Digital Radio Test Set Data Throughput Measurements

Application

Note

7100 Digital Radio Test Set

Data Throughput Measurements

For the very latest specifications visit www.aeroflex.com


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Table of Contents 1. Introducing the 7100 ............................................................................ 3

2. Scope of Application Note ................................................................... 4

3. Equipment Configuration ...................................................................... 5

3.1 Equipment List ............................................................................................. 5

3.2 Hardware Configuration ............................................................................ 7

3.3 Software Configuration .............................................................................. 9

3.3.1 VZAccess Manager ....................................................................... 9

3.3.2 Registry Settings ............................................................................. 10 3.3.3 Iperf and FileZilla ............................................................................ 11

3.3.3.1 Running Iperf on the 7100 ........................................... 11

3.3.3.2 Running Iperf / FileZilla on a 7100 Server PC ......... 11

3.4 Setting up the Device under Test ........................................................... 13

4. Data Throughput Measurements ........................................................ 14

4.1 7100 Parameter Settings (IPv4) .............................................................. 14 4.2 Registering the UE and IP Address Settings ......................................... 20

4.3 Using the 7100 and Iperf to test UDP/TCP capacity ......................... 23

4.4 Using the 7100 and FileZilla to test FTP capacity .............................. 25

4.4.1 Introducing FileZilla ....................................................................... 25 4.4.2 FileZilla Server Settings ................................................................. 26

4.4.3 FileZilla Client Settings .................................................................. 30

4.5 Viewing the Results and Taking Measurements .................................. 33 4.6 Next Steps .................................................................................................... 35

Appendix A .............................................................................................. 36

Additional Tools (optional) ................................................................................. 37

Common Issues & Resolutions .......................................................................... 39

SISO / MIMO Technology Note ........................................................................ 41

Abbreviations ........................................................................................................ 42

Appendix B ............................................................................................... 43

Ordering Information & Post-Sales Support ................................................... 44


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1. Introducing the 7100 The Aeroflex 7100 Digital Radio Test Set is an innovative software defined test platform designed to enable testing of multiple wireless technologies throughout all layers of the protocol stack. Released to support the design and development of LTE mobile devices, it provides all the tools required during the design, development and test

stages of UE chip sets and terminals meeting 3GPP Rel-8 and Rel-9 standards. All the key measurements are provided for characterizing the performance of LTE mobile

devices, both at the radio interface and throughout the protocol stack, including the PDCP and IMS layers.

The 7100 offers two modes of operation to address the specific testing requirements at the different stages in the development of a wireless device for the market.

Development mode is geared towards in-depth sub-layer testing, particularly useful for development of the protocol stack and for debugging integration using scripts for controlling testing procedures. The second mode of operation, Call Box mode,

provides automatic network simulation, simplifying setup and thus reducing complexity and test time during integration testing, regression testing, performance testing, and

pre-conformance testing including RF.

In Call Box mode the 7100 DRTS is capable of simulating an LTE network to test the signaling procedures in the mobile under test. One-button tests such as call setup, call termination and handover can be easily completed with minimal configuration effort.

Using this mode, end-to-end performance can be accurately assessed, along with correct idle mode and connected mode behavior. Performance and application tests

can be readily performed including packet latency, end-to-end throughput measurements, VoIP, peer-to-peer, video on demand, and IMS application tests, among others.

For protocol testing, the Development mode in the 7100 provides three modes to give

the software engineer the ability to fully exercise all aspects of the protocol stack including negative testing, error handling and timeouts as well as normal behavior. The 7100 protocol stack has been designed to allow testing to build up in a logical fashion.

Using this Mode, testing is possible at each sub-layer, for example MAC-to-MAC and RLC-to-RLC, in the absence of the above layers.

The 7100 Digital Radio Test Set has been adopted by RF developers, protocol stack

teams, integration test groups and pre-conformance labs that are developing sub-systems and integrated designs that meet the requirements of the LTE standards. The flexibility of the platform combined with an intuitive touch screen GUI establishes the

7100 as the platform of choice for future wireless test technology.


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2. Scope of Application Note Today, mobile communication encompasses much more than just voice connections: users are browsing the internet, streaming video, shopping on-line, downloading music files, uploading photographs, and finding their way using interactive mapping systems. Being able to measure, and in turn maximize, data throughput rates during the R&D

phase of a device, or network, has never been more important. The market place is highly competitive, and the expectations of end-users are high.

Your 7100 provides all the simulation and measurement tools you need to test and

develop the data throughput of your product prior to market release. You can control and simulate network scenarios in a way that is simply not possible using live networks, allowing you to test your product fully and avoiding leaving your customer to complete

this process for you.

This application note looks at the two most commonly used transport protocols within IP (Internet Protocol) traffic: TCP (Transmission Control Protocol), and UDP (User

Datagram Protocol). UDP is the simpler protocol: it is fast as there is no error checking at the network interface level; it does not require an established connection between programs; and messages are sent as packets of information. However, sending a message using this protocol does not guarantee receipt. In contrast, TCP is connection oriented, and once a connection is established, data can be sent bidirectionally. TCP is

a guaranteed, in-order, stream protocol.

We also look at FTP (File Transfer Protocol) testing in this document; FTP is an application layer protocol, or method, that uses the underlying transport layer protocols

to establish host-to-host connections.

This application note guides you through data throughput testing through the LTE protocol stack, using your 7100 and open-source software Iperf and FileZilla, both of which are commonly used network testing tools. These tools can be used to generate UDP, TCP and FTP data streams, with various parameters being specified by the user. For the purpose of illustration throughout this document, the LG VL600 USB Modem is

shown connected to, and communicating with, your 7100. The note begins by looking at establishing a connection between this device and your 7100.

This application note assumes you are familiar with the following documents:

7100 Software Release Notes for LTE Getting Started with 7100 Digital Radio Test Set

It is recommended that the 7100 is used in Call Box Mode for the testing outlined in

this guide. For alternative approaches, contact your local support service.

This application note relates to 7100 software version 17.1.0.0; the document is under continual review and the latest version can be downloaded from our website www.aeroflex.com.


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3. Equipment Configuration The following equipment is needed to complete the LTE data throughput testing

outlined in this application note.

3.1 Equipment List

Hardware

■ 7100 Digital Radio Test Set

Pre-installed with release 17.1.0.0 (7100_17_1_0_0_DEC09) or later. This can be downloaded from the Customer Download Portal.

Option 102 (7100_102) ‘2x2 MIMO’ must also be enabled.

■ LG VL600 USB Modem (user equipment, or UE)

■ 2 External antenna adapter cables

■ 2 N-type connectors

■ 2 SMA to F-type adapters ■ USB extension adapter cable ■ UE application server (PC)

■ 7100 application server (PC) and Ethernet cable (optional)

■ External RAM-drive (optional – see Appendix A)

Software

■ VZAccess Manager 7.6.4.4

This Verizon connection manager is the software referenced in this application note; it is suitable for all Verizon devices. You may choose to control your UE in other ways.

■ Iperf (open-source)

■ FileZilla (open-source)

Iperf and FileZilla are used here, but there are alternative network testing tools available for generating UDP, TCP and FTP data streams.

■ TCP Optimizer (open-source, optional)

■ Wireshark (open-source, optional)


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Figure 1. Test Equipment


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3.2 Hardware Configuration

Establish the connections shown in figure 2 below:

► Connect the primary antenna of the VL600 to the 7100 RF IN/OUT1 ► Connect the secondary antenna of the VL600 to the 7100 RF IN/OUT2

► Connect the USB port of the VL600 to the UE PC

► Connect the Ethernet port of the 7100 to its server PC For some test scenarios, this final connection is an optional addition. See below

for further information.

Figure 2. Hardware Configuration

The 7100 Server PC is optionaloptionaloptionaloptional when testing using iperf, as this network tool

can be run directly on the 7100 itself. However, you should be aware that in doing this, throughput levels are reduced as CPU capacity is partly consumed by the iperf data generation functions. Under high throughput conditions this may prove to be a limiting factor.

In contrast, FileZilla should not be run on the 7100 itself, but mustmustmustmust be installed on a separate application server. Installing such a third party FTP server on the 7100 interrupts the native Microsoft FTP server, which is used for internal operations.

The setup illustrated above allows for either SISO or MIMO testing. For the purpose of this application note, we consider MIMO operation. See Appendix A for further explanation.


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Figure 3. Setup Schematic

Network Bridge

Internal uTCA Module

10.10.10.10

LAN1 LAN2 LAN3

7100710071007100

UEUEUEUE

10.10.10.9

UE Controller PCUE Controller PCUE Controller PCUE Controller PC (if required)

10.10.10.9

Server PCServer PCServer PCServer PC

LAN1

10.10.10.5

LAN2

x.x.x.x

Servic

es In

/Out

E.g

. Vid

eo

, V

oic

e, IP

ER

F, T

TP

Servic

es In

/Out

E.g

. Vid

eo

, V

oic

e, IP

ER

F, T

TP

Bridge Details

IP: 10.10.10.1

Mask: 255.255.255.255

IPv4 Driver


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3.3 Software Configuration

3.3.1 VZAccess Manager

Install VZAccess Manager on the UE PC. The VL600 should be detected by VZAccess Manager.

Figure 4. VZAccess Manager


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3.3.2 Registry Settings refer to Appendix A for more details

To adjust TCP/IP settings for optimum performance for a given bandwidth, you can use TCP OptimizerTCP OptimizerTCP OptimizerTCP Optimizer. Note that the relevant settings on the 7100, the UE PC, and the 7100 server PC if in use, should be identical.

Download TCP Optimizer onto the 7100, the UE PC, and the 7100 server PC as required. You can find more information on how to use this network tool in Appendix A.

The same parameters can also be set directly in Windows using the registry editor 'regedit'; however, this should only be done by experienced engineers who are familiar with such tasks, as the running of Windows can be adversely

affected. As an example, the settings given below are optimized for 70 Mbps data throughput:

Parameter Setting

TcpWindowSize 256960256960256960256960 (Decimal)

Tcp1323Opts 1111

GlobalMaxTcpWindowSize 256960 256960 256960 256960 (Decimal)


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3.3.3 Iperf and FileZilla

3.3.3.1 Running Iperf on the 7100 Download iperf on to the 7100 and the UE PC; iperf runs between two hosts,

with one set as a client and the other one as a server.

3.3.3.2 Running Iperf / FileZilla on a 7100 Server PC Connect the 7100 to a server PC, if you have not already done so.

Download iperf on to both server PCs; iperf runs between two hosts, with one

set as a client and the other one as a server. Download and install FileZilla on to both server PCs. See section 4.4 Using the 7100 and FileZilla to test FTP capacity for further details.

You now need to establish a communication link between your 7100 and its server PC.

Note: uTCA connection: LAN1 Rear Ethernet: LAN2 Front Ethernet: LAN3

uTCA is an internal connection on the 7100. It appears in the Windows

Network Connections.

WARNING: WARNING: WARNING: WARNING: When changing registry settings, as in the following instructions, execute When changing registry settings, as in the following instructions, execute When changing registry settings, as in the following instructions, execute When changing registry settings, as in the following instructions, execute commands precisely: errors can adversely affect the running of Windows.commands precisely: errors can adversely affect the running of Windows.commands precisely: errors can adversely affect the running of Windows.commands precisely: errors can adversely affect the running of Windows.


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1) On both the 7100 and its server PC, make the following registry changes:

To access the windows registry, launch the registry editor GUI:

<Start>

<Run>

Type ‘regedit’

Now change the following parameter from ‘0’ to ‘1’:

HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\Tcpip\

Parameters\IPEnableRouter 1111

2) On the 7100, clear the static IP settings for LAN1. This setting can be found

in:

<Windows Control Panel>

<Network Connections>

► Right click on the LAN1 connection and select ‘Properties’. ► Select ‘Internet Protocol (TCP/IP)’ and click on ‘Properties’.

► In the new pop up window ensure ‘Obtain an IP address automatically’ is selected.

► Press OK.

3) Staying in ‘Network Connections’, select LAN1 and LAN2/3 and create a

Network Bridge as follows:

► Select uTCA & either Front or Rear LAN Connection, as appropriate.

Hold down the CTRL button on the keyboard to select multiple items. ► Right click and select ‘Bridge Connection’ from the pop-up window. ► Assign the Bridge a static IP of 10.10.10.1 with mask of 255.255.255.0

Once created, the Network Bridge appears as another connection.

4) Add a route from the 7100 to its Server PC by typing the following two

commands at the command prompt on the 7100:

route delete 0.0.0.0

route add –p 0.0.0.0 mask 0.0.0.0 10.10.10.5


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5) You can verify that any given route is present in the Routing Table by typing

‘route print’ at the command prompt.

6) Registry settings on the 7100 server PC should be in line with those set on

the 7100 and the UE PC in section 3.3.2 Registry Settings.

3.4 Setting up the Device under Test

The LG VL600 should be unlocked for the USIM under test (Aeroflex USIM in this case). Contact your USIM provider if you are experiencing problems.


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4. Data Throughput Measurements

4.1 7100 Parameter Settings (IPv4) This section explains how to set the relevant parameters on your 7100.

1) Power up the 7100. The currently active software loads automatically; it takes a few minutes. If you have closed the software earlier in order to change network parameters, for example, then re-launch the software using

the shortcut provided on the desktop.

2) Select ‘Mode’ from the top left-hand side of the screen, and then from the

buttons on the top left corner of the screen (see figure 5 below) select:

<Protocol >

<Call Box Mode>

Figure 5. Selecting ‘Call Box Mode’


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Button scrolling

3) After a few minutes the Call Box GUI is launched, as shown in figure 6 below.

Figure 6. Main Call Box Screen

4) Once ‘Mode Configuration Complete’ is displayed in the status window, switch to the Parameter Configuration window by pressing the ‘Parameter Config >>’ tab and change the parameters as per your UE and

USIM settings.

In this example, parameters were set as illustrated overleaf.

5) Press ‘Apply’ once all the parameters have been set to the desired values.


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SYSTEM Parameters

Parameter Setting

Band ID 13

Cell Configuration MIMO

UL Frequency 782 MHz

DL Frequency 751 MHz

Duplexing Scheme FDD

Figure 7. System Parameters screen


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RMC Parameters

The RMC parameters control the throughput. See Section 4.6 Next Steps for

more information.

Parameter Setting

Bandwidth 10 MHz

UL MCS 20

DL MCS 28

DL RB Count 50

UL RB Count 50

Figure 8. RMC Parameters screen


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Authentication Parameters

Set the following USIM specific parameters:

Parameter Setting

Integrity SNOW 3G

Ciphering SNOW 3G

AuthK 5E4AB35891375D2AEE812E67C309A629

AuthOP DBC59ADCB6F9A0EF735477B7FADF8374

AKA Milenage On

Figure 9. Authentication Parameters screen


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Layer 3 Parameters

Set the following network specific parameters:

Parameter Setting

MCC 001

MNC 01

DteAttribType IPV4 Driver

UE IP Address 10.10.10.9

Figure 10. Layer 3 Parameters screen


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4.2 Registering the UE and IP Address Settings Having worked through section 4.1, your 7100 is now ready to register with your UE.

1) Tap the red ‘LTE Cell 1’ button, located in the top section of the GUI, to

create the primary cell. The button turns green.

2) Power on the UE; it is now able to register with the Cell you have created on the 7100. Once the UE has successfully registered, the status display changes to ‘Registered / Passed’.

Alternatively, using Verizon’s VZAccess Manager:

a) Launch the VZAccess Manager from the UE PC. The signal for a newly created cell is visible (green bars in the screenshot below).

Figure 11. Screen display on launching VZAccess Manager

b) Once the cell has been successfully created, the message in the status

window reads ‘Create Cell 1 Passed’. Now press the ‘connect’ button on

the VZAccess Manager. If the UE registers successfully, the main Call Box screen on the 7100 displays ‘Registered / Passed’.


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Your two screens now look like this:

Figure 12. VZAccess Manager showing the UE connected

Figure 13. 7100 Main Call Box screen – Status display shows UE registered

This screen also shows the Layer 3 exchanges between the UE and the 7100.


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3) Verify the UE PC now has 10.10.10.9 as an IP Address, by typing ‘ipconfig’ at

the command prompt.

4) From either the 7100, or its server PC if set up, add a route to the UE / UE

PC by typing the following at the command prompt:

route add –p 10.10.10.9 mask 255.255.255.255 10.10.10.1

Verify this route is now present in the Routing Table by typing ‘route print’ at

the command prompt. Note that some UEs are ‘dongles’, in which case it is the UE PC that is given the IP address, while other UEs, for example smartphones, are assigned an IP

address directly. In the latter case, a UE PC may not be needed.

5) Similarly, add a route from the UE to the 7100 by typing the following at the

command prompt on the UE PC:

route add –p 10.10.10.1 mask 255.255.255.255 10.10.10.9

6) To see the RRC and NAS message exchanges between the UE and 7100, press the ‘Call Box’ button to switch to the main Call Box screen (see fig.13

above)

7) Minimize the 7100 Software: ‘Shutdown’ > ‘Minimize’

You are now back at your Windows XP desktop screen, ready to run iperf.


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4.3 Using the 7100 and Iperf to test UDP/TCP capacity Iperf is a tool to measure the bandwidth and the quality of a network link. It runs between two hosts, with one host set as client, and the other as server.

The iperf switches used in this Application Note are summarized below:

Switch Parameter

Name

Client / Server

Specific Description

-i interval Client / Server Seconds between periodic bandwidth reports

-l len Client / Server Length of buffer to read or write

(default 8 KB)

-p port Client / Server Server port to listen on/connect to

-u udp Client / Server Use UDP rather than TCP. If you do not specify the -u argument, iperf uses TCP.

-w window Client / Server TCP window size (socket buffer size)

-s server Server Run in server mode

-b bandwidth Client For UDP, bandwidth to send at in

bits/sec (default 1 Mbit/sec, implies -u)

-c client Client Run in client mode, connecting to ‘host’

-t time Client Time in seconds to transmit for (default 10 secs)

-P parallel Client Number of parallel client threads

to run

-h help Miscellaneous Print summary of iperf switches / parameters, and Quit

-v version Miscellaneous Print version information, and Quit

The following instructions show how to establish a flow of either UDP or TCP data between your 7100 and your UE. In each case, you should execute the

server command first, followed by the client command.


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Establishing the Uplink Type one of the following at the command prompt on the 7100 (or its server PC if this has been set up).

For UDP: iperf –s –p1200 –l1460 –w128Kbyte –u –i1 For TCP: iperf –s –i1 –l1460 –w128Kbyte

And then type the related command at the command prompt on the UE PC.

Note that the IP address of the ‘host’ in these commands depends on whether you are using a 7100 server PC, or not. If you are using a 7100 server PC:

For UDP: iperf –p1200 –c10.10.10.5 –u –l1460 –w128Kbyte –i1 –t1000 –b25M For TCP: iperf –c10.10.10.5 –i1 –l1460 –w128Kbyte –t1000

If you are running iperf directly on the 7100, and are not using a server PC:

For UDP: iperf –p1200 –c10.10.10.1 –u –l1460 –w128Kbyte –i1 –t1000 –b25M For TCP: iperf –c10.10.10.1 –i1 –l1460 –w128Kbyte –t1000

Establishing the Downlink Again, type the relevant command at the command prompt on the UE PC.

For UDP: iperf –s –p1201 –l1460 –w128Kbyte –u –i1

For TCP: iperf –s –i1 –l1460 –w256Kbyte

And then the related command at the command prompt on the 7100 (or its server PC if this has been set up).

For UDP: iperf –p1201 –c10.10.10.9 –u –l1460 –w128Kbyte –i1 –t1000 –b70M

For TCP: iperf –c10.10.10.9 –i1 –l1460 –w256Kbyte –t1000

Note that, in each case, the command prompt needs to be pointing to the location of iperf.exe. If you are running Windows 7 on your server PCs, you need to run the above as an Administrator.


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4.4 Using the 7100 and FileZilla to test FTP capacity

4.4.1 Introducing FileZilla

FileZilla is open source software, distributed free of charge under the terms of the GNU General Public License, which can be used in FTP throughput testing.

It can be downloaded from the following URL:

http://filezilla-project.org/

‘FileZilla Server’ is an application used to make files available to others, and it should be installed on the server PC connected to your 7100.

‘FileZilla Client’ is used to download files from an FTP server application, and it should be installed on your UE PC.

Note that FileZilla must not be run on the 7100 itself: installing such a third party

FTP server interrupts the native Microsoft FTP Server, which is used for internal operations.

During the installation of FileZilla Server, you can choose between:

‘Install as service, started with Windows (default)’

&

‘Install as service, started manually’

If you do not want FileZilla to start automatically with Windows, then change the default option so that the software has to be run manually (figure 14 below).

Figure 14. FileZilla Server installation

All other default settings, during Server/Client installation, are correct.


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4.4.2 FileZilla Server Settings 1) If you selected ‘Install as service, started manually’ during installation, you

need to start FileZilla Server using the following sequence:

<Windows Start >

<Programs > <FileZilla Server >

<FileZilla Server Interface>

When the ‘Connect to Server’ pop-up appears, press OK. FileZilla Server’s main screen (figure 15 below) is now displayed.

Figure 15. FileZilla Server - Main Screen

2) From the menu bar at the top of the screen, select:

<Edit>

<Users>


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3) On the ‘General’ page, click ‘Add’ and add a new user account (with

password if required).

Figure 16. General Page

4) On the ‘Shared folders’ page, click ‘Add’ and select the folder which contains

the files to be used for testing. Select the appropriate Files/Directories options.

Read Option: Files can be downloaded from Server to Client (Downlink throughput test)

Write Option: Files can be uploaded from Client to Server (Uplink throughput test)

Figure 17. Shared Folders page


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5) On the ‘Speed Limits’ page, select ‘No Limit’ for both Download Speed Limit

and Upload Speed Limit. Press OK to save the settings and close the menu.

Figure 18. Speed Limits page

6) From the menu bar at the top of the screen, select

<Edit>

<Settings> <Miscellaneous>

Change the buffer size settings as below:

Internal transfer buffer size: 256960 Socket buffer size: 655360

Figure 19. Miscellaneous Server Options


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7) Registry Settings refer to Appendix A for more details

To adjust TCP/IP settings for optimum performance for a given bandwidth, you can use TCP OptimizerTCP OptimizerTCP OptimizerTCP Optimizer. Note that the relevant settings on the 7100, the UE PC, and the 7100 server PC, should be identical.

Download TCP Optimizer onto the 7100, the UE PC, and the 7100 server PC as required. You can find more information on how to use this network tool in

Appendix A. The same parameters can also be set directly in Windows using the registry

editor 'regedit'; however, this should only be done by experienced engineers who are familiar with such tasks, as the running of Windows can be adversely affected.

As an example, the settings given below are optimized for 70 Mbps data throughput:

Parameter Setting

TcpWindowSize 256960256960256960256960 (Decimal)

Tcp1323Opts 1111

GlobalMaxTcpWindowSize 256960 256960 256960 256960 (Decimal)


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4.4.3 FileZilla Client Settings 1) Start FileZilla Client from Windows, using the following sequence:

<Start >

<Programs > <FileZilla FTP Client >

<FileZilla>

Figure 20. FileZilla Client - Main Screen

2) From the menu bar at the top of the screen, select:

<File>

<Site Manager>

3) In the ‘General’ tab, set the fields detailed below (see figure 21 overleaf):

Field ID Setting

Host IP Address of the 7100 Server PC – 10.10.10.5

Logon Type Normal

User User account name created in FileZilla Server

Password Password set in FileZilla Server


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Figure 21. General settings

4) Now press ‘Connect’ in the Site Manager window (see figure 21 above), and FileZilla Client logs in to FileZilla Server.

Figure 22. Main Screen after login


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5) You are now ready to begin throughput testing using FileZilla.

To initiate the downlink throughput test, copy (or drag & drop) the desired file

from the Remote Site to the Local Site, as illustrated in figure 23 below. For the uplink throughput test, move your chosen file the other way: from the

Local Site to the Remote Site, as illustrated in figure 24 below.

Figure 23. Download file Figure 24. Upload file


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4.5 Viewing the Results and Taking Measurements You have now established a flow of data, using your chosen transport protocol, between your UE and your 7100. This section outlines how to view this data link using your 7100.

1) Maximize the 7100 software.

2) Switch to the RF Measurements window

You are now presented with four measurement graphs. The DL and UL

throughput graphs are not displayed by default. You can view them, though, by replacing any of the four graphs on the screen. You can do this by following the steps below:

a) Click, or touch, the unwanted graph. On the top right corner of the GUI

the Current Measurement button activates; this allows you to choose an alternative graph. Press the Current Measurement button, and you are

presented with an options box:

Figure 25. The RF Measurements Options Box


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b) Protocol Measurements can be found at the bottom of the list, see figure 26 below.

Select ‘DL Throughput’ and your previously selected, unwanted graph is replaced with a graph displaying the current DL throughput.

Figure 26. Protocol Measurements

c) Repeat the steps above to change another of the displayed graphs to ‘UL Throughput’.

Figure 27. DL & UL Throughput graphs displayed


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4.6 Next Steps Having worked through this application note, and established your communication links, you can increase/decrease your data throughput by changing the RB and MCS allocation. This is done by entering new values in the

RMC Parameter Configuration window, and then pressing the ‘Apply’ button. There is no need to drop the call and begin again.

You are now in a position to continue your throughput testing in line with your own development needs, and explore the different numerical and graphical data

available to you on your 7100.


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Appendix A

Additional information relating to this Application Note

Additional Tools (optional)Additional Tools (optional)Additional Tools (optional)Additional Tools (optional)

Common Issues & ResolutionsCommon Issues & ResolutionsCommon Issues & ResolutionsCommon Issues & Resolutions

SISO / MIMO Technology NoteSISO / MIMO Technology NoteSISO / MIMO Technology NoteSISO / MIMO Technology Note

AbbreviationsAbbreviationsAbbreviationsAbbreviations


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Additional Tools (optional)

1) TCP Optimizer TCP Optimizer TCP Optimizer TCP Optimizer can be used to optimize TCP/IP settings for a particular bandwidth.

You can find more details on how to use this tool by following the link below:

http://www.speedguide.net/tcpoptimizer.php

Figure 28. TCP Optimizer

You can manipulate many parameters using this software, but the following may prove sufficient to optimize your throughput:

► Set the Connection SpeedConnection SpeedConnection SpeedConnection Speed to maximum, or to the bandwidth appropriate to your testing, using the on-screen slider

► Select Modify All Network AdaptersModify All Network AdaptersModify All Network AdaptersModify All Network Adapters ► Choose OptimalOptimalOptimalOptimal settings ► Set the MUT to 1450 ► Click Apply changesApply changesApply changesApply changes

At this point, TCP Optimizer lists the proposed parameter changes. Click OKOKOKOK. Before applying the changes, you can backup your current settings if you wish: backup current settingsbackup current settingsbackup current settingsbackup current settings can be found on the File Menu at the top of the

screen. This gives you the option to restore your original settings at a later point.

Note that if you are running Windows 7 on your server PCs, you need to run TCP Optimizer as an Administrator.


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2) WiresharkWiresharkWiresharkWireshark is a commonly used network protocol analyzer which lets you

capture and interactively browse the traffic running on a computer network. You may find it a useful tool. If, for example, not all UDP packets are reaching their

destination, Wireshark could be used to identify where they are being lost.

3) The use of a RAMRAMRAMRAM----drivedrivedrivedrive (e.g. RAMDisk® from DataRam) for file I/O is recommended, so that the hard disk I/O speed on the 7100 does not become a

limiting factor.


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Common Issues & Resolutions The following section outlines commonly experienced issues, and frequently seen user errors, when testing UDP/TCP/FTP throughput using the 7100.

1)1)1)1) Mode configuration fails on launching call boxMode configuration fails on launching call boxMode configuration fails on launching call boxMode configuration fails on launching call box Be aware that after a fresh installation of a new release, the 7100 requires a full protocol reset before a cell can be successfully created. This is done by pressing ‘Reset’ on the right-hand side of the GUI.

2)2)2)2) Ping request timing outPing request timing outPing request timing outPing request timing out Make sure your UE is successfully set up on the controlling PC. If necessary add the

appropriate routes.

3)3)3)3) Firewall SettingsFirewall SettingsFirewall SettingsFirewall Settings

Ensure UDP/TCP packets are not being blocked by a firewall.

4)4)4)4) Rebooting server PCsRebooting server PCsRebooting server PCsRebooting server PCs

If you experience problems with one of your PCs and have to reboot, be aware that you need to re-enter route details.

5)5)5)5) Low throLow throLow throLow throughput levelsughput levelsughput levelsughput levels

Below are some factors to consider if you are experiencing low throughput levels:

a) Use two different ports for bi-directional TCP throughput.

When running bi-directional TCP data, separate ports should be specified for the uplink and downlink streams. For example:

Use Port 5000 for the uplink - type the following at the command prompt on the

7100: iperf –s –i1 –l1400 –w256Kbyte –p5000

And Port 5001 for the downlink - type the following at the command prompt on the UE PC:

iperf –s –i1 –l1400 –w256Kbyte –p5001


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b) Check for other CPU intensive services. Stop all the services which might be affecting data throughput. ‘services.msc’ lists all services that are currently running.

c) Check your registry settings.

The Windows registry settings (ssssections 3.3.2 &ections 3.3.2 &ections 3.3.2 &ections 3.3.2 & 4.4.24.4.24.4.24.4.2) on the 7100, and the 7100 server PC, should match those on the UE PC. TCP Optimizer can be used

to optimize the Windows registry settings for a particular bandwidth.

d) Increase the window size.

The window size should be the same for both the server and the client. If a window size of ‘256Kbyte’ is resulting in poor throughput, try increasing it to ‘512Kbyte’.

iperf –s –i1 –l1400 –w512Kbyte


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SISO / MIMO Technology Note In wireless communication, multiple-input and multiple-output, or MIMO, is the use of multiple radio channels between the transmitter and receiver to improve

communication performance. SISO refers to single-input and single-output.

Figure 29. Understanding SISO, SIMO, MISO and MIMO

The terms input and output refer to the radio channels carrying the signals, not to the antennas themselves. MIMO should not be confused with just the use of multiple antennas, or antenna diversity, where multiple antennas receive the signal but only the better quality signal is processed. MIMO refers to the use of multiple radios, and in, for example, the case of two inputs, both received signals are processed, and combined,

in order to determine the original transmitted signal.


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Abbreviations

AKA (Milenage)AKA (Milenage)AKA (Milenage)AKA (Milenage) Authentication and Key Agreement CPUCPUCPUCPU Central Processing Unit

DLDLDLDL Downlink EPREEPREEPREEPRE Energy per Resource Element FDDFDDFDDFDD Frequency-Division Duplexing FTPFTPFTPFTP File Transfer Protocol GUIGUIGUIGUI Graphical User Interface

IIII/O/O/O/O Input / Output IDIDIDID Identity IMSIMSIMSIMS Internet Protocol Multimedia Subsystem IMSIIMSIIMSIIMSI International Mobile Subscriber Identity IPIPIPIP Internet Protocol

LANLANLANLAN Local Area Network LTELTELTELTE Long Term Evolution MMMMAAAACCCC Medium Access Control MCCMCCMCCMCC Mobile Country Code

MCSMCSMCSMCS Modulation and Coding Scheme MNCMNCMNCMNC Mobile Network Code MIMOMIMOMIMOMIMO Multiple-Input, Multiple-Output NASNASNASNAS Non-Access Stratum PCPCPCPC Personal Computer

PDCPPDCPPDCPPDCP Packet Data Convergence Protocol PPCPPCPPCPPC Power PC R&DR&DR&DR&D Research & Development RB COUNTRB COUNTRB COUNTRB COUNT Resource Block Count RelRelRelRel----8888 Release 8

RelRelRelRel----9999 Release 9 RFRFRFRF Radio Frequency RRRRLLLLCCCC Radio Link Control RRCRRCRRCRRC Radio Resource Control RX1RX1RX1RX1 Receiver Number 1

SISOSISOSISOSISO Single-Input, Single-Output SMA ConnectorSMA ConnectorSMA ConnectorSMA Connector Sub Miniature version A Connector

TCPTCPTCPTCP Transmission Control Protocol TX1TX1TX1TX1 Transmitter Number 1 UDPUDPUDPUDP User Datagram Protocol

UEUEUEUE User Equipment ULULULUL Uplink

USBUSBUSBUSB Universal Serial Bus USIMUSIMUSIMUSIM Universal Subscriber Identity Module uTCAuTCAuTCAuTCA Micro Telecommunications Architecture

VoIPVoIPVoIPVoIP Voice over Internet Protocol


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Appendix B

7100 Additional information

Ordering InformatOrdering InformatOrdering InformatOrdering Information & Postion & Postion & Postion & Post----Sales SupportSales SupportSales SupportSales Support

Further information can be found in the 7100 Digital Radio Test Set Datasheet


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Ordering Information & Post-Sales Support

7100 DRTS Options and Ordering Information

Post-Sales Support

Support of the instrument is an essential element in maximizing efficiency, and the return on investment, of your equipment. There are several features to the support available, including routine hardware calibration and warranty support for repairs, plus software support, essential for keeping your equipment up to date. Hardware and software support for the first two years of ownership are

included in the purchase price of the 7100.

With a new technology such as LTE it is essential to track changes in the 3GPP standards. Software updates for the 7100 are made available via the internet-based Aeroflex Customer Download

Portal. Under the software support scheme you will be provided with an account, giving instant, round-the-clock access to all relevant releases, updates and release notes. Subscribing to the software support service is a very efficient and effective way to keep up to date.

The support service also provides access to the Aeroflex Helpdesk, which provides the first point of contact in case of a need for support. The Helpdesk provides a guaranteed response, allocating a reference number for internal tracking of progress, and reporting.

Due to Aeroflex’s global presence, technical support is available in region to help you get the best out of your instrument. Local, factory-trained Application Support Engineers keep you up to date via phone calls, e-mail or, if necessary on site visits.

Users can elect to purchase the 7100 Digital Radio Test Set with optional warranty extensions. Standard Extended Warranty provides either 36 months or 60 months warranty period plus the benefits of guaranteed product repair times in the event of failure. Standard Extended Warranty can

also be provided inclusive of scheduled calibration.

On request Aeroflex can provide customized Premium Warranty support designed around your specific needs.

Documents

Digital Radio Test Set Data Throughput Measurements