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Digital Libraries: Basic Concepts and a Reference Model FUB Summer School 2010 Bozen-Bolzano, 20-24 September 2010 Vittore Casarosa ISTI-CNR, Pisa and Free University of Bozen- Bolzano, Italy

Digital Libraries: Basic Concepts and a Reference Model FUB Summer School 2010 Bozen-Bolzano, 20-24 September 2010 Vittore Casarosa ISTI-CNR, Pisa and

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Page 1: Digital Libraries: Basic Concepts and a Reference Model FUB Summer School 2010 Bozen-Bolzano, 20-24 September 2010 Vittore Casarosa ISTI-CNR, Pisa and

Digital Libraries:Basic Concepts anda Reference Model

FUB Summer School 2010Bozen-Bolzano, 20-24 September 2010

Vittore CasarosaISTI-CNR, Pisa and

Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Italy

Page 2: Digital Libraries: Basic Concepts and a Reference Model FUB Summer School 2010 Bozen-Bolzano, 20-24 September 2010 Vittore Casarosa ISTI-CNR, Pisa and

The traditional role of libraries

Mediators between information and users Selection

– Definition of collections Acquisition

– Physical objects Description

– Catalogs Access

– Shelves Preservation

– Controlled enviromentFUB 2010 Vittore Casarosa - Free University of Bozen-Bolzano 2

Page 3: Digital Libraries: Basic Concepts and a Reference Model FUB Summer School 2010 Bozen-Bolzano, 20-24 September 2010 Vittore Casarosa ISTI-CNR, Pisa and

Libraries: some figures

Volumes (in millions)

Journals– From 10.000 in 1950 to 150.000 in 2002

Alexandria principle beginning to fadeFUB 2010 Vittore Casarosa - Free University of Bozen-Bolzano 3

Institution 1910 1995 2002 Library of Congress 1,8 23 26 Harvard Univ. 0,8 12,9 14,9 Yale Univ. 0,55 9,5 10,9 U Illinois (Urbana) 0,1 8,5 9,9 U California (Berkeley) 0,24 8,1 9,4

British Library 2 15 18 Cambridge Univ. 0,5 3,5 7 Oxford Univ. 0,8 4,8 6 Bibl. Nat. De France 3 11 12

Page 4: Digital Libraries: Basic Concepts and a Reference Model FUB Summer School 2010 Bozen-Bolzano, 20-24 September 2010 Vittore Casarosa ISTI-CNR, Pisa and

Evolution of technology

Computer technology– CPU and integrated chips (from KHz to GHz)– Random Access Memories (RAM – from KB to GB)– External memories

• Tapes, hard disks, floppy disks• Memory sticks• CDs• DVDs• from MB to GB to TB to PB to EB

Communication technology (networks)– (Telephone) line speed– Point to point (leased lines)– Local Area Networks– Inter-networking (TCP/IP)

FUB 2010 Vittore Casarosa - Free University of Bozen-Bolzano 4

Page 5: Digital Libraries: Basic Concepts and a Reference Model FUB Summer School 2010 Bozen-Bolzano, 20-24 September 2010 Vittore Casarosa ISTI-CNR, Pisa and

The World Wide Web

Combination of computer technology and communication technology

It all started with the “hyperlink” Then came the “browser” (Mosaic) Then came the first wave Then came the “dot come, dot gone” Then came the second wave Finally came the Web and the “information explosion”

– An estimate of 500 to 1000 million hosts– An estimate of 30 to 50 billion pages on line

And now we have Web 2.0 (with Web 3.0 just around the corner)

FUB 2010 Vittore Casarosa - Free University of Bozen-Bolzano 5

Page 6: Digital Libraries: Basic Concepts and a Reference Model FUB Summer School 2010 Bozen-Bolzano, 20-24 September 2010 Vittore Casarosa ISTI-CNR, Pisa and

Definition of “Digital Library”

FUB 2010 Vittore Casarosa - Free University of Bozen-Bolzano 6

• Click to add text

Page 7: Digital Libraries: Basic Concepts and a Reference Model FUB Summer School 2010 Bozen-Bolzano, 20-24 September 2010 Vittore Casarosa ISTI-CNR, Pisa and

DELOS

The Network of Excellence on Digital Libraries

Define and conduct a joint program of activities in order to integrate and coordinate the on-going research activities of the major European research teams in the field of digital libraries for the purpose of developing the next generation digital library technologies

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Page 8: Digital Libraries: Basic Concepts and a Reference Model FUB Summer School 2010 Bozen-Bolzano, 20-24 September 2010 Vittore Casarosa ISTI-CNR, Pisa and

DELOS visions

Digital libraries should enable any citizen to access all human knowledge anytime and anywhere,in a friendly, multi-modal, efficient, and effective way, by overcoming barriers of distance, language, and culture and by using multiple Internet-connected devices (about year 2000)

The potential exists for digital libraries to become the universal knowledge repositories and communication conduits for the future, a common vehicle by which everyone will access, discuss, evaluate, and enhance information of all forms (about year 2005)

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Page 9: Digital Libraries: Basic Concepts and a Reference Model FUB Summer School 2010 Bozen-Bolzano, 20-24 September 2010 Vittore Casarosa ISTI-CNR, Pisa and

What is a Digital Library ?

A DL is the combination of “content and services” A DL is an “entity” providing the functionality to mediate

between information objects and information users in the context of distributed collections of information objects. This (external) functionality includes access, publish, delivery, preservation, personalization, etc.

A Digital Library is a “tool” at the centre of intellectual activity having no logical, conceptual, physical, temporal, or personal borders or barriers on information

A Digital Library is an “institution” in charge of providing at least the functionality of a traditional library in the context of distributed and networked collections of information objects

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Page 10: Digital Libraries: Basic Concepts and a Reference Model FUB Summer School 2010 Bozen-Bolzano, 20-24 September 2010 Vittore Casarosa ISTI-CNR, Pisa and

Digital Libraries in the Information Space

FUB 2010 Vittore Casarosa - Free University of Bozen-Bolzano 10

Structure of Data

Structure of User Behavior Digital

Libraries

Databases/IR

Web

Low

High

High

Page 11: Digital Libraries: Basic Concepts and a Reference Model FUB Summer School 2010 Bozen-Bolzano, 20-24 September 2010 Vittore Casarosa ISTI-CNR, Pisa and

Digital Libraries Technologies

FUB 2010 Vittore Casarosa - Free University of Bozen-Bolzano 11

DLs

Data Management

Document Management

Information Retrieval

Artifi

cial In

tellig

ence

Hum

an C

om

pute

r in

tera

ctio

nLibrary Sciences

Museum sciences

Arch

ives

SociologyPsy

chol

ogy

Image P

roce

ssin

gW

eb

Page 12: Digital Libraries: Basic Concepts and a Reference Model FUB Summer School 2010 Bozen-Bolzano, 20-24 September 2010 Vittore Casarosa ISTI-CNR, Pisa and

Conceptual Framework

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Contents

Usage

Digital Library System

Management

Page 13: Digital Libraries: Basic Concepts and a Reference Model FUB Summer School 2010 Bozen-Bolzano, 20-24 September 2010 Vittore Casarosa ISTI-CNR, Pisa and

Building a Digital Library

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Page 14: Digital Libraries: Basic Concepts and a Reference Model FUB Summer School 2010 Bozen-Bolzano, 20-24 September 2010 Vittore Casarosa ISTI-CNR, Pisa and

Research Directions in DLs

FUB 2010 Vittore Casarosa - Free University of Bozen-Bolzano 14

Reference Model for DLS

Foundations

ArchitecturesInformation

AccessAudio/Visual

SemanticInterop

Systems

UserInterfaces

Visualization Personalization

User

e-Health, e-Learning, e-Culture, etc.…

ApplicationsH

orizo

nta

l

Cura

tion

Pre

serv

atio

nR

eposito

ries

Evalu

atio

nM

eth

odolo

gie

sEvalu

atio

nIn

frastru

cture

s

Page 15: Digital Libraries: Basic Concepts and a Reference Model FUB Summer School 2010 Bozen-Bolzano, 20-24 September 2010 Vittore Casarosa ISTI-CNR, Pisa and

Need for a Reference Model

A reference model is an abstract framework for understanding significant relationships among the entities of some environment, and for the development of consistent standards or specifications supporting that environment

A reference model is based on a small number of unifying concepts and may be used as a basis for education and explaining standards to a non-specialist

A reference model is not directly tied to any standards, technologies or other concrete implementation details, but it does seek to provide a common semantics that can be used unambiguously across and between different implementations

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Page 16: Digital Libraries: Basic Concepts and a Reference Model FUB Summer School 2010 Bozen-Bolzano, 20-24 September 2010 Vittore Casarosa ISTI-CNR, Pisa and

A Three-Entity Framework

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Page 17: Digital Libraries: Basic Concepts and a Reference Model FUB Summer School 2010 Bozen-Bolzano, 20-24 September 2010 Vittore Casarosa ISTI-CNR, Pisa and

The three Entities

Digital Library– An organization, which might be virtual, that comprehensively collects,

manages, and preserves for the long term rich digital content, and offers to its user communities specialized functionality on that content, of measurable quality and according to codified policies

Digital Library System– A software system that is based on a defined (possibly distributed)

architecture and provides all functionality required by a particular Digital Library. Users interact with a Digital Library through the corresponding Digital Library System

Digital Library Management System– A generic software system that provides the appropriate software

infrastructure both (i) to produce and administer a Digital Library System incorporating the suite of functionality considered foundational for Digital Libraries and (ii) to integrate additional software offering more refined, specialized, or advanced functionality

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Page 18: Digital Libraries: Basic Concepts and a Reference Model FUB Summer School 2010 Bozen-Bolzano, 20-24 September 2010 Vittore Casarosa ISTI-CNR, Pisa and

Different types of DLMS

Extensible Digital Library System – A complete Digital Library System that is fully operational with respect to basic/

foundational functionality required. It is based on an open software architecture, so that further software components can be incorporated on top of the ones already there with ease (DelosDLMS, GreenStone)

Digital Library System Warehouse – A collection of software components that encapsulate the core suite of DL

functionality and a set of tools that can be used to combine these components in a variety of ways (in Lego-like fashion) to create Digital Library Systems offering a tailored integration of functionalities. New software components can easily be incorporated into the Warehouse for subsequent combination with those already there (BRICKS, DILIGENT)

Digital Library System Generator – A highly parameterized software system that encapsulates templates covering a

broad range of functionalities, including a defined core suite of DL functionality as well as any advanced functionality that has been deemed appropriate to meet the needs of the specific application domain Through an initialization session, the appropriate parameters are set and configured; at the end of that session, an application is automatically generated, and this constitutes the Digital Library System ready for installation and deployment (MARIAN)

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Page 19: Digital Libraries: Basic Concepts and a Reference Model FUB Summer School 2010 Bozen-Bolzano, 20-24 September 2010 Vittore Casarosa ISTI-CNR, Pisa and

DELOS DLMS

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Page 20: Digital Libraries: Basic Concepts and a Reference Model FUB Summer School 2010 Bozen-Bolzano, 20-24 September 2010 Vittore Casarosa ISTI-CNR, Pisa and

Containment of models

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Page 21: Digital Libraries: Basic Concepts and a Reference Model FUB Summer School 2010 Bozen-Bolzano, 20-24 September 2010 Vittore Casarosa ISTI-CNR, Pisa and

Actors in the Digital Library

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Page 22: Digital Libraries: Basic Concepts and a Reference Model FUB Summer School 2010 Bozen-Bolzano, 20-24 September 2010 Vittore Casarosa ISTI-CNR, Pisa and

Main roles of Actors (1)

DL End-Users – They exploit the DL functionality for providing, consuming, and managing the DL

Content as well as some of its other constituents They perceive the DL as a stateful entity that serves their functional needs The behaviour and output of the DL depend on its state at the time a particular part of its functionality is activated. DL end-users may be further partitioned into

• Content Creators• Content Consumers• Librarians (end user)

DL Designers (Digital Librarian) – They exploit their knowledge of the semantic of the application domain to define,

customize, and maintain the Digital Library so that it is aligned with the information and functional needs of its end-users To perform this task, they interact with the DLMS providing functional and content configuration parameters The values of these parameters, which can be modified during the DL lifetime, configure the specific DL perceived by the end-users because they determine the particular Digital Library System instance serving the Digital Library

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Page 23: Digital Libraries: Basic Concepts and a Reference Model FUB Summer School 2010 Bozen-Bolzano, 20-24 September 2010 Vittore Casarosa ISTI-CNR, Pisa and

Main roles of Actors (2)

DL System Administrators (System Librarian)– They select the software components necessary to create the Digital Library

System needed to serve the required DL (as specified by the DL Designer) and decide where and how to deploy them They interact with the DLMS by providing architectural configuration parameters, such as the selected software components, the hosting nodes, and the components allocation. The value of the architectural configuration parameters can be changed over the DL lifetime Any change of these parameters may result in the provision of different DL functionality and/or different quality

DL Application Developers – They develop the software components of DLMSs and DLSs, implementing the

necessary functionality

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Page 24: Digital Libraries: Basic Concepts and a Reference Model FUB Summer School 2010 Bozen-Bolzano, 20-24 September 2010 Vittore Casarosa ISTI-CNR, Pisa and

Hierarchy of Actors’ Views

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Page 25: Digital Libraries: Basic Concepts and a Reference Model FUB Summer School 2010 Bozen-Bolzano, 20-24 September 2010 Vittore Casarosa ISTI-CNR, Pisa and

Main concepts (1)

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Page 26: Digital Libraries: Basic Concepts and a Reference Model FUB Summer School 2010 Bozen-Bolzano, 20-24 September 2010 Vittore Casarosa ISTI-CNR, Pisa and

Main concepts (2)

Content – The Content concept encompasses the data and information that the Digital Library handles

and makes available to its users Content is an umbrella concept used to aggregate all forms of information objects that a Digital Library collects, manages, and delivers It encompasses the diverse range of information objects, including such resources as objects, annotations, and metadata

User – The User concept covers the various actors (whether human or machine) entitled to interact

with Digital Libraries. Digital Libraries connect actors with information and support them in their ability to consume and make creative use of it to generate new information User is an umbrella concept including all notions related to the representation and management of actor entities within a Digital Library. It encompasses such elements as the rights that actors have within the system and the profiles of the actors with characteristics that personalize the system’s behavior or represent these actors in collaborations

Functionality – The Functionality concept encapsulates the services that a Digital Library offers to its

different users, whether classes of users or individual users While the general expectation is that DLs will be rich in capabilities and services, the bare minimum of functions would include such aspects as new information object registration, search, and browse Beyond that, the system seeks to manage the functions of the Digital Library to ensure that the functions reflect the particular needs of the digital library’s community of users and/or the specific requirements relating to the Content it contains

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Page 27: Digital Libraries: Basic Concepts and a Reference Model FUB Summer School 2010 Bozen-Bolzano, 20-24 September 2010 Vittore Casarosa ISTI-CNR, Pisa and

Main concepts (3)

Policy – The Policy concept represents the set (or sets) of conditions, rules, terms and regulations

governing interaction between the Digital Library and users, whether virtual or real. Examples of policies include acceptable user behaviour, digital rights management, privacy and confidentiality, charges to users, and collection delivery

Quality – The Quality concept represents the parameters that can be used to characterize and

evaluate the content and behavior of a Digital Library. Quality can be associated not only with each class of content or functionality but also with specific information objects or services Some of these parameters are objective in nature and can be automatically measured, whereas others are subjective in nature and can only be measured through user evaluations

Architecture – The Architecture concept refers to the Digital Library System entity and represents a

mapping of the functionality and content offered by a Digital Library onto hardware and software components There are two primary reasons for having Architecture as a core concept: (i) Digital Libraries are often assumed to be among the most complex and advanced forms of information systems; and (ii) interoperability across Digital Libraries is recognized as a substantial research challenge A clear architectural framework for the Digital Library System offers ammunition in addressing both these issues effectively

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Page 28: Digital Libraries: Basic Concepts and a Reference Model FUB Summer School 2010 Bozen-Bolzano, 20-24 September 2010 Vittore Casarosa ISTI-CNR, Pisa and

The main concepts in perspective

FUB 2010 Vittore Casarosa - Free University of Bozen-Bolzano 28

User

Page 29: Digital Libraries: Basic Concepts and a Reference Model FUB Summer School 2010 Bozen-Bolzano, 20-24 September 2010 Vittore Casarosa ISTI-CNR, Pisa and

The Reference Model

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Page 30: Digital Libraries: Basic Concepts and a Reference Model FUB Summer School 2010 Bozen-Bolzano, 20-24 September 2010 Vittore Casarosa ISTI-CNR, Pisa and

Concept Maps

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Page 31: Digital Libraries: Basic Concepts and a Reference Model FUB Summer School 2010 Bozen-Bolzano, 20-24 September 2010 Vittore Casarosa ISTI-CNR, Pisa and

Digital Library Domains

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Page 32: Digital Libraries: Basic Concepts and a Reference Model FUB Summer School 2010 Bozen-Bolzano, 20-24 September 2010 Vittore Casarosa ISTI-CNR, Pisa and

The Resource Domain

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Page 33: Digital Libraries: Basic Concepts and a Reference Model FUB Summer School 2010 Bozen-Bolzano, 20-24 September 2010 Vittore Casarosa ISTI-CNR, Pisa and

The Content Domain

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Page 34: Digital Libraries: Basic Concepts and a Reference Model FUB Summer School 2010 Bozen-Bolzano, 20-24 September 2010 Vittore Casarosa ISTI-CNR, Pisa and

The User Domain

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Page 35: Digital Libraries: Basic Concepts and a Reference Model FUB Summer School 2010 Bozen-Bolzano, 20-24 September 2010 Vittore Casarosa ISTI-CNR, Pisa and

The Functionality Domain

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Page 36: Digital Libraries: Basic Concepts and a Reference Model FUB Summer School 2010 Bozen-Bolzano, 20-24 September 2010 Vittore Casarosa ISTI-CNR, Pisa and

Main functions

C32 Access ResourceC33 Discover

C34 BrowseC35 Search

C36 AcquireC37 Visualize

C38 Manage ResourceC39 CreateC40 SubmitC41 WithdrawC42 UpdateC43 ValidateC44 AnnotateC45 Manage Inform ObjectC64 Manage ActorC71 Manage FunctionC72 Manage PolicyC73 Manage Quality Parameter

C74 CollaborateC75 Exchange Information

C76 Converse

C77 Find Collaborator

C78 Author Collaboratively

C79 Manage DLC80 Manage Content

C85 Manage User

C90 Manage Functionality

C92 Manage Quality

C93 Manage Policy Domain

C94 Manage & Configure DLSC95 Manage DLS

C104 Configure DLS

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Page 37: Digital Libraries: Basic Concepts and a Reference Model FUB Summer School 2010 Bozen-Bolzano, 20-24 September 2010 Vittore Casarosa ISTI-CNR, Pisa and

Manage Information Object

C46 Disseminate– C47 Publish

C48 Author – C49 Compose

C50 Process– C51 Analyze

• C52 Linguistic Analysis• C53 Qualitative Analysis

– C54 Examine Preservation State• C55 Statistical Analysis • C56 Scientific Analysis• C57 Create Structured Representation• C58 Compare

– C59 Transform • C60 Physically Convert

– C61 Translate• C62 Convert to a Different Format• C63 Extract

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Page 38: Digital Libraries: Basic Concepts and a Reference Model FUB Summer School 2010 Bozen-Bolzano, 20-24 September 2010 Vittore Casarosa ISTI-CNR, Pisa and

Manage Actor

C65 Establish Actor – C66 Register

• C67 Sign Up

– C68 Login

C69 Personalise– C70 Apply Profile

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Page 39: Digital Libraries: Basic Concepts and a Reference Model FUB Summer School 2010 Bozen-Bolzano, 20-24 September 2010 Vittore Casarosa ISTI-CNR, Pisa and

Manage DL

C80 Manage Content – C81 Manage Collection

• C82 Import Collection• C83 Export Collection

– C84 Preserve C85 Manage User

– C86 Manage Membership – C87 Manage Group – C88 Manage Role – C89 Manage Actor Profile

C90 Manage Functionality – C91 Monitor Usage

C92 Manage Quality C93 Manage Policy Domain

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Page 40: Digital Libraries: Basic Concepts and a Reference Model FUB Summer School 2010 Bozen-Bolzano, 20-24 September 2010 Vittore Casarosa ISTI-CNR, Pisa and

Manage & Configure DLS

C95 Manage DLS – C96 Create DLS – C97 Withdraw DLS – C98 Update DLS – C99 Manage Architecture

• C100 Manage Architectural Component• C101 Configure Architectural Componebnt• C102 Deploy Architectural Component• C103 Monitor Architectural Component

C104 Configure DLS – C105 Configure Resource Format – C106 Configure Content – C107 Configure User – C108 Configure Functionality – C109 Configure Policy – C110 Configure Quality

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Page 41: Digital Libraries: Basic Concepts and a Reference Model FUB Summer School 2010 Bozen-Bolzano, 20-24 September 2010 Vittore Casarosa ISTI-CNR, Pisa and

Access Resource

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Page 42: Digital Libraries: Basic Concepts and a Reference Model FUB Summer School 2010 Bozen-Bolzano, 20-24 September 2010 Vittore Casarosa ISTI-CNR, Pisa and

Manage Resource (1)

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Page 43: Digital Libraries: Basic Concepts and a Reference Model FUB Summer School 2010 Bozen-Bolzano, 20-24 September 2010 Vittore Casarosa ISTI-CNR, Pisa and

Manage Resource (2)

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Page 44: Digital Libraries: Basic Concepts and a Reference Model FUB Summer School 2010 Bozen-Bolzano, 20-24 September 2010 Vittore Casarosa ISTI-CNR, Pisa and

Manage Actor

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Page 45: Digital Libraries: Basic Concepts and a Reference Model FUB Summer School 2010 Bozen-Bolzano, 20-24 September 2010 Vittore Casarosa ISTI-CNR, Pisa and

Collaborate

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Page 46: Digital Libraries: Basic Concepts and a Reference Model FUB Summer School 2010 Bozen-Bolzano, 20-24 September 2010 Vittore Casarosa ISTI-CNR, Pisa and

Manage DL

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Page 47: Digital Libraries: Basic Concepts and a Reference Model FUB Summer School 2010 Bozen-Bolzano, 20-24 September 2010 Vittore Casarosa ISTI-CNR, Pisa and

Manage & Configure DLS

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Page 48: Digital Libraries: Basic Concepts and a Reference Model FUB Summer School 2010 Bozen-Bolzano, 20-24 September 2010 Vittore Casarosa ISTI-CNR, Pisa and

The Policy domain

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Page 49: Digital Libraries: Basic Concepts and a Reference Model FUB Summer School 2010 Bozen-Bolzano, 20-24 September 2010 Vittore Casarosa ISTI-CNR, Pisa and

Categorization of Policies

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Page 50: Digital Libraries: Basic Concepts and a Reference Model FUB Summer School 2010 Bozen-Bolzano, 20-24 September 2010 Vittore Casarosa ISTI-CNR, Pisa and

The Quality Domain

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Page 51: Digital Libraries: Basic Concepts and a Reference Model FUB Summer School 2010 Bozen-Bolzano, 20-24 September 2010 Vittore Casarosa ISTI-CNR, Pisa and

The Architecture Domain

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Page 52: Digital Libraries: Basic Concepts and a Reference Model FUB Summer School 2010 Bozen-Bolzano, 20-24 September 2010 Vittore Casarosa ISTI-CNR, Pisa and

The Digital Library Development Framework

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Page 53: Digital Libraries: Basic Concepts and a Reference Model FUB Summer School 2010 Bozen-Bolzano, 20-24 September 2010 Vittore Casarosa ISTI-CNR, Pisa and

DLS Reference architecture

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Page 54: Digital Libraries: Basic Concepts and a Reference Model FUB Summer School 2010 Bozen-Bolzano, 20-24 September 2010 Vittore Casarosa ISTI-CNR, Pisa and

DLS Concrete architecture

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Page 55: Digital Libraries: Basic Concepts and a Reference Model FUB Summer School 2010 Bozen-Bolzano, 20-24 September 2010 Vittore Casarosa ISTI-CNR, Pisa and

Conclusions

FUB 2010 Vittore Casarosa - Free University of Bozen-Bolzano 56

In addition (or related to) the technical aspects of Digital Libraries, there is one (recurring) question:

Will the Web become the ultimate Digital Library ?

Page 56: Digital Libraries: Basic Concepts and a Reference Model FUB Summer School 2010 Bozen-Bolzano, 20-24 September 2010 Vittore Casarosa ISTI-CNR, Pisa and

Digital Libraries in the Information Space

FUB 2010 Vittore Casarosa - Free University of Bozen-Bolzano 57

Structure of Data

Structure of User Behavior Digital

Libraries

Databases/IR

Web

Low

High

High

Page 57: Digital Libraries: Basic Concepts and a Reference Model FUB Summer School 2010 Bozen-Bolzano, 20-24 September 2010 Vittore Casarosa ISTI-CNR, Pisa and

Digital Libraries in the Information Space

FUB 2010 Vittore Casarosa - Free University of Bozen-Bolzano 58

Structure of Data

Structure of User Behavior

Digital Libraries

Databases

Web

Low

High

High

Info Retrieval

……

Wikis/blogsCMS/DAMS

Page 58: Digital Libraries: Basic Concepts and a Reference Model FUB Summer School 2010 Bozen-Bolzano, 20-24 September 2010 Vittore Casarosa ISTI-CNR, Pisa and

Search engines

FUB 2010 59

Rank Provider Searches (000)Share of Searches

- All Search 9,247,187 100.0%

1 Google Search 6,016,689 65.1%

2 Yahoo! Search 1,272,764 13.8%

3MSN/Windows Live/Bing Search

1,198,345 13.0%

4 AOL Search 191,189 2.1%

5 Ask.com Search 184,448 2.0%

6My Web Search Search

112,265 1.2%

7 Comcast Search 48,585 0.5%

8 NexTag Search 25,392 0.3%

9WhitePages.com Network Search

25,370 0.3%

10Yellow Pages Search

19,086 0.2%

Top 10 U.S. Search Providers, Home & WorkMay 2010Source: Nielsen MegaView Search

Vittore Casarosa - Free University of Bozen-Bolzano

Page 59: Digital Libraries: Basic Concepts and a Reference Model FUB Summer School 2010 Bozen-Bolzano, 20-24 September 2010 Vittore Casarosa ISTI-CNR, Pisa and

Traditional role of libraries

Mediators between information and users Selection

– Definition of collections Acquisition

– Physical objects Description

– Catalogs Access

– Shelves Preservation

– Controlled enviromentFUB 2010 Vittore Casarosa - Free University of Bozen-Bolzano 60

crawlers, spiders, bots, etc.

digital

Google

Dublin Corethe Web

a) forever

whichever comes firstb) the next five years

Page 60: Digital Libraries: Basic Concepts and a Reference Model FUB Summer School 2010 Bozen-Bolzano, 20-24 September 2010 Vittore Casarosa ISTI-CNR, Pisa and

Final question

FUB 2010 Vittore Casarosa - Free University of Bozen-Bolzano 61

“digital librarians”, “digital curators”, etc

???????

Digital Library Digital library

paper, pictures, audio, video

digital “surrogates”born digital objects

librarians, curators, etc

people

libraries, museums, archives, ....

institutions

clay tablets, papyrus, paper

contents

The evolution of “libraries”