Digital,

Hybrid &

Virtual

Libraries

Muhammad Ajmal Khan

1. What is Library2. Definitions3. History4. Classification5. Principles6. Characteristics7. Myths8. Challenges9. Conclusion

Outline

What is Library

Collection of books, documents, newspapers, audio visual materials kept and organized for people to read or borrow.

Characteristics

1.Collection of data objects

2.Collection of Metadata Structures

3.Collection of Services

4.Domain Focus

5.Quality Control

6.Preservation

Definitions

Digital LibraryCollection of electronic resources that provides direct/indirect access to a systematically organized collection of digital objects.

Hybrid LibraryProvides services in a mixed-mode, electronic and paper, environment, particularly in a co-coordinated way. Derived from a strand of eLib which explored the issues surrounding the retrieval and delivery of information in these types of environment but also investigated the integration of different electronic services so that single search approach could be offered to the End user.

Virtual LibraryAccess to electronic information in a variety of remote locations through a local online catalogue or other gateway, such as the internet

History

Vennever Bush’s Memx Machine, 1945

Invention of Internet 1983

World Wide Web by Tim Berners Lee, 1989

Digital Library Initiative I 1992-1998

Digital Library Initiative II ( 1999-2002)

International Perspective

History

Karachi Institute of Information Technology

Digital Library, 2002

United Nations Digital Library, 2003

Iqbal Urdu Cyber Library, 2003

Higher Education Commission Digital Library

PakLAG Digital Library Model, 2005

Pakistani Perspective

Memex by Vennever Bush

United Nations Digital Library

Characteristics of Digital Library

1. Universal and unlimited access

2. Contents will be in digital format which can be utilized only with the help of computer

3. Contents in textual, image, sound and video form

4. Collection to connection

Principles of Digital Library Development

1. Expect Change

2. Know your contents

3. Involve the right people

4. Design usable systems

5. Ensure open access

6. Be(a)ware of data rights

7. Automate whenever possible

8. Adopt and adhere to standards

9. Ensure quality

10. Be concerned about persistence

Components of Digital Library

Types of Digital Libraries

1. Stand-alone Digital Library (SDL)

2. Federated Digital Library (FDL)

3. Harvested Digital Library (HDL)

This is the regular classical library implemented in a fully computerized fashion. SDL is simply a library in which the holdings are digital (scanned or digitized). The SDL is self-contained - the material is localized and centralized.

Stand-alone Digital Library (SDL)

The ACM Digital Library

IEEE Computer Society DL

This is a federation of several independent SDLs in the network, organized around a common theme, and coupled together on the network. A FDL composes several autonomous SDLs that form a networked library with a transparent user interface. The different SDLs are heterogeneous and are connected via communication networks.

Federated Digital Library (FDL)

Networked Digital Library of Theses & Dissertation

SCOPUS

ELIN

Knowledge Cite Library

Database Advisor

OCLS’ FirstSearch

Bibliographic Navigation Tools for Digital Libraries

This is a virtual library providing summarized access to related material scattered over the network. . Examples of HDLs are the Internet Public Library (IPL)

1. A HDL holds only metadata with pointers to the holdings that are "one click away" in Cyberspace.

2. Developed by Library Professionals, or Computer Scientists

Harvested Digital Library (HDL)

Four Corner Stones of Digital Library

Communication technologiesCommunity

ContentComputer

Community

1. Library Professionals

2. Library Users

3. IT Professionals

4. Vendors

Communication Technologies

Communication Networks

Web Servers, Bandwidth, Local Area Network, Internet and software

Network standards

1. The Digital Object Identifier; http://www.doi.org/

2. Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP); http://www.w3.org/Protocols/

3. Persistent URL Home Page; http://purl.oclc.org/

4. Z39.50; http://www.loc.gov/z3950/agency/

Contents

Images

.BMP .TIF .GIF .PNG .WMF .PICT .PCD .EPS .EMF .CGM .TGA .JPG

Animation

.ANI .FLI .FLC

Video

.AVI .MOV .MPG .QT

Audio

.WAV .MID .SND .AUD .mp3

Web Page

.HTM .HTML .DHTML .HTMLS .XML

Text

.DOC .TXT .RTF .PDF

Programs

.COM .EXE

Contents

Contents

Markup standards

1. Hypertext Markup Language (HTML);

http://www.w3.org/MarkUp/

2. Extensible Markup Language (XML);

http://www.w3.org/XML/

3. Standard Generalized Markup Language

(SGML);

http://www.w3.org/MarkUp/SGML/

1. Dublin Core; http://dublincore.org/

2. MARC 21; http://Icweb.loc.gov/marc/

3. Encoded Archival Description (EAD); http://Icweb.loc.gov/ead/

Metadata standards

Contents

Computer

Personal Computer

Server Machines

Digital Library

Conceptual Models

PakLAG Digital Library Model

Relational Database(MySQL) Stores Metadata

Web Browser (IE, Netscape etc.)

Web Server (Tomcat)/ Digital Object Repository

User User

Myths

1. The internet is the digital library

2. Fully automated library is digital library

3. The myth of a single digital library or one-window view of digital library collections

4. Digital libraries will provide more equitable access, anywhere, any time

5. Digital libraries will be cheaper than print libraries

Challenges

1. Interoperability Technical, process, language, ( Different platforms

etc)

2. Building digital collections

2.a Digitization

2.b Acquisition of original digital works

2.c Access to external materials

3. Metadata

4. Naming, identifiers, and persistence

4.a Uniform Resource Locator (URL)

4.b Persistent Uniform Resource Locator (PURL)

4.c Uniform Resource Name (URN)

4.d Digital Object Identifier

5. Copyright / rights management 5.a Usage tracking5.b Identifying and authenticating users5.c Providing the copyright status of each

digital object, and the restrictions on its use or the fees associated with it

6. Preservation

6.a Preservation of the storage medium6.b Preservation of access to content

Challenges

Conclusion

The concepts of Digital and Virtual libraries are actually

services added to the traditional libraries wherein the

resources which can only be utilized with computers.

We hope digital libraries will coexist with traditional libraries

whether within them or as separate entities. However the role

of professionals will be drastically changed in digital

environment.

Digital libraries have customers instead of users and provide

pull and push information delivery methods.