #n ,roa+a)* '+a (o*a a+6'r*)''n*) ay *a' *-'or o )(o*) a(('aran') on T )-o;) an+ ra+o (ro:ra) 6' or *a('+ announ''n*) *'a)'r)an+ o*-'r or) o a+6'r*)n: '))a:') or announ''n*) u)'+ ,y o'ra a+6'r*)'r). Po*aa+6'r*)n: nu+') a**'r) no* an: ;*-n *-' )o(' o ('r)ona o(non *-a* a(('ar on any#n*'rn'* ;',)*' nu+n: ,u* no* *'+ *o )oa n'*;or)

22



,o::n: )*') an+ roH,o::n: )*') n r'*urn or on)+'ra*on or o*-'r;)' a(a,' o ('unary')*a*on.Same; Election /ropa'anda; Fiew that had Con'ress intended to limit its de0nition of election

propa'anda to materials posted for or in %ehalf of candidates3 it could have so speci0ed.—"a+Con:r')) n*'n+'+ *o * *) +'Bn*on o ''*on (ro(a:an+a *o a*'ra) (o)*'+ or or n ,'-a o an++a*') * ou+ -a6' )o )('B'+. No*a,y S'*on L on *-' Po)*n: o Ca(a:n Ma*'ra)n+a*') ;-o *-' Co'' ay au*-or' *o 'r'* oon (o)*'r ar'a) or a(a:n a*'ra) n

(u, (a'). #* +o') no* a) *-' ponencia a') * a(('ar * *-' +'Bn*on o ''*on (ro(a:an+a

*o *-o)' (o)*'+ ,y an++a*') an+ (ar*'). T-' **' o S'*on L u)') *-' ;or+ “a(a:n a*'ra)”an+ no* ''*on (ro(a:an+a *-u) * r''r) *o a (ar*uar *y(' o ''*on (ro(a:an+a. E'*on(ro(a:an+a ,'o') a a(a:n a*'ra on' * ) u)'+ ,y an++a*') an+ (o*a (ar*').

N'6'r*-'')) *-' a**'r ) +'r'n* ro *-' or' :'n'r *'r ‘''*on (ro(a:an+a’n *-' o*-'r (ar*)o RA L00.

Same; Same; Fiew that that the su%&ect poster was posted on private property does not divest

the Commission on Elections Comelec# of authority to re'ulate it .— T-a* *-' )u,9'* (o)*'r ;a) (o)*'+

on (r6a*' (ro('r*y +o') no* +6')* *-' Co'' o au*-or*y *o r':ua*' *. T-' a; )('Bayr'o:n') *-' (o)*n: o ''*on (ro(a:an+a on (r6a*' (ro('r*y (ro6+'+ *) o;n'r on)'n*) *o *. #n*-' (r')'n* a)' *-' (ro('r*y o;n'r ) *-' Do')' o %aoo+ *)' an+ *-' (o)*n: o *-' )u,9'*(o)*'r ;a) a+' u(on *) o;n +r'*6'.

Same; Same; Content(,eutral Re'ulations; Fiew that the assailed re'ulations in the present case involve a content(neutral re'ulation that controls the incidents of speech. +oth the notice andletter sent %y the Commission on Elections Comelec# to the *iocese of +acolod sou'ht to enforceSection D.D of Repu%lic Act RA# ,o. ?@@6 and Section 6c# of Comelec Resolution ,o. ?6$ whichlimits the si2e of posters that contain election propa'anda to not more than two # %y three D# feet. 7t does not prohi%it anyone from postin' materials that contain election propa'anda3 so lon' as it meets

the si2e limitations.—Con*'n*H,a)'+ r':ua*on) ar' 6';'+ ;*- a -'a6y (r')u(*on o unon)**u*ona*y. T-u) *-' :o6'rn'n* -a) *-' ,ur+'n o )-o;n: *-a* *-' r':ua*on ) narro;y*aor'+ *o ''* a

23

O&. 737 JANUAR/ 21 20152=


o('n: )*a*' n*'r')* o*-'r;)' *-' Cour* ; )*r' * +o;n a) unconstitutional . #n on*ra)*on*'n*Hn'u*ra r':ua*on) ar' not presumed unconstitutional. T-'y (a)) on)**u*ona u)*'r on'*-'y ''* *-' oo;n: r'


13/92

r')*r*on on )(''- ) no :r'a*'r *-an ) '))'n*a *o ur*-'r *-a* n*'r')*. )he assailed re'ulations inthe present case involve a content(neutral re'ulation that controls the incidents of speech . %o*- *-'no*' an+ '**'r )'n* ,y *-' Co'' *o *-' Do')' o %aoo+ )ou:-* *o 'nor' S'*on =.= o RAL00 an+ S'*on >? o Co'' R')ou*on No. L15 ;-- *) *-' )' o (o)*'r) *-a* on*an''*on (ro(a:an+a *o no* or' *-an *;o ,y *-r'' ''*. #* +o') no* (ro-,* anyon' ro (o)*n:a*'ra) *-a* on*an ''*on (ro(a:an+a )o on: a) * ''*) *-' )' *a*on).

Constitutional Law; 8reedom of Expression; Fiew that /hilippine &urisprudence has lon' settled

that the time3 place3 and manner of speech may %e su%&ect to the'overnmental interest is unrelated to the suppression of free expression; and =c#> the incident restriction on alle'ed =freedom of speech and expression> is no 'reater than is essential to the

furtherance of that interest .—A) o(r'-'n)6'y '4(an'+ n *-' )'na a)' o Chave2 v. 2008?“I;-'n *-' )(''-

25

O&. 737 JANUAR/ 21 201525


14/92


r')*ran*) *a' *-' or o a on*'n*Hn'u*ra r':ua*on ony a )u,)*an*a :o6'rn'n*a n*'r')* )r'%? *-' :o6'rn'n*a n*'r')* ) unr'a*'+*o *-' )u((r'))on o r'' '4(r'))on an+ I>c? *-' n+'n* r')*r*on on a':'+ Ir''+o o )(''-

an+ '4(r'))on ) no :r'a*'r *-an ) '))'n*a *o *-' ur*-'ran' o *-a* n*'r')*.”Same; Same; Same; Fiew that a 'overnmental action that restricts freedom of speech or of the

press %ased on content is 'iven the strictest scrutiny in li'ht of its inherent and invasive impact .—A:o6'rn'n*a a*on *-a* r')*r*) r''+o o )(''- or o *-' (r')) ,a)'+ on on*'n* ) :6'n *-')*r*')* )ru*ny n :-* o *) n-'r'n* an+ n6a)6' (a*. Ony ;-'n *-' -a'n:'+ a* -a)o6'ro' *-' 'ar an+ (r')'n* +an:'r ru' ; * (a)) on)**u*ona u)*'r ;*- *-' :o6'rn'n*-a6n: *-' ,ur+'n o o6'ron: *-' (r')u'+ unon)**u*ona*y.

Same; Same; Fiew that while the Commission on Elections’C!"ELEC’s# re'ulatory powersou'ht to %e reco'ni2ed3 personal advocacies pertainin' to relevant social issues %y a private entity within its own private property ou'ht to fall %eyond that %road authority3 lest we sti:e the value of a

core li%erty .—Con)+'rn: *-' *o*a*y o *-' a*or) -'r'n +'*a'+ an+ '


15/92

2 7d. a* (. 1L.

27

O&. 737 JANUAR/ 21 201527


T-' a*) ar' no* +)(u*'+.

On $',ruary 21 201= ('**on'r) (o)*'+ *;o >2? *ar(aun) ;*-n a (r6a*' o(oun+ -ou)n: *-'San S',a)*an Ca*-'+ra o %aoo+. Ea- *ar(aun ;a) a((ro4a*'y )4 ''* >’? ,y *'n ''* >10’? n)'. T-'y ;'r' (o)*'+ on *-' ron* ;a) o *-' a*-'+ra ;*-n (u, 6';. T-' Br)* *ar(aun

on*an) *-' '))a:' “#%ASURA R" &a;”r''rrn: *o *-' R'(ro+u*6' "'a*- &a; o 2012 or R'(u,A* No. 10=53. T-' )'on+ *ar(aun ) *-' )u,9'* o *-' (r')'n* a)'. 3

T-) *ar(aun on*an) *-' -'a+n: “Con)'n' o*'”an+ )*) an++a*') a) '*-'r “>An*HR"? T'a

%u-ay”;*- a -' ar or “>ProHR"? T'a Pa*ay”;*- an “”ar.5 T-' ''*ora an++a*') ;'r'a))B'+ aor+n: *o *-'r 6o*' on *-' a+o(*on o R'(u, A* No. 10=53 o*-'r;)' no;n a) *-'

R" &a;. T-o)' ;-o 6o*'+ or *-' (a))n: o *-' a; ;'r' a))B'+ ,y ('**on'r) a) o(r)n: “ T'a

Pa*ay”;-' *-o)' ;-o 6o*'+ a:an)* * or “ T'a %u-ay”@7

_______________

= 7d. a* (. 2=.

3 7d. a* (. .

5 7d. a* (. 155.


16/92

7d. a* ((. H7.

7 7d.

28



Durn: ora ar:u'n*) r')(on+'n*) on'+'+ *-a* *-' *ar(aun ;a) n'*-'r )(on)or'+ nor (a+ or ,yany an++a*'. P'**on'r) a)o on'+'+ *-a* *-' *ar(aun on*an) na') o an++a*') or *-' 201=''*on) ,u* no* o (o*an) ;-o -'('+ n *-' (a))a:' o *-' R" &a; ,u* ;'r' no* an++a*') or*-a* ''*on.On $',ruary 22 201= r')(on+'n* A**y. Ma6 . Ma9aruon n -'r a(a*y a) E'*on O'r o %aoo+ C*y ))u'+ a No*' *o R'o6' Ca(a:n Ma*'ra) 8 a++r'))'+ *o ('**on'r Mo)* R'6. %)-o(

'n*' M. Na6arra. T-' ''*on o'r or+'r'+ *-' *ar(aun’) r'o6a ;*-n *-r'' >=? +ay) ror''(* or ,'n: o6'r)'+. COME&EC R')ou*on No. L15 (ro6+') or *-' )' r'2’? ,y *-r'' ''* >=’?.L

On $',ruary 25 201= ('**on'r) r'('+10 r'1? ('**on'r %)-o( ,':6'n a +'Bn*' run: ,y COME&EC &a; D'(ar*'n* r':ar+n: *-' *ar(aun an+ >2? ('n+n: *-)o(non an+ *-' a6a'n* o ':a r''+') *-' *ar(aun ,' ao;'+ *o r'an.11

On $',ruary 27 201= COME&EC &a; D'(ar*'n* ))u'+ a '**'r12 or+'rn: *-' '+a*' r'o6a o *-' *ar(aun o*-'r;)' * ; ,' on)*ran'+ *o B' an ''*on o'n)' a:an)* ('**on'r). T-' '**'r

o COME&EC &a; D'(ar*'n* ;a) )'n* on *-' r''+') a6aa,' *o ('**on'r). T-' '**'r (ro6+')a) oo;)@

_______________

8 7d. a* (. 1L.

L See COME&EC R')ou*on No. L15 >201=? S'. >?.

10 Rollo ((. 20H22.

11 7d. a* (. 21.

12 7d. a* (. 2=.

29

O&. 737 JANUAR/ 21 20152L


D'ar %)-o( Na6arra@#* -a) r'a-'+ *-) O' *-a* our E'*on O'r or *-) C*y A**y. Ma6 Ma9aruon -a+ ar'a+y :6'nyou no*' on $',ruary 22 201= a) r':ar+) *-' ''*on (ro(a:an+a a*'ra (o)*'+ on *-' -ur-6n*y (roo*n: or or a:an)* *-' an++a*') an+ (ar*y )* :rou() ;*- *-' oo;n: na') an+'))a:') (ar*uary +')r,'+ a) oo;)@


17/92

T-' *-r'' >=?H+ay no*' '4(r'+ on $',ruary 25 201=.Con)+'rn: *-a* *-' a,o6' 'n*on'+ a*'ra ) oun+ *o ,' n 6oa*on o Co'' R')ou*on No.L15 (rou:a*'+ on January 15 201= (ar*uary on *-' )' >'6'n ;*- *-' )u,)'1? *-' ('**on ,' :6'n +u' our)' >2?a *'(orary r')*rann: or+'r >TRO? an+or a ;r* o (r'nary n9un*on ,' ))u'+ r')*rann:r')(on+'n*) ro ur*-'r (ro''+n: n 'norn: *-'r or+'r) or *-' r'o6a o *-' T'a Pa*ay*ar(aun an+ >=? a*'r no*' an+ -'arn: a +')on ,' r'n+'r'+ +'arn: *-'


18/92

A*'r +u' +','ra*on *-) our* on Mar- 5 201= ))u'+ a *'(orary r')*rann: or+'r 'n9onn:r')(on+'n*) ro 'norn: *-' a))a'+ no*' an+ '**'r an+ )'* ora ar:u'n*) on Mar- 1L 201=. 1

On Mar- 1= 201= r')(on+'n*) B'+ *-'r o'n*17 ar:un: *-a* >1? a ('**on or certiorari an+(ro-,*on un+'r Ru' 5 o *-' Ru') o Cour* B'+ ,'or' *-) our* ) no* *-' (ro('r r''+y *o


19/92

/R!CE*GRAL 7SSGES

#.A

T-) our*’) 9ur)+*on o6'r COME&EC a)')

33

O&. 737 JANUAR/ 21 2015==


R')(on+'n*) a) *-a* *-) ('**on ,' +)))'+ on *-' :roun+ *-a* *-' no*' an+ '**'r ar' no* Bnaor+'r) +')on) run:) or 9u+:'n*) o *-' COME&EC En +anc ))u'+ n *-' '4'r)' o *)a+9u+a*ory (o;'r) r'6';a,' via Ru' 3 o *-' Ru') o Cour*.21

Ru' 3 ) no* *-' '4u)6' r''+y or a a*) o *-' COME&EC. Ru' 5 ) a((a,' ')('ay *ora)' o,9'*on) r'a*n: *o a :ra6' a,u)' o +)r'*on r')u*n: n *-' ou)*'r o 9ur)+*on. 22 A) a)('a 6 a*on *-'r' u)* a)o ,' a )-o;n: *-a* *-'r' ,' no (an )(''+y an+ a+'2008? IP'r -. AunaEn +anc.


20/92

=0 G.R. No. 1L=83 A(r 12 2011 38 SCRA 51 IP'r -. Na-uraEn +anc.

=1 Rollo (. 3.

=2 Am%il3 -r. v. Commission on Elections supra no*' 2 a* (. 271 (. =7.

== 7d. a* ((. 271H272 (. =7.

=3 S'. 7. . . . Un')) o*-'r;)' (ro6+'+ ,y *-) Con)**u*on or ,y a; any +')on or+'r orrun: o 'a- Co))on ay ,' ,rou:-* *o *-' Su(r'' Cour* on certiorari ,y *-' a::r'6'+ (ar*y

;*-n *-r*y +ay) ro r''(* o a o(y *-'r'o.=5 Am%il3 -r. v. Commission on Elections supra a* (. 273 ((. =5H=.

35

O&. 737 JANUAR/ 21 2015=5


"o;'6'r n *-' n'4* a)' *'+ ,y r')(on+'n*) Repol v. C!"ELEC *-) our* (ro6+'+ '4'(*on) *o*-) :'n'ra ru'. Repol ;a) ano*-'r ''*on (ro*')* a)' n6o6n: *-' ayora*y ''*on) nPa:)an:-an Saar.= T-) *' *-' a)' ;a) ,rou:-* *o *-) our* ,'au)' *-' COME&EC $r)*D6)on ))u'+ a status 1uo ante or+'r a:an)* *-' R':ona Tra Cour* '4'u*n: *) +')on ('n+n:

a(('a.=7 T-) our*’) ponencia +)u))'+ *-' :'n'ra ru' 'nuna*'+ n Am%il3 -r. *-a* * anno* *a' 9ur)+*on *o r'6'; n*'rou*ory or+'r) o a COME&EC D6)on.=8 "o;'6'r on))*'n* ;*- A+S(C+,+roadcastin' Corporation v. C!"ELEC=L * arB'+ *-' '4'(*on@

T-) Cour* -o;'6'r -a) ru'+ n *-' (a)* *-a* *-) (ro'+ura r'2000? IP'r -. Pan:an,anEn +anc.

30 Repol v. Commission on Elections supra a* (. ==0 *n: A+S(C+, v. Commission on Elections3id. a* ((. 78LH7L0 (. 820.

36

=SUPREME COURT REPORTS ANNOTATED


3? T-' +')on or r')ou*on )ou:-* *o ,' )'* a)+' ) a nu*y or5? T-' n''+ or r'' ) '4*r''y ur:'n* an+ certiorari ) *-' ony a+'


21/92

n 6o*' ,uyn: n *-' 1LL5 ''*on).3 No o*on or r'on)+'ra*on ;a) B'+ ,'or' *-' COME&EC En+anc. T-) our* -o;'6'r *oo o:nan' o *-) a)' a((yn: on' o *-'

_______________

31 Soriano3 -r. v. Commission on Elections supra no*' 28 a* (. 8L.

32 7d. a* (. 3= (. L1.

3= 7d.

33 7d. a* (. 5 (. 105.35 +lanco v. Commission on Elections supra no*' 2L a* (. 27 (. 758.

3 7d.

37

O&. 737 JANUAR/ 21 2015=7


'4'(*on) n A+S(C+,@ T-' a))a'+ r')ou*on ;a) a nu*y.37

$nay r')(on+'n*) *'+ Cayetano v. C!"ELEC a r''n* ''*on (ro*')* a)' n6o6n: *-' ayora*yan++a*') o Ta:u: C*y.38 P'**on'r a))a'+ a r')ou*on o *-' COME&EC +'nyn: -'r o*on orr'on)+'ra*on *o +))) *-' ''*on (ro*')* ('**on or a o or an+ )u,)*an'. 3L T-) our*arB'+ *-' :'n'ra ru' an+ r'u)'+ *o *a' o:nan' o *-' r'6'; o *-' COME&EC or+'r. F-'r'o:nn: *-' '4'(*on) n A+S(C+, *-) our* ru'+ *-a* *-')' '4'(*on) ++ no* a((y. 50

Am%il3 -r. Repol3 Soriano -r.3 +lanco an+ Cayetano *'+ ,y r')(on+'n*) +o no* o('ra*' a) (r''+'n*)*o ou)* *-) our* ro *an: 9ur)+*on o6'r *-) a)'. A *-')' a)') *'+ n6o6' ''*on (ro*')*)or +)


22/92

a*on. #* ) on'rn'+ ;*- *-' )o6'r':n r:-* *o -an:' *-' on*our) o (o;'r ;-'*-'r *-rou:- *-'''*on o r'(r')'n*a*6') n a r'(u,an :o6'rn'n* or *-'

_______________

51 Rollo (. 1L.

52 7d. a* (. 2=.

5= 7d. a* ((. =H3.

53 7d. a* ((. 8HL.55 Reyes v. *ia2 7= P-. 383 38 >1L31? IP'r -. MoranEn +anc.

39

O&. 737 JANUAR/ 21 2015=L


r'6)on o *-' ,a) *'4* o *-' Con)**u*on. T-' 'a ;*- ;-- ;' (ro*'* *-) n+ o )(''- +o')no* +'('n+ on our '6aua*on o *-' o:'ny o *-' '))a:'. N'*-'r +o ;' a))')) ;-'*-'r ;' )-ou+(ro*'* )(''- ,a)'+ on *-' o*6') o COME&EC. F' '6aua*' r')*r*on) on r''+o o '4(r'))onro *-'r ''*). F' (ro*'* ,o*- )(''- an+ '+u ,'au)' *-' =? o *-' Con)**u*on. T-' u)' o *-' ;or+

“a'*n:”n *-) (ro6)on anno* ,' n*'r(r'*'+ *o 'an *-a* COME&EC -a) *-' '4u)6' (o;'r *o

+'+' any an+ a


23/92

T-' or' r''6an* (ro6)on or 9ur)+*on n *-) a)' ) Ar*' ### S'*on 5>1? o *-' Con)**u*on.

T-) (ro6)on (ro6+') or *-) our*’) or:na 9ur)+*on o6'r ('**on) or certiorari an+ (ro-,*on. T-) )-ou+ ,' r'a+ aon:)+' *-' '4(an+'+ 9ur)+*on o *-' our* n Ar*' ### S'*on 1 o *-'Con)**u*on.C'r*any a ,r'a- o *-' un+a'n*a r:-* o '4(r'))on ,y COME&EC ) :ra6' a,u)' o +)r'*on.

T-u) *-' on)**u*ona*y o *-' no*' an+ '**'r on: ro COME&EC ) ;*-n *-) our*’) (o;'r *or'6';.

41

O&. 737 JANUAR/ 21 201531


Durn: ''*on) ;' -a6' *-' (o;'r an+ *-' +u*y *o orr'* any :ra6' a,u)' o +)r'*on or any a**an*'+ ;*- unon)**u*ona*y on *-' (ar* o any :o6'rn'n* ,ran- or n)*ru'n*a*y. T-) nu+')

a*on) ,y *-' COME&EC. $ur*-'ror' * ) *-) our*’) on)**u*ona an+a*' *o (ro*'* *-' ('o('

a:an)* :o6'rn'n*’) nrn:''n* o *-'r un+a'n*a r:-*). T-) on)**u*ona an+a*' ou*;':-)*-' 9ur)+*on 6')*'+ ;*- *-' COME&EC.#* ; *-u) ,' an')* n9u)*' *-' our* +o') no* *a' 9ur)+*on o6'r *-) a)'.

#.C

"'rar-y o Cour*)

T-) ,rn:) u) *o *-' ))u' o ;-'*-'r ('**on'r) 6oa*'+ *-' +o*rn' o -'rar-y o our*) n

+r'*y Bn: *-'r ('**on ,'or' *-) our*.

R')(on+'n*) on*'n+ *-a* ('**on'r)’aur' *o B' *-' (ro('r )u* ;*- a o;'r our* o onurr'n* 9ur)+*on ) )u'n* :roun+ or *-' +)))a o *-'r ('**on.57 T-'y a++ *-a*

o,)'r6a*on o *-' -'rar-y o our*) ) o(u)ory *n: eirs of +ertuldo ino' v. "elicor.58 F-'r')(on+'n*) a *-a* ;-' *-'r' ar' '4'(*on) *o *-' :'n'ra ru' on -'rar-y o our*) non' o

*-')' ar' (r')'n* n *-) a)'.5L

On *-' o*-'r -an+ ('**on'r) *' 8ortich v. Corona0 on *-) our*’) +)r'*onary (o;'r *o *a'

o:nan' o a ('**on B'+ +r'*y *o * ;arran*'+ ,y “o('n: r'a)on) or I,y *-' na*ur' an+

(or*an' o *-' ))u') ra)'+. . . .”1

_______________

57 Rollo (. .

58 3L5 P-. 322 3=2 355 SCRA 30 370 >2005? IP'r -. Au)*raHMar*n' S'on+ D6)on.

5L Rollo (. 7.

0 =52 P-. 31 2L8 SCRA 7L >1LL8? IP'r -. Mar*n' S'on+ D6)on.

1 7d. a* (. 380 ((. L0HL1 Rollo (. LL.

42



P'**on'r) )u,* *-a* *-'r' ar' “'4'(*ona an+ o('n: r'a)on) *o 9u)*y a +r'* r')or* I;*-

*-) Cour*.”2

#n +añe23 -r. v. Concepcion= ;' '4(an'+ *-' n''))*y o *-' a((a*on o *-' -'rar-y o our*)@ T-' Cour* u)* 'n9on *-' o,)'r6an' o *-' (oy on *-' -'rar-y o our*) an+ no; ar) *-a* *-'(oy ) no* *o ,' :nor'+ ;*-ou* )'rou) on)'


24/92

T-' Su(r'' Cour* ) a our* o a)* r')or* an+ u)* )o r'an * ) *o )a*)a*ory ('ror *-'un*on) a)):n'+ *o * ,y *-' un+a'n*a -ar*'r an+ 'ora *ra+*on. #* anno* an+ )-ou+ no*,' ,ur+'n'+ ;*- *-' *a) o +'an: ;*- au)') n *-' Br)* n)*an'. #*) or:na 9ur)+*on *o ))u'*-' )oHa'+ '4*raor+nary ;r*) )-ou+ ,' '4'r)'+ ony ;-'r' a,)ou*'y n''))ary or ;-'r' )'rou)an+ (or*an* r'a)on) '4)* *-'r'or'. "'n' *-a* 9ur)+*on )-ou+ :'n'ray ,' '4'r)'+ r'a*6' *oa*on) or (ro''+n:) ,'or' *-'

_______________

2 Rollo (. 100.= G.R. No. 15L508 Au:u)* 2L 2012 7L SCRA 2=7 IP'r -. %'r)an $r)* D6)on.

3 7d. a* (. 250.

5 230 P-. 71L 15 SCRA 75= >1L87? IP'r -. Nar6a)a $r)* D6)on.

43

O&. 737 JANUAR/ 21 20153=


Cour* o A(('a) or ,'or' on)**u*ona or o*-'r *r,una) ,o+') or a:'n') ;-o)' a*) or )o'r'a)on or ano*-'r ar' no* on*roa,' ,y *-' Cour* o A(('a). F-'r' *-' ))uan' o an '4*raor+nary;r* ) a)o ;*-n *-' o('*'n' o *-' Cour* o A(('a) or a R':ona Tra Cour* * ) n '*-'r o

*-')' our*) *-a* *-' )('B a*on or *-' ;r*’) (rour''n* u)* ,' (r')'n*'+. T-) ) an+ )-ou+on*nu' *o ,' *-' (oy n *-) r':ar+ a (oy *-a* our*) an+ a;y'r) u)* )*r*y o,)'r6'.

>E(-a)) o**'+?

T-' +o*rn' *-a* r'1L87? IP'r -. CruEn +anc. S'' -.". )uason I Co.3 7nc. v. Court of Appeals 11= P-. 7= 81 = SCRA L 70= >1L1?IP'r -. J.%.&. R'y')En +anc Espiritu v. 8u'oso 81 P-. =7 =L >1L38? IP'r -. P'r'*oEn +anc.

44



)on) ou+ )* ,' a(('a'+ ,'or' *-' -:-'r our*) )u- a) *-' Cour* o A(('a). T-' Cour* o A(('a) ) (rary +'):n'+ a) an a(('a*' our* *-a* r'6';) *-' +'*'rna*on o

a*) an+ a; a+' ,y *-' *ra our*). #* ) o':a*' n na*ur'. T-) na*ur' 'n)ur') or' )*an+(on*)n *-' r'6'; o *-' a*on) o *-' *ra our*. %u* *-' Cour* o A(('a) a)o -a) or:na 9ur)+*on o6'ro)* )('a 6 a*on). Un' *-' *ra our*) *) ;r*) an -a6' a na*on;+' )o('. #* ) o('*'n**o +'*'rn' a*) an+ +'ay )-ou+ a* on on)**u*ona ))u') *-a* ay no* n''))ary ,' no6'un')) *-'r' ar' a*ua


25/92

#n o*-'r ;or+) *-' Su(r'' Cour*’) ro' *o n*'r(r'* *-' Con)**u*on an+ a* n or+'r *o (ro*'*on)**u*ona r:-*) ;-'n *-')' ,'o' '4:'n* )-ou+ no* ,' 'a)ua*'+ ,y *-' +o*rn' n r')('*o *-' -'rar-y o our*). T-a* -a) n'6'r ,''n *-' (ur(o)' o )u- +o*rn'.

T-u) *-' +o*rn' o -'rar-y o our*) ) no* an ronHa+ ru'.8 T-) our* -a)“u +)r'*onary(o;'r *o *a' o:nan' an+ a))u' 9ur)+*on Io6'r )('a 6 a*on) or certiorari . . . B'++r'*y ;*- * or '4'(*onay o('n: r'a)on)L or ;arran*'+ ,y *-' na*ur' o *-' ))u') 'ary

_______________

8 Ro1ue3 -r . v. C!"ELEC 15 P-. 13L 201 5LL SCRA L 112 >200L? IP'r -. 'a)o Jr. En+anc.

L 7d. *n: Chave2 v. ,ational ousin' Authority 557 P-. 2L 72 5=0 SCRA 2=5 28 >2007?IP'r -. 'a)o Jr.En +anc.

45

O&. 737 JANUAR/ 21 201535


an+ )('Bay ra)'+ n *-' ('**on.”70 A) orr'*y (on*'+ ou* ,y ('**on'r)71 ;' -a6' (ro6+'+'4'(*on) *o *-) +o*rn'@

8irst a +r'* r')or* *o *-) our* ) ao;'+ ;-'n *-'r' ar' :'nun' ))u') o on)**u*ona*y *-a*u)* ,' a++r'))'+ a* *-' o)* '+a*' *'. A +r'* r')or* *o *-) our* nu+') a6an: o *-'r''+') o certiorari an+ (ro-,*on *o a))a *-' on)**u*ona*y o a*on) o ,o*- ':)a*6' an+'4'u*6' ,ran-') o *-' :o6'rn'n*.72

#n *-) a)' *-' a))a'+ ))uan') o r')(on+'n*) (r'9u+' no* ony ('**on'r)’r:-* *o r''+oo '4(r'))on n *-' (r')'n* a)' ,u* a)o o o*-'r) n u*ur' )ar a)'). T-' a)' ,'or' *-) our*n6o6') an a*6' 'or* on *-' (ar* o *-' ''*ora*' *o r'or *-' (o*a an+)a('. T-) -a),'o' a rar' oa)on ;-'n (r6a*' *'n) a*6'y 'n:a:' *-' (u, n (o*a +)our)'. To


26/92

#n *-' a)' ,'or' *-) our* *-'r' ) a 'ar *-r'a* *o *-' (araoun* r:-* o r''+o o )(''- an+r''+o o '4(r'))on ;-- ;arran*) n6oa*on o r'' ro *-) our*. T-' (rn(') a+ +o;n n*-) +')on ; 'y nKu'n' *-' +)our)' o r''+o o )(''- n *-' u*ur' ')('ay n *-'on*'4* o ''*on). T-' r:-* *o )ura:' no* ony nu+')

_______________

7= T-oa) #. E'r)on To;ar+ a G'n'ra T-'ory o *-' $r)* A'n+'n* $au*y S-oar)-(S'r') Pa('r 27L >1L=? *'+ n 200=? IP'r -. PunoEn +anc.

47

O&. 737 JANUAR/ 21 201537


*-' r:-* *o 6o*' or on'’) -o)'n an++a*' ,u* a)o *-' r:-* *o 6oa' *-a* -o' *o *-' (u, n:'n'ra n *-' -o(' o nKu'nn: *-'r 6o*'). #* ay ,' )a+ *-a* n an ''*on y'ar *-' r:-* *o 6o*'n''))ary nu+') *-' r:-* *o r'' )(''- an+ '4(r'))on. T-' (ro*'*on o *-')' un+a'n*aon)**u*ona r:-*) *-'r'or' ao;) or *-' '+a*' r')or* *o *-) our*.

)hird a)') o Br)* (r'))on75 ;arran* a +r'* r')or* *o *-) our*. #n a)') o Br)* (r'))onno 9ur)(ru+'n' y'* '4)*) *-a* ; :u+' *-' o;'r our*) on *-) a**'r. #n C*a*on o**'+? #n *-) a)' * ) *-) our* ;*- *) on)**u*onay 'n)-rn'+ 9u+a (o;'r *-a* an ru' ;*- Bna*yon ;-'*-'r COME&EC o**'+ :ra6' a,u)' o +)r'*on or ('ror'+ a*) on*rary *o *-'Con)**u*on *-rou:- *-' a))a'+ ))uan').

8ifth *-' *' '''n* (r')'n*'+ n *-) a)' anno* ,' :nor'+. T-) a)' ;a) B'+ +urn: *-'201= ''*on ('ro+. A*-ou:- *-' ''*on) -a6' ar'a+y ,''n onu+'+ u*ur' a)') ay ,' B'+*-a* n''))*a*' ur:'ny n *) r')ou*on. E4:'ny n 'r*an )*ua*on) ;ou+


27/92

Sixth *-' B'+ ('**on r'6';) *-' a* o a on)**u*ona or:an. COME&EC ) a on)**u*ona ,o+y.

#n Al%ano v. Arran2 80 *'+ ,y ('**on'r) *-) our* -'+ *-a*“I* ) 'a)y *o r'a' *-' -ao) *-a*;ou+ 'n)u' *-' Cour* o $r)* #n)*an' o 'a- an+ '6'ry (ro6n' ;'r' I*o arro:a*' *)' *-'(o;'r *o +)r':ar+ )u)('n+ or on*ra+* any or+'r o *-' Co))on on E'*on)@ *-a*

on)**u*ona ,o+y ;ou+ ,' )(''+y r'+u'+ *o (o*'n'.”81

_______________

78 G.R. No. 1123L7 Au:u)* 3 1LL3 2=5 SCRA 1=5 IP'r -. CruEn +anc.

7L 7d. a* (. 130.

80 113 P-. =18 3 SCRA =8 >1L2? IP'r -. J.%.&. R'y')En +anc.

81 7d. a* (. =22 (. =8L.

49

O&. 737 JANUAR/ 21 20153L


#n *-) a)' ('**on'r) )ou:-* *o annu *-' a*on) o COME&EC *-rou:- (ur)un: r''+') ;*- *-'o;'r our*) any run: on *-'r (ar* ;ou+ no* -a6' ,''n ,n+n: or o*-'r *'n) ;-o r')(on+'n*)ay (a' n *-' )a' )*ua*on. %')+') *-) our* aor+) :r'a* r')('* *o *-' Con)**u*on an+ *-'(o;'r) an+ +u*') (o)'+ u(on COME&EC. "'n' a run: ,y *-) our* ;ou+ ,' n *-' ,')* n*'r')*o r')(on+'n*) n or+'r *-a* *-'r a*on) ay ,' :u+'+ aor+n:y n *-' u*ur'.

Seventh ('**on'r) r:-*y a *-a* *-'y -a+ no o*-'r (an )(''+y an+ a+'200L? IP'r -. Na-ura T-r+D6)on *n:


28/92

,' +'Bn'+ ,y a;.”# )'' n'*-'r Ar*' #>C?>3? nor S'*on 2 Ar*' ## o *-' Con)**u*on *o ,' a*-a* a+6'r)ara or rr'ona,y non))*'n* ;*- *-' r:-* o r'' '4(r'))on. #n any '6'n* *-' a**'r,'n: on' o :'n'ra a((a*on u)* y'+ *o *-' )('B +'an+) o *-' Con)**u*on. T-' r''+oo '4(r'))on on'+'+y -o+) * ) *ru' a 6an*a:' (on* n -'rar-y o on)**u*onayH

_______________

83 C!"ELEC v. ui&ano(/adilla 3=8 P-. 72 =8L SCRA =5= >2002? IP'r -. San+o6aHGu*'rr'En+anc.

85 +u9lod n' Jawanin' E77+ v. Kamora 31= P-. 281 =0 SCRA 718 >2001? IP'r -. San+o6aHGu*'rr' En +anc.

8 =51 P-. L2 288 SCRA 337 >1LL8? IP'r -. M'n+oaEn +anc.

51

O&. 737 JANUAR/ 21 201551


'n)-rn'+ r:-*) ,u* ' a un+a'n*a r:-*) * ) no* ;*-ou* *a*on).

T-' a)' ) no* a,ou* a B:-* ,'*;''n *-' “r-”an+ *-' “(oor”or ,'*;''n *-' “(o;'ru”an+ *-'

“;'a”n our )o'*y ,u* * ) *o ' a :'nun' a**'(* on *-' (ar* o Con:r')) an+ *-' Co))on onE'*on) *o 'n)ur' *-a* a an++a*') ar' :6'n an 'E(-a)) o**'+?

#* ) no* or *-) our* *o r'-'ar)' an+ r''na* (o*a +',a*') on ;-a* *-' *'4* o *-' a; )-ou+ ,'.#n (o*a oru) (ar*uary *-' ':)a*ur' *-' r'a*on o *-' *'4* o *-' a; ) ,a)'+ on a :'n'ra+)u))on o a*ua ru)*an') ,roa+y on)*ru'+ n or+'r *o ao; or :'n'ra a((a*on ,y *-'

'4'u*6' ,ran-. T-u) *-' r'a*on o *-' a; ) no* *'+ ,y (ar*uar an+ )('B a*) *-a* a'**-' r:-*) o 'r*an n+6+ua) per se.Cour*) on *-' o*-'r -an+ ru' on a+6'r)ara (o)*on) ,a)'+ on '4)*n: a*) ')*a,)-'+ on a

)('B a)'H*oHa)' ,a)) ;-'r' (ar*') a'*'+ ,y *-' ':a (ro6)on )'' *-' our*)’un+'r)*an+n: o *-' a;.

T-' o(''n*ary na*ur' o *-' (o*a an+ 9u+a ,ran-') o :o6'rn'n* ) '))'n*a n or+'r *o'n)ur' *-a* *-' r:-*) o *-' :'n'ra (u, ar' u(-'+ a* a *'). #n or+'r *o (r')'r6' *-) ,aan',ran-') o :o6'rn'n* u)* aor+ +u' r')('* an+ +''r'n' or *-' +u*') an+ un*on)on)**u*onay +'':a*'+ *o *-' o*-'r. Cour*) anno* ru)- *o n6a+a*' a a; or ru'. Pru+'n'


29/92

+*a*') *-a* ;' ar' ar'u no* *o 6'*o (o*a a*) un')) ;' an ra* +o*rn' narro;y *aor'+ *o*-' ru)*an') o *-' a)'.

T-' a)' ,'or' *-) our* +o') no* a or *-' '4'r)' o (ru+'n' or o+')*y. T-'r' ) no (o*a


30/92

L2 25L P-. L80 180 SCRA 3L >1L8L? IP'r -. CruEn +an.

L= G.R. No. 83L Juy 12 1LL0 187 SCRA =77 IP'r -. GrñoHA1LL8? IP'r -. Pan:an,anEn +anc.

L5 =L2 P-. 18 ==8 SCRA 81 >2000? IP'r -. a(unanEn +anc.

L 30 P-. 1 =5= SCRA 352 >2001? IP'r -. PunoEn +anc.

55

O&. 737 JANUAR/ 21 201555


))u') a) '6'ra:'. %u* *-' '4(an+'+ 9ur)+*on o *-) our* no; an+a*') a +u*y or * *o '4'r)'*) (o;'r o 9u+a r'6'; '4(an+n: on (rn(') *-a* ay a6'r* a*a)*ro(-' or r')o6' )oaonK*.

T-) our*’) un+'r)*an+n: o *-' (o*a 1LL1? IP'r -. Para)En +anc.

L8 7d. a* (. L=3 ((. 853H855.

LL 30 P-. 8=0 315 SCRA 33 >200=? IP'r -. Car(oHMora')En +anc.

56



a) nu+n: “*-' +u*y o *-' our*) o 9u)*' *o )'**' a*ua on*ro6'r)') n6o6n: r:-*) ;-- ar'':ay +'an+a,' an+ 'nor'a,' an+ *o +'*'rn' ;-'*-'r or no* *-'r' -a) ,''n a :ra6' a,u)' o +)r'*on aoun*n: *o a or '4')) o 9ur)+*on on *-' (ar* o any ,ran- or n)*ru'n*a*y o

*-' Go6'rn'n*.”A) ;' o,)'r6'+ ,y r'*r'+ Ju)*' #)a:an Cru *-) '4(an+'+ +'Bn*on o 9u+a(o;'r on)+'ra,y on)*r*'+ *-' )o(' o (o*a an+ (o;'r? ) a6aa,' '6'n a:an)* *-' '4'u*6' an+ ':)a*6'+'(ar*'n*) nu+n: *-' Pr')+'n* an+ *-' Con:r')) n *-' '4'r)' o *-'r discretionary (o;'r).100

>E(-a)) n *-' or:na *a*on) o**'+?

8rancisco a)o (ro6+') *-' a)') ;-- )-o; *-' '6ou*on o *-' (o*a


31/92

o%stacle to &udicial determination of the rival claims. )he &urisdiction to +'* on)**u*ona,oun+ar') -a) ,''n :6'n *o *-) Cour*. #* anno* a,+a*' *-a*

_______________

100 7d. a* (. 110= ((. 201H202 Conurrn: an+ D))'n*n: O(non o -. Puno.

57

O&. 737 JANUAR/ 21 201557


o,:a*on an+a*'+ ,y *-' 1L87 Con)**u*on a*-ou:- )a+ (ro6)on ,y no 'an) +o') a;ay ;*-

*-' a((a,*y o *-' (rn(' n a((ro(ra*' a)').”>E(-a)) an+ *a) )u(('+?An+ n *a2a v. Sin'son )('an: *-rou:- Ju)*' #)a:an Cru *-) Cour* ru'+@#n *-' a)' no; ,'or' u) *-' 9ur)+*ona o,9'*on ,'o') '6'n ')) *'na,' an+ +')6'. )hereason is that3 even if we were to assume that the issue presented %efore us was political in nature3we would still not %e precluded from resolvin' it under the '4(an+'+ &urisdiction conferred upon us

that now covers3 in proper cases3 even the political 1uestion . 4 4 4 >E(-a)) an+ *a) )u(('+?. . . .#n our 9ur)+*on *-' +'*'rna*on o ;-'*-'r an ))u' n6o6') a *ruy (o*a an+ non9u)*a,'C*a*on) o**'+? A) )*a*'+ n 8rancisco a (o*a


32/92

102 Rollo (. =7.

10= Ru') o Cour* Ru' 5 S'. 1.

103 Rollo (. 5.

105 7d.

10 )an v. "acapa'al 150 P-. 778 783 3= SCRA 77 81 >1L72? IP'r -. $'rnan+oEn +anc.

59

O&. 737 JANUAR/ 21 20155L


a*ona,' nrn:''n* o *-) r:-*. T-' ('n+n: *-r'a* o rna *:a*on ) 'nou:- *o ur*a

('**on'r)’)(''-.#n *-' on*'4* o *-) a)' '4-au)*on o *-'r a+n)*ra*6' r''+') a) COME&EC )u::')*'+ n *-'r('a+n:) (roon:) *-' 6oa*on o *-'r r''+o o )(''-.Po*a )(''- 'n9oy) (r''rr'+ (ro*'*on ;*-n our on)**u*ona or+'r. #n Chave2 v. a? ;-'n *-'r' ) a 6oa*on o +u' (ro')) >,? whenthe issue involved is purely a le'al 1uestion >? ;-'n *-' a+n)*ra*6' a*on ) (a*'n*y ':aaoun*n: *o a or '4')) o 9ur)+*on >+? ;-'n *-'r' ) ')*o((' on *-' (ar* o *-' a+n)*ra*6'a:'ny on'rn'+ >'? ;-'n *-'r' ) rr'(ara,' n9ury >? ;-'n *-' r')(on+'n* ) a +'(ar*'n*)'r'*ary ;-o)' a*) a) an a*'r ':o o *-' Pr')+'n* ,'ar *-' ('+ an+ a))u'+ a((ro6a o *-'a*H

_______________

107 5L P-. 155 535 SCRA 331 >2008? IP'r C-. PunoEn +anc.

108 7d. a* (. 235 ((. 5=8H5=L S'(ara*' Conurrn: O(non o -. Car(o.

10L Con)*. Pr'a,'.

110 13 P-. 31 5L8 SCRA 22L >200L? IP'r -. %ron S'on+ D6)on.

60



*'r >:? when to re1uire exhaustion of administrative remedies would %e unreasona%le >-? ;-'n *;ou+ aoun* *o a nuBa*on o a a >? ;-'n *-' )u,9'* a**'r ) a (r6a*' an+ n an+ a)'(ro''+n:) >9? ;-'n *-' ru' +o') no* (ro6+' a (an )(''+y an+ a+'


33/92

112 )ian'co v. Land +an9 of the /hilippines G.R. No. 15=LL8 O*o,'r 2010 =2 SCRA 25 271IP'r -. P'ra*a S'on+ D6)on 2008? IP'r -. Na-ura T-r+ D6)on@“ T-' ru') o (ro'+ur' ou:-* no* *o,' a(('+ n a 6'ry r:+ an+ *'-na )'n)' or *-'y -a6' ,''n a+o(*'+ *o -'( )'ur' no* o6'rr+')u,)*an*a 9u)*'. Ju+a a*on u)* ,' :u+'+ ,y *-' (rn(' *-a* a (ar*yH*:an* )-ou+ ,' :6'n*-' u')* o((or*un*y *o ')*a,)- *-' 'r*) o -) o(an* or +''n)' ra*-'r *-an or - *o o)'' ,'r*y -onor or (ro('r*y on *'-na*'). F-'n a r:+ a((a*on o *-' ru') *'n+) *o ru)*ra*'

ra*-'r *-an (roo*' )u,)*an*a 9u)*' *-) Cour* ) '(o;'r'+ *o )u)('n+ *-'r o('ra*on.”

61

O&. 737 JANUAR/ 21 20151


a)' o Br)* (r'))on ;-'r' COME&EC -a) *-r'a*'n'+ *o (ro)'u*' (r6a*' (ar*') ;-o )'' *o(ar*(a*' n *-' ''*on) ,y an: a**'n*on *o ))u') *-'y ;an* +',a*'+ ,y *-' (u, n *-'ann'r *-'y '' ;ou+ ,' ''*6' ) on' o *-o)' a)').

##

SU%STANT#E #SSUES

##.A

COME&EC -a+ no ':a ,a))*o r':ua*' '4(r'))on)a+' ,y (r6a*' *'n)

R')(on+'n*) *' *-' Con)**u*on a;) an+ 9ur)(ru+'n' *o )u((or* *-'r (o)*on *-a* *-'y -a+

*-' (o;'r *o r':ua*' *-' *ar(aun.11= "o;'6'r a o *-')' (ro6)on) ('r*an *o an++a*') an+(o*a (ar*'). P'**on'r) ar' no* an++a*'). N'*-'r +o *-'y ,'on: *o any (o*a (ar*y. COME&EC+o') no* -a6' *-' au*-or*y *o r':ua*' *-' 'n9oy'n* o *-' (r''rr'+ r:-* *o r''+o o '4(r'))on

'4'r)'+ ,y a nonan++a*' n *-) a)'.

##.A.1

8irst r')(on+'n*) *' Ar*' #HC S'*on 3 o *-' Con)**u*on ;-- (ro6+')@

S'*on 3. T-' Co))on ay +urn: *-' ''*on ('ro+ )u('r6)' or r':ua*' *-' 'n9oy'n* oru*a*on o all franchises or permits or *-' o('ra*on o *ran)(or*a*on an+ o*-'r (u, u**')'+a o ouna*on or nora*on a :ran*) )('a (r6':') or on'))on) :ran*'+ ,y *-'Go6'rn'n* or any )u,+6)on a:'ny or n)*ru'n*a*y *-'r'o nu+n: any :o6'rn'n*Ho;n'+or Hon*ro'+ or(ora*on or *) )u,)+H

_______________

11= Rollo ((. 70H71 73 an+ 82H8=.

62



ary. Su- )u('r6)on or r':ua*on )-a a *o 'n)ur' '


34/92

o a+6'r*)n: )(a' or ra+o or *''6)on *'.”11L T-) our* oun+ *-a* “I'+a (ra**on'r)'4'r)n: *-'r r''+o o '4(r'))on +urn: (',)*' ('ro+) ar' n'*-'r *-' ran-)'

_______________

113 See R'(. A* No. L00 >2001? S'. 2.

S'. 2. *eclaration of /rinciples.— T-' S*a*' )-a +urn: *-' ''*on ('ro+ )u('r6)' orr':ua*' *-' 'n9oy'n* or u*a*on o a ran-)') or ('r*) or *-' o('ra*on o '+a o ouna*on or nora*on *o :uaran*'' or 'n)ur' '7? o *-' Con)**u*on a) oo;)@122

S'. 2. T-' Co))on on E'*on) )-a '4'r)' *-' oo;n: (o;'r) an+ un*on)@. . . .

>7? R'o'n+ *o *-' Con:r')) ''*6' 'a)ur') *o n' ''*on )('n+n: nu+n:*a*on o (a') ;-'r' (ro(a:an+a a*'ra) )-a ,' (o)*'+ an+ *o (r'6'n* an+ ('na' a or)o election frauds3 o5enses3 malpractices3 and nuisance candidates. >E(-a)) )u(('+?

%a)'+ on *-' 'nu'ra*on a+' on a*) *-a* ay ,' ('na'+ * ; ,' n'rr'+ *-a* *-) (ro6)onony a'*) an++a*').

P'**on'r) a))a *-' “No*' *o R'o6' Ca(a:n Ma*'ra)”))u'+ ,y COME&EC. T-) ;a) oo;'+ ,y

*-' a))a'+ '**'r r':ar+n: *-' “''*on (ro(a:an+a a*'ra (o)*'+ on *-' -ur- 6n*y (roo*n:

or or a:an)* *-' an++a*') an+ (ar*y )* :rou(). . . .”12= S'*on L o *-' $ar E'*on) A*123 on *-'

(o)*n: o a(a:n a*'ra) ony 'n*on)“(ar*')”an+“an++a*')”@ _______________

120 7d.

121 7d.

122 Rollo (. 83.

12= 7d. a* (. 2=.

123 R'(. A* No. L00 >2001?.

64



S'. L. /ostin' of Campai'n "aterials.— T-' COME&EC ay au*-or' political parties and party list 'roups *o 'r'* oon (o)*'r ar'a) or *-'r an++a*') n no* or' *-an *'n >10? (u, (a') )u-a) (aa) ar'*) %aran'ay 'n*'r) an+ *-' ' ;-'r'n candidates can post3 display or exhi%it election propa'anda@ /rovided T-a* *-' )' o *-' (o)*'r ar'a) )-a no* '4''+ *;'6' >12? ,y)4*''n >1? ''* or *) '


35/92

#n+'('n+'n* candidates ;*- no (o*a (ar*') ay ';)' ,' au*-or'+ *o 'r'* oon (o)*'rar'a) n no* or' *-an *'n >10? (u, (a') *-' )' o ;-- )-a no* '4''+ our >3? ,y )4 >? ''*or *) '=? +ay) ro no*' ;-- )-a ,'))u'+ ,y *-' E'*on O'r o *-' *y or un(a*y ;-'r' *-' una;u ''*on (ro(a:an+a ar'(o)*'+ or +)(ay'+.M','r) o *-' PNP an+ o*-'r a; 'nor''n* a:'n') a'+ u(on ,y *-' E'*on O'r or o*-'roa) o *-' COME&EC )-a a((r'-'n+ *-' 6oa*or) au:-* n *-' a* an+ B' *-' a((ro(ra*'-ar:') a:an)* *-'. >E(-a)) )u(('+?

R')(on+'n*) on)+'r'+ *-' *ar(aun a) a a(a:n a*'ra n *-'r ))uan'). T-' a,o6' (ro6)on)r':ua*n: *-' (o)*n: o a(a:n a*'ra) ony a((y *o an++a*') an+ (o*a (ar*') an+('**on'r) ar' n'*-'r o *-' *;o.

S'*on = o R'(u, A* No. L00 on “&a;u E'*on Pro(a:an+a”a)o )*a*') *-a* *-')' ar' “ao;'+or a r':)*'r'+ (o*a (ar*') na*ona r':ona )'*ora (ar*') or or:ana*on) (ar*(a*n:

un+'r *-' (ar*y )* ''*on) an+ or a %ona 0de an++a*') )''n: na*ona an+ oa ''*6'(o)*on) )u,9'* *o *-' *a*on on au*-or'+ '4('n)') o an++a*') an+ (o*a (ar*'). . . .”S'*on o COME&EC R')ou*on No. L15 (ro6+') or a )ar ;or+n:.

T-')' (ro6)on) )-o; *-a* ''*on (ro(a:an+a r''r) *o a**'r +on' ,y or on ,'-a o an+ noor+na*on ;*- an++a*') an+ (o*a (ar*'). So' '6' o oor+na*on ;*- *-' an++a*') an+(o*a (ar*') or ;-o *-' ''*on (ro(a:an+a ar' r''a)'+ ;ou+ 'n)ur' *-a* *-')' an++a*')an+ (o*a (ar*') an*an ;*-n *-' au*-or'+ '4('n)') *a*on.

T-' *ar(aun ;a) no* (a+ or ,y any an++a*' or (o*a (ar*y.125 T-'r' ;a) no a':a*on *-a*('**on'r) oor+na*'+ ;*- any o *-' ('r)on) na'+ n *-' *ar(aun r':ar+n: *) (o)*n:. On *-'o*-'r -an+ ('**on'r) (o)*'+ *-' *ar(aun a) (ar* o *-'r a+6oay a:an)* *-' R" &a;.

_______________

125 Rollo (. 10.

66


R')(on+'n*) a)o *' ,ational /ress Clu% v. C!"ELEC12 n ar:un: *-a* *) r':ua*ory (o;'r un+'r *-'Con)**u*on *o )o' '4*'n* )'* a * on *-' r:-* *o r'' )(''- +urn: ''*on ('ro+.127

,ational /ress Clu% n6o6'+ *-' (ro-,*on on *-' )a' an+ +ona*on o )(a' an+ *' or(o*a a+6'r*)''n*) *n: (o*a a+6'r*)''n*) *o COME&ECH+'):na*'+ )(a' an+ *'. T-)a)' ;a) ,rou:-* ,y r'(r')'n*a*6') o a)) '+a an+ *;o an++a*') or o' n *-' 1LL2''*on). T-'y ar:u'+ *-a* *-' (ro-,*on on *-' )a' an+ +ona*on o )(a' an+ *' or (o*aa+6'r*)''n*) ) *an*aoun* *o 'n)or)-( ;-- n''))ary nrn:') on *-' r''+o o )(''- o *-' an++a*').128


36/92

T-) our* u(-'+ *-' on)**u*ona*y o *-' COME&EC (ro-,*on n ,ational /ress Clu%.owever3 this case does not apply as most of the petitioners were electoral candidates3 unli9e petitioners in the instant case. Mor'o6'r *-' )u,9'* a**'r o Na*ona Pr')) Cu, S'*on 11>,? o R'(u, A* No. 312L ony r''r) *o a (ar*uar n+ o '+a )u- a) n';)(a('r) ra+o,roa+a)*n: or *''6)on.1=0

_______________

12 G.R. No. 1025= Mar- 5 1LL2 207 SCRA 1 IP'r -. $'anoEn +anc.

127 Rollo (. 82.

128 ,ational /ress Clu% v. C!"ELEC G.R. No. 1025= Mar- 5 1LL2 207 SCRA 1 IP'r -.$'ano En +anc.

12L T-' E'*ora R'or) &a; o 1L87.

1=0 R'(. A* No. 3 >1L88? S'. 11>,?.

S'. 11 /rohi%ited 8orms of Election /ropa'anda.—#n a++*on *o *-' or) o ''*on(ro(a:an+a (ro-,*'+ un+'r S'*on 85 o +atas /am%ansa +l'. 881 * )-a ,' una;u@

. . . .

,? or any n';)(a('r ra+o ,roa+a)*n: or *''6)on )*a*on o*-'r a)) '+a or any ('r)onan: u)' o *-' a)) '+a *o )' or *o :6' r'' o -ar:' (rn* )(a' or ar *' or a(a:n oro*-'r (o*a (ur(o)') '4'(* *o *-' Co))on a) (ro6+'+ un+'r S'*on) L0 an+ L2 o +atas/am%ansa +l'. 881. Any a)) '+a oun)* o'n*a*or announ'r or ('r)ona*y ;-o ) aan+H

67

O&. 737 JANUAR/ 21 20157


Ju)*' $'ano '(-a)'+ *-a* *-' (ro6)on ++ no* nrn:' u(on *-' r:-* o r'(or*'r) or,roa+a)*'r) *o ar *-'r o'n*ar') an+ o(non) r':ar+n: *-' an++a*') *-'r ,? T-' *'r “''*on a(a:n”or “(ar*)an (o*a a*6*y”r''r) *o an act desi'ned to promotethe election or defeat of a particular candidate or candidates to a pu%lic oce ;-- )-a nu+'@

>1? $orn: or:ana*on) a))oa*on) u,) o**'') or o*-'r :rou() o ('r)on) or *-' (ur(o)'o )o*n: 6o*') an+or un+'r*an: any a(a:n or or a:an)* a an++a*'

>2? "o+n: (o*a auu)') on'r'n') ''*n:) ra') (ara+') or o*-'r )ar a))',') or*-' (ur(o)' o )o*n: 6o*') an+or un+'r*an: any a(a:n or (ro(a:an+a or or a:an)* aan++a*'

>=? Man: )(''-') announ''n*) or o'n*ar') or -o+n: n*'r6';) or or a:an)* *-'''*on o any an++a*' or (u, o'

_______________ +a*' or any ''*6' (u, o' )-a *a' a 'a6' o a,)'n' ro -) ;or a) )u- +urn: *-'

a(a:n ('ro+.68



>3? Pu,)-n: or +)*r,u*n: a(a:n *'ra*ur' or a*'ra) +'):n'+ *o )u((or* or o((o)' *-'''*on o any an++a*' or

>5? Dr'*y or n+r'*y )o*n: 6o*') ('+:') or )u((or* or or a:an)* a an++a*'.


37/92

T-' or':on: 'nu'ra*'+ a*) ('ror'+ or *-' (ur(o)' o 'n-ann: *-' -an') o a)(ran*) ornona*on or an++ay *o a (u, o' ,y a (o*a (ar*y a::rou('n* or oa*on o (ar*'))-a no* ,' on)+'r'+ a) ''*on a(a:n or (ar*)an ''*on a*6*y.

/u%lic expressions or opinions or discussions of pro%a%le issues in a forthcomin' election or ona**r,u*') o or r*)) a:an)* (ro,a,' an++a*') (ro(o)'+ *o ,' nona*'+ n a or*-on:(o*a (ar*y on6'n*on shall not %e construed as part of any election campai'n or partisan politicalactivity contemplated under this Article. >E(-a)) )u(('+?

Tru' *-'r' ) no 'n*on ;-'*-'r ''*on a(a:n ) *'+ ony *o *-' an++a*') an+ (o*a

(ar*') *-')'6'). T-' ou) o *-' +'Bn*on ) *-a* *-' a* u)* ,' “+'):n'+ *o (roo*' *-'

''*on or +''a* o a (ar*uar an++a*' or an++a*') *o a (u, o'.”#n *-) a)' *-' *ar(aun on*an) )(''- on a a**'r o (u, on'rn *-a* ) a )*a*''n* o '*-'ra((r'a*on or r*) on 6o*') a+' n *-' (a))n: o *-' R" &a;. T-u) ('**on'r) n6o' *-'rr:-* *o r''+o o '4(r'))on.

##.%

T-' 6oa*on o *-' on)**u*ona r:-**o r''+o o )(''- an+ '4(r'))on

P'**on'r) on*'n+ *-a* *-' a))a'+ no*' an+ '**'r or *-' r'o6a o *-' *ar(aun 6oa*' *-'r

un+a'n*a r:-* *o r''+o o '4(r'))on.On *-' o*-'r -an+ r')(on+'n*) on*'n+ *-a* *-' *ar(aun ) an ''*on (ro(a:an+a )u,9'* *o

*-'r r':ua*on (ur)uan*69

O&. 737 JANUAR/ 21 2015L


*o *-'r an+a*' un+'r Ar*' #HC S'*on 3 o *-' Con)**u*on. T-u) *-' a))a'+ no*' an+ '**'ror+'rn: *) r'o6a or ,'n: o6'r)'+ ar' 6a+ an+ on)**u*ona.1=1

##.%.1

$un+a'n*a *o *-' on)+'ra*on o *-) ))u' ) Ar*' ### S'*on 3 o *-' Con)**u*on@

S'*on 3. No a; )-a ,' (a))'+ a,r+:n: *-' r''+o o )(''- o '4(r'))on or o *-' (r')) or*-' r:-* o *-' ('o(' ('a'a,y *o a))',' an+ ('**on *-' :o6'rn'n* or r'+r')) o :r'6an').1=2

,o law. . .F-' * ) *ru' *-a* *-' (r')'n* ('**on a))a) no* a a; ,u* an o(non ,y *-' COME&EC &a;

D'(ar*'n* *-) our* -a) a(('+ Ar*' ### S'*on 3 o *-' Con)**u*on '6'n *o :o6'rn'n*a a*).#n /rimicias v. 8u'oso1== r')(on+'n* Mayor a(('+ ,y anao:y S'*on 111L o *-' R'6)'+

Or+nan') o 1L27 o Mana or *-' (u, ''*n: an+ a))',y or:an'+ ,y ('**on'r Pra). 1=3

S'*on 111L r'1L38? IP'r -. $'ra En +anc.

1=3 7d. a* ((. 7H77.

70



38/92


a*-'* :a') )(or*) or '',ra*on o na*ona -o+ay).1=5 F-a* ;a) Mr. %'n:on?@ #) *-'r' any o,9'*on >Silence? T-' C-ar -'ar) non' *-'a'n+'n* ) a((ro6'+.

$R. %ERNAS@ So *-a* (ro6)on ; no; r'a+@ “No a; )-a ,' (a))'+ a,r+:n: *-' r''+o o )(''-

'4(r'))on or o *-' (r')) . . . .”131

S(''- ay ,' )a+ *o ,' n'4*ra,y n'+ *o r''+o *)' a) “I*-' r:-* *o *-n ) *-' ,':nnn:o r''+o an+ )(''- u)* ,' (ro*'*'+ ro *-' :o6'rn'n* ,'au)' )(''- ) *-' ,':nnn: o

*-ou:-*.”132

_______________

131 R'or+ o *-' 1L8 Con)**u*ona Co))on R.C.C. No. == o. # Juy 18 1L8.

132 8reedom of Speech and Expression 11 "ar6. &. R'6. 272 277 >2002? 1uotin' Ju)*''nn'+y n Ashcroft v. 8ree Speech Coalition 122 S. C*. 1=8L 130= >2002?.

72

72


39/92


##.%.2Couna*on ) an '))'n*a ou*o' o (ro*'*'+ )(''-.13=

Couna*on '4)*) ;-'n “>1? a )('a'r )''n: *o ):na o*-'r) u)') on6'n*ona a*on),'au)' -' or )-' r'a)ona,y ,''6') *-a* )u- a*on) ; ,' *a'n ,y *-' au+'n' n *-' ann'r

n*'n+'+ an+ >2? *-' au+'n' )o *a') *-' a*on).”133 “I#n ouna*6' a*onI *-' -'ar'r ay

r')(on+ *o *-' a) ,y . . . '*-'r a'(*n: *-' )(''- a*’) a) or o((o)n: *-' ;*- r*)

or r'1LL0?.

135 "u:- %a4*'r System and Lifeworld in a%ermas’s )heory of Law 2= Car+oo &. R'6. 37= 3LL>2002?.

13 Jo)-ua Fa+an Sym%olic Speech and Social "eanin' L7 Cou. &. R'6. 1833 1837 >1LL7?.

73

O&. 737 JANUAR/ 21 20157=


una*6' '''n*’o *-' on+u* ay ,' ‘)u'n* *o ,rn: n*o (ay *-' Ir:-* *o r''+o o

'4(r'))on.’”137

T-' r:-* *o r''+o o '4(r'))on *-u) a((') *o *-' 'n*r' on*nuu o )(''- ro u**'ran')a+' *o on+u* 'na*'+ an+ '6'n *o na*on *)' a) a )y,o ann'r o ouna*on.#n E%ralina' v. )he *ivision Superintendent of Schools of Ce%u 138 )*u+'n*) ;-o ;'r' ','r) o *-'

r':ou) )'* J'-o6a-’) F*n'))') ;'r' *o ,' '4(''+ ro )-oo or r'u)n: *o )au*' *-' Ka: )n:*-' na*ona an*-' an+ r'*' *-' (a*ro* ('+:'.13L #n -) onurrn: o(non Ju)*' Cru +)u))'+-o; *-' )au*' ) a )y,o ann'r o ouna*on an+ a 6a+ or o '4(r'))on.150 "' a++) *-a*r''+o o )(''- nu+') '6'n *-' r:-* *o ,' )'n*@$r''+o o )(''- nu+') *-' r:-* *o ,' )'n*. A(*y -a) * ,''n )a+ *-a* *-' % o R:-*) *-a*:uaran*'') *o *-' n+6+ua *-' ,'r*y *o u**'r ;-a* ) n -) n+ a)o :uaran*'') *o - *-' ,'r*yno* *o u**'r ;-a* ) no* n -) n+. T-' )au*' ) a )y,o ann'r o ouna*on *-a* on6'y) *)'))a:' a) 'ary a) *-' ;r**'n or )(o'n ;or+. A) a 6a+ or o '4(r'))on * anno* ,'

o(''+ any or' *-an * an ,' (ro-,*'+ n *-' a' o 6a+ r':ou) o,9'*on) ' *-o)' ra)'+n *-) ('**on. To (o)' * on *-' ('**on'r) ) *o +'ny *-' *-' r:-* no* *o )('a ;-'n *-'rr':on ,+) *-' *o ,' )'n*. T-) o'ron o on)'n' -a) no (a' n *-' r'' )o'*y.

T-' +'ora* )y)*' (ro6+') or *-' aoo+a*on o +6'r)' +'a) nu+n: *-' unon6'n*onaan+ '6'n *-' ,arr' or ''n*r. T-' ; o *-' a9or*y (r'6a) ,u* * anno* r':'n* *-ou:-* ,y(r')r,n:

_______________

137 7d. *n: GS v. !’+rien =L1 U.S. =7 =7 >1L8?.

138 G.R. No. L5770 Mar- 1 1LL= 21L SCRA 25 IP'r -. GrñoHA


40/92

150 7d. a* (. 275 Conurrn: O(non o -. Cru.

74



*-' r'*a*on ,y ro*' o *) o(non) or (ro)r,n: *-' a))'r*on o unor*-o+o4 or un(o(uar 6';) a) n*-) a)'. T-' on)'n*ou) o,9'*on) o *-' ('**on'r) no ')) *-an *-' (a*'n' o *-o)' ;-o+)a:r'' ;*- *-' ar' (ro*'*'+ ,y *-' Con)**u*on. T-' S*a*' anno* a' *-' n+6+ua )('a;-'n *-' )ou ;*-n r',').151

E6'n ,'or' r''+o “o '4(r'))on”;a) nu+'+ n Ar*' ### S'*on 3 o *-' (r')'n* Con)**u*on*-) our* -a) a(('+ *) (r''+'n* 6'r)on *o '4(r'))on) o*-'r *-an 6'r,a u**'ran').#n *-' 1L85 a)' o


41/92

)('a'r) *-')'6'). C'r*any ar:'r )':'n*) o *-' (u, ay *'n+ *o ,' or' on6n'+ o *-'(on* a+' ,y au*-or*a*6' B:ur') ;-'n *-'y a' *-' 'or* *o '(-a)' *-'r '))a:').

_______________

157 7d. a* (. 2=5 (. 27L.

76



)hird ar:'r )(a') ao; or or' '))a:'). &ar:'r )(a') *-'r'or' ay *ran)a*' *o or'o((or*un*') *o a(y '4(an an+ ar:u' (on*) ;-- *-' )('a'r) :-* ;an* *o ouna*'.Ra*-'r *-an )(y (an: *-' na') an+ a:') o (o*a an++a*') an+ an '4(r'))on o )u((or*

ar:'r )(a') an ao; or ,r' ,u* 'ora,' (r')'n*a*on) o *-' an++a*')’(a*or) or:o6'rnan'. &ar:'r )(a') ao; or or' (r')' n'(*on) o +'a) a*ay' r'a*on) *o a+6oa')an+ on*r,u*' or' *o a or' '+ua*'+ an+ r'a)on'+ ''*ora*'. A or' '+ua*'+ ''*ora*' ;nr'a)' *-' (o)),*') o ,o*- :oo+ :o6'rnan' an+ aoun*a,*y n our :o6'rn'n*.

T-')' (on*) ,'o' or' )a'n* ;-'n * ) *-' ''*ora*' no* *-' an++a*') or *-' (o*a(ar*') *-a* )('a). Too o*'n *-' *'r) o (u, +)u))on +urn: ''*on) ar' ra'+ an+ '(*-o)*a:' ,y ,r' an+ a*-y ,u* 'ann:')) )oun+ ,*') '4*on: *-' -ara*'r o *-' an++a*'.For)' ''*on) )+'n' (o*a ar:u'n*) an+ (r6':' *-' 'n+or)''n* ,y '',r*'). Ra*-'r *-an(ro6+' o,)*a') *o *-'r )(''- :o6'rn'n* )-ou+ n a* 'noura:' *. %'*;''n *-' an++a*')

an+ *-' ''*ora*' *-' a**'r -a6' *-' ,'**'r n'n*6' *o +'an+ +)u))on o *-' or' (or*an*))u'). %'*;''n *-' an++a*') an+ *-' ''*ora*' *-' or'r -a6' ,'**'r n'n*6') *o a6o+ +u*(o*a )*an+(on*) an+ n)*'a+ ou) on a(('aran') an+ '(*y (ro)').

&ar:' *ar(aun) *-'r'or' ar' no* anao:ou) *o *' an+ (a'.158 T-'y ar' un+a'n*ay (ar* o '4(r'))on (ro*'*'+ un+'r Ar*' ### S'*on 3 o *-' Con)**u*on.

_______________

158 S'' ,avarro v. Fille'as No. &H=187 $',ruary 2 1L70 =1 SCRA 7=0 7=2 an+ Reyes v.+a'atsin' 210 P-. 357 37 125 SCRA 55= 570 >1L8=? IP'r C-. $'rnan+o En +anc. %o*- a)')n6o6' r':ua*on o *' an+ (a' ,u* *-) +o') no* a'* r'' )(''-. #n ,avarro *-) our*

on)+'r'+ *-a* “6 r:-*) an+ ,'r*') an '4)* an+ ,' (r')'r6'+ ony n an or+'r'+ )o'*y.”

Mor'o6'r Reyes -'+ *-a* “I*-' -:- ')*a*' aor+'+ *-' r:-*) *o r'' )(''- an+ ('a'a,'

a))',y +'an+) no*-n: ')).”

77

O&. 737 JANUAR/ 21 2015

77)he *iocese of +acolod vs. Commission on Elections

##.%.3

T-'r' ar' )'6'ra *-'or') an+ )-oo) o *-ou:-* *-a* )*r'n:*-'n *-' n''+ *o (ro*'* *-' ,a)

r:-* *o r''+o o '4(r'))on.8irst *-) r'a*') *o *-' r:-* o *-' ('o(' *o (ar*(a*' n (u, aar) nu+n: *-' r:-* *o

r*' :o6'rn'n* a*on).

Pro(on'n*) o *-' (o*a *-'ory on “+','ra*6' +'oray”)u,* *-a* “)u,)*an*a o('n

Ian+ '*-a +ao:u' ) a r*a an+ n+''+ +'Bnn: 'a*ur' o a :oo+ (o*y.”15L T-) *-'ory ay ,'

on)+'r'+ ,roa+ ,u* * +'Bn*'y “nu+') Ia o'*6' +')onHan: ;*- *-' (ar*(a*on o a

;-o ; ,' a'*'+ ,y *-' +')on.”10 #* an-or) on *-' (rn(' *-a* *-' orn'r)*on' o '6'ry

+'oray ) *-a* )o6'r':n*y r')+') n *-' ('o('. 11 To 'n)ur' or+'r n runnn: *-' )*a*'’) aar))o6'r':n (o;'r) ;'r' +'':a*'+ an+ n+6+ua) ;ou+ ,' ''*'+ or nona*'+ n 'y :o6'rn'n*(o)*on) *o r'(r')'n* *-' ('o('. On *-) no*' *-' *-'ory on +','ra*6' +'oray ay '6o6' *o*-' r:-* o *-' ('o(' *o a' :o6'rn'n* aoun*a,'. N''))ary *-) nu+') *-' r:-* o *-'('o(' *o r*' a*) a+' (ur)uan* *o :o6'rn'n*a un*on).

S(''- *-a* (roo*') +ao:u' on (u, aar) or ar) ou* :r'6an') an+ (o*a +)on*'n*)-ou+ *-u) ,' (ro*'*'+ an+ 'noura:'+.

%orro;n: *-' ;or+) o Ju)*' %ran+') “* ) -aar+ou) *o +)oura:' *-ou:-* -o(' an+a:na*on *-a* 'ar ,r''+)

_______________


42/92

15L See Ja') A. Gar+n'r Shut Gp and Fote A Criti1ue of *eli%erative *emocracy and the Life of )al9 = T'nn. &. R'6. 321 322 >1LL?.

10 See Jo-n J. For'y *eli%erative Constitutionalism %yu &. R'6. 3=1 331 >200L? citin' JonE)*'r *eli%erative *emocracy (. 8 >1LL8?.

11 Con)*. Ar*. ## S'. 1.

78

78 SUPREME COURT REPORTS ANNOTATED)he *iocese of +acolod vs. Commission on Elections

r'(r'))on *-a* r'(r'))on ,r''+) -a*' *-a* -a*' 'na') )*a,' :o6'rn'n* *-a* *-' (a*- o )a'*y

') n *-' o((or*un*y *o +)u)) r''y )u((o)'+ :r'6an') an+ (ro(o)'+ r''+').”12

#n *-) 9ur)+*on *-) our* -'+ *-a* “I*-' n*'r')* o )o'*y an+ *-' an*'nan' o :oo+

:o6'rn'n* +'an+ a u +)u))on o (u, aar).”1= T-) our* -a) *-u) a+o(*'+ *-' (rn('

*-a* “+',a*' on (u, ))u') )-ou+ ,' unn-,*'+ ro,u)* an+ ;+' o('n . . . Inu+n: '6'n

un('a)an*y )-ar( a**a) on :o6'rn'n* an+ (u, oa).”13

Second r'' )(''- )-ou+ ,' 'noura:'+ un+'r *-' on'(* o a ar'* (a' o +'a). T-)

*-'ory ;a) ar*ua*'+ ,y Ju)*' "o') n *-a* “*-' u*a*' :oo+ +')r'+ ) ,'**'r r'a-'+ ,y I*-'

r'' *ra+' n +'a)@”15

F-'n 'n -a6' r'a'+ *-a* *' -a) u()'* any B:-*n: a*-) *-'y ay o' *o ,''6' '6'nor' *-an *-'y ,''6' *-' 6'ry oun+a*on) o *-'r o;n on+u* *-a* *-' u*a*' :oo+ +')r'+ )

,'**'r r'a-'+ ,y r'' *ra+' n +'a) — *-a* *-' ,')* *')* o *ru*- ) *-' (o;'r o *-' *-ou:-* *o :'**)' a'(*'+ n *-' o('**on o *-'

_______________

12 S'' -. San-' Conurrn: an+ D))'n*n: O(non n 2005? citin' A%rams v. Gnited States 250 U.S. 1 =0 >1L1L?. #n A%rams Ju)*'

"o') +))'n*'+ ro *-' Su(r'' Cour*’) o(non arn: *-' on6*on o B6' 'n or rua*n:(roHSo6'* 'aK'*).

79

O&. 737 JANUAR/ 21 20157L


ar'* an+ *-a* *ru*- ) *-' ony :roun+ u(on ;-- *-'r ;)-') )a'y an ,' arr'+ ou*. 1

T-' ;ay * ;or) *-' '4(o)ur' *o *-' +'a) o o*-'r) ao;) on' *o “on)+'r *')* an+ +'6'o( *-'r

o;n onu)on).”17 A r'' o('n an+ +yna ar'* (a' o +'a) ) on)*an*y )-a(n: n'; on'). T-) (roo*') ,o*- )*a,*y an+ -an:' ;-'r' r'urrn: (on*) ay ry)*a' an+ ;'a on') ay+'6'o(. O our)' r'' )(''- ) or' *-an *-' r:-* *o a((ro6' '4)*n: (o*a ,'') an+

'ono arran:''n*) a) * nu+') “I*o (ara(-ra)' Ju)*' "o') I*-' r''+o or *-' *-ou:-*

*-a* ;' -a*' no ')) *-an or *-' *-ou:-* *-a* a:r'') ;*- u).”18 #n a* r'' )(''- ay“,')* )'r6'*) -:- (ur(o)' ;-'n * n+u') a on+*on o unr')* r'a*') +))a*)a*on ;*- on+*on) a) *-'y

ar' or '6'n )*r) ('o(' *o an:'r.”1L #* ) n *-) on*'4* *-a* ;' )-ou+ :uar+ a:an)* any ur*a'n*

o *-' ('o('’) r:-* *o (ar*(a*' n *-' r'' *ra+' o +'a).

)hird r'' )(''- n6o6') )'H'4(r'))on *-a* 'n-an') -uan +:n*y. T-) r:-* ) “a 'an) o

a))urn: n+6+ua )'HuB'n*”170 aon: o*-'r). #n /hilippine +loomin' "ills Employees!r'ani2ation v. /hilippine +loomin' "ills Co.3 7nc.171 *-) our* +)u))'+ a) oo;)@

T-' r:-*) o r'' '4(r'))on r'' a))',y an+ ('**on ar' no* ony 6 r:-*) ,u* a)o (o*ar:-*) essential


43/92

_______________

1 7d.

17 7d.

18 1L3L?.170


44/92

,''n u)'+ *o +')r,' *-' ''* o r'(r'))n: non6o'n* ou*'*).182 #n or+'r *o a6o+ *-) )*ua*on an+(r'6'n* ('o(' ro r')or*n: *o 6o'n' *-'r' ) a n''+ or ('a'u '*-o+) n an: (a))ona*'

+))'n*. T-) nu+') “r'' '4(r'))on an+ _______________

175 See Dary J. &'6n)on Ri'hts and Fotes 121 /a' &. J. 12L= >2012?.

17 7d. a* ((. 12L=H12L3.

177 7d. a* (. 12L3.178 7d.

17L S'' Reyes v. +a'atsin' supra no*' 158 a* (. 38 (. 52.

180 S'' Safety Falve Closed )he Removal of ,onviolent !utlets for *issent and the !nset of Anti( A%ortion Fiolence 11= "ar6. &. R'6. 1210 1222 >2000?.

181 7d. citin' %ra+'y C. %o,'r* )he +randeis


45/92

Po*a a+6'r*)n: nu+') a**'r) no* an: ;*-n *-' )o(' o ('r)ona o(non *-a* a(('ar onany #n*'rn'* ;',)*' nu+n: ,u* no* *'+ *o )oa n'*;or) ,o::n: )*') an+ roH,o::n:)*') n r'*urn or on)+'ra*on or o*-'r;)' a(a,' o ('unary ')*a*on.

On *-' o*-'r -an+ ('**on'r) n6o' *-'r “on)**u*ona r:-* *o ouna*' *-'r o(non) 6';)

an+ ,'') a,ou* ))u') an+ an++a*').”188 T-'y ar:u' *-a* *-' *ar(aun ;a) *-'r )*a*''n* o

a((ro6a an+ a((r'a*on o *-' na'+ (u, oa)’a* o 6o*n: a:an)* *-' R" &a; an+ *-'rr*) *o;ar+ *-o)' ;-o 6o*'+ n *) a6or. 18L #* ;a)“(ar* o *-'r a+6oay a(a:n a:an)* *-' R"

&a;”1L0 ;-- ;a) no* (a+ or ,y any an++a*' or (o*a (ar*y.1L1 T-u) “*-' C*a*on) o**'+?

T-) (ror+a r:-* a) or u*o)* r')('* or' )o “;-'n ;-a* ay ,' ur*a'+ ) *-'

+))'na*on o nora*on *o a' or' 'ann:u *-' '


46/92

o *-' +'ara*on o (rn(') o our Con)**u*on “ T-' P-((n') ) a r'(u,an )*a*'. So6'r':n*y

r')+') n *-' ('o(' an+ a :o6'rn'n* au*-or*y 'ana*') ro *-'”>S'*on 1 Ar*' ##?. Tran)a*n: *-) +'ara*on n*o a*ua*y *-' P-((n') ) a r'(u, ,'au)' an+ )o'y ,'au)' *-'('o(' n * an ,' :o6'rn'+ ony ,y oa) ;-o *-'y *-')'6') -a6' (a'+ n o' ,y *-'r6o*'). An+ n * ) on *-) orn'r)*on' *-a* # -o+ * *o ,' )'H'6+'n* *-a* when the freedoms of speech3 press and peaceful assem%ly and redress of 'rievances are %ein' exercised in relation tosu5ra'e or as a means to en&oy the inaliena%le ri'ht of the 1uali0ed citi2en to vote3 they are a%soluteand timeless. # our +'oray an+ r'(u,an) ar' *o ,' ;or*-;-' *-' on+u* o (u, aar) ,your oa) u)* ,' ao;'+ *o )u'r n'))an* an+ una,a*n: )ru*ny a6ora,' or una6ora,''6'ry+ay an+ a* a *'). E6'ry -o+'r o (o;'r n our :o6'rn'n* u)* ,' r'a+y *o un+'r:o'4(o)ur' any o'n* o *-' +ay or n:-* ro January *o D'','r '6'ry y'ar a) * ) ony n *-);ay *-a* -' an r:-*uy :an *-' onB+'n' o *-' ('o('. # -a6' no (a*'n' or *-o)' ;-o ;ou+r':ar+ (u, +))'*on o *-' ')*a,)-'n* a) an a**r,u*' *o ,' n+u:'+ ,y *-' ('o(' ony a*'r*an ('ro+) o *'. 7 consider the freedoms of speech3 press and peaceful assem%ly and redress of 'rievances3 when exercised in the name of su5ra'e3 as the very means %y which the ri'ht itself tovote can only %e properly en&oyed. #* )*an+) *o r'a)on *-'r'or' *-a* )ura:' *)' ;ou+ ,' n'4* *ou)'')) *-')' ,'r*') anno* ,' un*ra''+ Isic ;-'*-'r a) *o +':r'' or *'.1L8 >E(-a)))u(('+?

No* a )(''- ar' *r'a*'+ *-' )a'. #n Chave2 v. C*a*on) o**'+?

F' +)*n:u)- ,'*;''n (o*a an+ o'ra )(''-. Po*a )(''- r''r) *o )(''- “,o*-

n*'n+'+ an+ r''6'+ a) a on*r,u*on *o (u, +','ra*on a,ou* )o' ))u'”200 “o)*'rIn:

nor'+ an+ 6Hn+'+ +','ra*on.”201 On *-' o*-'r -an+ o'ra )(''- -a) ,''n +'Bn'+ a)

)(''- *-a* +o') “no or' *-an (ro(o)' a o'ra *ran)a*on.”202

T-' '4(r'))on r')u*n: ro *-' on*'n* o *-' *ar(aun ) -o;'6'r +'Bn*'y (o*a )(''-.

#n Ju)*' %ron’) +))'n*n: o(non -' +)u))'+ *-a* “I*-' on*'n* o *-' *ar(aun a) ;' a) *-'*n: o *) (o)*n: a') * )u,9'* o *-' r':ua*on) n RA L00 an+ Co'' R')ou*on No.

L15.”20= "' a++) *-a*“I;-' n+''+ *-' R" ))u' ,y *)' ) no* an ''*ora a**'r *-' )an* *-a**-' ('**on'r) :a6' *-' ))u' on6'r*'+ *-' non''*on

1LL Chave2 v. 2008? IP'r C-. PunoEn +anc.

200 See oo*no*' 3 o 8reedom of Speech and Expression 11 "ar6. &. R'6. 272 >2002? citin'Ca)) R. Sun)*'n 8ree Speech ,ow T-' % o R:-*) n *-' Mo+'rn S*a*' 255 =03 >1LL2?.

201 S'' 8reedom of Speech and Expression 11 "ar6. &. R'6. 272 278 >2002?.

202 See Er %ar'n+* )o%acco Advertisin' )he Last /u5M Pu,. &. 27 >2002?.

20= -. %ron D))'n*n: O(non (. 152.

87

O&. 737 JANUAR/ 21 201587


47/92


))u' n*o a 6' ''*on on' -'n' T'a %u-ay an+ T'a Pa*ay an+ *-' ('a *o )u((or* on' an+

o((o)' *-' o*-'r.”203

F-' *-' *ar(aun ay nKu'n' *-' )u')) or aur' o *-' na'+ an++a*') an+ (o*a (ar*')

*-) +o') no* n''))ary 'an * ) ''*on (ro(a:an+a. T-' *ar(aun ;a) no* (a+ or or (o)*'+ “n

r'*urn or on)+'ra*on”,y any an++a*' (o*a (ar*y or (ar*y )* :rou(. T-' )'on+ (ara:ra(- o S'*on 1>3? o COME&EC R')ou*on No. L15 or *-' ru') an+ r':ua*on)(''n*n: R'(u, A* No. L00 a) an a+ *o n*'r(r'* *-' a; n)oar a) *-' a*) o *-) a)'r'


48/92

)u'r un+'r a -o)*' an+ an un9u)* au)a*on *-' ;oun+ an ,' a))ua:'+ ;*- *-' ,a o a 'aron)'n'. A (u, o'r u)* no* ,' *oo *-nH)nn'+ ;*- r''r'n' *o o'n* u(on -) oaa*). Ony *-u) an *-' n*':'n' an+ +:n*y o *-' n+6+ua ,' '4a*'+.20

Su,)'1L51? IP'r -. %'n:onEn +anc.

20L 7d. a* (. 52L.

210 3L P-. L=0 >1L27? IP'r -. MaoEn +anc.211 7d. a* (. L=1.

212 7d. a* (. L=7.

21= 7d. a* (. L=8.

90

L0SUPREME COURT REPORTS ANNOTATED


#n 1L8= Reyes v. +a'atsin'213 +)u))'+ *-' (or*an' o ao;n: n+6+ua) *o 6'n* *-'r 6';).

Aor+n: *o *-) our* “I*) 6au' ay ' n *-' a* *-a* *-'r' ay ,' )o'*-n: ;or*- -'arn: ro

*-' +))'n*'r Ian+ I*-a* ) *o 'n)ur' a *ru' 'r'n* o +'a).”215

Ao;n: *'n) *o ar :r'6an') an+ )('a on)*ru*6' r*)) a:an)* *-'r :o6'rn'n*

on*r,u*') *o '6'ry )o'*y’) :oa or +'6'o('n*. #* (u*) or;ar+ a**'r) *-a* ay ,' -an:'+ or*-' ,'**'r an+ +'a) *-a* ay ,' +','ra*'+ on *o a**an *-a* (ur(o)'. N''))ary * a)o a') *-':o6'rn'n* aoun*a,' or a*) *-a* 6oa*' on)**u*onay (ro*'*'+ r:-*).

#n 1LL8 !smeña v. C!"ELEC oun+ S'*on 11>,? o R'(u, A* No. 3 ;-- (ro-,*) a))'+a ro )'n: (rn* )(a' an+ ar *' or a(a:n '4'(* *o *-' COME&EC *o ,' a +'orayH

'n-ann: 'a)ur'.21 T-) our* 'n*on'+ -o; “+)u))on o (u, ))u') an+ +',a*' on *-'1L8=? IP'r C-. $'rnan+oEn +anc.215 7d. a* (. 38 ((. 52H5=.

21 !smeña v. C!"ELEC =51 P-. L2 720 288 SCRA 337 37L >1LL8? IP'r -. M'n+oaEn +anc.

217 7d. a* (. 71L ((. 378H37L.

218 Rollo (. 108.

21L See %arry Su6an 8!7A and the 8irst Amendment Representative *emocracy and the

/eople’s Elusive “Ri'ht to Jnow3”72 MD. &. RE. 1 L >2012?. “IP'o('’) ‘r:-* *o no;’)'r6') *;o )'(a

91

O&. 737 JANUAR/ 21 2015


49/92

L1)he *iocese of +acolod vs. Commission on Elections

r:-* o )ura:' nu+') *-' r:-* o '6'ry 6o*'r *o no; ;-a* *-'y n''+ *o no; n or+'r *o a'*-'r -o'.

T-u) n Adion' v. C!"ELEC220 *-) our* +)u))'+ *-' (or*an' o +',a*' on (u, ))u') an+ *-'r''+o o '4(r'))on ')('ay n r'a*on *o nora*on *-a* 'n)ur') *-' 'ann:u '4'r)' o *-'

r:-* o )ura:'@F' -a6' a+o(*'+ *-' (rn(' *-a* +',a*' on (u, ))u') )-ou+ ,' unn-,*'+ ro,u)* an+ ;+'o('n an+ *-a* * ay ;' nu+' 6'-''n* au)* an+ )o'*') un('a)an*y )-ar( a**a) on:o6'rn'n* an+ (u, oa). Too any r')*r*on) ; +'ny *o ('o(' *-' ro,u)* unn-,*'+ an+;+' o('n +',a*' *-' :'n'ra*n: o n*'r')* '))'n*a our ''*on) ; *ruy ,' r'' 'an an+-on')*.F' -a6' a)o ru'+ *-a* the preferred freedom of expression calls all the more for the utmost respect when what may %e curtailed is the dissemination of information to ma9e more meanin'ful the e1ually vital ri'ht of su5ra'e.221 >E(-a)) )u(('+ *a*on) o**'+?

S(''- ;*- (o*a on)'


50/92

225 7d. a* (. 118.

22 7d. a* (. 12=.

227 See for instance F)on R. "u-n Assessin' the Constitutionality of Laws )hat Are +othContent(+ased and Content(,eutral )he Emer'in' Constitutional Calculus 7L #n+. &. -. 801 >2003?.

93

O&. 737 JANUAR/ 21 2015

L=)he *iocese of +acolod vs. Commission on Elections

an+ *ar(aun) *-a* ay a'* *-' ''*on) ,'au)' *-'y +'6'r o(non) *-a* )-a(' ,o*- *-'r-o'). #* +o') no* o6'r or n)*an' o'ra )(''-.For)' COME&EC +o') no* (on* *o a +'Bn*' 6'; o ;-a* n+ o '4(r'))on o nonan++a*') ; ,'

a+9u+:'+ a) “''*on (ara(-'rnaa.” T-'r' ar' no '4)*n: ,r:-* n') *o a*':or' )(''- a)''*onHr'a*'+ an+ *-o)' *-a* ar' no*. T-) ) ')('ay *ru' ;-'n *'n) ; ;an* *o u)' *-'rr')our') *o ,' a,' *o ra)' (u, ))u') *-a* )-ou+ ,' *a'+ ,y *-' an++a*') a) ;-a* -a)

-a(('n'+ n *-) a)'. COME&EC’) +)r'*on *o * )(''- n *-) a)' ) un+a'n*ay un,r+'+.S' *a*on) +urn: ''*on) -* a* a or' (ar* o '4(r'))on. T-' on*'n* o *-' *ar(aun ) no*'a)y +6or'+ ro *-' )' o *) '+u.Con*'n*H,a)'+ r':ua*on ,'ar) a -'a6y (r')u(*on o n6a+*y an+ *-) our* -a) u)'+ *-' 'aran+ (r')'n* +an:'r ru' a) 'a)ur'.228 T-u) nChave2 v. C*a*on) o**'+?

Un+'r *-) ru' “*-' '6 on)'1L38? IP'r -. $'raEn +anc Reyesv. +a'atsin' supra no*' 158.


51/92

2=3 /rimicias v. 8u'oso id.

2=5 7d. a* (. 77.

2= 7d. a* (. 75.

95

O&. 737 JANUAR/ 21 2015L5


T-' 'ar'r a)' o Calalan' v. illiams2=7 n6o6'+ *-' Na*ona Tra Co))on r')ou*on *-a*(ro-,*'+ *-' (a))n: o anaH+ra;n 6'-') aon: 'r*an roa+) a* )('B -our). 2=8 T-) our*

)ary +)u))'+ (o' (o;'r n *-a* *-' a))a'+ ru') arry ou* *-' ':)a*6' (oy *-a* “a) *o(roo*' )a' *ran)* u(on an+ a6o+ o,)*ru*on) on na*ona roa+) n *-' n*'r')* an+ on6'n'n' o

*-' (u,.”2=L

A) 'ary a) 1L07 Gnited States v. Apurado230 r'o:n'+ *-a*“or' or ')) +)or+'r ; ar *-'(u, a))',y o *-' ('o(' *o (ro*')* a:an)* :r'6an') ;-'*-'r r'a or a:nary ,'au)' on

)u- oa)on) ''n: ) a;ay) ;rou:-* *o a -:- (*- o '4*''n*. . . .”231 #* ) ;*- *-) ,a+ro(*-a* *-' )*a*' ) 9u)*B'+ n (o)n: r')*r*on) on n+'n*a a**'r) a) *' (a' an+ ann'r o *-' )(''-.#n *-' an+ar a)' o Reyes v. +a'atsin' *-) our* )uar'+ *-' )*'() *-a* ('r* a((an*)u)* oo; ;-- nu+' norn: *-' 'n)n: au*-or*y a-'a+ o *' a) r':ar+) *-' +a*' (u,

(a' an+ *' o *-' a))',y.232

T-) ;ou+ aor+ *-' (u, oa *' *o nor a((an*) *-'r' ;ou+ ,' 6a+ o,9'*on) (ro6+'+ *-a* *-' 'ar an+ (r')'n* +an:'r *')* ) *-' )*an+ar+ u)'+or -) +')on an+ *-' a((an*) ar' :6'n *-' o((or*un*y *o ,' -'ar+.23= T-) run: ;a) (ra*ayo+B'+ n +atas /am%ansa +l'. 880 o*-'r;)' no;n a) *-' Pu, A))',y A* o 1L85.Su,)'1L30? IP'r -. &aur'En +anc.

2=8 7d. a* ((. 728H72L.

2=L 7d. a* (. 7==.

230 7 P-. 322 >1L07? IP'r -. Car)onEn +anc.

231 7d. a* (. 32.

232 Reyes v. +a'atsin' supra no*' 158 a* (. 375 (. 5=.

23= 7d.233 522 P-. 201 388 SCRA 22 >200? IP'r -. AunaEn +anc.

96

LSUPREME COURT REPORTS ANNOTATED


/am%ansa +l'. 880 +o') no* (ro-,* a))',') ,u* )(y r':ua*') *-'r *' (a' an+ann'r.235 #n 2010 *-) our* oun+ n 7nte'rated +ar of the /hilippines v. Atien2a23 *-a* r')(on+'n*Mayor A*'na o**'+ :ra6' a,u)' o +)r'*on ;-'n -' o+B'+ *-' ray ('r* ,y -an:n: *-'6'nu' ro M'n+oa %r+:' *o Paa Mran+a ;*-ou* Br)* aor+n: ('**on'r) *-' o((or*un*y *o ,'-'ar+.237

F' r'*'ra*' *-a* *-' r':ua*on n6o6'+ a* ,ar ) on*'n*H,a)'+. T-' *ar(aun on*'n* ) no*'a)y +6or'+ ro *-' )' o *) '+u.

##.%.7

Ju)*' Car(o an+ Ju)*' P'ra)H%'rna,' )u::')* *-a* *-' (ro6)on) (o)n: a )' * or

*ar(aun) ar' on*'n*Hn'u*ra r':ua*on) a) *-')' “r')*r* *-' manner ,y ;-- )(''- ) r'ay'+ ,u*

no* *-' content o ;-a* ) on6'y'+.”238

7f we apply the test for content(neutral re'ulation3 the 1uestioned acts of C!"ELEC will not pass

the three re1uirements for evaluatin' such restraints on freedom of speech .23L “F-'n _______________


52/92

235 7d. a* ((. 21L an+ 2=1 (. 28. S'' a)o !smeña v. C!"ELEC supra no*' 21 a* (. 71L (.37.

23 7nte'rated +ar of the /hilippines v. Atien2a G.R. No. 175231 $',ruary 23 2010 1= SCRA518 IP'r -. Car(oHMora') $r)* D6)on.

237 7d. a* ((. 52H527.

238 -. Car(o S'(ara*' Conurrn: O(non (. 127 '(-a)) n *-' or:na -. P'ra)H%'rna,'

S'(ara*' Conurrn: O(non (. 172.23L Chave2 v. -. u)u,n: -. Au)*raHMar*n' an+ -. Car(o Mora')? 9on'+ -.

Car(o’) o(non. D))'n*n: an+ onurrn: o(non) ;'r' ;r**'n ,y -. Tn:a an+ -. 'a)o Jr.S'(ara*' +))'n*n: o(non) ;'r' ;r**'n ,y -. C-oHNaaro

97

O&. 737 JANUAR/ 21 2015L7


*-' )(''- r')*ran*) *a' *-' or o a on*'n*Hn'u*ra r':ua*on ony a )u,)*an*a :o6'rn'n*a

n*'r')* ) r'


53/92

(u, nora*on a(a:n) an+ oru) aon: an++a*') n onn'*on ;*- *-' o,9'*6' o -o+n: r'' or+'ry -on')* ('a'u an+ r'+,' ''*on).

Ju)*' %ron n -) +))'n*n: o(non +)u))'+ *-a* “I)' *) *o (o)*'r) ar' n''))ary *o 'n)ur''


54/92

no* ur*a'+. A) ('**on'r) (on*'+ ou* *-' )' *a*on ; no* )'r6' *-' o,9'*6' o nn:''*on )('n+n: on)+'rn: *-'r' ) no * on *-' nu,'r o *ar(aun) *-a* ay ,' (o)*'+.25

T-' third r'2001? S'. =.= (ro6+')@

S'. =. Lawful Election /ropa'anda.— . . . .$or *-' (ur(o)' o *-) A* a;u ''*on (ro(a:an+a )-a nu+'@. . . .

=.=. Co*- (a('r or ar+,oar+ (o)*'r) ;-'*-'r ra'+ or (o)*'+ ;*- an ar'a no* '4''+n:*;o >2? ''* ,y *-r'' >=? ''* '4'(* *-a* a* *-' )*' an+ on *-' oa)on o a (u, ''*n: or rayor n announn: *-' -o+n: o )a+ ''*n: or ray )*r'a'r) no* '4''+n: *-r'' >=? ''* ,y ':-*>8? ''* n )' )-a ,' ao;'+@ /rovided T-a* )a+ )*r'a'r) ay ,' +)(ay'+ B6' >5? +ay) ,'or'*-' +a*' o *-' ''*n: or ray an+ )-a ,' r'o6'+ ;*-n *;'n*yHour >23? -our) a*'r )a+ ''*n:or rayI.

23 Adion' v. C!"ELEC supra no*' 13 a* (. 722.

25 Rollo (. 1==.

101

O&. 737 JANUAR/ 21 2015101


n ;ou+ r'n+'r n''*6' ('**on'r)’'))a:' an+ 6oa*' *-'r r:-* *o '4'r)' r''+o o '4(r'))on.

T-' COME&EC’) a* o r'


55/92

On *-' on' '4*r'' *-) an *a' * or) )u- a) ;-'n 'n+or)''n* a*'ra) n *-' or o

*ar(aun) (o)*'r) or '+a a+6'r*)''n*) ar' a+' o)*'n),y ,y “r'n+)”,u* n r'a*y ar' r'ay(a+ or ,y *-' an++a*' or (o*a (ar*y. T-) )r*) *-' on)**u*ona 6au' *-a* (ro6+') or '


56/92


*-' )* o “ T'a Pa*ay”) 9u4*a(o)'+ ;*- *-' )* o “ T'a %u-ay”*-a* ur*-'r '(-a)') *-' *-''o *) au*-or@ R'(ro+u*6' -'a*- ) an (or*an* ar'r or *-' -ur- o ('**on'r) *o 'n+or)'.

T-' '))a:') n *-' *ar(aun) ar' +'r'n* ro *-' u)ua '))a:') o an++a*'). E'*on(ara(-'rnaa ro an++a*') an+ (o*a (ar*') ar' or' +'ara*6' an+ +')r(*6' an+ on*anno )o(-)*a*'+ *'rary au)on *o any )oa o,9'*6'. T-u) *-'y u)uay )(y '4-or* *-' (u, *o

6o*' or a ('r)on ;*- a ,r' +')r(*on o *-' a**r,u*') o *-' an++a*'. $or '4a(' “o*' or I4

S(a: a* Tya:a” “o*' or Iy Mr. Pa'n:'”or “o*' or I #,a a )a Maa*.”

T-) our*’) on)*ru*on o *-' :uaran*'' o r''+o o '4(r'))on -a) a;ay) ,''n ;ary o

'n)or)-( or )u,)'


57/92



*'rna*on o on'’) oun*') ) no* n'; ony *o a;. #* -a) a;ay) ,''n a (-o)o(-a(ro,'a*E(-a)) n *-' or:na?

Maru)' )u::')*) *-a* *-' +'ora* ar:u'n* — ;*- a o(non) (r')'n*'+ *o an+ +','ra*'+ ,y

*-' ('o(' — “(') a n''))ary on+*on na'y *-a* *-' ('o(' u)* ,' a(a,' o +','ra*n:an+ -oo)n: on *-' ,a)) o no;'+:' *-a* *-'y u)* -a6' a')) *o au*-'n* nora*on an+

*-a* on *-) ,a)) *-'r '6aua*on u)* ,' *-' r')u* o au*onoou) *-ou:-*.”278 "' )u,*) *-a*

“I+'r'n* o(non) an+ ‘(-o)o(-')’an no on:'r o('*' ('a'uy or a+-'r'n' an+ ('r)ua)on

on ra*ona :roun+)@ *-' ‘ar'*(a' o +'a)’) or:an'+ an+ +'*'+ ,y *-o)' ;-o +'*'rn' *-'

na*ona an+ *-' n+6+ua n*'r')*.”27L

A )an* *o;ar+ '* an')*) ro -) ,'' *-a* “*-'r' ) a ‘na*ura r:-*’o r'))*an' or o((r'))'+an+ o6'r(o;'r'+ nor*') *o u)' '4*ra':a 'an) *-' ':a on') -a6' (ro6'+ *o ,'

na+'


58/92

278 7d. a* (. L5.

27L 7d. a* (. 110.

280 7d. a* (. 11.

281 See Jo)-ua Co-'n8reedom of Expression n To'ra*on@ an Eu)6' r*u' (. 17 >1LL?.

282 7d. a* (. 183.

108



;-'n *a'n *o:'*-'r (ro+u' ,a)') or a )y)*' o )*rn:'n* (ro*'*on) or '4(r'))6' ,'r*'). 28=

Many ':a )-oar) +)u)) *-' n*'r')* an+ 6au' o '4(r'))6' ,'r*'). Ju)*' %ran+') (ro(o)'+

*-a*“(u, +)u))on ) a (o*a +u*y.”283 Ca)) Su)*'n (a'+ (o*a )(''- on *-' u(('r *'r o -)*;oH*'r o+' or r''+o o '4(r'))on *-u) ;arran*n: )*rn:'n* (ro*'*on.285 "' +'Bn'+ (o*a

)(''- a) “,o*- n*'n+'+ an+ r''6'+ a) a on*r,u*on *o (u, +','ra*on a,ou* )o' ))u'.”28

%u* *-) ) u)uay r'a*'+ a)o *o ar a')) *o o((or*un*') or )u- ,'r*').287 $ar a')) *o

o((or*un*y ) )u::')*'+ *o 'an )u,)*an*6' '


59/92

'+a o ouna*on or nora*on a :ran*) )('a (r6':') or on'))on) :ran*'+ ,y *-'Go6'rn'n* or any )u,+6)on a:'ny or n)*ru'n*a*y *-'r'o nu+n: any :o6'rn'n*Ho;n'+or Hon*ro'+

_______________

2L1 See Jo-n A. Po;'orlds Apart Reconcilin' 8reedom of Speech and E1uality 85 /. &. J. L50H51 >1LLH1LL7?.

2L2 7d. a* (. 51.

2L= !smeña v. C!"ELEC supra no*' 21 a* (. 705 (. 378.

2L3 7d. a* (. 702 (. 31.

2L5 7d. a* (. 70 (. 37.

2L 7d. a* ((. 71=H713 (. 37=.

110



or(ora*on or *) )u,)+ary. Such supervision or re'ulation shall aim to ensure e1ual opportunity3time3 and space3 and the ri'ht to reply3 includin' reasona%le3 e1ual rates therefor3 for pu%licinformation campai'ns and forums amon' candidates in connection with the o%&ective of holdin' free3orderly3 honest3 peaceful3 and credi%le elections. >E(-a)) )u(('+?

Ar*' ### S'*on 1S'*on 1. T-' Con'ress shall 'ive hi'hest priority *o *-' 'na*'n* o 'a)ur') *-a* (ro*'* an+'n-an' *-' r:-* o a *-' ('o(' *o -uan +:n*y reduce )oa 'ono an+ politicaline1ualities an+ r'o6' u*ura n'E(-a)) )u(('+?Ar*' ## S'*on 2

S'*on 2. T-' S*a*' )-a :uaran*'' e1ual access to opportunities for pu%lic service an+ (ro-,*(o*a +yna)*') a) ay ,' +'Bn'+ ,y a;. >E(-a)) )u(('+?

T-u) n *-')' a)') ;' -a6' ano;'+:'+ *-' Con)**u*on’) :uaran*'' or or' )u,)*an*6''4(r'))6' r''+o) *-a* *a' '


60/92

An+ )n' )o any (on+'ra,') ay a'* *-' ou*o' o ''*on) — 1L1L?.

113

O&. 737 JANUAR/ 21 201511=


an+ *-'r',y ‘'


61/92

#n a* “Ion)*rann: *-o)' ;-o -a6' un+) or -a6' ,''n a,' *o ra)' un+) +o') no* 'a)' *-' (:-*

o *-o)' ;*-ou* un+) n *-' Br)* (a' . . . Ian+ '6'n on'’) an on'rn ) )o;n: *-' nr'a)' n(o*a o)*) * ay ,' or' ''*6' *o r'y on ar'* or') *o a-'6' *-a* r')u* *-an on a*6'

':a n*'r6'n*on.”=0L Aor+n: *o "'r,'r* A'4an+'r “I*o o((o)' *a*on) ) no* n''))ary *o

ar:u' *-a* *-' )y’) *-' * I,'a

Documents

Diocese of Bacolod v Comelec Full