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Lesson IntroductionLesson IntroductionLesson IntroductionLesson IntroductionLesson Introduction

Dear StudentsDear StudentsDear StudentsDear StudentsDear Students

The word Vazthu (invocation) has several meanings inour Thamizh language such as felicitating wish or praise andenumerating the qualities etc., Here, in this lesson, the invocationhas been presented in the context of Praise.

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This lesson titled Children and Education is presentedin the conversation form (one to one interaction). The mentaland physical health of the child labourers is explained in thislesson. The agony of loss of education is also mentioned here.The interaction starts focusing on a child labourer namedKadhirvelan.


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VARUNANAI means describing the sequence of incidentsbeautiful. This is also known as PUNAINDHURAI or Decorativenarration. The word PUNAITHAL means decorating. Depictinganything in a decorative style is known as VARUNANAI orPUNAINDHURAI.

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Dear Students

You might have listened to a few folk songs in Films.

You may known the folk songs sung in the rural areas such asTHALATTU (LULLUBY) and OPPARI (LYRICS OF CONDOLENCE).

Folk songs of this type are known as gypsy lyrics and ruralodes. Since these types of song are not in written form but arelearnt or handed down through mere listening; they are also knownas ORAL LITERATURE. These songs have been sung since theancient days.

Over the years, people have collected such folk songs as the

THALATTU (LULLUBY), OPPARI (LYRICS OF CONDOLENCE), NATTUVALAM (WEALTH OF A NATION), VAZHIPADU (PRAYER), VEETTU NIGAZHCHIGAL (VARIOUS HAPPENINGS AT HOME), THOZHILGAL (OCCUPATIONS), THOZHILALAR NILAIMAI (CONDITIONS OF THE WORKERS), KAADHAL (Which means LOVE) etc.

A greater use of colloquial words and slang is quite common in folksongs than in other songs. The folk songs are sweet and simple.

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Lesson Introduction

News is published in NAALEDU. As NAAL means DAY and YEDU means

PAPER, NAALEDU refers to dailies. DINAMANI, DHINA THANTHI, DHINA

MALAR, MALAI MURASU and MALAIMALAR are some of the newspapers in

Tamil. News is broadcast both through Radio and Television.

- - - - -

NEWSNEWSNEWSNEWSNEWS . (NNNNNorth) (EEEEEast), (WWWWWest), (SSSSSouth) N-E-W-S . (New) news .

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out-skirt of a city, suburb.3. - / heavy rain4. - / routine life5. -

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belonging to the Central Railways7. - / the functioning of

trains8. - / rail service9. -

/ press release.10. - / sewage pit11. - / the

quantum of rain recorded (in place)12. -

/ Department of Meteorology.

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Lesson Introduction

Dear Students,

Listen to the introductory part of this lesson before learning it. Then read it

with comprehension. This is an abridged version of DEEPANGAL, one of the short

stories extracted from the collection of short stories compiled by Malaysian writers

and titled VERUM VAZHVUM, The 43 stories in this collection have been compiled

by Mr.Sy.Bir Mohammed. Mr.Anbuchelvan is the author of the story DEEPANGAL.

Mr.Sy.Bir Mohammed acclaims that Mr.Anbuchelvan has won many awards and

golden citations.

Ismail is one of the characters in DEEPANGALwho had migrated to Malaysia

(which was Malaya when the story was written.) This short story depicts Ismailss

expectations and struggle in his life. The story ends with a note by Tamil Nadu,Tamils

on the Malaysian Tamils.


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= ; sorrow,grief

= () ;concealing the grief.

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= . .A space measuring fivefeet width, in the footpath infront ofthe shops; Vendorssell their articles inthis place frommorning to evening.

= ; notable to long last.

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= having got caught;

= fine,

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= ; not well

= , ; intensefever

= taking leave ( is the transliterated formof the English word leave)

= transliterated form ofthe English word dispensary

= medicines; mixture and tablet

= injection

= ; distress; mental agony( = mental agony (that cannot be ) expressed)

= ; hiding

= , dustingthe mat and spreading it on the floor

74 74 74 74 74

= consciousness

= Ismail did not see the day break i.e. Ismail expired

= objective / aim or ambition = The place around Mount Road area (in

Chennai) ( is the transliteratedversion of the English form MOUNTROAD) now it is called as Anna Saalai.

= ticket

= , ; ;spoken Tamil usage, equivalent written Tamilusage is that (he)has no (money) to spend

= . / : he is gifted or blessed (in his life)

= matinee show of a movie

= enthused, encouraged

= ; ( - ) Rubbertree (- a Malay word)

=====

. : . ( ). ( ).Agents who muster people for jobs in Ma-laysia use, such a captivating phrase. Theliteral meaning of the sentence is: the rub-ber trees yield/bear money as fruits (andhence you come to Malaysia to take jobs inrubber plantation etc.)


= ; lamp

= put off

= ( ) ; a corpse without a person toconduct the funeral.

= ., : ;Malaesian Tamil usage. meaning: burial ground

:::::

.

8. ?() () () ()

: : : : : ()

9. . ?

() , .

() , .

() , .

: : : : : ()

10. ?

() .() () : : : : : ()

76 76 76 76 76

- - - - -

1. , .

2. .

3. .

4.

5. .

6. ,

7. .

8. .

9. .

10. .

11. .

12. .

13. .

14.

15. .

16. .

17. .

18. .

19. .

20. .

21. .


22. , ... .

23. .

24. . . .

25. .... .

26. , . . .. .

27. - .

28. !

.

1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2

1. ()

2. ()

3. ()

78 78 78 78 78

4. () .

5. ()

6. ()

7. () ,

8. ()

1 - ; 2 - ; 3 - ; 4 - ;5 - ; 6 - 7 - ; 8 -

1. , .

2. .

3. .

4.

5. .

6. ,

7. .

8. .


9. .

10. .

11. .

12. .

13. .

14.

15. .

16. .

17. .

18. .

19. .

20. .

21. .

22. , ... .

23. .

24. . . .

25. .... .

26. , . . .. .

80 80 80 80 80

27. - .

28. !

. . .

.

. . . . ?

.

.

++++++++++ .

. :

. .


. . .

.

.

, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , . .

----- ----- ----- ----- -----

, , ,, , ,, , ,, , ,, , ,, , , , , .

.

, , , , , .

, , , , , .

82 82 82 82 82

, , , , , , , , , , .

, , , , , , , , , , . . .

.

.

. . .

. .

1 .1 .1 .1 .1 . .....

- - - - -

:::::

- - - - -


2.2 .2 .2 .2 . . . . . .

1. -------- (/ ) .2. ---------- (/ )3. ------------(/) .4. -------- (/ ).

::::: , , ,

84 84 84 84 84

- 7. - 7. - 7. - 7. - 7.

, . ! . ( ) . . 1/4/2001 .

, .

Lesson Introduction

Short stories, about a page in length are usually published in weeklies.

This lesson EVERYTHING HAS GONE is written by Mr.Deviganesh. The

story goes that a good number of people who have deposited and lost their

savings in fake finance investment companies are suffering in Tamilnadu.

An attempt has been made in the story to expose the traits and trials of

humanity.

Colloquial language and certain English words that are commonly

used in day-to-day life occur in the Story.

-1- -1- -1- -1- -1-

.

( ) . ! . .


. . . . ...

. , ! . . . . , !. ... ... ... ... ... ...

= , .,Lockup or close an Institution or Industry

= . deposit .

= . company .

= - , .,market .

= ., moment

= , .put on the shirt etc.,

86 86 86 86 86

= ., without control.

= ; wail, scream in a heart breaking manner

= contemptible persons, wretched men,sinners

= , ., little bylittle.

= ., save

= ., any one, = if get cheated,

= ., speak without showing respect.

= ., to face

= ., cry out in grief

= ., unluckyperson

= , sea of grief., .

= ()., haughtiness

= transliteration of the English wordGovernment Bank,

= ( ) , deceive

= ., hurtfulremarks


1. ?

() () ()

: : : : : ()2. ?

() () ()

: : : : : ()

3. ?

() () ()

: : : : : ()

4. ?

() () ()

: : : : : ()

-2 - -2 - -2 - -2 - -2 -

. , . . ... , . ... ... . ?``.... ...! , . ... !

88 88 88 88 88

?! ...? . . ! . ... ... , .? .

= ., becomes slackened

= ., in a grieved tone = ,

., It pains the mind / heart

= , ., It pains the mind / heart

= ,

= curse

5. . . . . ?() () ()

: : : : : ()

6. . ?

() () () : : : : : ()


- - - - -

( ) . ! . . . . . . ... . , ! . . . . , !. ... ... ... ... ... ...

. , . . ... ,. ... ... . ? ``.... ...! , . ... ! ?! ...? . . ! . ... ... , .? .

90 90 90 90 90

1. , ?

() () ()

: : : : : ()

2. ?

() () ()

: : : : : ()

3. ?

() () ()

: : : : : ()

4. ?

()

()

()

: : : : : ()

- - - - -

( ) . ! . .


. . . . ... . , ! . . . . , !. ... ... ... ... ... ...

. , . . ... ,. ... ... . ? ``.... ...! , . ... ! ?! ...? . . ! . ... ... , .? .

- - - - -

( ) . ! . . . . . . ...

92 92 92 92 92

. , ! . . . . , !. ... ... ... ... ... ...

. , . . ... ,. ... ... . ? ``.... ...! , . ... ! ?! ...? . . ! . ... ... , .? .

, . , ( ) . - .


deposit company market /office government bank

, , .

.

(-)

, , , , , , , , , , . .

.

, , , , , . ( ). .

94 94 94 94 94

.

. . . . .

. .

.

, , , , , , , , , , .

, .

, , , , , , , , , , .

1 .1 .1 .1 .1 . .....

1. ----------(/) .

2. ------------ (/) .


3. ----------(/ ) .

: , , : , , : , , : , , : , ,

2.2 .2 .2 .2 . . . . . .

- - -

:::::

- - -

96 96 96 96 96

- 8. - 8. - 8. - 8. - 8. () () () () ()

() . . . , , .

. .

Lesson Introduction

Dear Students!

A poem (a song) always carries a message. Many poetic verses may be

combined to deliver a theme or a part of a story. When a string of verses are

combined to narrate a story, it is called continuous poetry. The great epics Ramayana,

Mahabharatha and Silappathikaram belong to this category of continuous poetry.

Asia Jyothi is a continuous poetry which gives us the history of Lord

Buddha. From this great work, some verses selected from the section titled, Bud-

dha and the poor little boy have been given in the form of a lesson here.

. . LIGHT OF ASIALIGHT OF ASIALIGHT OF ASIALIGHT OF ASIALIGHT OF ASIA .

. . , , .


. . , . - 1876 . - . . , , , . - 1954 .

. . . . .

. . . . , .

. . .

= + = + ; = + = + = + = +

98 98 98 98 98

= + = + = + = + = + = + = + = +

- - - - -

. . . . . 11111

- - - - -

- - - - - . . . . . 22222

- - - - -

- - - - - 33333

- - - - -

- - - - - . . . . . 44444

- - - - - ! ! ! ! !

- - - - - . . . . . 55555

- - - - -

, , , , , 66666


- - - - -

- - - - - ? ? ? ? ? 77777

- - - - - ! ! ! ! !

- - - - - ! ! ! ! ! 88888

- - - - - ! ! ! ! !

- - - - - ! ! ! ! ! 99999

- - - - - ; ; ; ; ;

- - - - - ! ! ! ! ! 10 10 10 10 10

, .

, ; , ? .

, ; ; , .

, , , .

100 100 100 100 100

, ! , . , ! , ! ! .

, , ; , .

: : : : :

! , ?

? ? !

! !

! , .

[ , , ; ].

! ; .


: : : : :

= ( )

= = ( ) = = = (

). = = = = = () = (

) , . = = = () = = = = = = = = ()

: : : : :

, , .

: : : : :

! ,

,

102 102 102 102 102

- - - - -

! ! ! ! !

.

1. : : : : :

2. - :2. - :2. - :2. - :2. - :

+ + + +

3. - :3. - :3. - :3. - :3. - :

+ + + +


4. :4. :4. :4. :4. :

. . . . . . .

. . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

5 .5 .5 .5 .5 . : : : : :

. . . . . . .

. - . . . . . . .

. . . . . . .

. . . . . . . !

. . . . . . .

6. :6. :6. :6. :6. :

1). - . . 1). - . . 1). - . . 1). - . . 1). - . .

() () () ()

2). 2). 2). 2). 2). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

() () () ()

104 104 104 104 104

3). 3). 3). 3). 3). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

() () () ()

7. 7. 7. 7. 7. . . . . . . . . . .

.

1 ------------------1 ------------------1 ------------------1 ------------------1 ------------------ 2 ------------------2 ------------------2 ------------------2 ------------------2 ------------------3 ------------------3 ------------------3 ------------------3 ------------------3 ------------------ 4 ------------------4 ------------------4 ------------------4 ------------------4 ------------------

8. 8. 8. 8. 8. : : : : :

- - - - - ; ; ; ; ;

- - - - -

. . . . . . . .

() () ()

1. 1. 1. 1. 1. - - ; - ; -; -

2. 2. 2. 2. 2. - +


3.3.3.3.3. - +

4 .4 .4 .4 .4 . : : : : :

() () ()

5.5 .5 .5 .5 . : : : : :

() ()() . . . . .() () ()

6 .6 .6 .6 .6 . : : : : :

() () ()

7 .7 .7 .7 .7 .

1. 2. 3. 4.

8 .8 .8 .8 .8 . : : : : :

106 106 106 106 106

- 9. - 9. - 9. - 9. - 9.

. .

( ) , . + = , , . ( ) . .

, , , , .

. , , . 133 . 1330 .

.

Lesson Introduction

Valluvar refers Thiruvalluvar. He wrote Thirukkural.

Thirukkural is honoured with the titles moral values of Tamilians and Uni-

versal moral values. Thiru + Kural = Thirukkural. Here thiru means reverence, re-

spect, administration and so on. Kural means couplet (two-line-verse).

As the concept of Thirukkural stand beyond language, caste, religion, and

time, region it is precisely correct to be called Universal Moral Values.

There are three major divisions in Thirukkural. They are Arathuppaal, Porutpaal

and Kaamathuppaal. Thirukkural has 133 chapters having ten couplets each. On the

whole it has 1330 couplets.

The essay, Philosophy of Valluvar, written by Gnani, is given here as a les-

son.


- - - - -

1. .

2. .

3. , .

4. , .

5. ` .

6. .

7. .

8. .

9. .

10. .

11. .

108 108 108 108 108

12. .

13. .

14. () .

15. () .

16. .

17. .

18. .

19. () .

1 .1 .1 .1 .1 . (423)(423)(423)(423)(423)

2 .2 .2 .2 .2 . (355)(355)(355)(355)(355)

3 .3 .3 .3 .3 . (300)(300)(300)(300)(300)

4 .4 .4 .4 .4 . (222)(222)(222)(222)(222)

5 .5 .5 .5 .5 . (46)(46)(46)(46)(46)


6 .6 .6 .6 .6 . (48)(48)(48)(48)(48)

7 .7 .7 .7 .7 . (261)(261)(261)(261)(261)

8 .8 .8 .8 .8 . (619)(619)(619)(619)(619)

9 .9 .9 .9 .9 . (1062)(1062)(1062)(1062)(1062)

10.10.10.10.10. (973)(973)(973)(973)(973)

1. ?

: : : : :

2. ?

: : : : : , .

3. , ?

: : : : :

4. ?

: : : : : .

5. ?

: : : : : .

110 110 110 110 110

-1--1--1--1--1-

1. .

2. .

3. , .

4. , .

5. ` .

6. .

7. .

8. .

9. .

10. .

11. .


= , / , . ,chapter on virtues

= .hundred years,one century

= Clarifications and arguments

= , . , basis

= . , fromwhomsoever

= . , if heard

= .o fwhatever nature

= . , even if

= . , truth

= , . , strength

= , . subtlety

= with firmness and subtlety

= . , hon-est person

= . , wouldnt get

= . , begging

112 112 112 112 112

(-5)

( : 423)( : 423)( : 423)( : 423)( : 423) : : : : :

. .

:::::

= = = = =

:

( : 355)( : 355)( : 355)( : 355)( : 355) : : : : :

, , .

:::::

= =

= = =

.

:::::

( : 300)( : 300)( : 300)( : 300)( : 300)


:::::

, .

:::::

= ( )

=

=

:

( : 169)( : 169)( : 169)( : 169)( : 169)

: : : : :

. .

To men of envious heart, when comes increase of joy, orloss to blameless men, the why will thoughtful hearts employ.

G.U.Pope:::::

=

= = = = ( ;

114 114 114 114 114

1. ?

() , () ,

: : : : : ()

2. ?

() ? ?() ? ?

: : : : : ()

3. ?

() ()

: : : : : ()

4. . . . .

() .

() , .

: : : : : ()

-2- -2- -2- -2- -2-

12. .

13. .


14. , .

15. .

= .ascetic; one who has renounced worldlythings and has taken to spiritual life.

= ,. ; antonym ofhermit or ascetic

= , . , harm, injury = ( )

, . , penance

= . , reward = = . , reward. wages = . , become poor = . , beg = . , (let him) suffer

:::::

( : 46)( : 46)( : 46)( : 46)( : 46):::::

. .

:::::

=

116 116 116 116 116

=

= .

:::::

( : 48)( : 48)( : 48)( : 48)( : 48):::::

, .

:::::

= .

=

=

= .

:::::

( : 261)( : 261)( : 261)( : 261)( : 261)

:::::

.


:::::

= ( ) /

=

= = .

:::::

( : 619)( : 619)( : 619)( : 619)( : 619)

: : : : :

.

:::::

=

=

=

=

:::::

( : 1062)( : 1062)( : 1062)( : 1062)( : 1062)

118 118 118 118 118

: : : : :

, , .

:::::

=

= , =

5. ?()

.

() .

: : : : : ()

6. .. . . . .() ,

() .

: : : : : ()


-3 - -3 - -3 - -3 - -3 -

16. .

17. .

18. .

19. .

= ; even one occupies the higher status

= . , good quality

= persons of lower status = () . , evil quality

=

= . , analyse

= ( ) . , seriousness

= , ., approach

:::::

. . . . .

( : 973)( : 973)( : 973)( : 973)( : 973) : : : : :

() .

120 120 120 120 120

, () .

:::::

= = = = = =

7. ?

()

()

: : : : : ()

: : : : :

/, , , .

!!!!!

- () () () , , , , .

/ , , .

,,,,, .


,,,,, .

, !

///// , ?

, ., ., ., ., .

1. --------- .

2. , ----------- ------------------.

3. , ;--------- --------------- .

4. ------------ ?

5. . -------------- .

6. -------- .

7. . ----------------- .

::::: 1. / 2. . . . . 3. . . . 4. 5. 6. 7.

122 122 122 122 122

- 10. - 10. - 10. - 10. - 10.

. . . . .

Lesson Introduction

Avvaiyar is one of the renowned poets who composed poetry in Tamil lan-

guage. The term Avvaiyar means Elderly Lady. Many women poets with the

name Avvaiyar have lived in Tamil Nadu in the past. Interesting events which had

taken place during their lifetime have been reported. We shall learn about one such

incident here.

- - - - -

. . .

, . . . . . .

. . .


. .

, `` . ! .

, ` ! . .

. . .

= ,hunting

= , mountain, hill

= ,cleft of a rock

= , a type of tree which give medicinalfruit

= , end of the branch = , ripened

= , rare

= , special feature

= , poet

= , worldof Tamils

124 124 124 124 124

= , mind

= , whole heartedly

. . . . .

, . . . . . .

1 .1 .1 .1 .1 . ? ? ? ? ?2.2 .2 .2 .2 . ? ? ? ? ?3 .3 .3 .3 .3 . ? ? ? ? ?4 .4 .4 .4 .4 . ? ? ? ? ?5 .5 .5 .5 .5 . ? ? ? ? ?

:::::

1. .2. .3. .4. .5. .

- - - - -

. . .

, . . . .


. .

. . .

. .

, `` . ! .

, ` ! . .

. . .

1. 1. 1. 1. 1. . . . . .

1. ?

) ) )

: : : : :

2.

) ) )

: : : : :

126 126 126 126 126

3. .) ) ) : : : : :

4.

) ) )

; ; ; ; ;

5. .

) ) )

: : : : :

2. .2. .2. .2. .2. .

- - - - -

:::::

- - - - -


3. 3. 3. 3. 3. . . . . .

:::::

------------- () . () .

1. ------------- () .

2. ------------- () .3. ------------ ()

.

4. ------------ () .

1. 2. 3. 4.

4. 4. 4. 4. 4. . . . . .

1. ------------- (/ )

2. -------------- (/)

3. ------------- (/)

4. ------------- (/ )

5. `` ----------(/) .

:::::

1. .2. .3. .4. .

128 128 128 128 128

5. `` .

5. .5. .5. .5. .5. .

1. .2. . 3. , . 4. 5. .

:::::

1. .2. .3. , .4. .5. .

6. .6. .6. .6. .6. .

1. x 2. x 3. x 4. x 5. x

:::::

1. x 2. x 3. x 4. x 5. x

7. .7. .7. .7. .7. .

1. .(/)2. .(/)3. .(/)4. .(/)5. (/)


1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

8. 8. 8. 8. 8. . . . . .

1. -------------- .

) ) ) .

: : : : :

2. ---------------- .

) ) )

:::::

3. ----------- .

) ) )

:::::

4. ----------- .

) ) )

:::::

130 130 130 130 130

5. -----------!

) ) )

:::::


- 11. - 11. - 11. - 11. - 11.

!

. ; . , , . ; . .

. . , , , . , ; . .

, ., . , . - . , ; ; .

96 . , ,, ,, ,, ,, ,, , , , , , , , , , . ., , .

. , , , , , . .

132 132 132 132 132

! .

Lesson Introduction

Imagine that you are attending a wedding function and participating in the

feast. A variety of dishes with all tastes like Sweet, Sour and Spicy are being served.

You along with others enjoy the feast. This kind of feast with a variety of dishes and

tastes is called Palsuvai Virunthu in Tamil.

Palsuvai Paadalgal

Likewise you have come to learn Tamil Literature. In Tamil Literature you

have a variety of poems to entertain and make you happy. They express various

moods and feelings like anger, happiness, sorrow, love, affection, valour, laughter

etc. and while reading them, you get a mix of these tastes which you enjoy. This

type of poetry is called Palsuvai Paadalgal.

Chitrilakiyangal

During the beginning and end of the 18th century, this type of poems were

written in large numbers. In particular most of Chitrilakiyangal written those days

were of this Palsuvai nature or variety of tastes.

Chitrilakiyangal which stands for Tiny Literature are basically small in size

and meaning. But they give enormous satisfaction and literary thrill to the readers.

There are 96 types of Chitrilakiyaangal. Ulaa, Parani, Pillaithamizh, Pallu and

Kuravanchi are some of them.

Thanippaadalgal

Some of the Thanippaadalgal (or standalone poems) written during this pe-

riod are also of Palsuvai (or of multiple taste) in nature. Kaalamegam, Irattai

Pulavargal, Anthagakavi Veeraragavar are some authors of such poems.

In this lesson we are going to learn about three Palsuvai Paadalgal, two from

the Chitrilakiyaangal, Mukkudal Pallu and Kutraala Kuravanji, and the third from a

Thanippaadal written by Kalamega Pulavar.

Now proceed to the feast of Palsuvai Paadalgal.


- - - - -

. , . . .

. .

, , ,,,,, .

- - - - -

. 176 . 18 .

. , , .

- , .

-----

134 134 134 134 134

! ! ! ! !

! ! ! ! !

- - - - .

( )

- -

( )

- -


- - - - ,

.... - - -

( )

-

-

.

. , .

.

.

. ( = )

.

, .

, .

.

136 136 136 136 136

, .

. - - . .

.

.

. .

. . .

, .

.

; . . ?

-1-1-1-1-1

.

1. ......................................... 2.............................................

3. ........................................ 4. .........................................

5. ...................................... 6. .......................................


1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

-2-2-2-2-2

1. ................................

1. 692. 893. 96

2. ............................... .

1. 2. 3.

3. ................................... .

1. 2. 3.

1. 962. 3.

- - - - -

. . . . . . .

138 138 138 138 138

. , . . . .

. . .

-----

. . . , .

, ( ) .

. . JugglingJugglingJugglingJugglingJuggling . .

-----

- - - - -

-----


- - - - -

-!-!-!-!-!

- - - - -

-----

- - - - -

-!-!-!-!-!

- -

- - (

)

- - - , - - - - - - -

. . ,

140 140 140 140 140

, .

. . , , ; ;.

. . . , .

( - ; . . . - .)

. . ? .

, ( ) .

-1-1-1-1-1

.....

-

-

-

-

-


-

-

-

-

-

-2-2-2-2-2

. . . . .

1. . /2. ./3. . /4. ,

. /5.

. /

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

- - - - -

. , . . .

- - - - -

, . ; !. ,

142 142 142 142 142

.

. . .

-----

.

; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; - ; - ; - ; - ; - . . . . .

; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; - ; - ; - ; - ; - . . . . .

() ; ; ;() ; ; ;() ; ; ;() ; ; ;() ; ; ; ; - ; - ; - ; - ; - . . . . .


1. - 2. -

.

1. - 2. -

. -

1. - 2. -

-

1. - .

2. - , .

- - - -

, .

.

1. 1. 1. 1. 1.

- () . -

144 144 144 144 144

2. 2. 2. 2. 2.

- . .

- .

3. 3. 3. 3. 3.

- . - ()

.

(: , ( ), , , . . .)

4. 4. 4. 4. 4.

- .

- , .

, .


, , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,.....

1. ?2. ?3. ?

1. - .

(: , ( ), , , . . ( ) . .)

2. 2. 2. 2. 2.

= .

.

.

. .

3. 3. 3. 3. 3.

- .

146 146 146 146 146

.

.

.


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. 1912 25 . , .. . . . . .

Dr.M.Varadharajan was born on 25th April 1912 in a small village called

Velam in the North Arcot District. His father was Munusamy and mother Amma

Kannu Ammaiyar. His house hold name was Thiruvengadam. In the early days he

has been working as a clerk in the Thirupathur Taluk Office. Later he has taken up

to the job of Tamil Teacher in the High School in the same town. Because of his

hard work, he has risen to the level of Professor and Head of Tamil Department in

the Madras University. No achievement is impossible with hard work! True to this

fact, the vice Chancellor post of Madurai Kamarajar University, has come to him.

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