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Digital Photography DeCal
EECS98Nathan Yan
Exposure “Stops”
Stops Exposure
Shutter speed Aperture ISO sensitivity
-4 1/16x 1/1600s f/22 ISO50
-3 1/8x 1/800s f/16 ISO100
-2 1/4x 1/400s f/11 ISO200
-1 1/2x 1/200s f/8.0 ISO400
0 1x 1/100s f/5.6 ISO800
+1 2x 1/50s f/4.0 ISO1600
+2 4x 1/25s f/2.8 ISO3200
+3 8x 1/12s f/2.0 ISO6400
+4 16x 1/6s f/1.4 ISO12800
Determining ExposureDetermining Exposure
Manual exposure – "zone system", guess and check, histogram
Auto exposure – tries to achieve an overall "middle grey" brightness
Issues
Built-in meters only see reflected light, instead of incident light
Reflected light depends on reflectivity of surface, not just the amount of light
Dark and bright objects can "fool" the camera's light meter
SolutionsSolutionsExposure compensation: correcting metering errors by biasing metered value
Metering modes: Evaluative/Matrix: analyzes entire scene Center-weighted: analyzes entire scene, with bias toward center Partial/Spot: only analyzes small center of the image
Shorter<---------------Shutter speed --------------->Longer
Darker<--------------Exposure -------------->Brighter
Smaller<---------------Aperture--------------->Larger
Less sensitivity<----------ISO sensitivity--------->More sensitive
1/400s 1/20s
f/8 f/2.8
ISO1600ISO100
Sharper Blurrier
More in focus Less in focus
NoisierClearer
Program ModesMode Apert
ureShutter speed
ISO Exposure
Program (P) Auto Auto Auto/Manual
Auto
Shutter Priority (S,Tv)
Auto Manual Auto/Manual
Auto
Aperture Priority (A,Av)
Manual
Auto Auto/Manual
Auto
Manual Manual
Manual Manual Manual
Which parameters do you want to control?Which parameters is it OK to let the camera decide?
Thought experiment:
Mode Aperture
Shutter speed
ISO Exposure
Program (P) Auto Auto Auto/Manual Auto
Shutter Priority (S,Tv) Auto Manual Auto/Manual Auto
Aperture Priority (A,Av)
Manual Auto Auto/Manual Auto
Manual Manual Manual Manual ManualThought experiment: Sports in daylight
Mode Aperture
Shutter speed
ISO
Shutter Priority (S,Tv) f/2.8 1/500s ISO400
Aperture Priority (A,Av)
f/2.8 1/500s ISO400
Mode Aperture
Shutter speed
ISO
Shutter Priority (S,Tv) ISO400
Aperture Priority (A,Av)
ISO400
Mode Aperture
Shutter speed
ISO
Shutter Priority (S,Tv) 1/500s ISO400
Aperture Priority (A,Av)
ISO400
Mode Aperture
Shutter speed
ISO
Shutter Priority (S,Tv) f/5.6 1/500s ISO400
Aperture Priority (A,Av)
ISO400
Mode Aperture
Shutter speed
ISO
Shutter Priority (S,Tv) f/5.6 1/500s ISO400
Aperture Priority (A,Av)
f/2.8 ISO400
Mode Aperture
Shutter speed
ISO
Shutter Priority (S,Tv) f/5.6 1/500s ISO400
Aperture Priority (A,Av)
f/2.8 1/2000s ISO400
ShadeShade
DaylightDaylight
+2E+2EVV
Mode Aperture
Shutter speed
ISO
Shutter Priority (S,Tv) f/2.8 1/500s ISO100
Aperture Priority (A,Av)
f/2.8 1/500s ISO100
DaylightDaylight
ShadeShade
-2EV-2EVMode Apertur
eShutter speed
ISO
Shutter Priority (S,Tv) ISO100
Aperture Priority (A,Av)
ISO100
Mode Aperture
Shutter speed
ISO
Shutter Priority (S,Tv) 1/500s ISO100
Aperture Priority (A,Av)
ISO100
Mode Aperture
Shutter speed
ISO
Shutter Priority (S,Tv) f/2.8 1/500s ISO100
Aperture Priority (A,Av)
ISO100
Mode Aperture
Shutter speed
ISO
Shutter Priority (S,Tv) f/2.8 1/500s ISO100
Aperture Priority (A,Av)
f/2.8 ISO100
Mode Aperture
Shutter speed
ISO
Shutter Priority (S,Tv) f/2.8 1/500s ISO100
Aperture Priority (A,Av)
f/2.8 1/125s ISO100
Mode Aperture
Shutter speed
ISO
Shutter Priority (S,Tv) f/2.8 1/500s ISO100
Aperture Priority (A,Av)
f/2.8 1/500s ISO400
Mode Aperture
Shutter speed
ISO
Shutter Priority (S,Tv) f/2.8 1/500s ISO100
Aperture Priority (A,Av)
f/2.8 1/2000s ISO400
Mode Aperture
Shutter speed
ISO
Shutter Priority (S,Tv) f/2.8 1/500s ISO100
Aperture Priority (A,Av)
f/2.8 1/125s ISO400
Mode Aperture
Shutter speed
ISO
Shutter Priority (S,Tv) f/2.8 1/500s ISO100
Aperture Priority (A,Av)
f/2.8 1/500s ISO400
Mode Aperture
Shutter speed
ISO Exposure
Program (P) Auto Auto Auto/Manual Auto
Shutter Priority (S,Tv) Auto Manual Auto/Manual Auto
Aperture Priority (A,Av)
Manual Auto Auto/Manual Auto
Manual Manual Manual Manual ManualThought experiment: Indoor sports