DIN Deutsches Institut für Normung e. V. © 2008 DIN e. V. Standardization Strategy 4th International Workshop on Conformity Assessment Painel 1 Siglinde

DIN Deutsches Institut für Normung e. V.

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Standardization Strategy

4th International Workshop on Conformity AssessmentPainel 1

Siglinde KaiserDIN e.V.

Rio de Janeiro 2008-12-08


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Contents

DIN The German Institute of Standardization

Standardization Strategies

The Context of Standardization in Germany


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DIN Deutsches Institut für Normung e.V.

Registered non-profit association

1700 members representing industry, the state, trade unions, academia, consumer organizations, environmental agencies, the professions, banking and insurance

Acting as facilitator and moderator of standards work for the benefit of German industry and the German economy as a whole


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Membership of DIN

By size of company

670

375

250

420

Up to 100 employees

101 - 500 employees

More than 1.000employees

501 - 1.000 employees


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Membership of DIN

By origin

Motorindustry

5%

Services13%

Electricity supplies4%

Chemicalindustry 4%

Construction 3%

Medical, measurement and control technology; optics

6%Rubber and synthetic materials

4%

Mining and energy 4%

Metal15%

Electrical industry5%

Mechanicalengineering

27%

Other10%


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Short History of ….

1917 Founded as not-for-profit association to develop

standards for the German industry 1918

First German standard being published 1920

sign registered as mark 1951

DIN member of ISO 1975

Contract between DIN and German government

"Standardization is a difficult matter.Stakeholders very often do not fight for technical

reasons, but more often for economic ones."

Waldemar Hellmich, 1917(first chair of the German standards body

for General Mechanical Engineering)


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The Framework of Standardization in Germany

Based on an agreement with the Federal Republic of Germany, DIN has been the responsible German standards body in European and international standards work since 1975

National

Regional

Inter-national

German Institute for Standardization

Sectors

Engineering Construction Services Information

technology

Aerospace Medical

technology Precision

engineering …

Electrotechnology Telecommunica-

tions


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9Figures as of 2007

24%

16%

8%

52%

Funding by industrylinked to projects

Income from publishing andother business activities

Membership fees

Public funding linked to projects

Financing of DIN


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Structure of DIN

Director of DINDr. Bahke

CommercialWelina

Deputy Director of DIN

StandardizationGaub

Management Board

General Assembly

Presidial Board

President1st Vice President2nd Vice PresidentDirector

HartingKempkesProf. Dr. HenneckeDr. Bahke

German conformityassessment council Dr. Bahke

Presidial committees

FOCUS-ICT Prof . Dr. Steusloff

Special committee forresearch , innovation and development

Prof . Dr. Steusloff

Prof. Dr . Maier

Election committee

Consumer council

Presidial committees

N. ZimmermannStandards

inspection office

StaudtFinance

committee

Prof . Dr. Maier

Managementcentral functions

Swierczyna

Technical coordinationstandardizationFr. Dr. Bohnsack

Innovation and standardization

Marquardt

Internationalcooperation

Ziethen

IT-ManagementDr. Strauß


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Standardization as Joint Responsibility

Democratic legitimacy of standardization relies on the involvement of all stakeholders

Standardization

Industry SME

Consumers Experts

Test institutes

Businesses The State

Commerce

Research

Trades


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DIN is a Facilitator in the Standardization Process

DIN as recognized NSB acts as a project manager in standards work acts as a service provider for its customers runs the secretariats in international committees ensures that technical rules are uniform and

consistent involves all stakeholders, regardless of their

economic strength or foreign language skills nationally adopts international and all European

standards avoids duplication in standards work takes an active role in consensus-building


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Organisation of Standards Work at DIN

Work done by External experts 25.924

Active in Commissions acting as Advisory Boards

to the Director 4 Standards Committees 74

Organized in Working committees 3.219

Resulting in Annual meetings in 2007 4.191 DIN Standards published in 2007 2.442 Draft DIN Standards published in 2007 4.540


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Delegation and Expertise at CEN and ISO Levels

Secretariats held by DIN European TC level 84 (of 275) European SC level 28 (of 85) European WG level 353 (of 1418)

Secretariats held by DIN ISO TC level 34 (of 201) ISO SC level 99 (of 542) ISO WG level 378 (of 2287)

Delegates presenting national perspectives and acting as mandated by the national mirror committee

Experts enhancing the knowledge of a working group with their respective expertise

DIN Structure

Mirrorcommittee

CEN / ISO TechnicalCommittees

WorkingGroup

Delegate

Expert


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Cooperation of DIN in 2008

Japan

Korea

China

Albania

GUSUkraine

IndiaEgyptGabon Lebanon

Serbia

Montenegro

Azerbaijan

Bilateral cooperation

Technical cooperation projects

Morocco

SADC

Brazil


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International Cooperation - Examples

Bilateral agreement of cooperation betweenDIN and ABNT

Focus on standardization, conformity assessment, information management

Specific interests in joint initiatives in the area ofbio fuels

DIN associate member of COPANT Networking Opening of new markets for German economy


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German Economy Depending Strongly on Export

Old Europe… trade barriers everywhere in European economy…


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New Europe: The European Single Market

Based on the New Approach concept EU Council resolution to technical harmonization and

standardization May 7, 1985 Result:

Free trade throughout the EuropeanEconomic Area with a total populationof more than 480 million

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CEN/CENELEC Full Members (30)

CEN/CENELEC Affiliates

as of March 2008Map: www.data2map.de


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The New Approach: The Concept

Directives: European Directives set out basic requirements for

specific sectors

Standards: European Standards give substance to these basic

requirements and provide technical solutions

Conformity: Implementation of European Standards implies

conformity with European Directives.


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Fundamental Changes in Standardization

1984: 80 % of published standards were national in origin

2007: more than 80 % of published standards are European or international in origin

Tot

al n

umb

er o

f na

tiona

l sta

nda

rds

Total number ofEuropean standards

150.000

18.000

Before 1985 2007

Total number ofnational standards

across Europe


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European Standardization

Ensuring free trade and an effective European Single Market

Helping to protect consumer and environment interests Developing harmonized standards under mandates of

the EC Relying on a standstill policy among members:

During work on a European Standard, and after its publication, CEN/CENELEC members agree not to publish national standards which are not in line with it

This policy aims to prevent any situation occurring during preparation or after publication of a standard which could impair or undermine harmonization


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The New Approach and Mandated Standards

0

2.000

4.000

6.000

8.000

10.000

12.000

14.000

16.000

18.000

20.000

2003 2004

Of whichhave beenmandated

EuropeanStandards

20011999199719951993

No special designation, except for a note in the Foreword Include an additional informative annex, referring to the

relevant EU Directive Mandated standards must be announced with number

and title in the EU Official Journal


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DIN Standards by Origin (in %)

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

19

86

19

87

19

88

19

89

19

90

19

91

19

92

19

93

19

94

19

95

19

96

19

97

19

98

19

99

20

00

20

01

20

02

20

03

20

04

20

05

20

06

20

07

DIN EN DIN ISO and DIN IEC DIN Standards of German origin

Today, most German standards originate at European level


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The Impact of Standardization in Germany

Standardization in Germany generates an economic benefit of 16 billion Euros a year

Standards support and facilitate technological development and evolution

Standards create new markets Economic growth is strongly influenced by standards

Patents 3,0 % Labor 6,0 %

Capital 48,5 %Standards 27,3 %

Licenses 15,2 %

Reference: DIN Deutsches Institut für Normung e.V. (2000), Gesamtwirtschaftlicher Nutzen der Normung


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The German High-Tech Strategy

Goal: Creating optimum conditions for future innovations and promoting their marketability

Research and innovation to be more closely interlinked with standardization

Cross-departmental implementation of the Strategy so as to lead Germany to the top of the world’s most important markets of the future

Turning Germany into the world’s most research-active nation by 2020

Opening up new markets, developing existing markets into lead markets

Standardization anchored in the political agenda of the Federal Government and forming part of the coalition agreement of the current government


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The German Standardization Strategy

Goals 1: Standardization secures Germany‘s position as a leading

industrial nation 2: Standardization as a strategic instrument supports a

successful society and economy 3: Standardization as an instrument of deregulation 4: Standardization and standards bodies promote

technological convergence 5: Standards bodies provide efficient procedures

and tools


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Potentials of Standardization

Standardization is a strategic instrument of competition Standards strengthen competitiveness Standards create new markets

Standards contribute to deregulation Standards takes loads off government and economy

Standards contribute to vitalization of markets for innovative products

Standards support and drive technological developments

Flexible standardization processes support areas with high innovation potential


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Potentials of Standardization

Companies participating in standardization realize cost and competitive advantages

25% of companies(1) have participated in standardization to prevent government regulation

36% of these realized large to very large cost savings

Influence on the contents of a standard

Synergy effects and formation of strategic alliances

(1) Survey realized in 2000


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Business StrategyPatents, company standards, standards

ConsortiumStandards

Strategic Alliance

In-house Development

Formal Standards Approach

Patent Company Standard

Industry Standard

PAS Formal Standard(ISO, EN, …)

Private Property

Private Property

Public Property

one supplierclosed technology

monopoly

several suppliersclosed technology

oligopoly

many suppliersopen, transparent technology

competition on basis of quality, price, function


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Set a standard using position on the market Chances: capture the market ! Examples: Keyboards (QWERTZ and QWERTY), “Microsoft

is a Standard” Risks: financial capacity

Set a standard through combined industry effort Chances: Market Leadership or large shares of the market Examples: Quality Labels (RAL) Risks: Competition of different consortia, raise of costs for

transaction and for participation in several consortia Set a standard using a formal standardization approach

Chances: sustainable result, worldwide availability, transparency of systems, safe investment

Examples: ISO 9000 Risks: competition in quality, costs, services; costs for

participation, long process of negotiation


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Criteria for Forms and Timing of Standardization

Time

Deg

ree

of c

onse

nsus

Innovationnew productnew process

Development Process

Readiness for marketInvestment protection

100%

Company standard, patent(individual company)

Industry standard(circle of companies with restricted access)

Specification(public access, developed with a formal

standards organization)

Formal Standard(public access, developed with a formal

standards organization)


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Evaluation and Assessment of Potential

Assessment of specific standardization potential

Need of standardization

Definition of area / sector

Subject of Standard

Analysis of existing standards

Assessment of context

Assessment of area / sector

Definition of goals, intention,purpose, objective

Participants

Level of standardizationType of Standard

Scope of Standard


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Third-class businesses make products;

(Chinese proverb)

Second-class businesses develop technologies;

First-class businesses set standards.


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Siglinde KaiserDipl.-Ing.

DIN Deutsches Institutfür Normung e. V.

R&D Phase Standardization Burggrafenstr. 6International Consultation 10787 BerlinServices Mailing address:

10772 Berlinhttp://www.ebn.din.de

Telefon: +49 (30) 2601-2047 E-Mail [email protected] Telefax: +49 (30) 2601-1738

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DIN Deutsches Institut für Normung e. V. © 2008 DIN e. V. Standardization Strategy 4th International Workshop on Conformity Assessment Painel 1 Siglinde